The history of the creation of the Ioannovsky bridge is inextricably linked with the history of the city on the Neva. When laying a new fortress on Hare Island, they clearly realized that a reliable crossing was needed. The first wooden floating bridge was built across the Kronverk channel. The new ferry connected Zayachiy and Gorodovoy islands. The first name of the bridge is Petrov, and for a long time it remained the only one.
The bridge was built in 1705, it had two draw spans, located on wooden beams. In winter, the structure was removed and crossed over the ice. In 1706, the structure was replaced with a lifting one and moved a little upstream.
Ioannovsky bridge
By 1738, it became clear that the fortress would no longer participate in battles, and there was no need for additional fortifications. The bridge is being rebuilt again: now it is oriented towards the Ioannovsky Gate. In the 1760s, the surface of the Petrov Bridge was paved with cobblestones, the only exception was its movable wing. The crossing was divided into a zone for pedestrians and a roadway.
In 1887, the bridge was rebuilt once again and renamed Ioannovsky, focusing on the name of the nearest ravelin of the Peter and Paul Fortress.
"New old" bridge
In 1953, a large-scale reconstruction of all parts of the Ioannovsky Bridge took place. Engineer Pavel Bazhenov and architect Alexander Rogach supervised the work. During this period, original lanterns were installed on the bridge, and the lost parts of cast-iron gratings were reconstructed.
The next overhaul was carried out in 2001-2003. At the same time, the restorers replaced the pavement and the waterproofing of the supports, and made the lining of the abutments and arcades. The internal semicircular vault of the bridge was reinforced and coated with a chemical protective compound that protects against the negative effects of water. Such a coating should protect the soft limestone vault from destruction for more than thirty years.
Figures of eagles once again sit on the recreated lanterns, and damaged lamps and glass shades have been replaced. The lace of cast-iron gratings has been restored and updated. After reconstruction, the total length of the reconstructed Ioannovsky Bridge was 152 meters, width - 10 meters.
The history of the Ioannovsky Bridge began along with the history of St. Petersburg, in 1703, when the Peter and Paul Fortress, the first building of the young city, was laid. Ioannovsky Bridge was destined to become the first bridge structure Northern Capital. Then, in those distant times, it was a floating, wooden bridge, which became a crossing over the Kronverk channel and connected the fortress with buildings on Gorodovy (now Petrogradsky) Island. Initially, this bridge was called Petrov, and for a long time it was the first permanent and oldest crossing in St. Petersburg. Its wooden flooring was divided into a roadway and a pedestrian part. By the end of the 1760s, almost the entire surface of the Petrovsky Bridge was paved with cobblestones, with the exception of its movable part, which still remained wooden.
The Petrovsky bridge was rebuilt in 1887, and at the same time renamed Ioannovsky, based on the name of the eastern ravelin - the pre-fortress building of the Peter and Paul Fortress, the name of which, in turn, was given in honor of the father of Anna Ioannovna, who reigned at that time, and the name of Peter I's brother - John.
The next time, the Ioannovsky Bridge was reconstructed in 1953, under the guidance of the architect-restorer A.L. Rogach and engineer P.V. Bazhenov. Then new lanterns were installed on the bridge, similar to the lanterns left from the Suvorov floating bridge that existed in 1824–1897, and the components of the lattice, made of metal, were also updated.
It is interesting that the decoration of one part of the Ioannovsky Bridge has some similarities with the design of the gratings of the Kronverk Strait embankments. The other part of this bridge structure has a lattice, on the lower and upper edges of which there are intricately twisted floral ornaments, limited by semicircles. The lattice itself is a rhombus formed by intersecting rods, at the communication points of which there are rosettes, oval in shape. Made in the form of lictor scrolls, the pillars of the bridge are crowned with double-sided battle axes.
The last major restoration repair of the Ioannovsky Bridge was carried out in 2001-2003, which primarily affected the arcade of the bridge, when the bridge deck and the waterproofing device, the lining of the arcade were replaced, and the lining of the abutments was also repaired. At the same time, the arch of the bridge structure was strengthened, using the injection technology - strengthening the masonry. In addition, the open inner vault of the Ioannovsky Bridge was treated with a special chemical compound capable of protecting the stone from the damaging effects of moisture, and which is guaranteed to protect the limestone masonry of the vault for up to 30 years. The floor lamps installed on the bridge were also restored, on which the recreated gilded figurines of eagles reappeared, and the lamps and ceiling lamps were replaced with new ones. The cast-iron lattice of the Ioannovsky Bridge was also updated and restored. The length of the channel part of the bridge was 74 meters, its total length was 152 meters, and its width was 10 meters. In total, about 75 million rubles allocated from the city budget were spent on repair work to restore the Ioannovsky Bridge.
