Museum of Term Diocletiana - This is one of the four buildings in which the National Roman Museum is located. Other places are as follows: Palazzo Massimo Alla Terme, Palazzo Altemps, Crypt Balby.. Post about the Museum of Palazzo Massimo Alla Terme, where through the route of the museum, you can reveal the history, myths and everyday life in Rome.

Initially Terms diocletiana represented colossal thermal complex The imperial era, built between 298 and 306. AD, which occupied the area of \u200b\u200bmore than 13,000 m2.

According to legend, the terms were built by convicts to death by Christians. They accommodate more than 3,000 swimming time, approximately twice the number of people to which the terms of the Caracalla were calculated. For their construction, it took 10 years, compared to 5 years, which went to the construction of the term Karakalla. For the terms there were three thousand baths and three spacious pools with clean, transparent water.

In the days of the empire, the terms were open to men, as well as for women and children, and even a very modest board in one quadrant was sometimes covered with the generosity of the emperor or some rich, who could take on the entire cost of visiting a bath for a period of one day to One year. Romans went to the terms to meet with others, walk and chat, alone - to play the ball and other games, others - to experience more intense physical exertion, such as a struggle, or see how others do it, and of course get cool In the summer and warm in winter. Cold baths were in Frigidari - a cool room in the bath; There were also a warm room, or tepidarium, as well as heated premises, Kalidaria, where there were warm baths and hot couples to cause sweating, as in our modern Turkish baths. The room is still hot, laconic, used mostly patients. Heat was provided by furious fire under the floor, incited slaves, using a large amount of wood.

Bathing could enjoy any of them or all in turn and in any other order. Now there are little left of the former glory, but they still excite our impressions. The same feelings overwhelm at the sight.

Today it is the location of the National Roman Museum founded in 1898. His archaeological heritage is one of the richest in the world, it comes from various collections, and partly consists of finds found in terms. On the territory of the thermal complex Michelangelo skillfully placed the Church of Santa Maria Deli Angeli in the style of the Renaissance, which the Pope Piya IV wished in 1561.

In the monastery courtyard created by Michelangelo, more than 400 sculptures of all types belonging to Roman masters (architectural finds, marble groups and statues, sarcophagi, altari donations) were exhibited.

The Department of Museum in Diocletian's terms was conceived to familiarize themselves with the beginning of Roman history.

It has an extensive epigraphic section, demonstrating the emergence of the Latin language due to the texts written on various carriers relating to the period from the VIII century BC. Until IV century AD

And the terms of Trajan.
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So the terms looked on the layout.
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The layout quite accurately corresponds to the terms plan depicted on an old engraving.
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The terms of the term accommodate up to 3200 people; Gardens were decorated with fountains and pavilions. Water supply Term was carried out through the aqueduct Marcy.
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It was also a luxurious and decoration of the term: marble cladding, unique mosaic floors, galleries with statues of gods and burgher fountains.
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The terms served as not only baths, they served as a place of recreation, communication, the hearth of the cultural and public life of the city. The entrance to them was allowed to all free citizens. On the territory of the complex, gardens with pavilions, fountains, marble sculptures were broken, and there were halls for meetings, an amphitheater, a library and a gym.
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The terms of Diocletian in a modern form are the area of \u200b\u200bthe republic, the Church of Santa Maria-deli Angeli-E de Martiri was built on the site of the central hall, some premises occupies the National Roman Museum with a meeting of Roman and Greek art. One of the round rooms of Term is rebuilt into the Church of San Bernardo-Alla Terme.
Part of the ruins in 1889 was rebuilt under the museum.
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Thermal, or diocletiano, window - a window that two vertical racks (miniatory) is divided into three compartments - the central sewing and the side lies. Such windows are typical of Diocletian Roman term. In the Renaissance Epoch, the Great Italian architect Andrea Palladio revived thermal windows, recycling an antique shape in the so-called Venetian window. Since then, Diocletian's windows have firmly entered the arsenal of the receptions of Palladianism and his successors.
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Republic Square
Until the 1950s, the Square was called exhedra. This name is still useful among local residents. The old name happened from the great excessed the term Diocletian - a semicircular deep niche with a semi-gun. The form of an ancient exeder is repeated in a colonnade limiting the area from the south-west. Semicircular Palazzo with portica were erected in 1887-1898. According to the project of the architect Gaetano Koch. The facade of the Church of Santa Maria deli Angeli-E dei Martiri comes to the square. In the center of the square there is a fountain Najna, created by the sculptor Mario Tutemile in 1901.
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Fountain Nyad. [41.9030117N 12.4984825E.]
In the last decade of its PAP PAP PAP IX ordered and financed reconstruction ancient aqueduct Marcium, which was badly damaged by Goths in the sixth century, and since then has remained unused. The construction of a new aqueduct was requested in 1868 by the company "Acqua Pia Antica Marcia Spa", which was one of the main water supply providers of the city. The aqueduct was completed by a large fountain. The first version of the fountain was built in 1870 a bit not in the place where he is now. It was a simple big round pool from which it was knocked out. a large number of jets of water aimed at the center. The composition was completed with five vertical jets of water, and the central much higher. A few years later, in 1888, Architect Alessandro Gerriri completely changed appearance Fountain. It began to consist of three concentric circular cups at different heights placed on an octagonal base. There was an attempt to establish four lions, but she was not crowned with success, and the project was left. The next project of the work of the sculptor Mario Humidly was built and opened in 1901. Naian Fountain decorated four naked women's figures from bronze, depicting Nayad: Nymph Lakes, holding a swan, nymph rivers lying on the monster of rivers, nymph of underground waters lying on the back of the dragon, and the nymph of oceans riding on the sea skate.
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In 1912, finally, the fountain received his final appearance with the installation in the center of the glauco group - a naked male figure, an exciting dolphin and symbolizing the dominion of a person over the natural force. Dolphin's mouth comes out central fountain jet. Fully work was opened in 1914.
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National Museum of Rome [41.9030157N 12.4984127E.]
The National Roman Museum was opened in 1889. The National Roman Museum includes the Museum of Term, in which the collection of famous antique sculptures is stored: "Trone Louds", "Diskol", "Cutter Fighter", "Gall who kills his wife" and many other, previously located in the terms of Diocletian and Karacalla.
14. Entrance to the museum

