Royal Mile Edinburgh. Royal Mile in Edinburgh, Scotland European City with Royal Mile

In Scotland, all its own: crown, parliament, money *, language and even their lengths of length. Scottish mile is longer English for as many as 200 meters and is a little more than 1,800 meters. It is so much that the road occupies from Edinburgh Castle to the Holurodsky Palace. This is the royal mile (Royal Mile). It consists of four streets flowing on each other:

Castlehill (Castlehill) is the shortest of four - leads from the castle to the hub. It contains the camera-obscura and the Scottish Temka Museum.
Lonmarket (LawnMarket) runs from a hub to a banner street. In the photo below we see her all.
High Street (High Street) partially pedestrian.
Kenongate (CanonGate) is the most modest of four.

NB. If you are fine with English, I recommend downloading.

In the photo at the top: view of a hub with a banner street. On the horizon you can see yellow arrow cranes near the castle. Hub - the former church of St. John - is now a venue for Edinburgh international Festival.

In the photo at the top: Multi-storey house at Longmarket.

From the main streets, a bunch of branches, which lead to courtyards and hidden squares, and sometimes on neighboring streets. Such passages are called "Close". One of them is in this house and leads to a very interesting courtyard.

On the contrary, Gladstone "S Land is an apartment building of the XVII century.

In the photo at the top: Entrance to Gladstone "S Land. Over the signboard is clearly seen of a gold-plated copper hawk with a rat in claws. In knowledge there is a gift shop, a museum and an art gallery.

In the photo at the top: inner courtyard. Here is a museum dedicated to three great Scottish writers, whose names know the whole world: Walter Scott, Robert Stevenson and Robert Burns.

Naply back to the Lonmarket, pay attention to the black and white pub with a bandit on the signboard.

In the photo at the top: Pub, named by William Brodi, respectable merchant and Diacon (President) of the Corporation, which in the afternoon looked at the Honorable Mr., and at night I dealt. His story was based on Robert Stevenson's novel " Strange story Dr. Jekyla and Mr. Heyda. "

In fact, the history of Edinburgh is full of dark personalities and dubious acts. It is said that Edinburgh is a place in which there is plenty of ghost. Perhaps these stories are Edinburgh only taking tourists, and perhaps everything is. I did not meet any ghost. However, I did not go to the excursions to the dark places, and the independent visit to the Greyfriars Kirkyard cemetery was quite peaceful for me.

At this intersection, Lonmarket ends and High Street begins, in my opinion, the most beautiful part of the royal mile.

In the photo on the left: Saint-Giles, in the photo on the right: Tron Kirk.

Do not forget to look into the passages. Of particular interest deserves Advocates Close and Anchor Close. From the first one opens a beautiful view of the monument of Scott, and the second is associated with the life of the poet Rothert Burns. If you are interested in the Dark Past of Edinburgh, look at the Real Mary King "S Close.

At the corner of High Street and Bank Street there is a building of the Supreme Court. There I found a cheriathrik, dressed in Kilt:

NB. In the Scottish court, the accused can receive one of the three verdicts: "guilty", "innocent" and "not proven". According to the law, the verdict "has not been proven" is justification, although it is made in whose fault the court does not doubt, but cannot prove it. It was this verdict that David Tennant's hero was received in the mini-series "The Escape Artist".

In the photo at the top: Saint-Giles, the underground chandelier in the cathedral and the animal on the monument in front of the cathedral.

Leaving the cathedral, pay attention to the bridge.

In the photo at the top: Middotian's heart laid out by granite mosaic notes the location of the former prison old Tombut demolished in 1817.

With the heart of Midlotian, one strange tradition is connected: they spit on him. Visitors - in order to accurately return to Edindirg, local - to find good luck. In fact, people were spoiled to this place to express contempt for prison.

In the photo at the top: Merkat-Cross - the symbol of power, the official center of the city. At the top installed the sculpture of the royal unicorn.

At the monument to Adam Smith, the Arches City Chambers are visible. Unfortunately, I found this place during the rocconus, so it was not to admire that. Judging by the photo on the right (by Chris Merroll), the building is quite interesting. Boldly go under the arches and find the prints of the palms of laureates Edinburgh Award:

In the photo at the top: in the upper right corner of the handprints of J. K. Rowling.

In the photo at the top: High Street.

This part of the street is pedestrian. Around many cafes and shops, mostly, of course designed for tourists. I was not kept and bought myself a ring with a drawer of the thistle: Nemo Me Impune Lacessit! **

In the photo at the top: on the right with lattice windows - the house of John Noks, built in 1490.

Ends (actually begins, for exactly the opposite is the house number one) High Street Pub with the speaker name "The World" S End "-" End of Light ".

In the photo at the top: Pub "The World" s End ".

Somewhere between John Nox's house and the "end of the world", I came across a caricature drawn on a sheet A3 and put in a showcase of a small shop. Near the chair sat colorful uncle in Kilt.

Further to the Holyrodsky Palace, we are satisfied with narrow caganongate. It has a couple of schools in ancient buildings, Kenongeit Church and the Museum of the People's History of Edinburgh, but in general it is much less attractive than High Street or Lonmarket.

