I. Caves are a unique natural phenomenon.
The person always attracts the uncharted, mysterious, hidden by darkness. Caves are probably the most striking example of the mystery created by nature. When a person gets into the narrow or wide passages of "underground palaces", they can be seized or anxiety and fear, or indomitable curiosity - the other attracts, forces it again and returned to resolve this riddles. Moreover, the caves are a rather rare geological phenomenon. They allow a person to look deep into the earth, find out the contents of its subsoil, look at the grand, impressive work of water.
Yes, it is the water that is the creator of caves, more precisely, groundwater. They travel through the voids and cracks of the earth's crust and build their ways, penetrating rock and dissolve them. Moreover, some breeds are amenable to water rather quickly (carbonate, sulphate and chloride), while others remain unchanged. So thousands of thousands are passing, millions of years - Caves and high-rise labyrinths formed, for which they often flow underground rivers. This phenomenon of nature got the name of the karst.
Attract the caves and their beauty. Drops of water saturated with two-dimensional calcium build bizarre sculptures: from the ceiling of the cave "grow" stalactites, and on the floor - stalagmites, when they are connected, columns are obtained. Cave turns into underground city or garden.
Worldwide, several stages have passed the interest of people to the caves in time. For primitive people, they were housing and temples. From the era of enlightenment, the cave began to attract the attention of scientists, whose interest was sevenched by the findings of the bones of man and animals of the "dough" period. In the second half of the XIX century, geomorphology arose at the junction of geology and geography, representatives of which paid considerable attention to the caves. At the same time, the aesthetic and scientific and educational values \u200b\u200bof the caves as unique natural and historical and cultural facilities were realized - speleology was born.
The most popular among tourists do not have the deepest (Jean-Bernard well in the Savoy Alps - 1410 meters) and not the longest (Flint Mamontov cave in the USA - 341.1 kilometers), and the most beautiful and affordable caves. Kungur "Ice" cave in the Urals stretches "total" 5.6 kilometers. Amazing coloring and bizarre forms of stalactites and stalagmites, a complex combination of limestone and ice growths make a cave like a fabulous underground kingdom. The most famous in the Caucasus is anacopian (NovoAhonsky) cave. Natural entrance to it is in a funnel among the forest on the mountain of Iverskaya. To penetrate the giant cave rooms, you need to go down 139 meters vertically down. The cave is equipped for tourists inspection: a tunnel for an electric train is broken in the "body" of the mountain. In the US, the foot of the Guadalup Mountains, in the south of New Mexico there is a famous Karslab cave (length - 33 kilometers, depth - 313 meters), which has several floors. It is visited by numerous tourists, electrified, equipped with elevators and snacks.
II. Tavdinsky caves - favorite place tourists.
In the territory Altai Region There are quite a lot of caves. The most famous of them are: Geophysical, Altai, Tavdinsky - these are the favorite places of tourists traveling along the Altai Mountain Altai.
The most accessible to visit are Tavdinsky caves. Despite the fact that they are located in the sheer rocks and on the steep slopes of the Tavda Mountain, to visit them quite simply - the asphalt road leads to them and special steps are made (Fig. 3 and 4), and in the cave Tavdinskaya-2 even electricity has been carried out for convenience. tourists. Since the caves are widely known and popular among tourists a place, almost every recreation center in the area provides information posters that report the time, duration and cost of excursions on them. The entrance itself to the nature monument has long turned into a place for a comfortable stay of guests with numerous cafes, kiosks with souvenirs and even houses for recreation. Attracts the fact that near the Tavdinsky caves are located and other attractions. Mountain Altai: Lake, Lake Mergerok, Kamyshny Waterfall, Source Argen-Suu.
The Tavda caves received its name from the name of the village of Tavda (the second name - Talda), previously located near these places. The local population has a romantic legend about the origin and title of these caves:
"For a long time, no one does not remember exactly when Hansha Tavda lived in the mountains. She heard among people such a soul, which light did not see. And, although all sorts of riches had a number of unpelled, she came up with new tricks, so that only the people were to the thread. But where she folded from people good: cattle, harness, bird, killed game - no one could understand. All that was brought to her yurt and folded with whole bears, disappeared in front of the eyes, as in the land fell. Hunters of all Soboli, Kozlov, Marals have grown in the whole district, and Tawa all increased the lifts.