The museum has one of the richest assemblies of an ancient sculpture. In the halls of the ancient term Diocletian presented collections of inscriptions and sculptures.
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19. Collection of ancient masks

Garden Museum
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On the territory of the term in front of the entrance to the museum you can also see a few very original sculptures.
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There are many ancient sculptures, tombstones, masks and other ancient exhibits in the halls of the museum.
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Big Clourt.
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In the center of the Big Cloud among the green spaces, there are something visiting various animals.
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Small clourter
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The National Roman Museum today is a complex of five objects dedicated to Roman history: Diocletian's terms, Palazzo Massimo, Palazzo Altempse, Crypt Balby and Palatino Museum. This museum is considered one of the best on the construction of the exhibition, organization of work, convenience for visitors. One by one entrance ticket You can visit 4 objects: Diocletian Terms, Palazzo Massimo Alle Terme, Palazzo Altemps, Crypt Balby. There is a ticket for 3 days.
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In 1563, by order of Pope, Michelangelo held the reconstruction of the ruins of the central hall of Ban. The ruins were turned into the Church of Santa Maria deli Angeli. The church is very interesting, with an in-depth study of astronomy. She will be devoted to a separate post, which will be published soon.
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San Bernardo-Alla-Terme [41.9036226n 12.4944699E.]
San Bernardo-Alla Terme - Monastery Church of the Order of Cistercians dedicated to St. Bernard. Initially, the church building may have served as a spheristerium (the ball for playing the ball), which is part of the term Diocletian. In 1593, this land plot bought a niece of Pope Julia III and sacrificed to the construction of the monastery. Its construction continued until 1598, the restructuring of the church was completed in 1600.
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The structure of the dome of the church is similar to a pantheon, but significantly less in diameter (only 22 m).
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Since 1670, the church is titular, in the same year the first restoration works were carried out: the internal decoration was updated, the body was built in, the choir improved, the fresco appeared on the facade, depicting St. Bernard. The last restoration was conducted in 2000. In the niches of the Church there are 8 statues of the saints of Camillo Mariani.
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51. Chief altar

