The predominance of plains and low arrays, the location of powerful mining systems on the outskirts of France and low passages make it the territory convenient for the development of internal and external communication paths. At the same time, the mountain chains stand in a kind of barrier on the ground borders of France in such a way that France, despite its continental location, as it were, cut off from neighboring lands of Italy, Spain, Switzerland and Germany. This fact largely predetermined its borders precisely on the mountain ranges of the largest in Western Europe Mountain chains. Alps, Pyrenees, Ardennes, along with marine shores Ultimately, formed the territory of France in modern form.

France's relief is characterized by a large variety . The lowlands and plains of the West and the North of France gradually towering go to the mountain chains. The highest of them - the Alps, located in the south-east of France, gradually tightened to the border with Italy and Switzerland. It is here that the highest point of France and Western Europe is Mont Blanc (4807m.). The southwestern borders of France are also marked by mountain ranges - the mining system of the Pyrenees. Their height is somewhat lower than the height of the Alpine ridges, it reaches almost 3,500 meters.

In order to better imagine the relief of France and the location of the French mountains in spatially - should look at mind Mountain Ridges France where all the main mountain chains of France are displayed.

France relief on the map:

Most of the territory of France The continental bark consolidated at the end of the Paleozoic, in the Gerced tectonic era, and in the future developing in the platform mode. Exception is made French Alps and Pyrenees .

In the middle carbon, almost throughout France, including Alps and Pyrenees, there was a mountain relief . Through the extreme north-east of the country (the HOP and Pa de Calais Department) extends the pre-saying of the deflection, which is part of the so-called coal channel of Europe; It is filled with a paralysis industrial coalined formation of medium carbon (Westfhala), deployed before late carbon, and the red-colored chip formation of the upper carbon (Stephen) - the bottoms of Perm (Oden). Intergurry deflection (rabes of the same age) are known in the central array, in the Alps and at the base of the Parisian basin.

Jurassic chalk, Nizhneopaleogenic formations - shallow marine sediments (sandstones, clays, limestone), the general regression begins with oligocene, and sea precipitations in the Paris basin are replaced by continental; In the Aquitan basin, the marine regime is maintained to the Miocene inclusive. The Alps in Triassa were still represented by a part of the epigeric platform, and at the beginning of Yura, the rift formation took place here, a pool with oceanic bark appeared - part of Tethys; The relics of his cortex are represented by officers of the Pennic zone - the most internal Alps zone. On opists, the thickness of the "shiny shale" of the lower chalk and the uppermal-Paleogenic flesh. The outer zones of the Alps belonged to the underwater edge of the European continent; On the Hercyrian foundation, protruding in the so-called external crystal massif, lagoon precipitation of Triass and shallow-sea Yura, chalk and lower paleogene. The main deformations of the Alps began at the end of the Eocene and continued to the late Miocene. They were caused by the collision of the Adriatic microcontinent (Apulia) with the continent of Eurasia and led to the formation of an exceptionally complex coupling structure with a whole system of shaggy, moved in the Western and North-Western directions.

In oligocene - Miocene between the Alps and the central array, the meridional system of rift rabes of Sons and Rhones, which opened in the Mediterranean Sea stretches; It makes it a link of a more extensive Western European rift system, which also includes Rhine Graben and stretching from the North Sea to Mediterranean. Pyrenees are connected to the Alps through the latitudinal folded structures of Provence and the Lyon Bay. They also arose on the Hercyrian foundation, protruding on the surface in their axial part in a number of arrays; Platform development here continued almost to the end of the early chalk (Alba), after which there were relatively deep-water deficits with the accumulation of a powerful thickness of the uppermal - Nizhneopaleogenic flesh on both sides of the Gerced Axis on both sides. At the end of Eocene, these stratas were intensive folding and supervigoration; On the territory of France, the formation of the North-Pyrenean deflection was highlighted by the Oligocene Miocene Molasses and the prepirentic brain, bordering the Aquitan pool.

In Pliocene almost all the territory of France became land ; Armorican, central arrays and venets experienced raising. In the central array it was relatively most intense and was accompanied by a flash of volcanic activity; Volcanic devices are well preserved in the relief.

