Bulletin of Omsk University. Series "Economics". 2012. No. 1. P. 40-46.
Improving the efficiency of the process of forming an affordable transport infrastructure in the regions
Increase Of Efficiency Of Process Of Formation Of An Accessible Transport Infrastructure In Regions
K.E. Safronov K.E. Safronov.
Siberian State Automobile and Road Academy (Sibadi)
A programming and target approach to the formation of a barrier-free medium for small citizens in the regional aspect is presented. The formation of an affordable environment as an intensive path of development of the economy and an effective way to investment is considered. It is proposed to study this problem in the system "Housing - Wednesday - Transport - Service Objects" and to solve modern project management methods.
In Article The Program-Target Approach to Formation of the Accessible Environment for People with the Limited Possibilities in Regional Aspect IS Considered Environments. Availability - The Public Blesing, Which Utility Is Especially Effectively Shown On A Labor Market and In Social Sphere. Formation of the Accessible Environment IS An Intensive Way of Development of Economy And An Effective Way of An Investment of Investments. The "Habitation -Nvironment - Transport - Objects of Service" is Expedient to Consider The Given Problem in A Complex in System and To Solve Modern Methods of Management of the Projects.
Keywords: barrier-free medium, transport accessibility, low-friendly populations, project management, investment, economic efficiency.
Key Words: Accessible Environment, Transport Availability, People with the Limited Possibilities, Project Management, Investments, Economic Efficiency.
Recently, more and more attention began to be paid to the availability of life medium for low-friendly populations (MGN). In our country, the implementation of the State Program "Affordable Wednesday" began on 2011-2015, the purpose of which is to form the conditions for 2015 to ensure equal access of persons with disabilities, along with others, to the physical surroundings, transport, information and communication, as well as Objects and services open or provided to the population. The total financing of the program for 2011-2015. will be 46.9 billion rubles, including 26.9 billion rubles. from the funds of the federal budget, 19.7 billion rubles.
From the funds of the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, from extrabudgetary sources it is necessary to attract 269.3 million rubles. . The main condition for the implementation of departmental and regional target programs is the organization and conduct of their competitive selection. The amount of the budget of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation should be at least 50% of the amount of funds provided for these purposes at the expense of the federal budget.
The infrastructure of most regions of our country is not adapted to accommodation, movement and maintenance of the MGN, to which include: disabled people and vision, with a violation of the musculoskeletal system and their accompanying, elderly citizens, children, pregnant women, as well as people leading an active lifestyle And moving with children's strollers, with luggage, on bicycles and rollers, etc. Now, according to the Ministry of Health and Social Development, 13.2 million people with disabilities live in Russia, of which 66% of retirees and 4% of children. Only 26% of working-age disabled people work, 60% of citizens with impaired functions of the musculoskeletal system are faced with barriers when using public transport, 48% are tasteful when buying products. A third population suffers from unavailability. All civilized countries are going along the path of integrating persons with disabilities into society, this is provided for by the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, which has already been signed by 147 countries, including Russia.
© k.e. Safronov, 2012.
The need for the formation of available transport infrastructure in our country has long been formulated as follows:
People with disabilities and MGN due to the unavailability of the environment are limited in the implementation of their constitutional rights;
Restrictions for a significant part of the population of vital environment has negative social and economic consequences for the whole society;
The level of economic development of Russia allows part of the funds to form a barrier-free environment;
Available environment, including transport infrastructure, contributes to the innovative development of the economy.
The resources that receive the public sector accumulating the revenues of state and municipal budgets are implemented in the form of public expenses under which the use of resources in order to meet the needs of public benefits and the implementation of social redistribution processes. Sometimes the market mechanism does not allow to achieve a pa-reto-efficient placement of resources. Due to a number of reasons, situations may arise, called market failures, in which the market does not cope with their functions, or can not ensure the production of good, or cannot provide its production in an effective amount. It is a similar inability to ensure that
stupidity, despite adopted laws, can be considered as a basis for state intervention in the economy. There should be an understanding of competitive advantages that gives accessibility to make this mechanism to work in full force.
The main task force of the state budget policy is to improve the life of the population. For its implementation, the concentration of sufficient budget expenditures in priority areas and industries capable of strengthening economic potential and at the same time increase the budget revenues. One of the mechanisms of accommodation and redistribution of public goods - program-target budget planning. The effectiveness of its implementation depends on the quality of development of the target program. In this regard, research aimed at developing regional programs for the accessibility of environment and transport infrastructure, determining the amount of funding and socio-economic efficiency of programs, acquire special relevance.
Methods for the formation of available transport infrastructure. In Sibadi since 2004, research is underway on the organization of transport services for people with disabilities. During this time, a methodology for the formation of available transport infrastructure (TI) was formed, based on a program-target approach and project management (Project Management) and including an economic assessment of accessibility (Fig.).
1. Detection of problems of accessibility
2. Transformation of problems in the goal
3. Development of investment projects for accessibility
Scientific methodical financial
Town planning transport
Legal technical
Social organizational
Economic information
Investment environmental
4. Audit of accessibility
Factors
availability
6. Development of the target program; 5. Justification of costs for providing
Examination and approval of the availability of
7. Preparation of competitive documentation 8. Implementation of investment projects
Holding contests for the availability of
10. Evaluation of the effectiveness of investment - 9. Formation of the project team;
online projects on accessibility control; Control
Methods of formation of available transport infrastructure
Consider certain items of this technique in the context of the development of regional accessibility programs.