He threatened that if the tribute would not be filed during the time, he would take away the involuntary people of their children. Sons will take into his army, and daughters in slavery - rugs weave, goats to milk and do all sorts of black work. Day and night rushed by the hunter taiga. Ponorov, with empty networks, Brere into poor yurts fishermen, in the lakes and rivers have long been the fish has not been laid. Everything disappeared into an insatiable, bottomless womb of the greedy tavda.
Slava about the masterful young family came soon to Tavda. She even shook his hands when she saw her creativity. Immediately laid out such a big lifestyle, which there would be no longer the top ten masters. What was the surprise of the Khan servants, when the manger and cathing were argued to the designated deadline and Katung almost with empty hands. The master in his hands there was only one jug, and the craftsmen had only one fishing network ... "Listen to us, Lady, our tribute to you is not simple," the mansher began. "Here is my jug, he is without the bottom, you will be swollen into it so much kumsa, how many of your subjects will prepare it." "But my network," continued Cating. "It's your servants will catch all the fish from the rivers and Lake Altai." And in the network there were cells of such a large size, which was clear: no fish will keep!
Tavda understood that the masters simply laughed at her greed. She struck by the enchanted staff of the mangerok, he immediately turned his beautiful lake. When the staff touched the Katung brain, she managed to run away, and it was so frightened in a rapidly running by the beauty of the Katun River. And before his death managed to shout her beloved - "Goodbye!" And he threw the handful of needles, which embroidered their beautiful carpets. These needles scattered along the bottom of the lake and sprout into the walnut - Chile.
Tawa, being on the left bank of the river, was deployed because she was shoved. And with anger so fused her leg that herself, together with her good, fell under the ground. And in the place where it happened, not far from the other, visible holes. These are the entrances to the Tavdinsky caves. Many people of them were reset when they found. There were fishing nets there, and clay dishes - a lot of all kinds! This is the richness of Khanshi Tavda. And the entrances to the Tavdinsky caves wakes the lunar sable. He wore a greedy hash on his shoulders. He led to his riches, and now she wakes them in the Tavdinsky caves. "
The Tavdin caves in the Altai district of the Altai Territory are located, but the entrance to them is possible only from the Chui tract on the territory of the Republic of Altai, with which the Altai Territory borders on the Katun River, it can be moved along the new Iron Bridge (the passage of a paid), leading to the tourist complex "Turquoise Katun. " There are caves on the left bank of the Katun River, 200 meters from it, 10-15 kilometers above the imposition of her left tributary of the Ustyuba River; At 10-12 kilometers south of Lower Caiancha, almost opposite the village of Lime-in-law on the Chui tract. Their geographic coordinates: 51 0 47 'Northern latitude, 85 0 40' East longitude.
Here is a whole complex of karst formations, which includes about 30 caves: Bolshaya Taldinskaya, Tavdinskaya-2, Bear Nora, Teremok, Cellar, Through, Pigeon, Sports, Bad Dreams, Roll, Wide Gate, Scenic, Chiefs, Tiny, Snake, Throne, Caracatia, Clay, Large Gate, Moentra Grota, Krotovsky Grotto and others - all of them of various sizes and degrees of disadvantage, and beautiful Karst Arch. From the top of the Tavdinskaya Mountain opens an unforgettable view of the Katun River and the Chuyet path. This species makes everyone stops and thinking, creates philosophical reflections in the souls:
"Nature is a miracle. The real idea that this mountain appeared exactly when we went to Katuni. We walked along the left shore, where I would never even think about it! Great. Unusual. This is a real mountain, and not the one who brought up in me since childhood, the mountainous - the Chuy, which we drove by car with air conditioning at a speed of 100 km per hour. That distance we passed for these ten days, I could drive in 30 minutes by car. But only now I learned the real mountain. Maybe it happened when we climbed the pass, or when I was sitting on the rock today and looked at the Chuy path, which was a small strip on the other side of the river, on it were driving small brilliant cars, such tiny! Or when I looked at the lake, surrounded by the mountains. At such moments you understand that this world is really created by God and all your cases are so small and insignificant ... Or when I walked along this dark cave created by small droplets of water. They are so mysterious and beautiful ... "
Tavdinsky caves have been known for a long time. They, apparently, began to visit by tourists and dackets, who stayed in the Manger, from the beginning of the 20th century. In any case, when the first mentions of the caves appeared (the first list of nature monuments, compiled by N.A. Rondovyov in 1919), they were already popular excursion facilities. This popularity of the cave has been kept so far.