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East of r. Rhons are prayer to the ridges French Alps which are the western part of the highest mountain range in Western Europe - the Alps, with the average altitudes of mountain peaks at 3.5-4 thousand m. Especially the most ambitious northern ridges of the mountains - Savoy Alps , topped with dazzling sparkling on the sun with white hats of snow and glaciers.

Formation (process of population) Alps It was an episodic process, which began about 300 million years ago. In the Paleozoic era, Supercontinent Pangaya was formed by one tectonic stove, which was formed from several plates throughout the Mesozoic era, and the ancient Ocean Tetis (on behalf of the Greek goddess the Tefida) spread between Lavolasia and Gondwan during the Jurassic period.

Folded Structure Alp. Created mainly by the movements of the last 50 million years, which in geology received the name of alpine folds. The highest - the axial zone of the Alps is composed of ancient crystalline (gneisses, saliva shale) and metamorphic (quartz-phyllite slates) by rocks, it is distinguished by the widespread of the mining and glacial terrain and modern glaciation. Total glacier area over 4,000 km? Glaciers and eternal snow decrease to 2,500-3,200 meters. To the north, the west and south of the axial zone, the zones of limestone and the dolomites of the Mesozoic and the younger fluchase and MOLASOV formations are pre-founded with a medium-earth and lowland terrain.

Transverse valley between the Lake Bodhen and Lake Como Alps divided into higher Western Alps (Height up to 4807m, Mont Blanc Mountain) and lower and wide Eastern Alps (Height up to 4049 m, Mount Bernina).

It should be noted that in the French tradition instead of the Unified Western Alps, it is customary to allocate Western and Central Alps . In such a model, the border between the three parts of the Alps practically coincide with states: Western Alps turn out to be mainly in France Central - in Switzerland, and Eastern - in Austria.

It should be said that there is another division of the Alps in areas divided by the passages and valleys of rivers. At the same time, many researchers in their own way indicate the boundaries of such districts, which is why these alpine areas are imposed on each other. On the territory of France there are several such districts: Seaside Alps (the highest point - Ardhenteher Mount, 3297 m), Olive Alps (Tet de L "Estro (2961 m)), Kotane Alps (Monte-visa (3841 m)), Alps Doughne (Bar-des-Ecrene (4103 m)), Graysian Alps (Mont Blanc (4807 m)) located on the territory of 34.2 thousand square k.km.

Western French Alps (Pre-found) Folded by sedimentary rocks, mainly limestone. Cars rocks are widespread in prevasses. In pre-founders (Krol), there is one of the deepest karst caves in the world to 658 m. Through relatively low passes (1800-1200 m), iron and highways leading to Italy and Switzerland are laid.

The eastern part of the French Alps is higher. Solid crystalline rocks are dominated here. It is here, in the French Alps, on the border with Italy is the highest point of Western Europe - mount Mont Blanc whose height reaches 4807 m. Powerful glaciers with 2 thousand square meters are descended from Mont Blanc. km. The centuries-old ice activities, snow and melting waters led to the strong dismemberment of the Fratsus Alps. Grand ridges and rocky arrays are separated by deep and wide valleys with steep slopes, which attracts an increasing number of tourists who are loving active trees in the form of mountain ski and paragliding. Under the Mont Blanc and Mon-Seni, tunnels are laid more than 10 km each.

Pyrenees, Pyrenean Mountains (Pirineos, Franz. Pyrenees) - Mining system in the southwest of Europe (in Spain, France and Andorra). The Pyrenean Mountain Chain is an important natural line, separating the Mediterranean from Central Europe. Stretches from the Biscay Bay to the Mediterranean Sea approximately 450 km; The width is up to 110 km (in the central and eastern parts), the maximum height is up to 3404 m (Peak anetho in the Maladet array, Spain).

