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Paris
Limanskaya Nastya 10-A
Paris
Limanskaya Anastasia 10-A.

City `s history.
Attractions: 1. Eiffel Tower. 2. Louvre. 3. Versailles. 4. Cinema "Geode".
Video
Plan

Paris is at the crossroads of trade routes and rivers, in the heart of a rich agricultural region. It was one of the main cities of France in the 10th century, with a royal palace, rich abbeys and cathedrals. In the 12th century, Paris became one of the first centers in Europe for education and the arts. Throughout its existence, Paris has always been at the center of events that marked the history of France.
City `s history.
Coat of arms of Paris

Paris of the 20th century.
Paris in the 11th century.
A

Paris, already a city of the Franks, for some time was only a modest residence, first of the Merovingian, and then of the Carolingian kings. It turned into a true capital in 987, when Hugh Capet founded a new dynasty and gave the city a status that it retained throughout the history of France. At the end of the Middle Ages, the city had about 200 thousand inhabitants. Starting from the reign of Francis I, during which the first pavilions of the Louvre were built, and until the French Revolution, the city grew relatively slowly.
Only since the 16th century, the capital of France has been constantly growing and developing again. The Fronde forced the kings to move the residence outside the city, but Paris continues to expand and build up.
Paris in the Middle Ages

In the XVIII century, Paris becomes a recognized trendsetter, entertainment center.
The storming of the Bastille in July 1789 became one of the main actions of the Parisians during the First French Revolution, and the Parisians also played far from the last roles in the subsequent Second and Third Revolutions.
During the era of the French Revolution, the architecture of the city practically did not change. Due to the emigration of their owners, many mansions were abandoned, churches were closed.
In the 1990s and the first decade of the 20th century, also known as the Belle Epoque, France experienced an unprecedented rise and economic development.
After the October Revolution, Paris is the capital of Russian emigration. In the late 1960s - early. 1970s work on the reconstruction of the city is expanding. New buildings with modern architectural forms are changing the traditional face of Paris.
Paris XVIII-XX century

And today Paris retains all its importance, triumphant grandeur and charm, despite the fact that its face is being changed by construction projects such as Beaubourg and the ambitious Grands Projects building program carried out during the presidency of François Mitterrand. In addition to the Grand Arch of Defense and the Opéra Bastille, Mitterrand's projects included the renovation of the Louvre by the architect Pei, the La Villette complex on the northeastern outskirts of the city, and in the southeast, the Bibliothèque de France, which was equipped with state-of-the-art computers.
The capital of France today

The Eiffel Tower is the most recognizable architectural landmark of Paris, world famous as a symbol of France, named after its designer Gustave Eiffel. Eiffel himself called it simply - a 300-meter tower. In 2006, 6,719,200 people visited the tower, and in its entire history until December 31, 2007, 236,445,812 people. That is, the tower is the most visited and most photographed landmark in the world. This symbol of Paris was conceived as a temporary structure - the tower served as the entrance arch of the Paris World Exhibition in 1889. From the planned demolition (20 years after the exhibition), the tower was saved by radio antennas installed at the very top - this was the era of the introduction of radio.
Eiffel Tower.

The Louvre is one of the largest museums in the world The museum is located in the center of Paris, on the right bank of the Seine, on Rue Rivoli, in the 1st arrondissement of the capital.
The building of the museum is an ancient royal palace. The equestrian statue of Louis XIV marks the starting point of the so-called historical axis of Paris, but the palace is not aligned with it.
The Louvre is one of the oldest museums with a rich history of collecting art and historical relics of France, from the time of the Capetian dynasty to the present day.
Everything was collected in the Louvre, this museum can be called universal. His collections cover vast geographic and temporal spaces: from Western Europe to Iran through Greece, Egypt and the Middle East; from antiquity to 1848. European art of the latest period of time - from 1848 to the present day - is presented at the Musee d'Orsay and the Center Georges Pompidou, and Asian art is exhibited at the Guimet Museum. The art of Africa, America and Oceania is on display at the Quai Branly Museum.