In 1926 an article of geologists MI appeared. Mole donor about the Tavdinsky caves, which he explored in 1920, being director of the Biy Museum. This is the first, actually, speleological work on Altai was accompanied by the first plans of the caves, quite well-performed. M.I. Mole made archaeological findings in two caves, and in the other two found earth structures with a stone masonry. In several caves, he watched traces of a recent habitat of people. Or in the caves, someone was hidden during the Civil War, or there were previously hidden children-workers.
In the future, the cave and findings in them were mentioned in a number of articles and tourist guidebooks. Since 1960, the Tavdinsky caves have attracted the attention of speleologists and kurstov from the whole country. In 1968, the caves were studied by the Joint Group of Karst Detachment ZSU under the direction of G.P. The Sharichina and the Thong of the Speliological Section of the TSU under the leadership of V. Chukovuk. But still many caves in the Tavdinskaya Mount are poorly studied.
For a long time, scientists were looking for here to the writings here. Information that in the Tavdinsky caves or on the rocks next to the caves are made by okra cave drawings ancient man in for different years Archaeologists A. P. Okladnikov, V. D. Kubarev, Museum workers B. X. Cadikov and S. S. Zyablitsky. In 1968, these drawings unsuccessfully sought participants in the spelleological expedition of TSU, in the 1970s Academician A. P. Zaleknikov, in 1981 V.K. VintigangAuzen. But all searches in this direction were fruitless.
IV. Geology.
For the first time, this area explored in 1930 K.V. Ranugin. He worked in the Maima, Kajas rivers pools - as a result, markers and quartzite as a result noted. In the same year, Krayevskaya studied the pools of the Kamenka rivers, Ustyuba and Sema - pointed to a significant distribution of limestone and marbles along the Ustyuba River. In 1933 he conducted research in the river basin of the Cheap geologist, he noted that this area is complicated by Proterozoic and Cambrian marbles and limestones, broken by acid intrusions. In 1942-1944, M.K. Winkman and S.F. Dubinkin investigated the geological structure of the northern part of the Altai Mountain Altai and allocated the age units of Borotal Speed \u200b\u200band Kayachi formation. In 1948 and 1949, the first geological maps of this area were drawn up.
In the 50s of the 20th century, in connection with the detailed construction, a large number of building materials required in the Altai Territory. In particular, it was necessary to prepare the raw material base of facing marbles. That is why in 1955, the Glavgeology of the MPSM - the USSR gave an indication of the SibGGGEVRUD test work in the Miminsky district, the Gorno-Altai Autonomous Region and the Altai district, the Altai Territory - the so-called Katun Marmalands deposit - in order to prepare marbles stocks. To fulfill this task, the West Siberian Expedition of SibGGGEVRUD was organized by the Miminsky search and geological party, which began wildlife in May 1955. In the same year, the party examined six sections, of which the limestone 1 and Tavdinsky was chosen for a number of factors, and limestones on the site were recommended as raw materials for air lime, and not as a facing stone.
Studies have shown that the Tavdinsky plot is composed of Kanchinsky formation limestones. It is in this part of the Katun field that there is a square distribution of limestone, which are losing a number of hills in the area, and the Tavdinskaya Mountain is included in their number. The maximum height of 882 meters above sea level, the river Katun level in the area at 320 meters. Consequently, the relative excess is 400-500 meters. Marbles in the form of rock outlets are traced along the Katun River for 4 kilometers.
Marble here is gray, light gray with a bluish tint, dolomitetested, massive or stribling. Stretch stratum marbles submeridional, falling western at an angle of 40-65 0. Nizhnekhembry marble marbles. The power of the nanos is small, does not exceed 1.5 meters, and they are represented by a quaternary yellow-brown clay with marble chips and other breeds.
In a modern climate, the formation of local relief forms is influenced by energetic frosty weathering, karst phenomena. Some sections of Altai with the propagation of limestone carry the clear features of the karst landscape.
Taldinsky carcass array, consists of two limestone cliffs. The length of the cliffs with caves along the coast is about 5 kilometers. South Rock (Mokhnatuha mountain, 863.1 meters) monolithic, the north is divided by logs and canyons into separate groups of rocks. Rocks rise above the second (10-15 meters) of the knife terrace of the Katun River, overgrown with a pine forest with an admixture of birch. The massif caves are located at the heights of 40-200 meters above the river. When taking the rocks with the second terrace there are several minor niches. A mansion is the cave of the grottoes of Ithyander. Its entrance is located in the south of the coastal cliff of Katun at the water level, and the other two are represented by funnels on the surface of the 2nd terrace, connected by wells with the lower part of the cave.