As a result of population movements (mainly alpine age) ancient Gerchinsky core Pyrenees It was raised at a significant height, and overlapping his sedimentary strata crumpled into steep folds, forming by places. For relief Pyrenees Characterized by the combination of medieval flat-master arrays and folded straight-elongated ridges. In the highest parts of the mountains subjected to the Pleistocene glaciation, the relief acquired alpine forms. Modern glaciation (total area of \u200b\u200babout 40 km.kv.) concentrated in Central Pyrenees Folded mainly by crystal rocks - granites, gneis, as well as slates, sandstones.

Usually Pyrenean mountain system They divide into three major regions: Atlantic (Western), Central (Aragon) and Eastern (Mediterranean) Pyrenees. Geographically, the area of \u200b\u200bPyreneev includes the following departments in France: OD, Argery, Upper Garonna, Upper (Eastern) Pyrenees and Atlantic Pyrenees. In Spain, this is a country of Basque, Navarre, Field, Wesca, Girona and Catalonia.

IN Atlantic (Western) Pyrenees belonging to France and Spain, the mountains are gradually rising from the west to the east. Western Pyrenees - medieval mountains, composed mainly by mesozoic limestones with separate arrays of crystalline rocks.

Aragon (Central) Pyrenees belong to Spain. This is the highest part of them, here are located. highest peaks Region Aneto (3404 m), Monte Perdido (3348 m), Vinmal (3298 m). The most affordable slopes of the Aragonian Pyrenees lie in Spain. Somport Pass (1632 m) connects Spain with France. South south, in the area of \u200b\u200bthe house, in parallel the main ridge stretches the mountains of Sierra de Guerra, this is the southern border of Pyrenees. From the south, Aragonian Pyrenees are almost always filled with the sun, the mountains here are cool and incisive, and small wooded valleys stretched between them.

Eastern, or Mediterranean Pyrenees , ridges and arrays whose slopes are covered pine forests, basins, belong mainly in Spain and partly France. Here they are divided by dwarf, the entirely of the Pyrenean State of the Principality of Andorra. Eastern pyrenees - ridges and arrays from crystalline rocks, sandstones, limestone, dismemberd by intricant hollows with plain bottoms.

Pyrenees Mountains and Foothills in France - One of the most colorful regions of the country: Green Mountains in the West are replaced by snowy peaks and dry foothills in the east, the population is also inhomogeneously - here and basks, and the Gasconians, and Catalans, and representatives of small nations of Europe. And at the same time, compared with the same Alps, the nature here is clean and intact, there are extensive protected areas, but practically does not occur on the fashionable and ever-raising life of the resorts of the Alpine type, and those that are - are small, cozy and focused for mostly not only on skiers, but also on fans of other types of outdoor activities. At the same time, the Western slopes of the mountains rest in the seaside resort areas of the Spanish country of Basque and French Silver Coast, and the eastern goes to the warmth mediterranean coast. In the end, B. Pyreney You can find conditions for almost any kind of rest, which attracts a lot of tourists here, first of all - the French and Spaniards themselves who visit the Pyrenees massively, coming here, most often, on their own cars for 1-2 days to admire mountain landscapes.

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Central French Array (Le Massif Central) Located in the central and southern part of France. Covers an area of \u200b\u200b85 thousand sq.m. and located on the territory of several regions of France: Overnal, Burgundy, Languedoc-Roussillon, Limuzen, South Pyrenees and Rhone-Alps. In the north, smoothly goes to the plain terrain of the Parisian basin, and in the North-West and the West - to Aquitan lowland. At the same time, in the south-west and in the East, there are common borders with the largest mountain chains of France - Pyrenees and Alps, respectively. A deep valley separates it from the Alpine Mountainside, and from Pyrenees - Languedoca Plain.

Extension Central French Massiva From north to south - about 450 kilometers, from west to east - 350 kilometers. The highest height of the central array is 1885 meters (Sansi mountain). There are other vertices exceeding a height of 1,800 meters above sea level: Du Kantal (1855 m) - the highest point of the Department of Cantal and the Mountains of Cantal; Puy Ferrand (1854 m), located next to the vertex of Sansi; Puy du Roche (1813 m); Puy Brunet (1806 m); Puy de Pair-Arce (1806 m), the second highest top of the Kantalian mountains.