In May 2003, near one of the piles of the bridge, a bronze sculpture of the Bunny, who escaped the flood, was installed, 58 centimeters high, made by the sculptor S. Petchenko. This figurine of an eared inhabitant of the Hare Island has become a kind of mascot of the Ioannovsky Bridge, as well as a favorite tourist attraction, generously showering the Hare with coins.
The text was prepared by Anzhelika Likhacheva
Ioannovsky pedestrian bridge connects the Ioannovsky Gates of the Peter and Paul Fortress with the Petrograd side. This oldest bridge, the same age as St. Petersburg.
The bridge spans the Kronverksky Strait at the alignment of the Ioannovsky Gates of the Peter and Paul Fortress, not far from Trinity Square. This is a seven-span wooden structure with a metal span 74.66 meters long and 10.54 meters wide on wooden channel supports with stone arcades.
History of the bridge
In 1703, a floating wooden bridge connected the fortress on Zayachy Island with the buildings on Berezovy (now Petrogradsky) Island. In 1706, the floating bridge was replaced by a permanent wooden one on piles with a lifting part in the middle. The bridge was named Petrovsky.
In 1738 it was rebuilt into a 16-bay one, with the lifting bay preserved.
In 1801-1802, the wooden part of the bridge was replaced by an eight-span trussed structure with a single-wing lifting part. The drawing of the bridge was carried out manually. A granite parapet was installed on the stone arcades.
In 1827, the arched spans of the right wing of the bridge were filled up in connection with the improvement of the entrances to the Suvorov floating bridge across the Neva (this name was originally going to be given to the current Troitsky bridge, built on the site of the floating one). As a result of soil sedimentation, the arched spans of the left wing of the bridge were gradually eliminated.
In 1887, Petrovsky Bridge was renamed Ioannovsky. The fact is that between the fortress and the Ioannovsky ravelin then there was a moat, through which in 1752 a wooden Ioannovsky bridge was built, named after the brother of Peter I. After the liquidation of this bridge, its name passed to Petrovsky.
By 1934, on the right wing of the bridge, only one stone arched span was preserved, and on the left - three, along with a dam adjacent to the Ioannovsky Gates of the fortress. Subsequently, all arched stone spans were covered and laid with rubble slabs.
In 1950-1951, during the next repair of the bridge, designed by engineer V.V. Blazhevich, seven spans were covered with metal beams. The supports were repaired and sheathed with boards. The roadway and sidewalks are covered with boardwalk. The railings were wooden.
In 1953, according to the project of the architect A.L. Rotach wooden fences on the bridge were replaced with artistic cast iron gratings, floor lamps with lanterns were installed, which were at the entrances to the Suvorov floating bridge. The type of gratings is borrowed from the railings at the entrances of the Tuchkov Bridge.
In 2016-2017 the last repair of the crossing was carried out, including the restoration of the rubble masonry and lining of the arcades, the replacement of damaged wooden elements of the channel supports and the painting of the metal span, the restoration of the cast-iron decor (handrails and floor lamps). The bridge's wood structures and cobblestone paving over the arcades have also been replaced.
Additional Information
On a pile bush near the Ioannovsky Bridge, a figurine of a hare is installed, which received the unofficial name "The Bunny who escaped the flood." The monument was opened on May 8, 2003 in honor of the completion of the repair of the crossing and the 300th anniversary of St. Petersburg. The authors of the project are St. Petersburg sculptor Vladimir Petrovichev and architect Sergei Petchenko. The sculpture, 58 cm high, is made of an alloy of silumin, aluminum and duralumin and coated with titanium nitride.
07.2013.
Kronverk Strait
Petrovsky bridge
floating
1703-1705 -
piled, movable
1705-1706 -
1738 - rebuilt
1788 - rebuilding
1801 - rebuilding
1848 - complete rebuilding of the wooden part
Ioannovsky bridge
Memory arch. (federal)
1887 -
1950-1951 - engineer. Bazhenov P. V. - perestroika
1953 - arch. Rotach Alexander Lukich - railings, lanterns
2001-2003 - overhaul
2003 -
The length of the Ioannovsky Bridge is 74.7 m, the width is 10.5 m. It connects Zayachy Island and Troitskaya Square.
The first bridge in St. Petersburg arose in connection with the construction of the Peter and Paul Fortress on Hare Island in 1703. For a long time it remained the only one in the city.