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Project "Let's open the world to each other" Nomination "I'll show you this city"

PARIS Completed by: Ivan Smirnov, CLIO team, school No. 185, Nizhny Novgorod

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SITE ISLAND

Paris arose on the island of the City in the middle of the Seine. In the 3rd century BC. a tribe of the Parisians settled here. In 52, the settlement was captured by the Romans, and in the 5th century by the Franks. The city, called Lutetia, developed and became a crossroads of important trade routes. Gradually, the name Lutetia disappeared from use, it was replaced by the name "city of the Parisians", which soon transformed into Paris. Over time, the city went beyond the island of the City, people settled on the banks of the Seine, occupied the hills closest to it. Now, from the medieval buildings of the eastern part of the Cité, only the Cathedral of Notre Dame has survived.

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CATHEDRAL OF NOTHER DAME OF PARIS

The foundation stone of the cathedral was laid in 1163 by King Louis VII and Pope Alexander III. Before that, on the site of the cathedral there was an ancient Roman temple of the 1st century, later - a Christian basilica. The construction of Notre Dame Cathedral continued until 1345. History has not preserved the name of the first architect of the cathedral. It is only known that the Parisian bishop Maurice de Sully took part in the drafting of the project. The building came to us in an unfinished state. Two of its 70-meter towers were to be crowned with spiers.

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STAINED GLASS "ROSES"

Of the interior decorations of the 13th century in Notre Dame Cathedral, only the stained-glass windows of the “rose” have been preserved - a round window (10 meters in diameter) of the southern portal of the central facade. The stained glass window is dedicated to the theme of "blessed eternity": around Jesus Christ are the apostles, saints and angels of paradise.

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SQUARE JOHN XXIII

Behind the southern facade of the Notre Dame Cathedral is the square of John XXIII. On the site of the square, at first there was a construction waste dump, then, from the 17th century, the residence of the archbishop. In 1831, the building was demolished, the prefect of the Seine, Rambuteau, bought the wasteland, planted trees and flowers there and decorated it with a fountain of the virgin (1845).

Slide 7

CONCIERGERY

Conciergerie - part of the royal castle of the Capet era (14th century). The two towers of the castle - Caesar and Silver - are framed on both sides by facades of the 17th century. From the Middle Ages, the hall of warriors, the hall of armed guards, kitchen services, and the courtyard have been preserved in the castle

Slide 8

NEW BRIDGE

The new bridge connects the western part of the Ile de la Cité with both banks of the Seine. Contrary to its name, it is the oldest surviving bridge in Paris. The first stone was laid on May 31, 1578. Construction completed in 1606. The bridge project belonged to the outstanding architect Androuet du Cerso. The bridge was so strong that it was never rebuilt.

Slide 9

Equestrian STATUE OF HEINRICH IV

In 1614, a statue of Henry IV was erected near the New Bridge. During the French Revolution, the statue was removed from the pedestal, but in 1818 it was restored by the sculptor Lemo.

Slide 10

BASILICA SACRE-CORE

When Prussian troops besieged Paris in 1870, two French Catholics, Alexandre Leganty and Roo de Fleury, swore that if France won the war, they would build a church and dedicate it to the Sacred Heart of Christ. France lost, but Paris escaped occupation. In 1875, the construction of the basilica began with donations from the people. The project was designed by the architect Abadi. The consecration of the temple took place in 1919. The basilica was built in neo-Byzantine style from white sandstone. The interior is richly decorated with marble sculpture, stained glass windows and mosaics.

slide 11

CATHEDRAL OF THE HOUSE OF THE INVALIDES

Frequent wars led to the fact that in the middle of the 17th century in France there were many retired disabled soldiers forced to beg. In 1670, Louis XIV decided to build a house and a temple for them. The Cathedral of the Les Invalides (architect Aardouin-Mansart) is an example of architectural elegance and symmetry. The facade is decorated with a double colonnade. The huge dome, entwined with golden garlands and flowers, is crowned with a gilded lantern with a spire. Napoleon Bonaparte is buried in the crypt of the cathedral.