The central areas of the array in which basalt plateau with the cones of extinct volcanoes alternate with plateales and meridionally elongated valleys of rivers. On the Entroduction and the Embrella, the array gradually decreases and passes into low plateaus. In the south of the central French massif - Karst Plateau, in the Southeast and East - a number of mountains and a flatbed with steep, strongly dissected slopes. Here, the central French array is characterized by maximum heights (up to 1700 m) - mountains Sevenna which turns cool and switch to the flat terrain of the Rhone and Plains of Languedoca.

It is characterized by a hilly relief with traces of the former volcanic activity, especially in its central part - overnight. Here you can observe numerous giant cones (craters) of extinct volcanoes, which over time turned into a lake or in extensive Lava fields. Thanks to geological activity in the past, the central French array is famous for its mineral sources - Vichy, Mont-Dor, La Burbul, and others. Volcanic areas of the central French massif are characterized by the fertility of soils developed on the erupted rocks.

The southern part of the central array is composed of powerful strata of limestone forming plateau KOS. . This is a karst area where fairness, dips, caves and deep gorges are raised quite often, raised river beds. Most large rivers -, Dordogne ,. All of them begin their way on the slopes of the central massif, which comes to some extent, the attachment of many famous rivers of France.

Refers to the fields of France with the predominance of urban population (about 60% of the population of the region concentrated in thirty cities-agglomerations that cover a quarter of its territory). There is enough big cities France, such as Clermont Ferrand, Saint-Etienne and Limoges. In addition, thanks to a favorable climate and a developed transport network, the population and smaller towns are growing in the region, which are gradually turning into large centers of the social and economic life of the region: Rodez (more than 49,000 inhabitants), Briv-la-Guyard (58,000) and Le Puy-An-Vel.

Southeast Central French Massiva The composition has a mountain range of Seven, which can be allocated in an independent mountain range, because The relief here has several other characteristics, nature and age of education. Here are most often the steep mountain slopes, which are somewhat lower than that of the main "volcanic" part of the central French massif, which in turn is reflected, both on climatic conditions and on the development of infrastructure that are somewhat different.

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Mountains in France are the southeast outskirts of the central French array and, at the same time, its highest part. Sevennas extend from the southwest to the northeast for 150 and kilometers. Complied mainly by granites, gneis, phyllitis, shale, in places - volcanic rocks. The vertex surface is the attached, the southern and oriental slopes are circularly break to the Ron's lowland, forming stepped discharges; The North and West slopes are gender, moving into lowlands separating from the main part of the central French massif.

Perform a watershed river Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. Many basic Rivers of France are taken in Sevennakh:, Alla, C, which belong to the Atlantic Ocean pool, and Du, Tav, Ardesh, Sez, Gardon, flowing into and the Mediterranean Sea. Sevennas are divided by the zie valley on the southern and northern.

Disintegrate on numerous mountain ranges: Montan Noir (peak of peak de hole 1210 m), Mont de Lespinuse (1126 m), Lako (1266m), Harrig (943 m), Lozer (Top Peak Di-Finel 1702 m), margeryride (vertex Mon de Randon 1554 m), Vivaré (vertices of Gerbye de Jark 1562 m and Mesen 1754), Quaron (1061 m) and Vee (1423 m). Consist of mountain ranges of Lyonne (937 m), Bugolé (1012 m) and Charolle (774 m) and are much less high than southern seven. In southern Sevennesses, the erupted rocks predominate; Granites and crystal slates, with the exception of Harrig Mountains, consisting of sedimentary breeds of the Jurassic system. In the northern Sevennas, the southern part is formed by granite rocks, and the Northern limestones of the Jurassic system.

The economic life of the population of Sevenn district is largely based on the "green" tourism and small farms, occupied, mainly breeding cattle. The structure of the mining slopes contributed to the terrace of the terraces for growing grapes, olive trees, chestnuts and mulberry. Seven in their time were the center of silk production, and many medieval mills still remain the sights of the local landscape.