V. Monument of Nature.
As part of the specially protected natural territories of the Altai Territory, a category is a monument of nature (the law of the Altai Territory of December 26, 1996). The status of the monuments is enshrined by the decisions of the regional administration No. 234 of April 13, 1998 and No. 568 of July 21, 2000. Currently, 143 monuments of nature of the regional and federal significance are legally executed on the territory of the Altai Territory. Among them are separate groups: geological, hydrological, botanical. Some of the monuments are only conditionally attributed to a particular group, they are essentially complex. A group of geological monuments of nature is 63 objects. The vast majority of them are in the south of the edge - in the mountains and foothills of Altai.
Tapping caves are also a geological monument of nature, which since the opening has already visited not one thousand tourists. "Guests" caused caves tremendous damage: everyone seeks to carry a part of this "Beauty" or leave a memory of the inscription on the wall here about themselves. Damage caves also mining near limestone, scattering and destruction of bats and other inhabitants, unauthorized excavations, the destruction of stalactites and stalagmites.
The Taldinsky carcass array is a complex (landscaped) reserve. Officially registered geological monuments of nature are the Tavdinskaya Cave-1 (Big Taldinskaya) and Cave Tavdinskaya-2. Their profile is geomorphological. They are monuments of the nature of regional (edible) meanings. Their status was confirmed by the Decree of the Administration of the Altai Territory of April 13, 1998 No. 234 "On the monuments of the nature of the regional meaning in the territory of the Altai Territory". They were recorded in the State Committee on Environmental Protection of the Altai Territory on April 24, 1998, the monument passports were drawn up here Nature on April 24, 1998, defended commitments.
A permissible use of this monument to nature is tourism. On its territory and the security zone is prohibited:
1. Damage to the form of relief;
2. Reception of loose and rock breeds;
3. Damage and destruction of soil;
4. grazing of livestock;
5. Foresting of the forest and shrubs;
6. Waste placement.
The most visited tourists of the cave in the Tavdinsky Massier - Big Taldinskaya, the other is its name "Devicious Tears". It is a system of two grotts. The lower entrances to it are located in 70-80 meters from the road. The main gallery is quite spacious and gradually rises. The difference from the lowest entrance to the highest is 23 meters. At the last fortiest plot, in front of the highest entrance, the gallery, towering, twists the helix, overlapping its lower part and forming a ledge. The area of \u200b\u200bnature monuments is 0.2 hectares.
Tavdinskaya-2 cave It is located at an altitude of 100 meters from the sole of the Tavdin Mountain. Its length is 250 meters, the volume is 1200 m 3. The cave is dry and through, has five entrances, it is arcooked grotes, excess formations are missing. The area of \u200b\u200bnature monument is 9 hectares. Protected zone of geological monuments of nature 75 hectares.
Unique I. Tavdinskaya karst arch. It is a rare shape - the remainder of the creek tunnel or cave, which had the original type of a wide span - the bridge, and later the arches. The Tavdin arch is at an altitude of about 80 meters above the water level of the Katun River. The width of the cross-cutting hole arches ranges from 3 to 13 meters, height is from 3 to 5 meters. Arch arch, 5 meters thick, covered rare herbal vegetation and pines. Since 1996, it has the status of a nature monument.
Effective protection of the caves requires a regular survey and regulation of economic and excursion and tourist activities in their surroundings.
Snow on Kamchatka in the winter falls a lot. And in some places - catastrophically many, tens of meters deep. Multi-metering snow deposits are even a warm (with thermal heating) of the streams. In addition, these strata snow do not have time to melting for Kamchatka spring and sometimes even summer. And since some streams are very warm, because Heated by underground volcanoes, they are molded in snowy drifts quite passable for a person tunnels a few meters high. Through these tunnels can safely pass a person.
But it is necessary to be careful and attentive when the cave or tunnel ceiling becomes light, it means that the thickness of the snow is very small there that today, this ceiling will fall on the ground.
Snow grots, caves and tunnels in Kamchatka are found in different places, but it is very difficult to find in them the correct, secure input (or output).
Thick ceiling caves and tunnels - white, if it is painted bluish - this means that the sun pierces through thin snow.
Very nice snow in the tunnels is painted with different colors of the rainbow, if it is for lighting the way to light fires. Thanks to them, the tunnels become magical and colorful.
A curious world offers you to see the colorful and fascinating selection of photographs of snow tunnels and caves of Kamchatka. We wish you pleasant emotions and impressions!