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In 1744, seriously ill Louis XV vowed to build a temple in honor of the patroness of Paris, Saint Genevieve. The consecration of the church took place in 1790. During the French Revolution, the church was turned into the Pantheon - the tomb of great people. The architecture of the building is an example of classicism. The vaults of the building support the columns of the Corinthian order. There are no window openings in the walls. They are replaced by marufle canvases pasted on stone walls. The painting cycle created by Puvis de Chavannes and Laurent is dedicated to Saint Genevieve.

slide 13

In the 20th century, 4 sculptural groups were installed at the supports of the dome of the Pantheon (counterclockwise): “Jean-Jacques Rousseau” (Bartolome, 1912), “To the glory of the generals of the revolution” (Gask, 1925), “To orators and publicists of the Restoration era” (Marquest , 1919), Diderot and the Encyclopedists (Treroir, 1925) and The National Convention (Sicard, 1924)

Slide 14

FOUCAULT PENDULUM

Attached to the light dome of the Pantheon is a working replica of Foucault's pendulum, with which the physicist Léon Foucault showed in 1851 that the Earth rotates. Anyone can verify that this is actually the case.

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PALE ROYAL

The palace was built in the 17th century by order of Cardinal Richelieu. After his death, the palace passed into the possession of King Louis XIII. When Anna of Austria settled here, the palace became known as the Royal Palace (Palais Royal). The architectural ensemble of the Palais-Royal consists of the palace itself, which today houses the Council of State, and galleries that frame the inner garden on three sides, planned by Louis XIV himself.

Slide 17

CONSENT SQUARE

The place for the square was chosen by Louis XV, and the project was developed by J.-A. Gabriel. The construction of the square was completed in 1779. The square acquired its modern look in 1836, when the architect Hitorf installed the Luxor obelisk in its center - a gift from the Egyptian Pasha Mahmet Ali.

Slide 18

In the 16th century, there was a landfill on the site of the garden, and the clay mined here was used to make tiles - in French "tuile", from which the name Tuileries originated. By order of Catherine de Medici, a garden was laid out on this site, which became the first public place for outdoor walks.

Slide 19

TRIUMPHAL ARCH ON CAROUSEL SQUARE

The triumphal arch was erected in the early 19th century in honor of the victories of Napoleon. It is decorated with bas-reliefs depicting the most famous episodes of the Napoleonic wars. The triumphal arch served as a solemn entrance to the residence of the emperor - the Tuileries Palace. An equestrian group was installed on the arch, removed by order of Napoleon from the portal of St. Mark's Cathedral in Venice. In 1815, the sculpture was returned to Italy, and the arch was crowned with a bronze quadriga with a statue of Peace.

Slide 20

The palace complex of the Louvre evolved over many centuries. At the end of the 12th century, King Philip-Augustus built a castle that protected the approaches to the island of Cité. The fortress was called the Louvre (from leovar - fortification) In the 14th century, fortress walls were erected around the city and the castle lost its defensive function. Under Charles V, it was rebuilt and turned into a royal residence. In the 16th century, a significant part of the building was demolished and a new palace was built on the vacant site, which was constantly expanded over time.

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Until recently, the museum's exposition occupied only the right wing of the palace, the Old Louvre and the Square Court. In 1981, a decision was made to create the Grand Louvre. The Ministry of Finance, which occupied the left wing of the palace, moved to another building, the area of ​​the museum expanded significantly. There was a problem of creating a single central entrance. According to the project of the architect Yeo Ming Lei, a glass pyramid was built in the courtyard of the Louvre, connecting all departments of the museum with underground passages. It housed a hall, cash desks, wardrobe, shops where you can buy catalogs, souvenirs, books.

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MUSEUM OF THE LOUVRE

As a museum, the Louvre opened in 1793. The basis of the exposition was the collections of the French kings. Currently, the Louvre Museum holds more than 25,000 works of art. The museum is divided into 7 departments: Ancient East and Islamic art, Ancient Egypt, ancient Greek, Etruscan and Roman art, arts and crafts, European painting (1200-1850), European sculpture (1100-1850), graphics. The gems of the Louvre collection are Mona Lisa, Venus de Milo and Nike of Samothrace.

Venus de Milo

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CHURCH OF SAINT EUSTACHE

The Church of Sainte-Eustache was built in the middle of the 18th century with money collected by merchants located nearby the market. It is one of the last Gothic churches in Paris. The originality of the temple lies in the combination of Gothic vaults with Renaissance forms of the facade and columns. Moliere, Cardinal Richelieu, Madame Pompadour were baptized in this church. Here, Berlioz and Liszt performed their works on the church organ. Among the artistic treasures of the church are paintings by Rubens and sculptures by Pigalle.

