The history of the creation of the Ioanov bridge is inextricably linked with the history of the city on the Neva. When bookmarking on the Ware Island of the new fortress, it was clearly realized that reliable crossing is needed. The first wooden survey bridge was built through the Kronverki duct. New crossing joined the borrowed and city island. The first name of the bridge is Petrov, and for a long time he remained the only one.
Bridge - Buildings of 1705, he had two divorce spans located on wooden beams. In winter, the building was removed and driving on ice. In 1706, the design was replaced with lifting and moved slightly above the flow.
John Bridge
By 1738 it became clear that the fortress would not participate in battles, and there was no need for additional fortifications. The bridge is again subjected to restructuring: now it is focused on the John Gate. In the 1760s, the surface of Petrov Bridge was paved by a cobblestone, the exception was only its adjustable wing. Crossing had a division into a zone for pedestrians and a driving part.
In 1887, the bridge is rebuilt once again and renamed Ioannovsky, focusing on the name of the nearest rage of the Petropavlovsk fortress.
"New old" bridge
In 1953, a large-scale reconstruction of all parts of the Ioannovsky bridge took place. He managed the works of Pavel Bazhenov engineer and architect Alexander Rogach. During this period, original lights were installed on the bridge, lost parts of pig-iron lattices were reconstructed.
The next overhaul was made in 2001-2003. At the same time, the restorers were replaced by the bridge and waterproofing of the supports, made cladding and arcade. The internal semicircular arch of the bridge was enhanced and covered with a chemical protective composition that protects against the negative effects of water. Such a coating should protect a soft limestone arch of destruction by more than thirty years.
On recreated lanterns, the figures of the eagles replaced again, a replacement of damaged lamps and glass beams. Restored and updated lace pig iron lattice. After reconstruction, the total length of the reconstructed Ioannovsky bridge was 152 meters, the width is 10 meters.
The history of the John Bridge began together with the history of St. Petersburg, in 1703, when the Petropavlovsk fortress was laid - the first structure of the young city was laid. John Bridge was destined to become the first bridge building Northern capital. Then, in those distant times, he was a flooded, wooden bridge, which was moving through the Kronverk's duct and connecting the fortress with buildings on the cities (now Petrogradsky) island. Initially, this bridge was called Petrov, and for a long time was the first constant and the oldest crossing in St. Petersburg. Its wooden flooring was divided into driving and pedestrian parts. By the end of the 1760s, almost the entire surface of the Petrovsky bridge was lined with a cobblestone, with the exception of its recovery part, which still remained wooden.
The Petrovsky Bridge was redested in 1887, and at the same time renamed Ioannovsky, based on the name of the East Radelin - the pre-resistance structure of the Petropavlovsk fortress, the name of which, in turn, was given in honor of the Father of the reign at the time of Anna John and the name of Brother Peter I - John.
The next time, the Ioannovsky Bridge was reconstructed in 1953, under the leadership of architect-restorer A.L. Rogach and engineer P.V. Bazhenova. Then new lanterns were installed on the bridge, similar to the lanterns left from the Suvorov floating bridge, which existed in 1824-1897, as well as the components of the lattice parts made by metal.
Interestingly, the decorative design of one part of the Ioanovsky bridge has some similarities with the design of the embankments of the Kronverk Strait. Another part of this bridge has a grille, at the bottom and upper edge of which undergo intricately vita plant ornaments limited by semi-rapids. The grille itself is a rhombus formed by intersecting rods, at the points of the messages of which there are outlets, oval shape. Made in the form of leapsal scrolls, racks of the bridge, crowned bilateral combat axes.
The latter capital restoration repair of the Ioannovsky bridge was carried out in 2001-2003, which touched first of all the arcade of the bridge when the bridge canvase was replaced and the waterproofing device, arcade cladding, as well as repairing facing of the obstivities. At the same time, the arch of the bridge structure was strengthened, through the use of injection technology - masonry strengthening. In addition, the open inner arch of the ioannovsky bridge was treated with a special chemical composition capable of protecting a stone from the destructive impact of moisture, and which is guaranteed to protect the limestone masonry for a period of up to 30 years. The lamps-lanterns were renovated and installed on the bridge, on which recreated gold-plated eagles figurines, and lamps and plafones were replaced with new ones. The cast iron lattice of the John Bridge was also updated and restored. The length of the terminal part of the bridge was 74 meters, its total length is 152 meters, and the width is 10 meters. In total, about 75 million rubles allocated from the city budget was spent on repair work on the restoration of the John Bridge.