Altar of St. Bernard Clervoskogo
Altar of St. Bernard Clervosoy magnificently decorated with sculptures with ancient green columns. The altar picture "The vision of the saints that fly in ecstasy to meet Jesus, removed from the cross" of the Italian artist Giovanni Oodatzi replaced another canvas of Thomas Laureti's brush.
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Altar of St. Abbot Riverio
Altar of St. Abbot Ruserio, the pupil of the Holy Order of the Cistercians, is decorated similarly to the Altar of St. Bernard. On the painting of Giovanni's brush, Oodahstsi is depicted by the Virgin with a baby, St. John, St. Joseph and St. Roberto. Madonna puts on a finger ring, symbol of protection and devotion.
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The burial of Johann Friedrich Oberbek, the leader of the sickness, artist, graphics and illustrator.
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In addition, a couple of attractions can be seen very close to Diocletian's terms.
Obelisk Dogali [41.9021613N 12.4974632E.]
This is one obelisk of two brought from Heliopolis. The second is now installed in Boboli gardens in Florence. Initially, the monument was brought to the temple of Isis in Rome. Found in 1883 Rodolfo Lanciani near Santa Maria-Sopra Minerva. Currently, the monument is dedicated in honor of the battle about dogue. The location of modern obelisk was replaced from the square in front of Termini Train on the current in 1924.
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Statue of John Paul II Works of Oliviereo Rainland called Conversazioni (conversations) installed on March 18, 2011. For the "back" monument Central Bus Station Rome (Termini Station).
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Finally, for a better understanding, I suggest watching a video with a three-dimensional model of the ancient terms of Diocletian.

Diocletian terms. About the popularity of the term in ancient world It is evidenced by the fact that, for example, about 3,500 people could wash in the famous terms of Diocletian.

The use of terms for hydrotherapy was known in the Mediterranean from ancient times. In particular, the Greeks used thermal waters. This is evidenced by the mass of archaeological finds, literary and scientific evidence. Bathing in hot waters was appreciated by the Greeks primarily because they believed their divine start. It is not by chance that temples such as Apollo Temple in Delphs or the Temple of Olympas are built in the areas of thermal sources. Despite the fact that the ancient peoples were mistaken about the origin of thermal sources, but in one they were right: water from them really positively affects the human body. The advantages of hot springs and mineral Water In his treatise, "use of liquids" praised a hippocrate.

To this day, the terms of dioctetian reached a fairly retained form, the trial of reconstruction in 1566.One of the round rooms is rebuilt into the Church of San Bernardo-Alla-Terme

Human life is unthinkable without water. Water is a source of livic moisture, with its help we are preparing food and most importantly - after grave work, you do the ablution that brings us freshness, health and vigor of the body. With reliability it is difficult to say who, when and under what circumstances the first bath was invented. A detailed written description on the bantas was an ancient Greek historian Herodotus Galicarnas in the 5th century BC. e. He assumed that the first baths arose from different nations almost simultaneously. One of the first, who entered the cult of Ban, were the Egyptians. These baths performed as hospitals, as in Ancient Egypt Many diseases were treated with water. In Egyptian papyrus, many recipes that helped women and men get rid of signs of aging is given. Baths performed the main means of rejuvenation and recovery. The Greeks in turn adopted many structures on the bathhouse.

Greek baths at the beginning of the emergence had the name "Laconikum", from the city of Laconik, from where bath procedures spread throughout Greece.

It should be noted in our story a big fan of Ban Herod - King Judea. His most famous structure was built in Masada North Palace. Bani Masada were decorated with mosaic and marble and hit their luxury. They consisted of a room for dressing, rooms with a swimming pool (it was also called a cool room), a warm room and a hot steam room (Kaldariy) with a double floor. The device of the room itself Kaldari has resembled a modern Finnish sauna. Also, the king had a special room to derive the body with healing oils and incenses.

In the ancient Rome Bani arose in the Greek sample bath, called them their terms (an antique bath in Greece, with large houses). The first terms in Rome built the emperor Agrippa (25-19 g. BC) and transferred them to the use of the Roman population.

And the Roman emperor Andrian, in turn, made a culture of visiting the term mass. He was a source of not only the mass construction of public baths, but also the founder of the typical construction of public buildings. Methods and heating systems in its terms still cause admiration for modern specialists. Water supply systems of different temperatures for pools amazes complexity. The fact that, for example, about 3,500 people could wash about the popularity of the term in the ancient world. About 3,500 people could wash.

Ruins Term Diocletiana

But if the Greeks were one of the first peoples that have rated hot springs, then the Romans became those who glorified this aware of recreation and treatment. They made these ancestors of modern Italians through the mass construction of public terms. So, only in Rome, the number of public and private purchases exceed 800 pieces. In general, the Romans tried to build topics everywhere where thermal sources were found.