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PALACE OF JUSTICE

In ancient times, the palace of the Roman governors stood on this site, and in the 13th century, during the Capetian dynasty, a fortified castle was built, which served as the residence of the first French kings. At the end of the 14th century, the Louvre became the royal palace, and the Parisian parliament was housed in the old residence. After the French Revolution, the building became known as the Palace of Justice. Now it houses the highest court of France - the Court of Cassation.

Slide 25

SAINT CHAPELLE

The ensemble of the Palace of Justice includes the chapel of Saint-Chapelle (Holy Chapel), built in the 13th century by order of Louis IX to store a relic - the crown of thorns of Jesus Christ. Saint-Chapelle consists of two chapels, one above the other. The lower one was intended for courtiers. At the top there was a service for the royal family. The chapel is crowned with a 75-meter spire. The openwork rose on the façade dates from the 15th century. The stained-glass windows of the 13th century have been preserved in the lancet windows - 1134 scenes on biblical subjects.

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Field of Mars

The Field of Mars was created at the end of the 18th century as a training ground for students of the Military School and named after the god of war. The first horse races in Paris (1780), the first experiments on aerostatics (1783), the first attempt to rise in a balloon (1784) took place here. In 1889, the Champ de Mars was chosen as the site for the construction of the Eiffel Tower. At the beginning of the 20th century, a beautiful park was laid out here.

Slide 29

EIFFEL TOWER ILLUMINATION SYSTEM

In 1985, an illumination system was introduced, according to which floodlights were installed inside the tower itself so that their directional light emphasized the lightness and elegance of the structure. In 2000, they added "star twinkle" - the lights running at great speed create the effect of a wonderful firework. Every 7 years, the Eiffel Tower is painted by hand, adding a yellow pigment to the paint, which, in the rays of spotlights and lamps, gives an additional glow.

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MOULIN ROUGE

The most famous cabaret in Paris opened in 1889. According to legend, the Moulin Rouge stage is the birthplace of the cancan. Ella Fitzgerald, Edith Piaf, Frank Sinatra, Elton John, Yves Montand, Jean Gabin, Charles Aznavour, Liza Minnelli performed on the cabaret stage. In 1990, the cabaret was completely rebuilt and equipped with the latest technology; only the wings of the Red Mill survived from the old building.

Slide 31

CENTRAL MARKET FORUM

There used to be swamps here. Then the land was drained and in 1137 a market was opened, which became the commercial center of Paris. Zola described this place in the novel The Belly of Paris. The name was liked by the Parisians and stuck with it. In 1969, the market was closed, and in its place, the construction of a modern shopping center began. Original buildings made of glass and metal rose above the ground, and a real underground city was created inside. Four underground floors of the Forum go down 17.5 m. Daylight penetrates through the glazed galleries through a complex system of mirrors.

MONTPARNACE TOWER

The tower of black glass and steel, built in 1973 by the architects Baudouin, Cassant, de Mariana and Szabo, rises 210 m above Paris. The fastest elevator in Europe takes passengers to a height of 195 m in 38 seconds. On the 56th and 59th viewing platforms are open on the th floors of the tower. The appearance of a European skyscraper turned out to be so unnatural that it was decided not to build such high-rise buildings in the central part of the city.

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DEFENSE DISTRICT

Defense is a business and shopping district in the northwestern part of Paris. It was created in 1957-1989. under the direction of the architect Le Corbusier. "Defense" is translated as "defense", and according to the plan of the city planners, the area should play the role of a "shield", protecting the historical part of Paris, which developed in the 17-19 centuries, from the influence of modern architecture.

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SOURCES OF INFORMATION ABOUT PARIS:

* Paris in your pocket. - St. Petersburg: Publishing house "Welcome", 2008 * Paris. - Moscow: Publishing house "Around the world", 2007 * France. - Moscow: Publishing house "Vokrug sveta", 2007.