In May 2003, a bronze bunny sculpture was installed near one of the piles of the bridge, was installed from flooding, 58 centimeters height, made by the sculptor S. Petchenko. This figure of the eared inhabitant of the Hare Island became a kind of talisman of the John Bridge, as well as the favorite attraction of tourists, generously sprinkling bunny coins.
The text has prepared Angelica Likhacheva
Johnsky pedestrian bridge Connects the Ioannian gate of the Petropavlovsk fortress with the Petrograd side. it the oldest bridge, peer of St. Petersburg.
The bridge is transferred through the Kronverk shed in the target of the Ioanov gate of the Petropavlovsk fortress, not far from the Troitskaya Square. This is a seven-year wooden structure with a metal span structure with a length of 74.66 meters and 10.54 meters wide on wooden rods with stone arcades.
History of the bridge
In 1703 floodplain wooden bridge Connected the fortress on a hare island with buildings on birch (now Petrogradsky) island. In 1706, the floil bridge was replaced by a permanent wooden on pile supports with the lifting part in the middle. The bridge was called Petrovsky.
In 1738, it was rebuilt into 16-span, with the preservation of a lifting span.
In 1801-1802, the wooden part of the bridge was replaced by the eight-foot construction of a split system with a sample lifting part. The wiring of the bridge was carried out manually. A granite parapet was installed on stone arcades.
In 1827, the arched spans of the right wing of the bridge were falling asleep due to the improvement of the entrances to the Suvorov floors through the Neva (this name was originally intended to give the current Trinity Bridge built on the site of the flood). As a result, the arched spans of the left wing of the bridge were gradually eliminatedly eliminated.
In 1887, Petrovsky Bridge was renamed Ioanovsky. The fact is that between the fortress and the John Ranelin, then there was a ditch, through which in 1752 a wooden Johnsky bridge was built, named after Brother Peter I. After the elimination of this bridge, his name passed to Petrovsky.
By 1934, on the right wing of the bridge, only one stone arched span was preserved, and on the left - three, together with a dam, adjacent to the John goal of the fortress. In the future, all arched stone spans were falling asleep and laid with a stove.
In 1950-1951, with the next repair of the bridge on the project of the engineer V.V. Blazhevich seven spans were blocked by metal beams. Were renovated and covered with supports supports. Driving part and sidewalks are covered with a pavement. Perile fences remained wooden.
In 1953, according to the project of architect A.L. Rotach Wooden fences on the bridge were replaced with cast-iron lattices of art casting, lamps were installed with lanterns, which were when entering the Suvorov's floodplain bridge. The type of lattice is borrowed from the railing on the entry of Tuchkov Bridge.
In 2016-2017 The last time was produced by the repair of the crossing, including the restoration of the edge of the edge and the arcade cladding, the replacement of damaged wooden elements of the darling supports and the color of the metal span structure, the restoration of the cast-iron decor (railing and flooring). Also replaced by the joints of the bridge and the cobblestone pavement over the arcades.
Additional Information
On the pile bush next to the John bridge, a tag was installed on the hare, which received the informal name "Bunny, escaped from flooding." The monument was opened on May 8, 2003 in honor of the completion of the repair of the crossing and the 300th anniversary of St. Petersburg. The authors of the project - St. Petersburg sculptor Vladimir Petrovic and architect Sergei Petchenko. The sculpture of 58 cm high is made of silumin, aluminum and dural, and covered with titanium nitride.
07.2013.
Kronverk Strait.
Petrovsky Most
floodborn
1703-1705 -
pile, divergent
1705-1706 -
1738 - Rebuilt
1788 - Perestroika
1801 - Perestroika
1848 - Full Perestroika Wooden Part
John Bridge
PAM. Arch. (federal)
1887 -
1950-1951 - Ing. Bazhenov P.V. - Perestroika
1953 - Arch. Rotache Alexander Lukich - Railing, Lanterns
2001-2003 - Overhaul
2003 -
The length of the ioannovsky bridge is 74.7 m, width - 10.5 m. Connects a hare island and a trinity pl.
The first bridge in St. Petersburg arose in connection with the construction of the Petropavlovsk fortress on the Ware Island in 1703. For a long time, he remained the only one in the city.