Armenia is very beautiful land With ancient history, this is the first country of Christianity as a state religion. It is famous for the whole world with cognac, and its mineral springs are not worse than those in other parts of the world.
Armenian temples and churches are worried, causing a peace turquoise lake Sevman framed by mountains and bathing clouds smokes and admires, and vineyards, trees and bushes are kept under the sunny rays against the background of the royal magic Ararat.
Armenia talks about himself an incomparable melody, which "sings" a duduk, as if he had fulfilled the entire soul and wisdom of the Armenian people.
We present you one of the most mysterious and majestic places of Armenia, which are striking by their natural landscape, unique forms and make in themselves the centuries-old riddles that have yet to solve ...
Natural "umbrellas" in the Gorge of Unom
One of the wonders of Armenia is waterfalls in the gorge of the River Karcar. Next to the city of Shushi, the river forms the deepest gorge in the country, in a depth of 300-350 m.
At the bottom of the gorge, from the tributary of the river from the cliff hits a strong source, which is descending from the stone walls of the cave, flows into the river, forming an incredible cascade of waterfalls.
Over the centuries, water, water, with its mild current nourishes millions of algae, which cooked over the "Arches" of the caves, forming a natural phenomenon similar to their views of umbrellas.
The waterfall is called - Mamrot Car, but the locals nicknamed him - ovanoz, which means the umbrella in Russian.
Symphony of stones
Near the legendary temple of Garni, there is a Canyon of the Azat River, it represents an incredible natural monument.
His walls, as if carved by the hand of a person, are formed from basalt hexagons, reminding their kind of organ pipes, for which they received the name - symphony of stones.
These cliffs are rising from the bottom to the top of the gorge. The natural composition is also called the "rock symphony" or "basalt body".
Symphony of stones included in the list natural monuments and is protected by law.
Lake Sevan.
Decoration of the country - incredible lake Sevan is the largest of the highland, and the largest in the Transcaucasus. It is located in the heart of the mountains at an altitude of about 2000 m above sea level.
Water in it is transparent and clean. The ancient legends say that the gods and stars quenched out of it. Around the lake is located National Park Sevan.
In Sevan, many monuments of history, famous fortresses, old monastic complexes and cyclopic buildings of the Urthi period.
The monastery complex is especially interesting in the peninsula - 878.
Satan Bridge
In Armenia, there is also a unique monument of nature - Satani Camjw, or damn bridge. This natural miracle can be seen on the road leading from the village of Alidzor to the village of Tatev (according to him just passes the road Goris - Tatev).
This is a naturally educated bridge located over the Rotan River. Based on the bridge, on the banks of the river, many beautiful waterfallsdescending from the cliffs.
There were formed deepening, niches and even small caves. There are stalactites and small natural pools with mineral waterThe temperature of which is 25 ° C.
Mine rocks themselves mainly consist of yellowish and pink travertines, as well as from limestone, which is an simply fascinating picture of bright colors.
Akna Lich
Lake acne has vulcanic origins. It is located in the Hegaman Mountains, at an altitude of 3300 m above sea level and an area of \u200b\u200b0.5 m2. The lake is filled with spring waters. It is surrounded by volcanic cones and alpine meadows.
Water in the lake is fresh and clean. Sky and mountains are displayed in the lake. This lake is considered one of the most picturesque places Armenian nature.
Natural pyramids
The city of Goris is located in the wooded part of the Varak River. The neighborhood of the city is full of unusual structures: towers, castles, pyramids and caves. Old Goris is completely built from Karaalar (the house in the rocks), very similar to the pyramids.
Each such "Apartment" has a window, door and oven. Doors and windows are at an altitude of 4-5 meters from the ground. For the entrance to the apartment, people used wicker stairs. According to local, in the old town there were 700-800 such apartments. This locality will protect, like natural and historical value.
Lake Parz
Parz Lich (Arm. Parz - Transparent, Person Lake) is a small lake that is located high in the mountains of Armenia, near the city of Dilijan, on the forest slope of the ridge ridges of therajuni.
The lake is closely surrounded by dense forests and is considered one of the most beautiful places in the country. The maximum depth of the lake is only five meters, but the water in it is so clean that the lake was simply transparent or clear.
Bear Cave
This cave is also one of the natural wonders of Armenia, it is located in Vaiwz Dzor, not far from the city of Yerevan, near the monastic complex Noravank.