Terms of Caracalla

The most famous thermal buildings that have come down to this day are the terms of Karakalla and Diocletian's terms. Looking at these buildings, it is easy to imagine how famous personalities rested in the bathing beds: Pliny Senior, Katull, Vitruvius, Tibull, Tit Libya, Horace, Marzial and other prominent figures. Last, by the way, dedicate the thermions a number of our epigramms. It is noteworthy that despite the above-mentioned loud names, the cost of visiting was not very big. So they were available to all residents of the Roman Empire.

Diocletian's terms are a structure that architecturally repeats the forms of the whole city. It was elevated in ancient Rome and performed a bath function. Present 3,200 people could fit there.

Diocletian, as one of the ancient Roman emperors, dreamed of delighting their guests with luxurious festivals. It is here, at the end of the III century AD. Miscellaneous events were focused, rich peirs and completely any entertainment, which one could come up with. And for inquisitive, it was possible to chat in libraries, which were located right there.

Diocletian's terms were built in such a way that on any day the water was heated with the warm rays of the sun, and where it was necessary to remain cold. Until the VI century, the legendary Ancient Roman water supply was functioning, until he was destroyed by Gotami.

Basilica Santa Maria deli Angeli-E dei Martiri (Santa Maria Degli Angeli E Dei Martiri), dedicated to the Virgin, Angels and Martyrs in Rome. Located on the Republic Square.

Later on the ruins here was founded by the Church of Santa Maria Deli Angeli. The terms were reconstructed in 1563 by order of the Pope. All the works were led by Michelangelo. By the way, he was then 87.

The Catholic Church with her high at that time in the ruins of the ancient Roman bath, where the people betrayed all possible sins, from drinking wines to love players - this is really irony.

Roman physicians, including Galen, Pliny and Celsis, said the wellness effect of thermal sources. They tried to discover the relationship between diseases and chemical-physical properties of water from thermal sources.

After the fall of the Roman Empire, many of its structures began to decline. Naturally, it also affected the terms, since the fortified Christian adversely relate to these places, considering them inappropriate.

In the Middle Ages, thermal sources were used only with therapeutic purposes. And in the XIII century, their scientific study began. Many scientists were interested in the properties and qualities of water: Michele Savonarola, Pietro d 'Abano and Pietro da Eboli. The last one of his treatises described in detail the healing capabilities of 35 thermal sources in the vicinity of Pozzzoli. Gradually, from the centers of treatment, thermal sources began to re-acquire the status of resting centers and secular life, incent the resorts by cities. Representatives of the Higher Layers of the Society of Italy conducted entire days on thermal sources.

Nolly plan on which is captured terms diocletiana

The modern popularity of thermal sources in the postwar years began to recruit strength. The recognition of the real health effect of the Terms made it possible to include them in a nationwide sanitary system and thereby expanding treatments for the entire population.

sources
http://blog.design-class.com.ua.
http://www.uadream.com

Diocletian terms ( Terme di diocleziano.) It was built between 298 and 306, becoming the crown of the creation of engineering thought of their time, and were a colossal thermal complex with an area of \u200b\u200bmore than 13,000 square meters. meters, the largest of ever existed in Rome. According to legend, they were engaged in the condemned Christian to death.

The terms occupied the space between, winning and. Their sizes can be estimated, going around objects built in their place. This, Basilica, National Roman Museum, Basilica. The main station Rome, Termini, is also named after the Term Diocletian.

The facilities of the term were located fenced artificial platform. They included fountains, pavilions, libraries, meeting rooms. In the center of the complex were the baths themselves, built according to the time the standard plan - a central axis with symmetrically spaced rooms.

1 - Caldary, 2 - Tempidarium, 3 - Frigidari, 4 - Swimming pool, 5 - Palestras, 6 - Main entrance, 7 - Exedra

Simple, covered with plaster "under the marble" Facades Term revived by pieces of mosaic panels at the inputs. Such a simplicity of decorative trim and gradual increase in volume to central Hall The gradation of the complex was emphasized and distinguished him from cult facilities. Lack of curvilinear premises, and therefore, the diversity of interiors forms is the influence of the East.

Diocletian's terms contained more than 3,000 visitors at the same time. There were 3,000 individual baths and three pools with clean water. Cold baths were located in frigidaries, warm - in teepidaria, and hot - in Caldria. The hottest room is a laconic - used mainly sick. The heat was created by fire under the floor supported by slaves. For water heating, solar heat was also used. The water came through the divert of the aqueduct Marcy.

The terms were open to all residents, including women and children, and are completely available at the price. But even a modest fee for the entrance was often covered by the generosity of the emperor or any rich man who would brave the cost of visiting baths by citizens for a period of one day to a year.