The original bridge was floating and was somewhat lower in the flow, Menshikov bastion. The floodplain bridge had two divorce spills and was located on wooden barks. He wondered in summer, the construction was removed in winter and drove through ice. First designated on the Plan of Petersburg 1705
In 1706, a constant pile "in two places lifting wooden bridge" was built.
In 1738, the bridge was? He was transferred against the Yannovsky gate and rebuilt into the arched wooden on the stone stuff. His coastal dams were performed in the form of stone limestone arches, the middle part is wooden. The bridge was the 16-span: 3-touch stone arcade from limestone, 8-span wooden channel with a divorce span in the middle and stone 5-touch arcade from the side of the Ioanov gate. Throughout the XVII-XIX centuries. Wooden parts of the bridge repaired without significant changes, and coastal arched openings gradually laid.
[*] - St. Petersburg Petrograd Leningrad. Egglopedic directory.
The construction of the St. Petersburg (Petropavlovsk Fortress) required a huge amount of forests and land. First, from Birch (Petersburg) Islands 14 (25) May 1703, a cross-shutter was invisilated through a protue, consisting of the United Retots. Perhaps this crossing is deposited on one of the design drawings of the fortress of 1703. It was between the bastions of Menshikov and Golovna below the modern John bridge. At the same time, a more sustainable construction began to build - a floating bridge from plashcoats (wooden bars). This bridge is in terms of the fortress of 1705. The bridge consisted of two parts: the long stretched from the birch island to the Northern Facade of the Earth Retalin, then along its Western tip, the second short part, located at an angle, led to the gateway in Petrovskaya Kurtin. At the beginning of the XVIII century. The fortress was cut by the Rips through which about a dozen bridges were peeling. This design persisted until the 1730s, before the construction of the stone rage. In the chronicles of the Petropavlovsk fortress, it was recorded that the plaster bridge had lifting parts in two places. But in archived confirmation documents, this was not found.
Later, the first wooden permanent bridge was erected at the place of crossing the plastics. In the statement about buildings in the St. Petersburg Fortress, "the bridge is red (probably talking about color) across the river started to do in the 706th river, and he was completed in 707." The bridge had wooden transverse flooring, railing (horizontal balasine handrail), lifting device in the middle of the long wing. The bridge was a multi-year, beam system on the pile base. Curil fences were horizontal on balasines. Drawing of the first half of the XVIII century. not found. Part of the bridge is depicted on the engraving of Zuban A. F. "The solemn entry of the four Swedish frigates in the Neva after the victory in the Greengam on September 8, 1720." During the 1720s. The bridge was repeatedly repaired.
In the mid-1730s. There was a need to replace the structures of the bridge stone. Apparently, by this time refers to the separation of crossings into two separate bridges. The bridge from the square to the Ioannovsky Retalin was later called Petrovsky, and from Retalin to the fortress - Ioannovsky. The bridge from Retalin to the shore across the river Nevsky Duch, stone with railings, in the middle of the lifting built in 1738. The bridge consisted of 4 parts: two stone, two wooden. From the square was a stone dam, then a wooden span structure with a lifting device, then a dump ended in the John gate with a wooden site.
In 1763, a drawing of a Petrovsky bridge was performed, where a bridge was depicted with a length of 173 m, 10.5 m wide. From the St. Petersburg island, the stone dam consisted of their 3 arched spans, isolated from the butt plate. The central wooden part of the bridge is about 73 m, consisted of three spans. In its middle, the span was the lifting part, on both sides of which the portal gates were built with a rocker and counterweights on chains. With their help, symmetric wings of the lifting part rose to skip small ships. Next, the stone dam stretched out of five arched spans. The bridge had wooden flooring, which was divided into driving and pedestrian parts. By late 1760s. Almost the entire surface of the bridge was covered with a cobblestone, wooden coatings remained only on the adjustable part. In 1777, the cobblestop was only on the plot from the John gate to the stone dam.
In 1788, Ing. The captain Ya Maisner was signed a project to essential restructuring of the Petrovsky bridge associated with the strengthening of its structures. According to the drawing, its central part was completely redone. It has become an eight-span on a wooden pile base of the sub-vehicle system. The supports were covered with boards, a new lifting device was built - only one lifting portal with a rocker was installed. The design of the side ladies remained unchanged, stone bulls were preserved on wooden piles and stone arched spans. The cobblestone bridge was shifted "to the envelope". The new railing from the profiled timber was decorated with carved bumps.