In the photo at the top: Monument to Poet Robert Fergusonu from the Kenongy Church.

Pretty soon to the right you will see modern building The Parliament of Scotland, the construction of which was in a penny. On top it looks funny, but when you are near, then there is no beauty and nomin. The panels, "decorating" building, cause a mass of disputes. Some see them anvil, some hair dryers, I looked at the pistols. The architect's widow stated that these are curtains.

In general, it is better to ignore this miracle of the collapsed architectural thought and go to the operating residence of the Queen - the Holyur Palace:

In the photo at the top: Holyroy Palace.

The royal mile can be cheerful in 20 minutes, but if you poke your curious nose in each interesting place, attend museum exposures and indulge yourself with gifts, then half a day can take it on its inspection. If you go out to learn the pubs of Edinburgh, then ... :)

In any case, successful you hunt!

* Three Scottish banks have the right to issue their own banknotes. It is pounds sterling and they can be paid at any point of the UK, but they have their own design.

In the photo at the top: Edinburgh on a banknote in £ 10.

** No one touches me with impunity (Lat.) - Scottish royal motto.

Royal Mile (The Royal Mile Street) - Edinburgh District between Edinburgh Castle and Royal Residence Holyrore House. It is often called the street, but in essence these are four parallel streets with a lot of branches, alleys and impasses. The length of the royal mile is about one Scottish mile, which is equal to 1800 meters - that is, 200 meters longer than traditional English.

Royal Mile - part of the old city, which was built in the Middle Ages. The medieval Edinburgh was an unattractive and dirty place, terrible antisanitation reigned on the streets of the Royal Mile, there was no sewage, in deadlocks and alleys diluted with cattle, and so many people were crowded in close wooden buildings that there were no free space in the rooms. In 1644, Edinburgh struck the plague epidemic that forced the authorities to go to extreme measures: one of the quarters in this part of the city was completely blocked so that the disease does not apply. No one was able to go out, all residents of the quarter died. They say since the streets of the royal mile are roaming ghosts.

Under modern bridges are the most medieval streets. Late time buildings, starting from the XVIII century, built right on top of the old city. The "locked" quarter, later named after the owner of most buildings Mary King, lies under the picturesque streets of the Edinburgh Center. Tourists are offered to descend down to an unusual excursion in ancient city Plague in which there is no light left. Dark tunnels are lit by dim light bulbs, wooden doors of old houses lead to cool raw rooms, where wine cellar, stoves, buffets have been preserved.

Modern royal mile is more friendly and busy. It takes four main streets - Castlehill, Longmarket, High Street and Canongate. Streets, on medieval tradition, rather winding, with narrow bridges, they often branched and intersect with other streets.

The Scottish Heritage Center whiskey, the headquarters of the Edinburgh International Festival called Hub in the former building of the Cathedral and the Museum of Illusions are located on Castlagl. Lonmarket is a street of souvenir shops and shops, which sell woolen things, checkered Scottish plaids, kilts. Previously, there was a linen market.

High Street - the center of the cultural and public life of the city, where artists and street musicians are going to have dressed in national kilts. It has the buildings of the Old Parliament of Scotland and St. Giles Cathedral, near which the heart was laid on the pavement. It is called the "Middle Name Heart", tourists spit in it to return to Edinburgh again. The origin of this custom already has few people remember: before the prison was here, and when she was demolished, local residents They spoiled to this place as a sign of contempt for the authorities. Outdoor Kenong is located the Museum of the People's History of Edinburgh and the Kenong Church.

It is only part of all the attractions of the Royal Mile. Walking through her streets, you can see the monument to Adam Smith, the Cathedral of St. Egidia, the John Nash Museum, the Museum of Childhood, the prints of the laureates of the Edinburgh Award premium (including the British writer Joan Rowling).

The royal mile is beautiful in the evenings illuminated by lanterns. Modern illumination does not disturb the medieval atmosphere of the Old Town. Night excursions on Dark Lane, church cemeteries and royal mile yards are no less popular than daytime walks.

Royal Mile

The old town approaches the foot of the castle walls. From the castle gate begins his main street, which runs on the ridge of the ridge to royal Palace Holyrr. In Scotland, the main streets are called "high". In Edinburgh, one of the segments of the road from the castle to the Holiruda also carries this name, and the whole path was called the royal mile, which is used now.

Initially, in the Middle Ages, the royal mile consisted of two parts. Top pulled to the castle. Her center was the Church of St. Giles, the stone crown of which and today is an integral decoration of the silhouette of Edinburgh. This upper part of the Royal Mile treated Edinburgh's actual. The lower part of the royal mile was named Canongate, that is, the street of canonikov monks. Today it leads directly to the gate of the Palace Holyrr, and its name reminds that the palace has grown in close proximity to the same name by Augustinian abbey.

In the old town, everything is full of originality. And although now there is some homes that built more than three hundred years ago, the development principle itself remained the same, and the city retained its medieval topography. Moreover, carefully saving the memory of his historical past, Edinburghs often celebrate special bars mounted in the bridge, those places where they had not previously stood the construction of historical significance.