The original bridge was floating and was located somewhat downstream, at the Menshikov bastion. The floating pontoon bridge had two draw spans and was placed on wooden barges. It was induced in the summer, in the winter the structure was removed and crossed over the ice. First marked on the plan of St. Petersburg in 1705.
In 1706, a permanent pile "in two places, a lifting wooden bridge" was built.
Was there a bridge in 1738? moved against the Iannovsky Gate and rebuilt into an arched wooden one on stone abutments. Its coastal dams were made in the form of stone limestone arches, the middle part was made of wood. The bridge became 16-span: a 3-span stone arcade made of limestone, an 8-span wooden channel part with a draw span in the middle and a stone 5-span arcade from the side of the Ioannovsky Gate. During the XVII-XIX centuries. the wooden parts of the bridge were renovated without significant changes, and the coastal arched openings were gradually laid.
[*] - St. Petersburg Petrograd Leningrad. Ecyclopedic reference book.
The construction of the St. Petersburg (Peter and Paul Fortress) required a huge amount of wood and land. First, on May 14 (25), 1703, a crossing consisting of connected rafts was built through the canal from Berezovy (Petersburg) Island. Perhaps this crossing is depicted on one of the design drawings of the fortress in 1703. It was located between the Menshikov and Golovkin bastions below the modern Ioannovsky bridge. At the same time, they began to build a more stable structure - a floating bridge made of pontoons (wooden barques). This bridge is on the plan of the fortress in 1705. The bridge consisted of two parts: the long one stretched from Berezovy Island to the northern facade of the earthen ravelin, then along its western tip, the second short part, located at an angle, led to the gate in the Petrovsky Curtain. At the beginning of the XVIII century. the fortress was carved with ditches, through which about a dozen bridges were thrown. This design was preserved until the 1730s, before the construction of the stone ravelin. In the Chronicle of the Peter and Paul Fortress, it is recorded that the pontoon bridge had lifting parts in two places for defense purposes. But there is no confirmation of this in archival documents.
Later, the first permanent wooden bridge in the city was erected on the site of the crossing on pontoons. The list of buildings in the St. Petersburg fortress says "the Red bridge (probably talking about color) across the river to the fortress began to be made in 706, and was completed in 707." The bridge had a wooden transverse flooring, a railing (a horizontal handrail on balusters), a lifting device in the middle of a long wing. The bridge was a multi-span, beam system on a pile foundation. The railings were horizontal on balusters. Drawing of the bridge of the first half of the XVIII century. not found. Part of the bridge is depicted in the engraving by Zubov A.F. "The ceremonial entry of four Swedish frigates into the Neva after the victory at Grengam on September 8, 1720." During the 1720s The bridge has been repaired several times.
In the mid 1730s. there was a need to replace the bridge structures with stone ones. Apparently, the division of the crossing into two separate bridges dates back to this time. The bridge from the square to the Ioannovsky ravelin was later called Petrovsky, and from the ravelin to the fortress - Ioannovsky. The bridge from the ravelin to the shore across the river Nevsky Protoka, made of stone with railings, with a lift in the middle, was built in 1738. The bridge consisted of 4 parts: two stone, two wooden. From the square there was a stone dam, then a wooden span with a lifting device, then again a dam, ending at the Ioannovsky Gate with a wooden section.
In 1763, a drawing of the Petrovsky Bridge was made, which depicts a bridge 173 m long and 10.5 m wide. On the side of Petersburg Island, the stone dam consisted of 3 arched spans made of rubble slabs. The central wooden part of the bridge - about 73 m, consisted of three spans. In its middle span there was a lifting part, on both sides of which portal gates with a yoke and counterweights on chains were built. With their help, the symmetrical wings of the lifting part were raised to pass small craft. Further on stretched a stone dam of five arched spans. The bridge had a wooden deck, which was divided into a roadway and a pedestrian part. By the end of the 1760s. almost the entire surface of the bridge was paved with cobblestones, wooden coverings remained only on the draw part. In 1777, the cobblestone cover was only in the area from the Ioannovsky Gate to the stone dam.
In 1788, engineer. Captain J. Meisner signed a project for a significant restructuring of the Petrovsky Bridge, associated with the strengthening of its structures. According to the drawing, its central part was completely redone. It became eight-span on a wooden pile foundation of the strut system. The supports were upholstered with boards, a new lifting device was built - only one lifting portal with a yoke was installed. The designs of the side dams remained unchanged, stone bulls on wooden piles and stone arched spans were preserved. The cobblestone pavement was transferred "into an envelope". New railings made of profiled timber were decorated with carved knobs.