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Project "Let's open the world to each other" Nomination "I'll show you this city" PARIS Completed by: Ivan Smirnov, CLIO team, school No. 185, Nizhny Novgorod

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ISLAND OF CITES Paris originated on the island of Cite in the middle of the Seine. In the 3rd century BC. Here settled the tribe of the Parisians. In 52, the settlement was captured by the Romans, and in the 5th century by the Franks. The city, called Lutetia, developed and became a crossroads of important trade routes. Gradually, the name Lutetia disappeared from use, it was replaced by the name "city of the Parisians", which soon transformed into Paris. Over time, the city went beyond the island of the City, people settled on the banks of the Seine, occupied the hills closest to it. Now, from the medieval buildings of the eastern part of the Cité, only the Cathedral of Notre Dame has survived.

slide 3

CATHEDRAL OF NOTHER OF PARIS The foundation stone of the cathedral was laid in 1163 by King Louis VII and Pope Alexander III. Before that, on the site of the cathedral there was an ancient Roman temple of the 1st century, later - a Christian basilica. The construction of Notre Dame Cathedral continued until 1345. History has not preserved the name of the first architect of the cathedral. It is only known that the Parisian bishop Maurice de Sully took part in the drafting of the project. The building came to us in an unfinished state. Two of its 70-meter towers were to be crowned with spiers.

slide 4

The cathedral is a five-aisled basilica (length 130 m, width 105 m, vault height 35 m). The entrance overlooks the central high nave, the choir and the altar. The cathedral houses the largest organ in France (master Clicquot, 18th century, 7800 pipes)

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STAINED GLASS "ROSES" Of the interior decorations of the 13th century in Notre Dame Cathedral, only the stained glass windows of the "rose" - a round window (10 meters in diameter) of the southern portal of the central facade - have been preserved. The stained glass window is dedicated to the theme of "blessed eternity": around Jesus Christ are the apostles, saints and angels of paradise.

slide 6

SQUARE OF JOHN XXIII Behind the southern facade of the Cathedral of Notre Dame is the square of John XXIII. On the site of the square, at first there was a construction waste dump, then, from the 17th century, the residence of the archbishop. In 1831, the building was demolished, the prefect of the Seine, Rambuteau, bought the wasteland, planted trees and flowers there and decorated it with a fountain of the virgin (1845).

Slide 7

CONCIERGERY Conciergerie is part of the royal castle of the Capet era (14th century). The two towers of the castle - Caesar and Silver - are framed on both sides by facades of the 17th century. From the Middle Ages, the hall of warriors, the hall of armed guards, kitchen services, and the courtyard have been preserved in the castle

Slide 8

NEW BRIDGE The new bridge connects the western part of the Ile de la Cité with both banks of the Seine. Contrary to its name, it is the oldest surviving bridge in Paris. The first stone was laid on May 31, 1578. Construction completed in 1606. The bridge project belonged to the outstanding architect Androuet du Cerso. The bridge was so strong that it was never rebuilt.

Slide 9

Equestrian STATUE OF HENRY IV In 1614, a statue of Henry IV was erected near the New Bridge. During the French Revolution, the statue was removed from the pedestal, but in 1818 it was restored by the sculptor Lemo.

slide 10

SACRET-CORE BASILICA When Prussian troops besieged Paris in 1870, two French Catholics, Alexandre Leganti and Roo de Fleury, swore that if France won the war, they would build a church and dedicate it to the Sacred Heart of Christ. France lost, but Paris escaped occupation. In 1875, the construction of the basilica began with donations from the people. The project was designed by the architect Abadi. The consecration of the temple took place in 1919. The basilica was built in neo-Byzantine style from white sandstone. The interior is richly decorated with marble sculpture, stained glass windows and mosaics.

slide 11

THE CATHEDRAL OF THE HOUSE OF THE INVALID Frequent wars led to the fact that in the middle of the 17th century in France there were many retired soldiers with disabilities who were forced to beg. In 1670, Louis XIV decided to build a house and a temple for them. The Cathedral of the Les Invalides (architect Aardouin-Mansart) is an example of architectural elegance and symmetry. The facade is decorated with a double colonnade. The huge dome, entwined with golden garlands and flowers, is crowned with a gilded lantern with a spire. Napoleon Bonaparte is buried in the crypt of the cathedral.

slide 12

PANTHEON In 1744, seriously ill Louis XV vowed to build a temple in honor of the patroness of Paris, Saint Genevieve. The consecration of the church took place in 1790. During the French Revolution, the church was turned into the Pantheon - the tomb of great people. The architecture of the building is an example of classicism. The vaults of the building support the columns of the Corinthian order. There are no window openings in the walls. They are replaced by marufle canvases pasted on stone walls. The painting cycle created by Puvis de Chavannes and Laurent is dedicated to Saint Genevieve.