If you appeal to the early plans of Edinburgh, it will seem that the old city resembles a melt skeleton of some fantastic being with an incredible number of ribs. From the main street, the royal mile, the narrow lanes descending from the slopes of the ridge is branched. In Edinburgh they are called "clowzesis" - deadlocks. In the depths of each of them there were foundation. Later, these narrow deadlocks became passages through the "lands" - "Landz", that is, the land plots that were built on the houses. The names of "clowzez" and "Landz" have been preserved to the present day. The latter means not only the land plot, but also standing on it the building. The system of such layout of the city has developed in the XIV century, during Bruce. Then about two thousand people lived in the city. Until this time, Edinburgh was simply the accumulation of dwellings at the foot of the castle.

The old town had a very limited area for construction. He is to the castle, looking for protection. It was not once shared by the belts of the walls, who hindered his growth of Washir. And yet in the XV century, when Edinburgh became the capital, on the slopes of the ridge, the gardens were still at home. However, after a terrible lesion in Flodden in Northumbria in 1513, when the king of Yakov IV and the "whole color of the Scottish Nation" died in battle, the city was urgently acquired by the wall, called the Flodden region, for which they were afraid to endure over the next two and a half centuries building. And the population of meanwhile grew. By the middle of the XVIII century, Edinburgh had about sixty thousand inhabitants. The city was built on very closely, and at home in still and alleys grew higher and higher. Some of them achieved heights of seven-eight floors. There were even ten-storey buildings, and in some cases even higher. The rich lived in the lower floors, the poor settled in the upper. The old town on the ridge was similar not to the English, spread on a large area of \u200b\u200blow-rise cities, but rather on the city of continental. Much in it resembled old Paris. And not only the conditions for the growth of the city, limited by the walls, but also the long-standing links of the Scottish courtyard with France, including contacts in the field of culture, were sources of such similarities. It is known, for example, that the royal construction workshops were focused on French tastes. In general, outside the circles associated with the courtyard, the National Architecture of Scotland was not affected by French influences, but they still manifested themselves in the city, especially Edinburgh architecture. To have an urban house, in addition to the country residence, was considered mandatory for those who were looking for a courtyard. The one who provided the yard services shared so to show his proximity to him, of course, following the court tastes.

Among the various types of urban houses, the traditional, continental nature of the building was often met, with a narrow facade, which went outside, with high rods of roofs, with a lot of different buildings in the depths of the facade.

In the XIX century, when Edinburgh knows most of its majority in the new city grown by that time, old Edinburgh Because of decay. Multi-storey houses, in which previously lived and rich, became a shelter only the poor, the city on the rock gradually acquired a fading character. In 1878, the first large clearing of dark and dirty streets was undertaken. Many old houses demolished by replacing them with new ones, but not particularly improved position in the city: the so-called Victorian era - the time of the long reign of Queen Victoria - was noted by the creation of rare large number Uncomfortable, gloomy and faceless residential buildings. After clearing there are a lot of wasterees, especially on Kanongit Street. The unsanitary conditions continued to exist in the 20th century. Only in the post-war years according to the reconstruction plan and the further development of Edinburgh, serious attention was paid to bringing in order of the Old Town.

To see the royal mile, where a particularly much resembles the historical past of Edinburgh, it is better to go from the castle down, to the Palace Holyrr. Attractions of the Royal Mile are very different: these are small museums, historical buildings and memorial places or simply separate monuments that resemble some fact or event.

Esplanade in front of the castle is the first segment of the royal mile. The feeling of a man coming out of the castle on Esplanada can be compared with the one that you experience when the metro wagon breaks out of the underground tunnel to the light and the expanse of the ground line, in order to dive into a narrow tunnel tunnel again in a minute. You leave the castle, going under low drives of the garment towers along a narrow, stony dark road, sandwiched between the walls. Step - And now the eyes of the bright sun are already blind, and the fresh Edinburgh wind is ready to pick up you to carry you on the wide stroy of Esplanada, press the barrier enclosing it, followed by a steep break. The southern quarters of the Old Town lie far below. Gressmarket is guessed in the cholerars of the Green - the former market and one of the memorable places of the Old Town, the Witness of the Events, which was so much in the life of medieval Edinburgh. A little bit is well distinguishable a large building with turrets. This is the so-called Heriot School, a building built with charitable goals in the 20s of the XVII century Jewelry Jordem Heriotom, and at the same time - one of the most interesting architectural monuments Edinburgh.

To the left of the esplanade, the quarters of the new city are visible with his beautiful princes Street Street.

"Witch" source at Esplanade in front of the Edinburgh Castle

Standing on Esplanade, not everyone, however, can guess that at this time he is on Earth, Edinburgh not belonging to. It turns out that in the XVII century, the King of Yakov I donated a part of the territory of Esplanada Barona of New Scotland (Canada). Decree never canceled. Thus, oddly enough, by the letter of the law, part of the Earth, located in the very center of the city, does not belong to the city. Memorial board on Esplanade, in the place where there was a lifting bridge before, reminds of this curious fact.

The opposite edge of Esplanade has an oldest city source of drinking water. Others originated from it, the sources dressed as a stone in ancient times. They are located all over the royal mile. There was no time for them were gathered by waterpashers, dreamed of water at home. The source of Esplania was called "Witch". The stone slab, fortified over him, is the memory that even three years ago, women accused of witchcraft burned here. And it happened in the city, where a typography has already existed since the XVI century, and the typography itself was literally two steps from the "Witch" source!