Until the end of the XVIII century. There was no significant changes.
At the beginning of the XIX century. A new capital alteration of the bridge began. On January 13, 1801, the General from the artillery of Kormakov signed a project about restructuring wooden bridges in the fortress. The eight-sphenous sub-construction design of the wooden part of the Petrovsky bridge was redone into the shpregel. Wooden supports of the bridge consisted of 4 rows of piles, each row of 12 logs. Under the lifting device, carrying beams strengthened with pan. Fully redesigned railing. The flooring was made with a bias from the center to the edges. Three stone spans from the side of the fortress were supposed to lay and turn into a deaf dam. Cobblestone on the roadway of both dams is laid "grid", sidewalks are covered with a slab stone. Stone parapets were installed over stone portions of the bridge. But the floods continued to damage the bridge, which required permanent repairs.
In 1826, an outdated lifting device was removed from the bridge with a portal gate, heavily injured during flooding 1824. Drawing of a serf bridge, compiled on January 7, 1844 signed by Ing. Poldonnik Durov.In 1844, the railing was made and the cobblestone permitter.
June 5, 1848 was the highest approved the draft full restructuring of the wooden part of the bridge. At the same time, the shrgel design is replaced by a bolt. The main nodes of the compounds of wooden elements were intensified by metal bolts-tie. The works were completed by the end of 1848. At the time of work, a temporary wooden bridge was built. In 1857, the destruction of the North Dama was discovered. Correction work completed in 1859
On November 17, 1866, a proposal for capital restructuring of the Petrovsky bridge was drawn up. The wooden part has become a six-meal. Lifting frame with gear mechanism is shifted. Completed in 1867
By 1890 (1887?) The bridge was reneamed to John (according to the John Gate of the fortress) (the former John Bridge was disassembled).
In 1937, substantial repair work was carried out. By that time, the wooden part of the bridge was a 6-span, sub-veneer system (corresponded to the scheme 1867). The North Dumble had one stone arch, southern - three and a deaf dam on the initial stone spans. In the future, all arched spans were covered and embedded from the facades of the butter. From this time, the bridge began to be considered only the wooden part, and the stone dams are coastal stuff.
Soon after the discontinuation of the blockade by the specialists of a tantransmosphet, a project of complete restructuring of the bridge was developed. It was not implemented.
In 1950, a project for the overhaul of the John Bridge was created. All this time, the central design of the bridge remained completely wooden. The author of the project. Head of the project office Doroshost P. V. Bazhenov. Work was carried out in 1950-1951. The bridge has become sevenpro-fly, on the pile basis. Supports had wooden rushed trim. Carrying longitudinal beams were replaced with metal, squandered in 7 rows. On top of the beams, a double longitudinal flooring is laid out of the boards and the wooden railing of a simple drawing is installed. Simultaneously repaired stone foundations. On both temperatures, the roadway was asphalted, and the tractors were covered with granite slabs.
Approximately at the same time, an act of inspection of monuments was signed, prescribing the restoration of the bridge with the Buschat. The act signed the senior arch. The SNRPM management of the architecture of the Lengor Executive Committee A. L. Rotach (with the technician of F. Perlina). ARH.-Restorer A. L. Rotach (1893-1990) in 1952 became the author of the project of the new architectural design of the bridge. The project was performed on the task of the trust of the bridges and the embankments of Dermost on the basis of the decision of the Lengorispol Committee dated December 1, 1951, it was decided throughout the wooden bridge and its stone oblasts to supply metal fencing and lights on the type of remaining from the Suvorov-Planned Bridge (1824-1897. ). The project envisaged the preservation of the cast-iron fence on the right bank entry into the bridge and the installation of similar above the second dam. Floors were put on the stone stamps in the form of obeliskov with helmets (according to the sample of stood at the entrance to the Kamenneostrovsky Ave.). On the bridge - floor lamps in the form of leapsal ligaments. The project was approved by the scientific and expert council at the state. Inspection on the protection of monuments. Works were carried out in 1953 by SNRPM specialists under the leadership of N. I. Medintsev.
In 1955-1956 On the shores of the Kronvek Strait between the John Bridge and the left facade of the John Rwell, a city snow dump was located.
In 1960-1980s. Complex repair work.