slide 13

In the 20th century, 4 sculptural groups were installed at the supports of the dome of the Pantheon (counterclockwise): “Jean-Jacques Rousseau” (Bartolome, 1912), “To the glory of the generals of the revolution” (Gask, 1925), “To orators and publicists of the Restoration era” (Marquest , 1919), Diderot and the Encyclopedists (Treroir, 1925) and The National Convention (Sicard, 1924)

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FOUCAULT'S PENDULUM Attached to the light dome of the Pantheon is a working replica of the Foucault's pendulum, with which the physicist Léon Foucault showed in 1851 that the Earth rotates. Anyone can verify that this is actually the case.

slide 15

PALEI ROYAL The palace was built in the 17th century by order of Cardinal Richelieu. After his death, the palace passed into the possession of King Louis XIII. When Anna of Austria settled here, the palace became known as the Royal Palace (Palais Royal). The architectural ensemble of the Palais-Royal consists of the palace itself, which today houses the Council of State, and galleries that frame the inner garden on three sides, planned by Louis XIV himself.

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SQUARE OF CONSENT The place for the square was chosen by Louis XV, and the project was developed by J.-A. Gabriel. The construction of the square was completed in 1779. The square acquired its modern look in 1836, when the architect Hitorf installed the Luxor obelisk in its center - a gift from the Egyptian Pasha Mahmet Ali.

slide 18

Tuileries In the 16th century, the site of the garden was a landfill, and the clay mined here was used to make tiles - in French "tuile", from which the name Tuileries originated. By order of Catherine de Medici, a garden was laid out on this site, which became the first public place for outdoor walks.

slide 19

TRIUMPHAL ARCH IN THE CAROUSEL SQUARE The triumphal arch was erected at the beginning of the 19th century in honor of the victories of Napoleon. It is decorated with bas-reliefs depicting the most famous episodes of the Napoleonic wars. The triumphal arch served as a solemn entrance to the residence of the emperor - the Tuileries Palace. An equestrian group was installed on the arch, removed by order of Napoleon from the portal of St. Mark's Cathedral in Venice. In 1815, the sculpture was returned to Italy, and the arch was crowned with a bronze quadriga with a statue of Peace.

slide 20

LOUVR The palace complex of the Louvre has evolved over many centuries. At the end of the 12th century, King Philip-Augustus built a castle that protected the approaches to the island of Cité. The fortress was called the Louvre (from leovar - fortification) In the 14th century, fortress walls were erected around the city and the castle lost its defensive function. Under Charles V, it was rebuilt and turned into a royal residence. In the 16th century, a significant part of the building was demolished and a new palace was built on the vacant site, which was constantly expanded over time.

slide 21

Until recently, the museum's exposition occupied only the right wing of the palace, the Old Louvre and the Square Court. In 1981, a decision was made to create the Grand Louvre. The Ministry of Finance, which occupied the left wing of the palace, moved to another building, the area of ​​the museum expanded significantly. There was a problem of creating a single central entrance. According to the project of the architect Yeo Ming Lei, a glass pyramid was built in the courtyard of the Louvre, connecting all departments of the museum with underground passages. It housed a hall, cash desks, wardrobe, shops where you can buy catalogs, souvenirs, books.

slide 22

MUSEUM OF THE LOUVRE As a museum, the Louvre opened in 1793. The basis of the exposition was the collections of the French kings. Currently, the Louvre Museum holds more than 25,000 works of art. The museum is divided into 7 departments: Ancient East and Islamic art, Ancient Egypt, ancient Greek, Etruscan and Roman art, arts and crafts, European painting (1200-1850), European sculpture (1100-1850), graphics. The gems of the Louvre collection are Mona Lisa, Venus de Milo and Nike of Samothrace. Venus de Milo

slide 23

THE CHURCH OF SAINT-EUSTACHE The church of Saint-Eustache was built in the middle of the 18th century with money raised by the merchants of the nearby market. It is one of the last Gothic churches in Paris. The originality of the temple lies in the combination of Gothic vaults with Renaissance forms of the facade and columns. Moliere, Cardinal Richelieu, Madame Pompadour were baptized in this church. Here, Berlioz and Liszt performed their works on the church organ. Among the artistic treasures of the church are paintings by Rubens and sculptures by Pigalle.