The royal mile turns into an empty and cool street, called Castle Hill - Castle Hill. The first building standing on the left side of the street is considerable interest. In Edinburgh, it is known as the Ferris Tower. The camera-obscure camera mounted on its roof discards images of houses and surroundings on a white curved table in the top floor room. The initiator and creator of the Ferris Tower was Sir Patrick Geddes (1854-1932) - a bright and peculiar figure in the history of Scottish culture of the late XIX - early XX century. During the ultimate loss of Scotland, its independence and deep crisis of Scottish culture Patrick Geddez, standing in one row with such major figures, as architect Makintosh and the artist Mac Taggart, stands for the renewal and independence of Culture of Scotland. Heddes's house on Kasle Hill Street, built by him on its own project, became the place of meetings of Scottish artists and writers. Heddes himself issued a review on the issues of Scottish culture and called the "unwanning wreath", which was emphasized by the continuity of Scottish traditions: the same name was a collection of poems of the first major poet of Scotia XVIII century Alan Ramzi. The direct profession of Geddes was Botany. However, it is known mainly as an enlightener. Having takenge the history of the city planning, Geddes collected a whole collection of paintings, cards and charts telling about Edinburgh, and considered it necessary to give them an explanation for everyone who came to his "Museum". In order to instill its compatriots, interest in the study of the native land, Geddes lined up and the Ferris Tower.

The king mile traveling will not be able to not notice the huge building of the Church of St. John, who previously belonged to the former Edinburgh Town Hall. In the old Edinburgh, the town hall was called the word "Tolbut", and this church is known in Edinburgh as the Tombut Saint John, unlike the other, the same name, the church at the end of princes Street. The building built in the XIX century in the spirit of the Gothic architecture is Hilles Graham, draws attention to its seventieth spire. This is the most high Point Edinburgh.

Church of St. Jailz.

From the church Tombut Saint John begins the next segment of the royal mile, which is the name of the Lonemarket.

Once on this street was located with their trays fabric traders. And at the beginning of the XVIII century, she became a place where the artists, writers settled. Restoration work carried out in recent years, allow you to see and appreciate some of the most remarkable buildings here. In architectural terms, Gladstone-Land is of particular interest, a multi-storey dark building with a narrow facade, topped with a narrow facade, is typical of the old Edinburgh. The main entrance The building is on the second floor, and there is an outdoor staircase. Loggias are preserved in the first floor, very characteristic of the buildings of Old Edinburgh; Due to such open galleries, the width of the narrow streets of the Old Town increased.

"Crown" of the Church of St. Giles

In all Edinburgh, this is the only example of an architectural solution, so characteristic of the old city in the past. A number of buildings have a memorial value. So, in the recently restored House of Ridl-clow, the famous Scottish historian and Philosopher David Yum wrote his glorified "history of England." In the house of Baxx-clow, nearby Gladstone Land, in 1786 Robert Burns lived. Other homes on Lonemarket are associated with well-known literary works. For example, the house called Bruday Land is associated with the story of R. Stevenson "Dr. Jackiel and Mr. Heyd". It is believed that in this house in the XVIII century, the Dean of BRODAULI, a day, the honorable town dweller, at night - a robber who served as a prototype for the main images of the said work of Stevenson. Nearby is an old building (1622), which is the name of its owner Lady Stearz. Here since 1907 there is an exhibition of materials on the history of Edinburgh. A collection of exhibits associated with the name Robert Berns is particularly significant.

Not far from the house of Lady Stearz Royal Mile intersects the Bridge of George IV, and a little bit away - the South Bridge. True, they are unlike the bridges - it's just streets. The Bridge of George IV is even considered one of the most advanced streets of Europe: it is equipped with special electrical equipment for casting out intake in winter. The bridges are called because they connect the mountain ridges on which Edinburgh lies. Immediately, the most important part of the Royal Mile begins behind the Bridge of George IV - high street. Here, between the Bridge of George IV and the South Bridge, there is a Parliament Square, which arose near one of the oldest buildings of Edinburgh, his main Church of St. Giles, sometimes called the cathedral. Already from Esplanada, this black and gray rod-church is clearly visible, crowned with a mighty stone "crown". From time immemorial, it was at this place that the churches were built, which wearing the same name and destroyed by the fires, then military raids, then later restructures. The current church mainly refers to the XIV-XV centuries. It is known that for about 1120 there was a stone church of St. Giles. It has been preserved a little - eight-marched support pillars, on which the tower is resting, built already at the end of the XV - early XVI century and reached us in its original form. The "Crown", the wedding tower and formed by the eighth Arkbutans, replaces the traditional spire of gothic cathedrals, which is specific to the national forms of Scottish Gothic. It is the originality and beauty of her outlines to determine unique look Total buildings. At the same time, seeing many seats of Edinburgh, this "crown" plays a significant role in the silhouette of the city.