1. The development of regional and municipal accessibility programs begins to identify problems. The tools here are sociological surveys, home-based surveys (audit) and an analysis of the impact of accessibility on the social and economic development of society. The identification of transport accessibility problems is carried out on the basis of the analysis of the process of movement of people with disabilities. Such movements are carried out in vital activity: "Housing - Wednesday - Transport infrastructure - objects", where individual elements of service systems are included. Each system element has a set of indicators characterizing its availability: slopes, dimensions, dimensions, distances, time, safety, cost, efficiency. In most cases, a system of transport services for a certain level (municipal, regional, federal) is involved. From the state of its availability depends the degree of realization of the needs of the MGN. Transport infrastructure availability analysis large cities RF revealed problems requiring decisions.
Scientific and methodological problems are associated with the lack of methods for the formation of available transport infrastructure and evaluating its effectiveness. Not enough attention is paid to the conduct of research and training. Availability activities are not always laid at the infrastructure design stage, which increases costs and reduces their effectiveness.
Town planning problems are associated with the fact that housing, urban environment, transport and social infrastructures are not adapted to move MGN. All this takes a lot of time, forces and means to move, leads to an excessive robbing of transport, overloading the street-road network and the deterioration of ecology. The sections of urban planning documentation in accessibility are formal nature and are not always implemented, the novelty of the subject and the lack of training system affects.
Legal problems in many regions are associated with gaps in the legislative and regulatory framework and the absence of accessibility examination. Transport infrastructure facilities often give up with violations of availability requirements.
Social problems. Disability is not the attribute of the person himself, the transport unavailability forms the social and environmental component of disabilities and leads to technological discrimination of persons with disabilities. This can also include medical and educational problems: the first are associated with difficulties in the rehabilitation of persons with disabilities, the second is their training and integration into society.
Economic problems. The inaccessibility of the transport infrastructure for the disabled and the MNG causes significant economic damage associated with the action of numerous negative factors. Inaccessibility of business significantly affects its attendance and profitability. Low mobility generates unemployment and poverty among people with disabilities, and for the state - an increase in social spending. Inaccessibility restrains consumer expenses, which affects the economy. This problem concerns not only the disabled and their families, but also the economic and social development of the entire society, where the human potential remains unclaimed, which ultimately affects GDP growth.
Investment problems. To obtain a reliable assessment of the effectiveness of investment in the development of the transport complex, the accessibility factor is required. There is no mechanism for stimulating state and non-state structures to enhance activities in terms of ensuring the availability of social and transport infrastructure facilities for disabled people and low-cattle citizens.
Problems of financing. The disadvantage and neulturality of financing leads to the fact that the work on the construction and reconstruction of transport (social, engineering) infrastructure is carried out in a limited date and with low quality. Practice shows that the main criterion of competitive selections - the lowest proposed price negatively affects the quality and set of consumer properties of the final product.
Transport problems are associated with the lack of a well-established system of transport services for disabled. Considered forms of transport services: individual transport, pedestrian movement, social taxi, urban and extragorable passenger transport, functioning of specialized routes.
Technical problems are associated with the lagging of the rehabilitation industry. There are no typical solutions to issues of access
objects of social and transport infrastructures, rolling stock. Slowly introduced innovative technologies in the process of passenger traffic.
Organizational problems are associated with the lack of a system for the formation of an affordable transport infrastructure in most regions. When solving availability issues, project management methods are not used, and the operating activities of administrative structures are not focused on solving complex tasks. In addition, such structures due to the novelty themes have not yet been created.
Information problems are associated with the lack of a database on the availability of transport infrastructure facilities, there is no register of wheelchairs. There are no indicators in a system of statistical accounting, reflecting the availability of housing, social and transport infrastructures for MGN. The system of objective criteria and methods of conducting an audit of accessibility for disabled buildings and structures, means of transport, communications and information, relevant design and technical documentation, instructions and procedures for its implementation are not developed.
Environmental problems are associated with excessive triggles of transport, outdated rolling stock, overload of the street-road network and an increase in harmful emissions caused by the underdevelopment and inaccessibility of pedestrian and transport routes of communication.
2. These problems according to project management techniques are transformed into goals and objectives and are solved at the current scientific level using domestic and foreign experience. Approaches to solving the problems provided:
The development of the new scientific direction "Economics of Availability", which examines the impact of accessibility on the development of the economy;
The implementation of the entire set of measures to form a barrier-free environment, including training, the use of the principles of universal design and sections in accessibility in urban planning documentation;
Improvement of the regulatory and legislative base at the federal, regional and municipal levels;
Providing invalids of equal access to prestigious values \u200b\u200bin this society: to receive educational, medical, socially domestic and other social services, decent work;
Determination of damage from the inaccessibility of transport infrastructure and the substantiation of costs for accessibility activities;
Development of investment projects using a state-owned partnership mechanism and assess their social and economic efficiency;
Determination of measures of motivation and stimulating the implementation of activities in accessibility, the creation of a mechanism for their sustainable funding;
Increase in the mobility of the population by organizing transport services to disabled and MGN with the choice of forms TOI, work on the adaptation of the route network and rolling stock;
Development of the production base of means of accessibility and rehabilitation, modernization of the rolling stock of passenger transport;
Organization of databases on the availability of transport infrastructure facilities for MGN;
Formation of an effective management system for the development of transport infrastructure, taking into account availability;
Improving the availability of the pedestrian and transport network, which will reduce the transportation of transport, unload the street-road network and reduce the amount of harmful emissions;
The use of an integrated approach to the rehabilitation of persons with disabilities, which consists of three components: medical, social and labor directions.
Currently, rehabilitation is considered not only as a system of measures of specific directions, but also as a process of change in a state of disabled. The most promising way to integrate disabled people to society is social rehabilitation, which is customary to consider through the socio-cultural inclusion and independent lifestyle, in which the barrel-ery medium and affordable transport plays an important role.
3. The barrier-free medium is a public good that improves the quality of life of the entire population. By functional classification budget spending States Availability relates to expenditures on social policy, transport, road management, communications and informatics and is the consumables of the state. Development of investment projects in accessibility has a number of features. Obligations to create favorable conditions for the disabled apply to the organization, regardless of the forms of ownership, therefore, investors who want to improve their initiators
sew the availability of your business. In any case, the development of projects in accessibility begins with an assessment of an existing provision with accessibility.