[*] - Local history notes. Research and material. Vol. 6. (Pakrashina N.I. Bridges of Petropavlovsk Fortress. P. 137-149)
In 2001-2003 (R 300th anniversary of the city) The bridge is overhauled. The arch was strengthened, the foundations and arches were lined, the pedestrian canvas of the bridge was replaced, work was carried out on waterproofing structures. On the lanterns recreated figures of Orlov.
After reconstruction, the total length of the reconstructed bridge is 152 m, the part with the part is 74 m, the width is 10 m.
The modern bridge is designed for a pedestrian movement, the main tourist flow in Petropavlovka is on the bridge.
Monument to the bunny that escaped from flooding
An unusual monument is located near the bridge. A small bronze hare is sitting on one of the wooden piles. This is a "monument to a bunny that escaped from flooding." The hare's figure was established in 2003
Sculptor S. Petchenko. The height of the figure - 58 cm. According to the legend, the frightened animal jumped right on the royal boot of Peter I, so as not to die from the angry water element. The monument is very loved by tourists and guests of the city - if you throw a coin on the site at the feet of the hare, wait good luck.
In 1950-1951 According to the INZH project. P. V. Bazhenova Bridge is rebuilt in a tree and reinforced with metal beams (7 channel spans). The middle part of the bridge laid out a parallery, and the sidewalks left wooden. Decorative design of the 1820s. (Decorative lanterns in the form of obelisks or beams of copies with double-headed eagles, patterned grid) partially restored in 1951-1952 (Arch-Ry N. N. Belekhov, A. L. Rotach, Inzh. P. P. Stepnov) during overhaul . (Large Russian Encyclopedia. 1992)
Protected by the state. An object cultural heritage RF.
The bridge is included in the "List of Cultural Heritage Objects in St. Petersburg ..." as an object of federal significance on the basis of the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 527 of July 10, 2001.
All excursions to the Petropavlovsk fortress begin with the aisle through the John Bridge, the road to which is held or through the Alexandrovsky Park (from the subway), or, through the Kamennaostrovsky Prospect from the Troitskaya Square, where tourist excursion buses usually stop.
If you hold an imaginary line, continuing the Ioannovsky Bridge in the opposite direction, then it will be thrown into the mosque.
One of the Ustov Bridge sits the famous St. Petersburg hare, where any passing tourist necessarily tries to throw a coin.
If, moving the bridge, turn left, then you go first on the lawn, and then by narrow paved along the outer walls of the fortress the definition to the beach of the Petropavlovsk fortress.
If you turn right, the road through another field will lead to the helicopter platform, from where aircraft are made over St. Petersburg.
If you go straight ... But, this is a completely different story.
Johnsky is known for becoming the most first permanent bridge in the city.
It was built on the year of the foundation of St. Petersburg, in 1703, together with the beginning of the construction of the Peter and Paul Fortress.
Then through the Kronverk duct swapped a floating wooden bridge. Its obligations included to combine the fortress and a city island, which is now the name of Petrogradsky.
Then he had a different - Petrovsky, and for a long time he was the only constant crossing of St. Petersburg.
The Petrovsky Bridge was wooden, divorced, the surface of it was divided into two parts - pedestrian and driving.
In the middle of the 18th century, almost all of its area, with the exception of its recovery part, laid out with a cobblestone.
At the end of the 19th century, the Petrovsky Bridge had launched by the time, rebuilt. At the same time, he received a new name.
Now, by the name of the pre-resistance structure of the Petropavlovsk fortress, the bridge began to be called Ioanovsky.
The new reconstruction of the Ioannovsky Bridge was subjected in the middle of the 20th century. Then updated the decor elements - updated the grid, installed new lights.
Two parts of the John bridge have different decorative lattices. In one of its parts, fences are installed, repeating their drawing of the embankment of the Kronversky channel. The second part is decorated with a fencing with an intricate vegetable pattern.
Racks are decorated with images of combat axes.
The last time the design was restored to the 300th anniversary of the city. Then the bridge canvas and waterproofing were replaced, and the edges of the bridge were renovated.
With the help of new technologies, the vaults strengthened and protected from destruction, with the help of chemical composition, stones from which they are made.
Now the bridge is guaranteed to be protected from destruction for the next 30 years.
In addition to strengthening the structure, work was performed on restoring lost decor elements. On the entrances again appeared renovated lanterns, and the gold-plated figures of eagles were restored on the preserved drawings.
Repaired and decorative lattice.
The length of the ioannovsky bridge is now 152 meters, and the width is 10 meters.