Three-foot in the plan, with two strongly speaking tests, the Church of St. Jylz is perceived as a mighty, monolithic mass. The tower under the crown, located in the center of the building, as it would collect all of his parts together, the more characteristic of the Gothic Cathedrals of the Tower, flanking the Western facade, are missing here. Unfortunately, the church was strongly spoiled by the restorations of the XIX century. Recycled the surface of the walls, replaced the details of the finish. Niche appeared on the facade, in which the sculpture was not supplied. Fortunately, the funds for the "improvement" of the building were exhausted before they began to restore the "crown" and the tower where the genuine medieval laying was preserved. The interior of St. Jylz is mainly preserved, with its mighty support pillars, carrying complex stone ribbed vaults. This interior, broken down by the bright old banners of the Scottish regiments, makes a big impression.

"Middle Lotian heart"

Initially, the church was designed for lush Catholic worship with solemn, according to rite, processions. But after the Reformation, when such a large space became only to interfere with the preaching of the Protestant pastor, the oil was blown by deaf walls into several compartments. In the second half of the XVI century, two different churches were located in St. Jailz. One of them was the Church of the Town Hall of the Old Edinburgh. It was from her department who uttered his fiery sermons John Knox, head of reformation in Scotland. In a huge building, there was enough space for school, office office, courthouse, prisons, pantry for the gallop and a factor workshop. Later, these institutions were transferred to other buildings, and two more churches took their place. Thus, four churches existed under the roof of St. Giles until 1832, by 1883 there were only three of them, and then the building was freed from the partitions and the face was returned to the interior close to the original.

Passage

Memorial plates, which are a lot on the walls and even on the floor in St. Giles, talk about events here. One of them is very curious. It reminds of the huge indignation, which caused Karl I in Protestant Scotland with the help of an archbishop of a log to put alien to the Scots Catholic consension. Reading in St. Giles in 1637 the first sermons for the new, introduced Lodan prayer, close to the Catholic, caused a riot. A parishioner Janet Geddez threw a stool on which she was sitting in the head of the priest, which was given an example with the rest of the parishioners. The dinner was torn. Bishop Edinburgh turned to a shaded flight. The place from which the stool was thrown, marked by a memorial sign. A priest as the first and the last person who committed worship in a new prayer room in this cathedral was also awarded a separate plate.

AT medieval city The cathedral was always the center of public life. On the British islands The cathedral, as a rule, was hoisted by the cross, who had a royal decrees, were trading deals. Here the townspeople were going to watch various spectacles, both festive, fun, and cruel, hung the fear of the scene of executions. On the roadway of a high street, the Wall of St. Giles, marked the place where such a cross was. The old cross ceased to exist in 1759 and in the XIX century was replaced by a new one standing nearby and this. And as before, on a centuries-old tradition, it is from this place that the citizens proclaim important decrees.

Next to St. Giles was the old Edinburgh prison, entered the story called the old Tombut. Walter Scott describes it in the novel "The Heart of the Middle Lotian." As already mentioned, the word "Tombut" in Scotland denote the Town Hall, and the old tombout originally performed this role. Sometimes, in the XVII century, the Scottish Parliament gathered in it. But in the XVIII century, the building was purely prison, which is not so strange, if we consider that in the town hall there was usually a prison. In 1817, the prison was demolished. But where she stood, near the entrance to St. Giles on a pavement, a large paving ladded drawing in the form of a heart. The gloomy memories of the old Tolbut, as a symbol of captivity and oppression, have been preserved until now and turned into a kind of tradition: passing by the "heart of the middle leothian", the superstitious Scotman will never forget to spit at the place where the old tomb is once stood.

National Library of Scotland. Upper Hall

In the 30s of the XVII century, a parliamentary building, parliamentary house was built next to St. Giles, and the Parliament Square arose. It is very small: in the city, surrounded by the walls, a place for the building, not to mention the area, it was possible to carve out only with great difficulty. To get to her with a high street, you need to cross the narrow passage between St. Giles and the wall of the parliament building. In the midst of this space, facing the Parliament Square, there is an equestrian monument of Charles II. Finished in 1685, he is the oldest sculptural monument of Edinburgh. Until recently, nearby could be seen in the bridge with the initials I. K. (Lohannes Knox) \u200b\u200band the date of 1572. So the grave of the leader of the Scottish Reformation of John Noks was noted. Today, the memorial inscription is transferred to the outer wall of the Saint Giles church, where John Nox has repeatedly opposed his sermons. Such a strange arrangement of the grave is explained only by the fact that in order to create the area of \u200b\u200bparliament, it was necessary to compare the cemetery with St. Giles, on which John Knox was buried.

The Parliament Building, begun in 1632 and completed by 1640, did not reach this day. It was a building with high turrets, like those that now can be seen in the Edinburgh School of Heriot. At the beginning of the XIX century, the architect Reed began his restructuring, and since 1829 it received that magnificent facade, designed by ionic columns, which exists and is still. Just closingly closingly, you can detect several old turrets on the roof. Fortunately, the most significant part of the old building was preserved in architecturally - a parliamentary hall, directly intended for meetings of parliament. As such public spaces in the British Islands, the Hall is famous for wooden floors, in shape resembling the vehicle cozer, turned upside down. Parliament was collected in it until 1707, that is, before the joining of Scotland to England.