4. Sibadi developed universal
the methodology for conducting an audit of the availability of various objects, which includes: the selection of an object for verification, the selection of the Commission's composition, drawing up a list of regulatory requirements, checking their compliance and the development of measures to eliminate them. We have developed a system of coefficients reflecting the availability of various elements of a vital activity for low-breed citizens: 0
Availability is not required; 0.1 ... 1 - not available; 1,1__2 - Available with outsiders
power; 2.1.3 - Available independently. The advantages of such a system lies in the transition from expert assessments to specific indicators, allowing to analyze, systematize and improve accessibility. These criteria can be used in a statistical accounting system.
5. In many regions, target programs for the formation of a barbell-ery medium, adopted on the basis of FDP "Social support for disabled for 2006-2010". Their analysis showed a large scatter of financing. Assess the financial capabilities of the regions in financing targeted programs, it is possible on the basis of their value with respect to the GRP of the region and per 1 inhabitant. Oscillations are significant: from
0,02 % (Samara Region) up to 2.12% (Lipetsk region). According to specific values, the values \u200b\u200bare also collected: 3495.3 rubles. for 1 resident (Moscow) and 2025.6 rubles. (Omsk region).
Difficulties in the development of regional and municipal targeted programs based on GP "Available Wednesday" for 2011-2015. We are financial and technical. Despite the fact that this procedure is registered by federal legislation, in some subjects there are still no regional regulations that determine the procedure for developing and adopting targeted programs.
6. In the Omsk region, a long-term target program "Affordable Wednesday" was developed for 2011-2015. with a financing amount 2.4 billion rubles. Program activities are aimed at the formation of the availability of social, engineering and transport infrastructure for persons with disabilities, which will contribute to overcoming the self-insulation of persons with disabilities, an increase in their individual mobility and social activity, creating conditions
for independent lifestyle. The activities of the Program are developed on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of the situation of persons with disabilities in the Omsk region, identifying existing restrictions and barriers that prevent the availability of vital activity for persons with disabilities, and the influence of them on the socio-economic development of the Omsk region. The programming method will allow you to more effectively use financial resources, concentrating them on solving priority tasks, ensure a comprehensive solution to the problems indicated by this program.
As part of the direction of "providing unhindered access of persons with disabilities to the objects of social, engineering and transport infrastructure, measures will be implemented to introduce the principles of universal design primarily at the main objects of social infrastructure, the adaptation of buildings, premises adjacent to the territories for disabled. This will create conditions providing specified category The population is equal with all citizens the opportunity to use social, engineering and transport infrastructure facilities, which will increase their level of individual mobility with the maximum possible degree of independence.
7. The package of competitive documentation is formed on the basis of the adopted program. The Customer of the Regional Program is the Government of the Omsk Region, the Contractor-Coordinator - the Ministry of Labor and Social Development of the Omsk Region, contractual organizations are determined in the order of competitive selection. Here there are certain risks that need to be foreseen in advance, for example, failure to comply with the contract for the time limit, the low quality of work and so on. The tool for minimizing them can act as a competitive selection criteria. In addition to mandatory requirements, it is advisable to mortgage certain guarantees from contractors. The customer in turn is obliged to provide financing in a timely manner.
8. The implementation of availability requirements is carried out by the methods of new construction or reconstruction of existing facilities, by purchasing adapted rolling stock and equipment. At the same time, all solutions must be simple, recognizable, high-quality, durable, reliable and made in one style, which must be developed. In connection with this task
must include a scientific component - this is a study of accessibility issues that may include the development of accessibility criteria and measures to ensure them, training specialists in a barrier-free environment, participation in the development of projects, technologies, selection of materials, decor elements, architectural elements, color solutions, fonts, sound accompaniment, accounting for the principles of universal design, etc.
9. Even if the target program has been developed and adopted, its high-quality implementation requires its customer-coordinator (directorate) of great efforts. Abroad For these purposes, project management technology (Project Management) is used, a project team is formed. As a rule, a serious program is a number of projects related to each other, which is coordinated to achieve the advantages and degree of manageability, inaccessible when managing them separately. Project management technology provides for the analysis phase, including the definition of participants, their key problems, obstacles and opportunities, finding out causal relationships, developing goals, identifying various strategies to achieve the goal, the designation of common goals and objectives of the project. At the planning phase, the project structure is determined, checking its internal logic, as well as the formulation of goals and results in measurable values, approximate resource assessment, the sequence and dependence of actions, duration and distribution of responsibility are determined. In a market economy, any program or project is associated with investment and expected income. The team implementing the project is interested in its maximum efficiency.
The most important element of the qualitative implementation of activities in accessibility should be controlled by publicly disabled organizations, authorities and local self-government. Attracting people with disability, user experts allows you to activate the process of forming a barrier-free environment and avoid errors. It often happens that the project of the accessibility event is envisaged, but in the process of its implementation are messed up, or they do not meet the needs of small citizens. In Moscow, for example, in the social protection bodies, departments for a barrier-free medium were created, which exercise the examination of ready-made objects to accessibility and where
publication projects starting with design tasks.
Due to the fact that investments in a comprehensive reconstruction to ensure accessibility are investments in real assets: in the development of land and territories, construction and reconstruction of direct residential buildings, cultural and transport infrastructure facilities, to calculate the social and economic effect of the program difficult . In economic science there are directions dedicated to national economy, production, management, ecology, individual industries and industry sectors. Methods have been developed to determine the effectiveness of reducing harmful emissions from the transition to innovative methods of farming, from the introduction of advanced technologies, etc. However, there is no partition in which processes related to the effectiveness of the formation of a barrier-free environment and an assessment of their impact on the economy would be investigated countries. Disabled - one of the most unprotected categories of citizens by virtue of not only their social status, but also limited opportunities. Nevertheless, struggling for their rights, they improve the quality of life, making a living environment not only accessible, but also comfortable for the entire population. The positive effect is enhanced repeatedly in all sectors of the national economy.