Until the end of the XVIII century. there were no significant changes.
At the beginning of the XIX century. a new overhaul of the bridge began. On January 13, 1801, General of the Artillery Kormakov signed a project to rebuild the wooden bridges in the fortress. The eight-span strut structure of the wooden part of the Petrovsky Bridge was converted into a trussed one. The wooden supports of the bridge consisted of 4 rows of piles, each row of 12 logs. Under the lifting device, the supporting beams were reinforced with struts. The railings have been completely redone. The flooring was made with a slope from the center to the edges. Three stone spans from the side of the fortress were supposed to be laid and turned into a deaf dam. The cobblestone on the roadway of both dams is laid in a "grid", the sidewalks are covered with slab stone. Stone parapets were installed over the stone sections of the bridge. But the floods continued to cause damage to the bridge, requiring constant repairs.
In 1826, an obsolete lifting device with a portal gate was removed from the bridge, which was badly damaged during the flood of 1824. Drawing of the fortress bridge, drawn up on January 7, 1844, signed by Ing. Colonel Durov.In 1844, the railing was painted and the cobblestone pavement was re-paved.
On June 5, 1848, the project for the complete reconstruction of the wooden part of the bridge was approved by the highest. At the same time, the trussed structure was replaced by a crossbar. The main joints of the wooden elements were reinforced with metal tie bolts. The work was completed by the end of 1848. A temporary wooden bridge was built for the duration of the work. In 1857, the destruction of the northern dam was discovered. Correction work completed in 1859.
On November 17, 1866, a proposal was drawn up for a major restructuring of the Petrovsky Bridge. The wooden part became six-span. Lifting frame with gear mechanism misaligned. Completed 1867
By 1890 (1887?), the bridge was renamed Ioannovsky (according to the Ioannovsky gates of the fortress) (the former Ioannovsky bridge was dismantled).
In 1937 significant repairs were carried out. By that time, the wooden part of the bridge was a 6-span, strut-and-beam system (corresponding to the scheme of 1867). The northern dam had one stone arch, the southern one had three and a blind dam on the original stone spans. Subsequently, all the arched spans were filled in and sealed from the facades with rubble masonry. Since that time, only the wooden part began to be considered a bridge, and stone dams - coastal abutments.
Shortly after the blockade was lifted, specialists from Lentransmostproekt developed a project for the complete reconstruction of the bridge. Has not been implemented.
In 1950, a project was created for the overhaul of the Ioannovsky Bridge. All this time, the central structure of the bridge remained completely wooden. The author of the project head of the design office Dormost P. V. Bazhenov. The work was carried out in 1950-1951. The bridge became seven-span, on a pile foundation. The piers had wooden rusticated sheathing. Bearing longitudinal beams were replaced with metal ones, placed in 7 rows. On top of the beams, a double longitudinal flooring of boards was laid and wooden railings of a simple pattern were installed. At the same time, stone foundations were repaired. On both abutments, the roadway was asphalted, and the sidewalks were covered with granite slabs.
Around the same time, an act of the Inspectorate for the Protection of Monuments was signed, ordering the restoration of the bridge with cobblestones. The act was signed by the senior arch. SNRPM Department for Architecture of the Leningrad City Executive Committee A. L. Rotach (with technician G. F. Perlina). Arch.-restorer A. L. Rotach (1893-1990) in 1952 became the author of the project of a new architectural design of the bridge. The project was carried out on the instructions of the Trust for the operation of bridges and embankments Dormost on the basis of the decision of the Leningrad Executive Committee of December 1, 1951. It was decided to install a metal fence and lanterns along the entire length of the wooden bridge and its stone abutments, similar to those left from the Suvorov floating bridge (1824-1897). ). The project provided for the preservation of the cast-iron fence at the right-bank entrance to the bridge and the installation of a similar one over the second dam. Floor lamps in the form of obelisks with helmets (similar to those standing at the entrance to Kamennoostrovsky pr.) were placed on stone abutments. On the bridge there are floor lamps in the form of lictor bundles. The project was approved by the Scientific and Expert Council under the State. monument protection inspections. The work was carried out in 1953 by specialists from the SNRPM under the direction of N. I. Medyntsev.
In 1955-1956. on the shore of the Kronvek Strait between the Ioannovsky bridge and the left facade of the Ioannovsky rvelin there was a city snow dump.
In the 1960-1980s. carried out comprehensive repairs.