The temperature inside the cave does not change all year - +9 ° C. Huge cave rooms of karst origin, "lined with" all kinds of nodes (stalagmites, curtains, staples, stalactites of icorals) create a truly majestic picture.
The mysterious and fabulous view of the place attaches the underground lake and the cave river. And, of course, the underground siphon deserved special attention.
Casane Waterfall
Casane Falls - the highest in Armenia. Its height is 70 meters, and it is located on the Kasak River in the Aragatsotn region.
Once the powerful lava flows covered a lot of river beds, and although some rivers managed to still preserve the flow under the earth's surface, but most of them were unable to resist the stone elements. Including the ancient watercourses whose channel is located in the thickness of volcanic rocks. It passes around the perimeter of the modern river Kasas and is called Paleokasha.
Burned his strong lava streams became waterproof, from here and there was a new surface casch. The revived river gave a 90-kilometer canyon, and now the Spirit is captured from this priority beauty: this is so visible to the fancy relief, grottoes and mountain caves.
Water Kasakh, breaking up of the thresholds, falls into a deep gorge with noise, thereby forming the Kasanese waterfall.
Lake Tsakhkunyats
Tsakhkunyats - that's mountain LakeLocated in the middle part of the Tsakhkunyatz Ridge, at an altitude of 2450 meters above sea level. It has only rain nutrition, and in winter it covers ice.
Lake Although small, but very beautiful and fabulous, it is surrounded by picturesque mountains and meadows.
Shakysky waterfall
The Shaki River is a small influx of a stormy pull, and its length is only 18 km, but in defencing, it forms an amazing beauty of a waterfall, which is the natural attraction of Armenia.
The waterfall is perfectly combined with the type of Paleolithic caves located nearby. The territory of Shakinsky waterfall is called "archaeological storehouse", since in this place there are several unique grotts, in which primitive people lived.
River Araks.
Araks - Samea large river In Armenian Highlands (995 km long). The course of Araks is very strong in particular during the spring seals, when it comes out of the banks, thereby washing off sowing and destroying bridges. But she sat down their shores moisture, forming lush gardens on them.
Large fertility is marked by orstal applications, which, for many centuries, the river covered most of the Ararat Plain.
Mount Ararat
And in conclusion I would like to tell about the famous Ararat - the symbol of Armenia. Nature obviously did not pose, creating this miracle endowed with an incredible force and spirit.
Ararat (in Armenian Masis) is a volcanic array that consists of two extinct volcanoes: Small Ararat and Big Ararat. This splendor of nature perfectly displays the majesty and history of the country.
Ararat is covered with eternal snow and his fantastic look just fascinates.
For Armenians, this mountain is considered sacred. According to biblical sources, it was to his top naev the ark.
Cave swallows (Iz. Sótano de las Golondrinas, English Cave of Swallows) - Karst origin in Mexico, in San Luis Potosi. The form is an expanding cone-shaped (or bottled) Cars of failure.
The opening of the cave of swallows on the surface of the Earth has an elipeth form (in terms of the round, as it is located on the slope) and has dimensions 49 by 62 meters, the depth of failure from 333 to 376 meters (the hole on the surface is located on the slope).
Especially after the rainy season there are faster water, but now it was only in August that we could go a little. The river has relatively large waterfalls at a relatively short plot, creating "swimming pools" in which you can relax. This can be done on your own by car or even by bus from Ciudad Valsa, which will take you from the road right away at the entrance. You will save a lot, because you will find a variety of certified guides by the river that offer this experience for 150 pesos.
We were not shy, wearing mandatory vests and helmets, and they were already climbed the stairs to get to the start of the route. On the initial waterfall, we made a couple of test jumps from the cliff with a height of 2 and 4 meters to prepare for the highest cascades and go on a journey through water. The first small adrenaline was a search big waterfall. The water burst and hid the eyes when I was unpleasant, but for a moment we were behind the white curtain under the rock, where the water flowed. Then we just let him drift.
On the bottom has an elongated uniform close to oval with one almost even side. The volume of space is estimated at 33110 m³. The bottom and passages on deeper levels that probably exist while weakly studied.
A narrow pedestrian pathway and the dirt road can be driving only SUVs to the cave of swallows.
The first 4-meter waterfall is a test, technique, so we know how to jump and jump. Of course, we repeated it from the world twice. Then he went smoothly, mainly due to the vest. We again and again threw a towel towel, paid, gave a guide with a dagger and quickly burned to the south, to Tunza Tancin to get to the boat to Tamul waterfall. They told us that at this hour no one would be able to take us anymore and that the cost of the boat is 600 pesos, regardless of the number of people, but we did not allow it to be disappointed, and we came out.