In many countries with developed economies, the fruits obtained as a result of the introduction of qualitatively developed market strategies, which are the object of elderly and people with disabilities are already reaping. Studies show that the market created by the elderly, only waiting for its discovery. The annual income of the restaurant and hotel business in the United States grew by 12% by introducing standards provided for by the act of Americans with disabilities adopted in 1990. People with disabilities also represent a rich source of unused potential to create jobs. The economic consequences of unemployment are primarily expressed primarily in the loss of part of the gross national product (GNP). The American researcher A. Oken estimated that every percent exceeding the unemployment rate reduces the volume of GNP by 2.5%. In our country, it is estimated that an increase in 1% of the number of people with disabilities will increase admission to the consolidated budget (including the pension budget
of the Fund of the Russian Federation) by 1.5 billion rubles. In Europe and North America, tourism market for people with disabilities and their companions grow rapidly and is estimated at billions of dollars. In Russia, for example, the implementation of the project "Sochi - a hospitable city", taking into account accessibility for low-friendly people, will allow not only to hold Paralympic games in 2014, but in the future to enjoy the available infrastructure of the city to millions of vacationers, which will lead to the development of industries related to tourism and services, employment and development of the economy of the entire region.
The significance of a barrier-free environment, taking into account financial and economic efficiency, is to: improve the quality of life of the entire population, reducing the timing of temporary disability, increasing the value of the territories, reducing street injuries, the organization of pedestrian and cycling, improving mobility and improving the health of the population, increasing employment The quality of transport services, integration of persons with disabilities in society, increasing budget revenues, enhancing the cultural level, consumer spending growth, growth of business incomes and commercial structures, ultimately, accessibility leads to an increase in regional economy.
The use of these approaches will contribute to improving the efficiency of the availability process and will improve the quality of life of the entire population to the level of international standards. The implementation of the State Program "Affordable Wednesday" throughout the country using new project management technologies is, of course, the innovative path of development of the economy.
1. Federal target programs. -
iK: http://fcp.vpk.ru (date of handling:
2. Signing and ratifying the Convention and Protocol / Rights and Dignity of Disabled // UN. - Ik: http://www.un.org/russian/dis-ability/countries.asp?navid\u003d23&pid\u003d612 (date of handling: 03/27/2011).
3. Voskolovich N. A. Economics, organization and management of the public sector: Textbook for universities / ed. N. A. Voschlo-HIV. - M.: Uniti-Dana, 2008. - 367 p.
4. Safronov K. E., Leonova L. S. Software approach to the formation of a barier-based environment // Labor and social relations: Scientific Journal of the Academy of Labor and Social Relations. - 2010. - № 8 (74). - P. 128-133.
5. Safronov K. E. The effectiveness of the organization of transport services for disabled people in cities: monograph. - M.: DS, 2010. - 208 p.
6. Safronov K. E. Methodical foundations of the formation of an affordable environment of cities and regions // Questions of planning and building cities: Materials of the XVI International Scientific Center. conf. / Ed. prof. Yu. V. Kruglov, Doc. V. S. Glukhova. - Penza: PGUAS, 2009. -S.50-53.
7. Safronov K. E. Management of the formation of a barrier-free environment in the cities and regions of the Russian Federation // Economics. Entrepreneurship. Environment: International Journal. - 2010. - № 3 (43). - P. 23-30.
8. Safronov K. E. Town planning methods for the formation of a barrier-free medium // AsaBBM1A. Architecture and construction: Scientific peer-reviewed magazine. - 2011. -№ 1.- S. 71-75.
3. Tasks aimed at achieving the goal 3
"Ensuring the availability and quality of transport services
for the population in accordance with the social standards "
In order to ensure the availability and quality of transport services for the population, the following main tasks are planned to be solved in accordance with social standards:
Planning for the development of passenger transport systems and rolling stock based on the forecast of socio-economic development and the transport and economic balance;
The development of high-speed and high-speed rail passenger traffic;
Development of passenger transportation on socially significant routes;
Development and implementation of social transport standards;
Formation of the economic and legal model of the competitive market of available and high-quality transport services for the population. Improvement of admission to commercial activities in the field of passenger traffic;
Development of regional air transport;
Development of systems of urban, suburban passenger transport and local transport (rural);
The creation of intelligent transport systems to improve the quality of passenger traffic using modern information and telecommunication technologies and the GLONASS global navigation system, as well as technologies for controlling vehicles and flows;
The development of multimodal passenger traffic in regional, interregional and international Message.
The solution to the task of planning the development of passenger transport systems and rolling stock based on the forecast of socio-economic development and the transport and economic balance includes:
Determination based on the forecast of socio-economic development and the transport and economic balance sheet of the optimal need for passenger rolling stock parks for the implementation by transport enterprises of highly efficient economically sound transport technologies, providing the necessary amount and quality of transport services in the field of passenger traffic, as well as the implementation of a single transport policy in the field of planning and management on passenger transport;
Motivating transport enterprises to development, including renewal (reducing age), parks of passenger rolling stock of transport (passenger cars, motor vehicles, river cruise and passenger ships, ships under russian flag, aircraft), ensuring competitive schemes for lending to updating vehicle parks, as well as promoting the development of a passenger rolling stock fleet, which is not inferior to the technical and economic parameters of world analogues.
On railway transport - mass renewal of the passenger rolling stock fleet with the replacement of morally obsolete cars and electric trains to modern;
On sea transport - construction of passenger ships, including cruise and marine passenger terminals;
On inland water transport - construction of passenger ships (including regional transportation) and cruise ships;
In air transport - the purchase of passenger aircraft and stimulating the acquisition of Russian-made aircraft.