[*] - Local lore notes. Research and materials Issue. 6. (Pakrashkina N.I. Bridges of the Peter and Paul Fortress. P. 137-149)
In 2001-2003 (r the 300th anniversary of the city) the bridge has been overhauled. The vault was strengthened, the abutments and arches were lined, the footbed of the bridge was replaced, and waterproofing of the structure was carried out. The figures of eagles are recreated on the lanterns.
After reconstruction, the total length of the reconstructed bridge is 152 m, the channel part is 74 m, and the width is 10 m.
The modern bridge is intended for pedestrian traffic; the main tourist flow to Petropavlovka goes through the bridge.
Monument to the bunny who escaped the flood
An unusual monument is located near the bridge. A small bronze hare sits on one of the wooden piles. This is the "Monument to the bunny who escaped the flood." The figure of a hare was installed in 2003.
Sculptor S. Petchenko. The height of the figurine is 58 cm. According to the legend, the frightened animal jumped right onto the royal boot of Peter I in order not to die from the furious water element. The monument is very fond of tourists and guests of the city - if you throw a coin on the platform at the feet of a hare, wait for good luck.
In 1950-1951. according to the project of eng. P. V. Bazhenov bridge was rebuilt in wood and reinforced with metal beams (7 channel spans). The middle part of the bridge was paved with paving stones, and the sidewalks were left wooden. Decorative design of the 1820s. (decorative lanterns in the form of obelisks or beams of spears with double-headed eagles, patterned lattice) partially restored in 1951-1952 (architects N. N. Belekhov, A. L. Rotach, engineer P. P. Stepnov) during the overhaul .(Great Russian Encyclopedia. 1992)
Protected by the state. An object cultural heritage RF.
The bridge is included in the "List of objects of cultural heritage on the territory of St. Petersburg ..." as an object of federal significance on the basis of Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 527 of 10.07.2001.
All excursions to the Peter and Paul Fortress begin with a passage along the Ioannovsky Bridge, the road to which passes either through Alexander Park (from the metro), or through Kamennoostrovsky Prospekt from Troitskaya Square, where tourist sightseeing buses usually stop.
If you draw an imaginary line, continuing the Ioannovsky bridge in the opposite direction, then it will run into the Mosque.
At one, at the abutments of the bridge, the famous St. Petersburg Hare sits, where any passing tourist is sure to try to throw a coin.
If, after crossing the bridge, turn left, then you go out first to the lawn, and then along the narrow paved area along the outer walls of the fortress to the beach of the Peter and Paul Fortress.
If you turn right, the road through another field will lead to a helipad from where air tours are made over St. Petersburg.
If you go straight... But, that's a completely different story.
Ioannovsky is known for being the very first permanent bridge in the city.
It was built in the year of the founding of St. Petersburg, in 1703, along with the beginning of the construction of the Peter and Paul Fortress.
Then a floating wooden bridge was thrown across the Kronverk channel. His duties included connecting the fortress under construction and Gorodovoy Island, now bearing the name Petrogradsky.
Then it had a different name - Petrovsky, and for a long time it was the only permanent crossing in St. Petersburg.
The Petrovsky bridge was a wooden drawbridge, its surface was divided into two parts - a pedestrian and a roadway.
In the middle of the 18th century, almost its entire area, with the exception of its adjustable part, was paved with cobblestones.
At the end of the 19th century, the Petrovsky Bridge, dilapidated by that time, was rebuilt. At the same time, he received a new name.
Now, according to the name of the pre-fortress structure of the Peter and Paul Fortress, the bridge began to be called Ioannovsky.
New reconstruction of the Ioannovsky bridge was carried out in the middle of the 20th century. Then the decor elements were updated - the grille was updated, new lights were installed.
Two parts of the Ioannovsky bridge have different decorative lattices. On one part of it, fences are installed, repeating in their pattern the gratings of the Kronverk Canal embankment. The second part is decorated with a fence with an intricate floral pattern.
Racks are decorated with images of battle axes.
The last time the structure was restored for the 300th anniversary of the city. Then the bridge deck and waterproofing were replaced, as well as the abutments of the bridge were re-lined.
With the help of new technologies, they strengthened the vaults and protected the stones from which they were made from destruction, using the chemical composition.
Now the bridge is guaranteed to be protected from destruction for the next 30 years.
In addition to strengthening the structure, work was also carried out to restore the lost decorative elements. Restored lanterns reappeared at the entrances, and on them - gilded figurines of eagles restored according to preserved drawings.
The decorative grille was also repaired.
The length of the Ioannovsky bridge is now 152 meters, and the width is 10 meters.