slide 24

PALACE OF JUSTICE In ancient times, the palace of the Roman governors stood on this site, and in the 13th century, during the Capetian dynasty, a fortified castle was built, which served as the residence of the first French kings. At the end of the 14th century, the Louvre became the royal palace, and the Parisian parliament was housed in the old residence. After the French Revolution, the building became known as the Palace of Justice. Now it houses the highest court of France - the Court of Cassation.

slide 25

SAINT-CHAPELLE The ensemble of the Palace of Justice includes the chapel of Saint-Chapelle (Holy Chapel), built in the 13th century by order of Louis IX to store a relic - the crown of thorns of Jesus Christ. Saint-Chapelle consists of two chapels, one above the other. The lower one was intended for courtiers. At the top there was a service for the royal family. The chapel is crowned with a 75-meter spire. The openwork rose on the façade dates from the 15th century. The stained-glass windows of the 13th century have been preserved in the lancet windows - 1134 scenes on biblical subjects.

slide 26

Field of Mars The field of Mars was created at the end of the 18th century as a training ground for students of the Military School and named after the god of war. The first horse races in Paris (1780), the first experiments on aerostatics (1783), the first attempt to rise in a balloon (1784) took place here. In 1889, the Champ de Mars was chosen as the site for the construction of the Eiffel Tower. At the beginning of the 20th century, a beautiful park was laid out here.

slide 27

EIFFEL TOWER Symbol of Paris and France, the famous Eiffel Tower was built by the engineer Gustave Eiffel in 1889 as an exhibit of the World Industrial Exhibition. The 324-meter tower has 3 observation decks: at a height of 57, 115 and 276 m. On days of excellent visibility, from the top observation deck, the view can cover a space with a radius of up to 70 km.

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The Eiffel Tower is the most recognizable architectural landmark of Paris, world famous as a symbol of France, named after its designer Gustave Eiffel and is a place of pilgrimage for tourists. The designer himself called it simply - a 300-meter tower.

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The Pantheon is a building located in the Latin Quarter, which was originally built as a church dedicated to Saint Genevieve, but after numerous changes it became the burial place of famous people. It is one of the first neoclassical buildings with a façade modeled on that of the Pantheon in Rome, crowned with a small dome.

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Currently, the Sorbonne is called the historic University of Paris, which is located in the central region of Ile-de-France and is perhaps the most famous university in continental Europe. Today, the Sorbonne is a powerful institution, consisting of 13 universities located throughout Paris, with their own specialization and their faculties, and at the same time the authority of the Sorbonne as a whole.

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The Louvre in Paris is the most famous museum in the capital of France, the most popular museum in the world, and at the same time the third largest. The Louvre is located on the right bank of the Seine River in the 1st municipal district of Paris, where in the building of the Louvre Palace on an area of ​​60.6 thousand square meters. exhibited about 35 thousand items created in the period from the 6th millennium BC. e. until the 19th century A.D. e.

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Aqua Boulevard is located in the southwest of Paris and covers an area of ​​7,000 square meters. The construction of the water park began in 1986. It was planned to invest 280 million francs, however, in fact, the construction took 450 million. Three years later, the complex was built, which became the largest water park in Europe.

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Disneyland Paris is a grand complex of amusement parks. Disneyland has two theme parks. The first is the classic Disneyland Park. The second - Walt Disney Studios Park - the "kitchen" of the film industry.

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Catacombs of Paris - the famous Parisian underground ossuaries, burial places of skeletons. Organized in the renovated part of the city's extensive network of underground tunnels and artificial caves at the end of the 18th century, they have become an attractive place for tourists. The official name of the catacombs is "Municipal Ossuaries". 45-minute excursions are organized here, and you should take care of warm clothes - the temperature in the catacombs is 14 degrees above zero.

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The Champ de Mars is a famous park in the 7th arrondissement of Paris, wedged between the Eiffel Tower from the northwest and the Military School from the southwest. It is located in the western part of the city on the left bank of the Seine. This park got its name in honor of the ancient Roman Field of Mars.