Church "Ulemona"

With the restructuring of the 1820s, the parliamentary Hall was included in the new building, no longer parliamentary as appointment, but the Palace of Justice. However, the name of Parliament Hauz is still preserved for the whole building. Thus, the House Parliamentary, he is the Palace of Justice, it accommodates the Supreme Court of Scotland today, the parliamentary Hall, in which, in our day, lawyers talk with their clients, as well as a wonderful library. The entrance to it is separate - from the side of George IV. Arriving at the end of the XVII century as a legal library, it became in 1925 National Library Scotland. Now it includes not only first-class selected legal literature. It stores over 2,000,000 books and more than 10,000 volumes of manuscripts. Among them are manuscripts of John Noks, Burns, Walter Scott, Stevenson, the last letter of Maria Stewart Henry III in France, in which she writes that her execution is appointed the next day; A letter to Karl I, written by him as a careful, diligent handwriting: "Dear Father, I learn to inclined nouns and adjectives."

The library building itself, in fact, is already connected with the history of the Edinburgh New city and is an outstanding monument of Scottish classicism. The toproom of the library is especially good, topped with low, covered with painting dome. The strict rows of the Corinth columns, between which the sculptural busts are placed, give the solemn majesty to the interior. The lower room is especially interesting because the peculiar heating system was applied here: hot air I received the iron legs of library tables.

House of John Noksa

If you return to the royal mile, you should pay attention to the spectacular building, which is almost opposite Saint Giles. Erected already in the XVIII century, historically it is, nevertheless, is associated with this part of the Old Town. He has long been at the Cross, which stands next to St. Giles, trading operations were made. It is not by chance that it was all here that it was decided to put the building of the Exchange. John Adam was appointed architect. Main works were conducted from 1753 to 1758. The building occupies three sides of the yard, open toward the royal mile. The main facade with the central fronton is processed by pilasters. Lower floor decorate loggias. It was assumed that merchants would make trade transactions here. However, for these purposes, the stock exchange was not used, although it also had services and shops. The merchants continued to make their own deals right on the street, and the Exchange Building was adapted to the needs of the city magistrate. Slightly modified, this building is now standing out among the houses of the Royal Mile, and it is interesting to look at it from the new city, since the Northern Facade of the Exchange rises above almost thirty-meter steer cliff.

Trade, which smoked next to St. Giles, led to the name and nearby church - the Church of Christ "At the Beneflection" or Trone Church. Once here we were granted the correctness of the weight. In the case of deception, the fraudster joaded the ear to the same chance that its goods weighed. Until recently, the Church "The Beneflinary" was associated with the fun Edinburgh tradition. AT new Year's Eve From here it was customary to start a trip to familiar houses in order to wish happiness to friends. But a woman or a fair-haired man was thought, would not bring good luck, so at the head of the noisy company, they necessarily set a man and moreover a dark-haired, who was the first to overcome the threshold of a friendly home. New Year's dances were drove around this church. Today, these customs are already dying. But the Church "Ulezlya" still uses the Edinburghs specially popular. Started in 1637, she reached us already in the appearance of the middle of the XIX century, rebuilt after the fire.

High Street continues for the Church "Ulemony", after the intersection of the royal mile with the South Bridge.

Huntley House

This part of Old Edinburgh has undergone significant restructuring. A little left of the royal mile, the merger of the southern and northern bridges, there was noisy shopping center. The old buildings in this segment remained very little. But it was here that one of the most interesting buildings of Old Edinburgh is preserved - John Knox House, which refers to the XVI century. He immediately draws attention, standing out among the neighboring buildings with picturesque asymmetry of individual parts. Indeed, it seems that it consists of independent volumes. Each part has its own height, its location of the windows. Ourselves window - unequal sizes and placed at different heights, which gives the building a specific appearance characteristic of the residential buildings of the late Middle Ages. It is based on its building stone, but it has covered wooden galleries, or rather erkers that hang one over the other and a lot of contributing to a common pictorial impression. Dummy mezzanines and sharp roof lumps with an intricate chimney complete the entire structure. It is assumed that John Nox here lived and died in 1572. Nowadays the house opened a museum dedicated to the life of this outstanding figure of Scotland.

Opposite the Noks house there is another museum. His sign is a funny doll. This is a very original museum of childhood: the museum about children, but not for children, but for adults. It allows you to trace the history of children's games, exhibits various toys and is generally devoted to the development of children's consciousness.

Immediately behind the house of Knox, the high street ends. From the mountain here is a dead end with an expressive name end of the world, and on the pavement copper bars marked the place of the urban gates and the famous defensive Flodden Wall. The old Edinburgh ended here. The next segment of the royal mile, called Canongeit - the path of canoniki, was already not the same as Edinburgh, but to Abbey and the Palace Holyrun. And if the artisans and the street was arranged here and the street was associated with the history of the abbey, then later, in the XV century, with the emergence of the palace next to him, it began to settle here who built her houses closer to the Royal Palace. In the XIX century, dividing the fate of the whole old city, Kenongeit was in an abandoned state. Little has changed and after clearing the slums at the end of the XIX century. Later on the site of the wastewhere built modern shops and residential buildings. In the postwar years, some old buildings were very well renovated. For example, near the house of John Noks, you can see the restored old residential buildings on land plots With very exotic names: Morocco-Land - Moroccan Earth, Sumyakerz Land - Land of a shoemaker, Bible Land Biblical Earth. These houses with arcades and high rods of the roofs, outwardly resembling Gladstone-Land, have, however, all modern amenities.