The solution of this task will improve the parameters of passenger vehicles, plan the volume of their development, improve the quality and safety of passenger service.
The solution to the task of the development of high-speed and high-speed rail passenger traffic provides:
Expansion of accessibility areas for the population of high-speed and high-speed long-distance passenger traffic;
The development of suburban high-speed passenger traffic, including intermodal transport, to communicate between the airport and the city.
The implementation of these measures is ensured by the development of railway high-speed passenger traffic in far following and fast traffic in the suburban message, the creation of high-speed isolated lines, as well as the separation of freight and passenger traffic in individual directions.
The development of high-speed and high-speed rail traffic will ensure improvement of the quality of life of the population in the country, will expand the radius of socio-economic activity around cities, increase the transport accessibility of economic centers, will create conditions for the development of high-tech industries, will allow you to organize new jobs and provide access to the qualified workforce.
The solution to the task of developing passenger transportation on socially significant routes includes:
Ensuring the transport of passengers on socially significant routes, including their price availability, including in the regions of the Far North, in the Kaliningrad region, in the Far East and in Transbaikalia;
Ensuring the transportation of preferential categories of passengers and the provision of transportation services for the tariffs established below the economically reasonable level;
Ensuring the transport of passengers by inland water transport in hard-to-reach northern and eastern regions, where it is non-alternative and life-supporting;
The implementation of these measures is ensured by the implementation of the following activities:
On railway transport - the improvement of state regulation and forms of state support in the implementation of socially significant traffic;
On marine and inland water transport - the improvement of state regulation and forms of state support in the implementation of socially significant transportation, the construction of a passenger fleet and the development of coastal infrastructure for the service of passengers;
In air transport - the improvement of state regulation and forms of state support in the implementation of socially significant traffic.
The decision of this task will ensure the availability of transport services for the categories of the population in need of social support, as well as provide socially significant transport links on remote and hard-to-reach territories, including in the districts of the North, Siberia and the Far East, as well as in areas equal to them.
Solving the task of developing and implementing social transport standards provides:
Development of the financial and economic and estimated model of social transport standards;
The development and implementation of a program for the implementation of social transport standards first at the minimum level, and then in accordance with the program of their development on a progressive scale;
Creating an affordable transport environment for persons with disabilities and other low-friendly populations;
The modernization of parks of the rolling stock of the automotive and urban ground electric transport of common use for the transport of low-handed citizens;
Creation of links between urban agglomerations using automotive and railway speed and high-speed transport;
Improving the availability of air transportation for the population (the development of aviation mobility).
The solution of this task will ensure the availability and quality of passenger transport services for all categories of the population, as well as create the conditions for increasing the level of these services on a progressive scale. Social transport standards will become one of the landmarks, in accordance with which the development of transport infrastructure and transport services for the population will be carried out.
The solution to the task of forming the economic and legal model of the competitive market of available and high-quality transport services for the population, as well as to improve admission to commercial activities in the field of passenger traffic provides:
The development of the economic and legal model of the market of competitive transport services in the field of passenger traffic and the creation of an effective mechanism for state control of the real level of competition and regulating the market for transportation services for transportation of passengers;
Improving the state regulation of natural monopolies in the field of passenger rail transport and airport;
Development of the Tariff Regulation System for Passenger Automobile Transport, Improving the system for providing funds for the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation to exercise expenses to ensure equal availability of services road transport general use of the population, as well as improving the mechanisms for compensation of drop-down income when regulating tariffs on passenger Transportation;
Improvement of the rules of admission to commercial activities in the field of passenger traffic and admission control mechanisms;
Improving the mechanism for compensation for income losses from the implementation of state tariff regulation in the field of passenger traffic on railway transport and on socially significant transportation by other types of transport;
Improvement of the complex of state support for regional aviation development based on the interaction of federal, regional and municipal governments;
State support for the development of river passenger traffic on the basis of compensation measures and the effective interaction of federal, regional and municipal government bodies;
Improving legal support for efficient carrier competition on the route network public transport;
Restriction of unproductive competition based on reducing the cost of transportation to the detriment of the safety and quality of transport services;
Motivating the modernization of transport systems in order to introduce innovative transport technologies for transportation of passengers, increasing this accessibility and quality of transport services for the population.
The implementation of these measures is ensured by the implementation of the following activities:
On railway transport - improving the quality of passenger traffic and improving tariff regulation;
On road transport - improving the tariff regulation and state support for the development of passenger traffic;
In air transport - the improvement of tariff regulation and state support for the development of passenger traffic.
The solution of this task will make it possible to form a system of state regulation of the competitive market of high-quality transport services in the field of transportation of passengers. It is envisaged to create an effective competitive environment and requirements for market participants, which will make it economically appropriate on their part of the sustainable increase in the availability, quality and safety of passenger traffic. Along with this, conditions will be formed to ensure sustainable implementation and development of types of passenger traffic, whose significance is undoubted for society.
The solution to the development of regional air transportation provides:
Development of regional airline infrastructure;
Improving the structure of the routes of the aircraft message.
The implementation of these measures is ensured by improving the state regulation of passenger transportation activities at the federal and regional levels.
Solution of the specified task will increase the availability of the air transport message For most people in the country, create additional direct transport links between the regions and within them.
The solution to the task of the development of urban, suburban passenger transport and transportation of local importance (rural) provides for:
Conducting a set of measures aimed at increasing the speed of transportation of common use and reducing the average time of transport accessibility in urban agglomerations (time of travel of pendulum migration in transport);
An increase in the ergonomic attractiveness (comfort) of the rolling stock of public transport for the population;
Development of technologies and organizational measures aimed at increasing the regularity of the transport of common use in urban agglomerations, as well as local transport (rural);
Development in the countryside of roads with solid coating, providing settlements by constant year-round communication with a network of public roads;
Improving the availability, quality and volume of services provided by passenger railway stations;
State support for the development of urban development programs water transport in major citieshaving inland waterways.