Especially do not let the "directed" local conductors directly in the village that you are parked and go with them. It is far from the village! You can meet such people on this path, but you can get to the car where you can go. At first we wanted to join the group, but most of them were quite a lot, and they dropped out of the "losers". Finally, the grandfather addressed us, who offered us his services. The contract ended at 300 pesos to the satisfaction of both sides, and we came out with our own boat on the river.
Its dimensions are such that it can be easily placed by the famous New York Skyscrain Chrysler-Building.
The cave of swallows was known to people who inhabited this area from ancient times. The first documentary research was produced on December 27, 1966.
In recent years, has become a favorite place of besjumpers.
It took part of the filming of the film "Sanctum".
The journey was really infinite, and we had nothing to do, it was raining. We were confident in the waterproof camera of the world, at least on this moment. Tamul Waterfall, which measures one hundred meters in height and about 300 meters wide, unfortunately, can not approach the boat to ensure safety, so we basically saw only part of this giant. But if you ever have the opportunity to get here, you can buy skiingTo enjoy the waterfall.
In the morning we got up at five o'clock because we recommend local residents To break on time to avoid swallows Sotano de Las Goloundarinas. This cave is a depth of about 400 meters in a free fall is one of the largest "holes" in the world and is considered the most beautiful. This karst formation was created by aquatic erosion in a limestone crack. A typical feature is the diameter of the cave, which extends deeper in the direction. As a regular observer, you see only a round hole with a diameter of about 60 meters.
The Spanish cave name comes from the Mexican swallow name - Golondrinas. However, it is inhabited by her haircuts of a black strife and a parrot of the type of Mexican Aratage.
Flora and Fauna Cave Swallows
In the morning, the flocks of birds fly the spirals, gaining a height until the exit from it is reached. In the evenings, the haircuts return to back, and they dive with flocks of several dozen individuals until they reach the level of their nesting in it. Observation of the behavior of birds has become one of the favorite activities of tourists visiting the entrance to it.
When you dare to get closer, and volunteers who provide you with a rescue rope, you lean to the edge, staying in amazement, because it is deep. Previously, the parachutists were joined. Especially thanks to the average 300-meter scaling bottom, it was safe, but not for swallows, which remained in the cave, so this activity was not allowed, and now you can post the bottom for big money.
Our uast-knowledge has not yet been completed. In total, surrealistic buildings were built in the rainforest on the square of 32 hectares, which flows through the clean river and forms cascades and natural pools. These are incredible structures that often do not end and do not begin.
The cave of swallows is also quite densely populated insects and snakes. because of large number Guano on the floor of the cave, evaporation, the presence of a large number of bacteria in the air, and on the walls of fungi and mold.
Poam floor is covered by the excrement of millions of birds. These excrement, rainwater, and ruins from the surface - the basis of food of numerous animals on the floor of the cave. There are multicacies and insects, snakes and scorpions. The air is filled with smells, mushrooms and bacteria. You can stay on the bottom without a breath mask, but speleologists who want to explore long-range corners must bring with them extra equipment.
In this garden, you can walk all day, and you are not lucky. He began to explore Mexico, and, along the way in Huastse, he was deeply interested in the orchids that were growing here. Rain, through which the river flowed, attracted him so much that he decided to dock and create a paradise there. He began to grow more orchids and exotic plants, creating terraces and fences for animals, which he cared. He had a lot of exotic birds, deer, small steel, turtles, touca, ducks, flamingos and many others.
It awakened in the idea of \u200b\u200bJames, who became the beginning of magnificent buildings that we can see today. The idea of \u200b\u200bthis project was to create forms that would fit into natural landscapes of the rainforest, create something as majestic and charming as his orchids, not destroying anything.
To protect nature, the cave of swallows and its unique ecosystem, researchers agreed to use only one point for descent. This place is equipped with bolts for rope. Another point is the time of the day, the birds fly out in the morning and fly in the evening. Researchers and, especially, basejampers should not disturb peace at this time of the day.
An integral part of this project was his friends and artists Plutarch Gastlum, who appeared as an administrator for the construction of buildings, and Don José Agilar Kamacho, who created wooden molds for casting concrete, which later recognized the critical work for their traditional processing. So, when you pass through this amazing garden, you can see orchids, bowls of different colors, forms that resemble mixing flamingos, bamboo clusters, stairs to the sky and many other formations that allow you to work with your imagination.