Kenongete Tombut - the building of the Kenongy Town Hall

The most remarkable architectural monuments of Kenong Street include Huntli House, a residential building, built around 1570 and belonged to one of the richest families of Edinburgh. Somewhat clumsy, as well as Knox House, he immediately draws attention to an unusual look. The low floor, composed of coarse, various sizes of stone pieces, with small unequal windows placed at different distances from each other. A strongly protruding eaves separates this floor from the second, higher, folded from stone slabs; Here the window is sewn, but their location on the facade is completely negotiated with the window openings neither the first nor third floors. Each floor exists in itself. The third floor, plastered, hangs over the first two. The building ends with three sharp tongs that have one height, but at the same time different in shape. Perhaps it is precisely in this clumsy, in the absence of unification and lies the charm of these old buildings, the facades of which, as it were, reflect the stages of their growth. In Huntley Hauz and modern Scottish residential buildings there are still a lot of medieval. The facade is only the end of the building. Behind him, going into the departure of the quarter, hide, irregular in the plan, the rest of this house. Since 1932, the Municipal Museum of the City History has been opened in Huntli House. Among its relic exhibits related to Maria Stewart and Walter Scott, the two most popular Persons of the Edinburgh of the past epochs, many paintings and watercolors with the views of Old Edinburgh. The main value of the museum is the authentic text of the Covenant, dated February 28, 1638.

The expositions of the Museum of the City History are deployed and in the building of the Kenongy Town Hall, which is almost opposite Huntley Hauz. In Edinburgh, she is known as Canongate Tolbut. This is an expressive structure, coarse masonry, with a chain of small front-thinkers, as if uniting the variance parts of the facade. Built in 1591, the Town Hall is easily found in the high tower-bell tower under a round pointed roof. In turn, upper corners Two small round turrets under the same roofs were kept this square tower. Later between them strengthened the clock on the bracket. The presence of another town hall near the old tolbuty was explained by the fact that Kenongeite was outside the walls of the Old Town and was an independent area.

Next to the town hall is the cemetery. It arose around the Kenongy Church, erected in 1688 by order of King Yakov II. Its author, obviously, was the architect J. Smith (mind 1731) is one of the two largest representatives of early classicism, a style arising in Scotland in the 70s of the XVII century. It is curious that in this building Smith, as well as in some other early-class buildings of Edinburgh, still give themselves to know the echoes of Gothic.

The cemetery also deserves attention. Robert Ferguson, the largest Scottish poet of the XVIII century, predecessor Robert Berns, was buried on it. Berns was installed a monument on his grave. Mrs. Agnes Mc Lehoz is resting here, immortalized by Burns under the name of Clarinda.

Not far from the Town Hall and Hantley House there are several more buildings of the end of the XVI - early XVII century, interesting in architecturally. Among them, the rich seas-houses are especially distinguished, with well-preserved, hanging over the lower floors closed galleries, with elegant pyramidal impurities on the gate. This building is associated with the names of political figures known in Scotland of the XVII century. When, in 1650, the English troops occupied Edinburgh, the house was the residence of Cromwell.

And already leaving Kenongeit, it is worth paying attention to another curious building located on the left side of the street. High on his wall was strengthened by a memorial plaque, which reports that in 1681 the Duke of Yorksky, the future king of Yakov II, won the batch of golf in two British and that his partner was a shoemaker John Paterson. At your win, Paterson and built a meaninged house, which is widely known in Edinburgh called Galferz Land, a golf house. This house is located almost at the most gate leading to the Holyrore Palace, which is a separate important chapter in the past and the present city.

From the book helicopters. Tom I. Author Ruzhitsky Evgeny Ivanovich

Mi-1 hovz them. Mile Light Multipurpose Helicopter Light Multi-Purpose Helicopter MI-1 At the Avicosmic Exhibition Max-95 Development of the helicopter began in 1947 under the leadership of M. JT. Mile, who was offered a project of a light multipurpose helicopter for military and civil

From the book of the author

Mi-4 hovz them. Mile Transport-landing and multipurpose helicopter Transport and landing and multi-purpose helicopter Mi-4vertolet MI-4 is the first military-transport helicopter in domestic armed forces. The creation of the helicopter was accelerated by the increased role

From the book of the author

Mi-38 hovz them. Mile Multipurpose Helicopter Multi-Purpose Helicopter Mi-38V in the 1980s The new multipurpose helicopter has begun to replace Mi-8 helicopters, serially produced since 1962 and well-proven themselves in operation. In 1987, a sketch began

Royal Mile is a few streets in the very center of Edinburgh. As the name suggests, the length of these streets make up approximately one Scottish mile (~ 1800 meters). Royal Mile connects the two main historical sights of the ancient capital - the Edinburgh Castle, located on the castle hill and the Holyur Palace, the residence of Scottish, and then British monarchs.