The implementation of these measures is ensured by the implementation of the following activities:
On railway transport - strengthening the role of a suburban and intracity railway communication for the needs of the population of agglomerations in transport services;
On city transport - the development of transport systems providing high-speed communication using rail transport and buses;
In the road economy - construction in the countryside of roads with a solid coating, providing settlements by constant year-round communication with the network of public roads;
On sea transport - construction of transport and transfers in seaports;
On the inland water transport - the construction of transport and transfers in river ports, the development of intracity and suburban passenger traffic.
The solution of this task will improve the transport situation in cities, especially in large urban agglomerations, reduce the duration of travel, increase their predictability of time, increase the attractiveness of public passenger transport for the population, as well as improve the transportation of the population in inter-municipal and intrahonal communication.
The solution to the task of creating intelligent transport systems to improve the quality of passenger traffic using modern information and telecommunication technologies and the global GLONASS navigation system, vehicle management technologies and streams provide:
Equipment of the fleet of the rolling stock of the automotive and urban ground electric transport of common use by modern information and telecommunication systems and the GLONASS global navigation system;
Equipment of the street and road network in the cities, as well as the main departure federal highways and adjacent roads of the regional and municipal importance by technical means of road traffic and the system of collecting information on traffic flows connected to intelligent transport systems providing ground public transport management;
The development of intellectual transport systems providing land public transport management - expansion of controlling zones and improving management efficiency, raising speed and rhythm, sustainability of public transport with minimal interference to other traffic participants;
Development of passenger and participants in motion participants, as well as the creation of demand management systems in city agglomerations.
The solution of the task of creating intelligent transport systems in the field of passenger traffic will increase the efficiency of public transportation in the face of restrictions on the bandwidth of the infrastructure and oscillations of the loading of the road network, increase the stability of its work and attractiveness for the population compared to the private car, and also reduce due to This is loading the street-road network.
The solution to the problem of the development of multimodal passenger traffic in the regional, interregional and international communication includes:
Development of hub technology of passenger traffic;
Stimulating the development of information services and related services to the passengers on multimodal transport;
Formation of a network of multimodal social transport.
The implementation of these measures is ensured by the implementation of the following activities:
On railway transport - the implementation of projects to increase the integration of distant, suburban and intracity rail transportation, modernization of railway stations and stations with the creation of transport and transfers in their infrastructure, the development of railway connections with the largest airports of the country;
In air transport - the development of hub technologies and the improvement of passenger service technologies;
In the transport complex - the creation and development of multimodal transport and transfers, the introduction of a universal multimodal ticket for an internal message, including in electronic form, as well as for international communication.
The decision of this task will improve the quality of transportation services for the population in part of the convenience of using several types of transport, reducing time and physical costs during transfers, optimizing routes of multimodal trips, as well as provide additional solvent demand for transportation for transport enterprises involved in effective multimodal passenger chains .
An important complex of measures to improve the availability and quality of transport services in the field of passenger traffic as part of the achievement of the Goal 3 is preparation for the 2018 World Cup. This set of events provides:
Updating the passenger rolling stock of transport - passenger cars, motor vehicles to ensure transport services for the World Cup, an increase in the ergonomic attractiveness (comfort) of the rolling stock of public transport for passengers, including the modernization of the rolling stock of automotive and urban ground electric vehicles common use for the transport of low-cattle citizens;
On city transport - the development of public transportation systems, providing high-speed communication using rail transport and buses, the development of suburban high-speed passenger traffic, including intermodal transport, to communicate between the airport and the city, as well as such shipments in the distant investigation and in the suburban message;
Increasing the speed of transportation of common use, a decrease in the average time of transport accessibility of objects of competition, as well as an increase in the regularity of the movement of common transport;
Improving the legal provision of effective carrier competition on the route network of common use;
Improving the quality and amount of services provided by train stations, airports (including with the use of hub passenger transport technologies), as well as the construction of new transport and transplant nodes;
Equipment of the street and road network in cities - participating in the competition, major departure federal highways and adjacent road roads of regional and municipal importance by technical means of road traffic organization and systems for collecting traffic flow information connected to ITS, providing public transportation management, expansion of zones controlled motion and improving management efficiency, as well as increased speed and rhythm, sustainability of public transport with minimal interference to other participants in the movement;
Equipping the rolling stock of the automotive and urban ground electric transport of common use by modern information and telecommunication and global navigation systems (GLONASS);
The creation of uniform electronic selling tickets and payment for travel on several types of transport;
The development of passenger informing systems and participants in the cities participating in the competition.
The main measures to solve problems in the framework of achieving the goal 3 are given in Appendix N 4 to the transport strategy.
(Riga pl., 1, Hall 3)Beginning at 20:00
Working language - Russian
Additional inputregistration
Event in Facebook.
Higher School of Urbanstikov invites to the next meeting of the transport lecture, which will be held in thursday, May 31 at 20:00 in a buiding Riga Station. Pavel Chistyakov, Vice President will read a lecture on the topic "How to improve transport accessibility and improve the quality of transport infrastructure in Russia?".
In his lecture, Pavel Alexandrovich will tell about the report"Integrated Transport System" which was prepared under his leadership the Center for Strategic Developments in conjunction with the Center for Infrastructure Economics.
According to the World Economic Forum, Russia ranks 64 out of 144 possible transport infrastructure. And in terms of quality of highways - 123 place. According to the authors of the study, this is due to the fact that due to the high capital intensity, the complexity of the regulation and ambiguity of development goals, the domestic transport infrastructure has long fallen out of state priorities.