Visitors came to the terms not only to wash. All sorts of entertainment, feasts and other events were arranged in their walls. Here, for example, there was a library in which philosophical disputes were held, and in gymnastic halls it was possible to engage in sports games and exercise. In addition, it was easy here to get warm in winter and cool in the summer.

The complex functioned to the 6th century and began to come to the launch and collapse with the arrival of the ready, broke the aqueduct for the deprivation of the Romans of water. And only in the 16th century, under the guidance of the Great 87-year sculptor and architect Michelangelo on the ruins of tepidarium, with the preservation of its walls, a basil was built Santa Maria Deli Angeli E Dei Martiri,named so in honor of the Christian martyrs who died in the construction of the term.

Basilica Santa Maria Deli Angeli E Dei Martiri

A number of premises of the Term became part of the museum, and one of the round lobby was transformed in another basilica -San Bernardo Alla Terme.The remains of another such lobby can be seen between the WIA WIA WIA and Piazza Dei Chinkovento.

Basilica San Bernardo Alla Terme

The decision to create the National Rome Museum was adopted in 1889. His separation in Diocletian's terms was conceived to familiarize themselves with the beginning of Roman history.The exhibition of the museum is the walls themselves, antique sculptures, household items, weapons of ancient Romans, Etruscans and other people inhabited by the Apennine Peninsulas. The most rare exhibits are antique and Christian Rome sarcophages. The extensive epigraphic section demonstrates the emergence and development of the Latin language on various carriers of the period of the 8th century BC. - 4th century AD.

The Romans were experts not only in military business and art. Built in the 3rd century of our era of Diocletian (Terme Di Diocleziano) were truly a crown of the creation of the engineering thought of that time. The technical equipment of the bath was much ahead of his time. For the convenience and quality of performance, the term can compete with modern spa complexes of modernity. The term is obliged to the Roman Emperor Gaa Avrellia Diocletian, who, at the end of the reign, beaten from power and retired to a small homeland to grow cabbage.

The territory assigned to construction was 30 hectares. At the same time in the baths could take water procedures more than three thousand people for whom individual baths were installed and public polarms were equipped. Three large pools were also built to visitors. Water in the baths and pools were sent forward flow of the complex design of the water supply system connected to the diversion of the aqueduct marcy.

Citizens (and the entrance was permitted to all free citizens) not only washed, but also culturally spent time in gardens with sculptures, visited presentations in the amphitheater, read books in the library and were engaged in physical exercises in the gymnastic hall.

Unfortunately, by the 7th century, Diocletian's terms came to decline and gradually collapsed. In the middle of the 16th century, the great sculptor and architect Michelangelo built a new term on the remains of the Bani in the style of the Renaissance and Monastery.

Therapeutic properties of thermal

Swimming in warm water, rich in mineral salts, was considered from ancient times a healing event. Hydrotherapy in thermal sources, according to the hypocratic, has a positive effect on the human advantage. The Roman terms obtained a special value due to the supply of various temperatures in the bath bath. Water heating was organized by the heating of water with sunbeams, while the water in the shaded areas remained cool. Roman doctors noted the special chemical and physical properties of water from sources, which provided a beneficial effect on the health of the Romans.

Grand Terms Nowadays

Today, Diocletian's terms are an interesting architectural monument, divided into three parts surrounded by the gardens of the Republic Square.

Part of the territory was given under the main exposition of the National Roman Museum, or the Museum of Term. The museum's exposition is the Teres themselves, antique sculptures (including Michelangelo's creations) and other objects from the life of ancient Rome. The other part of Diocletian was rebuilt into the Basilica of San Bernardo-Alla-Terme. The remaining structures in the form of ruins are left modern tourists, extinguishing in Rome, to explore and admiration.

Travel and visiting conditions

Terms are located on Enrico de Nicola (Via Enrico de Nicola) in the house number 79. The best way Get to the term and the museum - use the Roman Metro. You need to go out at the republic (Termini) station (Termini), then following the pointers to walk a few hundred meters. Another way: Buses No. 82, 61, 62, 60, 492 to Cernaia stop.

Entrance for foreigners paid, tickets are sold at the box office. The cost of familiarization with the terms - 8.5-12 euros, depending on the number of sights for inspection. For the maximum cost of 12 euros, tourists get the opportunity for several days to inspect the terms in full. A visit to tourists is allowed in all days except Monday, from 9:00 to 19:45, the cash registers are closed in half an hour before the end of work.

Not far from the term is the church, made in the Baroque style.

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