The Royal Mile begins on the Castle Esplanade, arranged in the XIX century for military parades near the Edinburgh Castle. Now this is the place of the annual Edinburgh Festival. In the wall "Houses with a cannon core" really stuck the cannonic core - they say it was a random shot of a cloth gun.

Castelhill is leading to the castle esplanade, a small street, where the chamber of the obscura and the world of illusions, the rule of the Edinburgh Festival and the assembly hall of the Church of Scotland are located. Next is the Lown Market - the street on which tourists will find a lot of souvenir benches.

With the Loun-Market, we fall on the High Street - the center of the Edinburgh Festival, during which the street is worked out by street artists, sewages and tourists. On the left side - the building of the Supreme Court, on the right - the parliamentary square, where standing the Cathedral of St. Giles. Next to the eastern entrance to the cathedral, the stone of Middleman's heart is laid on a paving stone - an image noted by a place where the urban outpost was an administrative, tax and judicial center of the city. When the building was demolished, the citizens had a habit of spitting the place where it stood. The city authorities decided to lay out the image of the heart at this place - but it led only to that now, the townspeople try to get a spit to the center. Tourists are presented with a refined legend: they say, they spit for good luck, but in essence this tradition personifies just disrespect for the authorities.

The middle of the royal mile is the intersection with bridges. The North Bridge leads to the left, to a new city, to princes Street. To the right - the South Bridge, in which it is very difficult to see the bridge - it looks like an ordinary street with rows of shops on both sides. Under the bridge hide Edinburgh cellars where you can get with the excursion.

Behind the house of John Nox, the old boundaries of the city are erected. Once the fortified city doors were stood here. For them, the ownership of Holurodsky Abbey began, which is reflected in the name of the next part of the Royal Mile, Canongate Street (Canon) Street - Church, Canonical). Scottish kings often preferred to live in Holurodsky Abbey, and not in the gloomy Edinburgh castle, and at the beginning of the XVI century King Yakov IV builds the palace, adjacent to the abbey. Palace is now the official residence of Elizabeth II in Scotland.

Royal Mile in Edinburgh is the heart of the city and its main and famous street for the whole world. No tourist who visited in, will not be able to pass by her, as it would where he would not go, and sooner or later, he still falls on the royal mile.
Royal Mile in Edinburgh received its name is not by chance. Mile it is called because her total length It is 1.8 km or on Scottish standards exactly 1 mile. It connects the two main attractions of the city -, on the one hand, and the current royal residence is the Holyur Palace, on the other hand. From here, the word "Royal" appeared in the title of the street.

Structure of the Royal Mile Scotland

Royal Mile in Edinburgh In fact, it consists of four segments, each of which has its own name Castlehill, High Street, Lawnmarket and CanonGate. In addition, it combines all branches, squares, courtyards and tunnels, so if we consider it schematically, then the royal mile will remind the skeleton of fish. Most often, it is all sorts of branches from the central street that are the greatest interest among tourists, as there can be a lot of unexpected.

Royal Mile - Center for City Events

The central part of the street is the most crowded place in the city. Royal Mile It is not exceptionally pedestrian, so tourists have to push on both sides of the busy road, between layouts with souvenirs or baking. It is here that all significant urban events are held - carnavals, parades, festivals. Sometimes even on ordinary weekdays here you can see live statues, magicians, juggles and cheraners.

All the distance of the royal mile can be passed in just 20 - 25 minutes, so to get from the Holyroy Palace or the Edinburgh Fortress to the city center, transport will not need. In addition, only walking on foot, you can consider unusual shop windows, stems in medieval style and original restaurants. For example, the Pub "End of Light" or the tavern "Deacon Brody", named after the robber and the killer, who became the prototype of Dr. Jekyla and Mr. Hight in Robert Stevenson's book.

What sights of Edinburgh can be found on the royal mile?

It is mistaken to believe that the Royal Mile is just a street where you can walk, go shopping or see a cheese in the National Scottish Kilt. There are quite a few places that worth visiting or at least pay attention to them. Not far from the Edinburgh Castle is the Scottish Heritage Center whiskey, where you can see 3.5 thousand species of whiskey and learn from what and how it is manufactured.

The former Church of St. John is seen from afar, as this is an old building the highest on the royal mile. Currently, concerts are held here, theatrical ideasAnd it is from here that the leadership of all festivals conducted in this neighborhood. If in the winter period there are little, then in the summer they spend each week, therefore, on this plot of the royal mile, do not pour back from the influx of tourists.

The Cathedral of St. Egidia is considered the center of the religious life of Edinburgh. The temple amazes with its scale and stored in him with relics. Honorary Citizens of Scotland are resting here, including famous writer Robert Stevenson.

At the Royal Mile, you can visit the Museum of Childhood, the Museum of Illusions, the Museum of People's History of the City and the House-Museum of the Scottish Reformed Reformer John Noks, and thirsty of more vivid impressions may be interested in a walk through the Edinburgh Skleps and underground tunnels near the South Bridge.

Edinburgh is considered the city ancient and even his central street in the evening more reminds no more modern, and medieval. To feel this, many tourists come to the royal mile at night, when there are almost no people around, and the whole environment just breathes history. Some guides offer fans of acute sensations in the dark time to go through the most intriguing places with a mysterious history and flying campaigns - cemeteries, dungeons and dark squares.