The transport system of Russia has become one of the limiters of the development of the economy and human capital of the country. Even at a significant and promising projects, the State of the years does not make decisions, preserving the project at the preliminary stage and thereby worsening the investment climate in the industry. The situation is also complicated by the fact that there is no reliable statistics characterizing the needs of the population and business in the transport infrastructure.
Nevertheless, according to the authors of the report, the qualitative transformation of the Russian transport system is possible in the next 5 years. For this, its development model should meet modern social, environmental and technological challenges and maximize the development of related industries. The transport system may have to become a driver of economic growth in the period up to 2035.
In the CCR report "Integrated transport system»Presented ways to solve three key problems of the Russian transport complex: technological backwardness, misconvening and not enough effective state regulation.
How to increase the availability of the country's territories? How to bring the city and countryside, Western and Eastern regions, house and work, Russia and its trading partners closer to each other?
To accelerate the rate of economic growth and its decentralization, to involve small cities and villages in the zone of influence of agglomerations should be focused on special efforts to develop a supporting frame of transport infrastructure, regional and local aviation, digitalization of transport infrastructure and the development of transport systems of settlements.
The "Integrated Transport System" report proposed a set of programs and projects for the development of the transport network, which will significantly affect the transport accessibility of the country. Pavel Alexandrovich will tell about this in detail in his speech. Read the materials of the report canlink .
.jpg) | Pavel Chistyakov He graduated from the Geographical Faculty of Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov. In 2004-2009 He was engaged in scientific activities at Moscow University, from 2009 to 2011. was the leading expert of the Foundation"Center for Strategic Developments" , then headed the Department for the interaction with the regions of the CSR. Currently P.A. Cleaners is a vice presidentCenter for Economics Infrastructure . Its specialization is regional policies, strategic planning of the socio-economic development of regions and cities, as well as modeling socio-economic and budgetary effects from infrastructure development. |
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Order of the Government of the Russian Federation from 22-11-2008 1734-R (2019) relevant in 2018
3. Ensuring the availability and quality of transport services for the population in accordance with social standards
In order to ensure all types of transport accessibility and quality of transportation services for the population, the following activities will be carried out in accordance with social standards:
ensuring the transport of passengers on socially significant routes, the price availability of transport services, including in the districts of the Far North, in the Kaliningrad region, in the Far East and in Transbaikalia, the development and implementation of coherent schemesport and motor transportation schemes for transportation on local social routes in remote regions ;
development and implementation of the program for the implementation of minimum social transport standards to ensure the possibility of moving all the segments of the country in the country, ensuring their implementation on a progressive scale, taking into account the improvement of the conditions of transport service;
development of urban and suburban passenger transport systems;
regulation of admission to commercial activities in the field of passenger traffic;
the development of the passenger rolling stock fleet, not inferior to the technical and economic parameters of world counterparts.
development of systems providing high-speed and high-speed passenger traffic.
In the field of railway transport in the field of passenger traffic, the following decision was made on the termination of their cross-subsidization due to freight traffic and gradual attracting funds for these purposes of the federal budget.
The continuation of the implementation of state policy in the field of socially significant passenger rail transportation should be the legislative support for compensation of income losses arising from state regulation of tariffs for passenger transportation. At the same time, the formation of an appropriate mechanism for compensation for income losses from the implementation of state tariff regulation in the field of passenger traffic in the suburban report should be provided.
With the growth of passenger turnover by 32.9 percent, high-quality passenger traffic indicators will be significantly improved. The precinct speed of passenger trains in the distant investigation will increase at the main directions to 72 km / h, or 18.6 percent.
Improving the availability and quality of transport services for the population should be carried out in the following areas:
development of suburban-urban passenger communications with sections transformation railways in high-speed and high-speed systems to ensure comfortable travel conditions, reduce the cost of the passenger time on the trip, unloading in large cities of the metro and ground passenger transport in peak hours, for which it is necessary to increase the number suburban trains At radial directions in order to reduce the intervals and reduce the flow of electric trains in peak hours, the development of intracity traffic due to the intensification of the use of diametrical directions and increases in the future of their quantity, an increase in the number of compact transplant nodes, the development of interregional transportation by trains increased comfort type "express", the organization of passenger transportation between megalopolis and large regional centers using satellite trains, the organization of intermodal passenger transportation by specialized rolling stock to airports;
improving the availability, quality and volume of services provided by railway stations;
improving booking systems using the Internet, as well as the introduction of non-cash payment systems;
further improvement of the system of state regulation of tariffs on railway transport.
In the field of road transport, it is necessary to ensure the priority development of general use of general use, which has a modern production and technical base and the optimal structure of motor vehicles, taking into account the increase in its share in the transportation performed.
Improving the availability and quality of transport services for the population will be carried out in the following areas:
implementation of a single transport policy in the field of planning and management on passenger car transport aimed at eliminating the restrictions of population access to the services of passenger automobile transport;
creating entrances K. settlementsproviding year-round and non-weathering bus traffic from weather and climatic conditions;
improving the route network of passenger transport of common use and its arrangement, aimed at ensuring convenience for the population based on the implementation of quality standards;
expanding the geographical accessibility of passenger transport by introducing minimal transport standards, including for servicing persons with disabilities, and passenger transport of common use in rural areas.
New infrastructure and technological solutions will reduce by 2030 the costs of passenger time on the rides by passenger automotive public utilities by 25-30 percent relative to the 2007 level.
In the field of tariff regulation, in order to increase the availability of transport services for the population, it is necessary:
further development of the Tariff Regulation System for Passenger Automobile Transport;
improving the system for the provision of inter-budget transfers to the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation to exercise expenses to ensure equal availability of automotive transport services to the public;
determination and use of compensation mechanisms of drop-down income in the regulation of tariffs (for example, on the basis of social state contracts to ensure transportation on socially significant routes).