In depth, this is the 2nd deepest place in Mexico, and the 11th is the deepest in the world. It is the depth that attracts many tourists and especially lovers of such extreme sports as a basejumping (jumping with a parachute with any hills).
Giant beauties opened due to mining
In the gallery you can find many other photos. In the Mexican semi-desert, approximately 100 kilometers south-east of Chihuahua, there are Mountain Mountains. It literally intertwined with a network of cracks and natural caves. Cracks in the mountains, once in the depths of the earth, penetrated the surface of mineral mineral sources. Water was cooled upwards, which led to precipitation and crystallization of minerals. Stone cavities filled out ores rich in silver, lead and zinc. These metals were also mined, and some mines are still exploited.
A man without a parachute would fall about 12 seconds, from the top to her bottom. As a result, many extremal enthusiasts take a challenge to jump from the edge.
A case was also registered when a medium-sized balloon spent from the bottom of the cave through the 45-meter input.
The cave of swallows is also a popular place for experienced speleologists. The descent to the bottom can take 20 minutes. Go down in the rope. But the way back is the real challenge to your forces!
The researcher should rise up through the only rope using clips, which is very tedious. This is at least 40 minutes of huge tension, even for extremely trained researchers this is a serious test. And for normal, physically trained people, the path takes about two hours.
There is also a psychological moment here: the height is not the only problem, the width makes it much easier and it looks less than it is in reality. Our brain cannot accurately estimate real distances. Therefore, the climber makes it hard to work without any visible promotion.
In the cave of swallows, many gentle slopes and stepped transitions. So descend, and even more so to increase the slopes - a difficult task.
Ingenious creations of nature you can admire infinitely. One of these amazing places is Cave swallows. It is located in the Mexican state of San Luis-Potosi and is considered the deepest cave in Mexico.
Before the cave swallows can be reached by bus from Mexico City or Monterey for about 5 hours. The cost of the bus ticket is about 30 dollars.
You can get to the cave in the dirt road, which can drive only SUVs.
When we first saw the cave, she seemed not too big for us. But in fact she is just a huge. In the form of the cave, a gigantic bottle is reminded: the vertical "neck" with a diameter of 55 meters is expanding to 140-160 meters. Its depth is entire 376 meters! For comparison, one of the New York skyscrapers can be hidden into it.
People who inhabited this area were known about the existence of the cave, but the first documentary studies were produced here only in December 1966.
In the cave of swallows, many colonies are inhabited not only swallows, but also other birds, including parrots.
In the morning, millions of birds fly out of the cave and rapidly rise to the sky. And with the occurrence of the evening, it is possible to watch the birds return to the cave and the stone fell inside. This is a very impressive and unforgettable spectacle - to look like birds, like stones, fall right into the abyss of the caves and stop near their nests.
You can go down inside the cave using climbing equipment or parachute. Near the cave equipped a special platform for fastening equipment. The descent in the cave with a parachute takes only about 10-15 seconds. In order not to disturb the usual life of birds, as well as for the safety of people, the descents are allowed strictly from 12 to 16 hours, at this time the birds fly away to fade.
Jump or go down the cave - it's one thing, but you go upstairs on a practically a sheer wall - quite another. The path is on average takes a couple of hours and requires excellent physical training.
In the cave itself is pretty cool. The vegetation is only near the entrance to it. After heavy rains, the streams appear, which cascades are poured into the cave. Inside the cave, in addition to birds, there is a lot of other than any living nature: various insects, including scorpions, snakes. So inside you need to be extremely attentive.
It smells inside, to gently say, not very. The air is filled with smells of rotting and mold, so long to be in the cave without oxygen equipment or special filters is not only unpleasant, but also dangerous.
At the bottom of the cave lies a thick layer of stones and bird litter. The bottom is located under a slope and has many small tunnels and splits leading to lower levels. Now they have not yet been studied by scientists.
It is noteworthy that here there was a part of the filming of the famous film Sanctum.
The size of the cave is really impressive. For descent and subsequent lifting, the top is needed good physical (repeat) and moral training. If you doubt your abilities, you can not descend down, but simply to look at the huge flocks of birds returning to our nests.
- Karl Walter Klaus Karsthens (it. Karl Walter Claus Carstens; December 14, 1914, Bremen, - May 30, 1992, Meckenheim, North Rhine-Westphalia) - German conservative politician and statesman, prominent XDS figure.
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