In the field of air transport to improve the quality of transport services, it is supposed to implement the following events:
improving the quality of the transportation process, including certification russian airlines according to the standards of the program developed International Association air transport;
increased comfort, frequency and regularity, list extension additional services (Food, Entertainment, Communication Services) and ensuring the attractive cost of air ticket due to updating the aircraft park and the development of competition between airlines, the creation of aviation alliances (including participation in international) and low-budget airlines, equipping aircraft and airfields equipment providing the possibility of operation In difficult meteo conditions, the introduction of an effective system of maintenance and repair of new generation aircraft, which are characterized by an abbreviated idle time when searching and eliminating faults, the introduction of modern passenger service technologies, including electronic, cutting the duration of the terrestrial passenger transfer to the airport by organizing an effective transportation links between airports and settlements.
The development of the competitive market for transport services will be carried out in the following areas:
elimination of unjustified administrative and economic barriers to competition of air transport operators;
commercialization of air transport infrastructure services with the involvement of private operators;
market liberalization and improving the mechanisms of certification, licensing and confirming the compliance of airline enterprises established requirements for air transport activities, including a reduction in the use of quantitative quotas and replacing them with high-quality, differentiation of certification requirements for airlines, operators and organizations of the air services of different levels, gradual transition to softer and more general regulation forms, the creation of a nationwide system for regulating the time intervals of the flight interval at the airport (slots);
the introduction of procedures for accreditation of manufacturers and suppliers of aviation fuel and lubricants and tracks that ensure safety and regularity of flights, including certification of aviation fuel and lubricants in order to operate aircraft with low and ultra-low ambient temperatures.
Stimulating structural transformations in the industry in terms of business consolidation on the commercial segment of the air transport market due to the tightening of the requirements for the quality of the operator's work, the preservation of the Russian air carriers of the exclusive right to fulfill the internal air transportation until 2020. In 2021-2030, the issue of providing foreign airlines in Russia to broader commercial rights (degrees of air freedom) may be considered.
Improving the availability and quality of air transport services for consumers will be achieved due to:
satisfying demand by expanding the spectrum and geography of air transport services, the development of the Park of modern aircraft, bringing the structure of the supply of air transportation and aviation work to the structure of demand for them;
improve the safety of air transportation, including environmental, to world level;
ensuring the availability of air transport services for the main part of the population;
expansion of rational use civil aviation, general appointment and business aviation development.
Increasing the price availability of air transportation will be carried out by:
reducing the cost of transportation by developing competition between airlines, increasing the intensity of exploitation and optimization of aircraft fleet;
containing the growth of airport fees and rates for airline airline service by increasing the additional income of airports from non-aviation activities;
implementation of flexible tariff policy for various categories of consumer services and service classes, including by creating "cheap" airlines.
The priority is the development of commercial aviation transport and work, which should ensure the satisfaction of the main demand for air transport services.
Within the framework of this market segment, state policy priorities are determined on the basis of providing conditions for development, primarily domestic air traffic and works, including socially significant local airlines that have no year-round transport alternatives, as well as such main airlines providing transport integrity of the state As airlines connecting the city center Kaliningrad region, the regions of the Far North, Siberia and the Far East. The growth rates of this market segment should exceed the development of the international transport segment of Russian airlines performed in a message with the airports of the country.
In the field of regulation of aviation tariffs, the following tasks are solved:
restriction of limit levels of tariffs in order to ensure the availability of services for most potential consumers, preventing the short-term implementation of air transport and air navigation services below the cost in order to obtain competitive advantages (dumping) and long-term use of low-cost prices, knowingly eliminating the possibility of quality service and security requirements air transport or providing aviation services;
ensuring the price transparency of the market (by expanding the practice of applying the principle of the announced tariff);
ensuring the reasonable stability of tariffs in the interests of users of air transport services.
phased reduction in price regulation and expansion of market pricing mechanisms;
transition to the implementation of a notification (registration) principle of setting tariffs for operators services on competitive market segments.
Further liberalization of tariff regulation will be carried out as the competitive environment expands and reducing the activities attributable to natural monopolies in the field of airport business and air navigation services, due to:
formation of rates of fees and tariffs that actually reflect the costs of maintenance and intensity of use of airport facilities and the air traffic system;
improvement of the system of control and financial audit of airports engaged in airport activities, and organizations of the aeronautical service system;
ensuring adequate financing of flight safety and aviation security measures;
enhance the investment attractiveness of airports.
Tariff regulation in the field of socially significant air traffic provides for state support for the transport market entities (allowed only in cases where, at the expense of market mechanisms, the sufficient level of aviation services offers or a socially acceptable level of tariffs for them), preferential categories of passengers, socially significant aviation traffic (by allocating subsidies provided by airlords providing compliance with socially significant air traffic).
State support for socially significant aviation transport and work should be coordinated at the expense of the budgets of all levels.
In the field of sea transport, to increase the availability of the services of the transport complex for the population, it is necessary to ensure the growth of cargo and passengers on socially significant routes, which will significantly raise the level of transportation of such districts of the country as the extreme north and the Far East, including the use of the Northern Sea , transport communication with the Kaliningrad region, and ensure the projected demand for socially significant passenger transportation by sea.
In the field of inland water transport to improve the quality of passenger transport services, it is envisaged to improve the organization of the transport process, the state of the inland waterways used, shipping hydrotechnical structures and courts, improving the comfort and level of service.
The development of business travel of passengers is envisaged by replenishing the fleet by high-speed vessels and creating a water taxi market (originally in Moscow and the Moscow region).
To increase the availability of transport services in the field of inland water transport, the following activities are necessary:
an increase in the length of inland waterways with guaranteed dimensions of ship moves with the situation illuminated;
reconstruction of hydraulic structures;
elimination of the gap between the increasing demand for passenger transportation and quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the fleet.