Skiing in Seven distribution did not receive, because Snow cover in this region is unstable and, despite the mountainous terrain, is short-term due to a small amount of precipitation in winter. However, in Sevenn, there are two famous small ski resorts, equipped with snow guns, which helps compensate for uneven snow covering tracks. This is the resort of Pairot on the southern slopes of Egual and the resort of Blemar on the northern slope of Mount Lozer.

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The mountains located on the border of France and Switzerland, in the north-west of the Alps mountain ranges, have the shape of a crescent and almost exactly repeat the configuration of this mining array. The length of the mountain range is 340 km. The highest point is the mountain of Cre de La Neige (Crêt de la Neige), towering 1720 meters above sea level. Mountains of Yura are a natural barrier not only two neighboring states, but also climatic zones. Ourselves mountains Yura. Characterized by a harsh semi-continental climate of mountainous areas, despite their modest parameters in height. The complex geology of the mountains makes this region the reference model for many geological disciplines. That is why Mount Yura gave the name to the Jurassic geological period.

Located in the territory of 2 countries: France and Switzerland. From an administrative point of view of the Massif Du Jura (Massif Du Jura) are located within three regions of France and nine French departments: Burgundy-Franche Conte (Du, Yura, Sona-Loire and Belfort Territory), Overnal Ron Alpes (Departments - En, Isorea, Upper Savoy and Savoy) and Grand Est (Department of the Upper Rhine). On the territory of Switzerland, Massif Du Jura are located on the territory of eight Cantons: Argau (Canton D "Argovie), Basel-Land (Canton de Berne), Yura (Canton Du Jura), Neuchatel (Canton de Neuchâtel), Zhurych (Canton de Vaud) and Zurich (Canton de Vaud). Mountain chain of Yura It continues in Germany with two limestone plates of moderate height: Swabian Alba, located in Baden-Württemberg and the Franconian Yura, located in Bavaria.

He strongly depends on the relief of the array. Here you can meet areas with a wet mountain climate, and with typical continental. The temperature changes in the summer period towards the winter are very significant. Cold temperatures and the amount of precipitation increase with a height. The precipitation is observed in abundance throughout the entire mountain range and rarely matter less than 1,000 mm per year. The most wet areas are the highland terrain of the High Yura with a height of over 1,400 meters above sea level, where there is more than 2,000 mM precipitation in the year. From the actual part of the Array of Jura is characterized by a slightly smaller amount of precipitation. In winter, at an altitude of over 800 meters above sea level, the precipitate falls in the form of snow. However, during warm winters, permanent snow cover is installed only at an altitude of over 1,400 meters. As for temperatures, Jura is divided into two main regions: South-West, where the climate is characterized by soft and wet winter and hot summer, and the northeast where cold winter and cool summer are celebrated. Temperature can vary significantly depending on the season and from one place to another. Some valleys are exposed to the "cold bowl", where the absolute record of the Jura cold is recorded in the town of Brevin, Switzerland, -41.8 gr. (1987). Within the French Jura, the absolute record of the cold was recorded by the Meteofrance service in the city of Mut, and amounted to -36.7 ° C (January 13, 1968). In the same city, the heat was recorded and a record for the French Jurassic: the air temperature reached a mark + 35.7 ° C (July 31, 1983).

Northern regions of Yura. Belongs to the main European watershed, separating the rivers of the Rhone and Rhine pools. The South-West District has only a local watershed related to Ron. The rone pool belongs to the venewie, Valzerina, En and Du; The Rhine Basin includes Bir, then Tsile and others, flowing into Aaru. There are large lakes: Neuvitel and Bielskoe, however, most of the lakes of the region are small enough (for the most part it is a Multi Lakes with monotonous shores, such as, for example, a Saint Poant Lake in the River River Basin and Lake Zhu in the Orba pool).

Economic life of the population in the area of \u200b\u200bYura Rates around agriculture, mining industry and several industrial sectors. Agriculture is developed mainly in the valleys of the mountain soles and the foothills, which cultivate, including grapes and nuts. The mountain ridge of Jura is developed in order to mining a building stone (Sollar marble), a lithograph slate, gypsum, stone salt, asphalt (in Val Travel), a brown of Zheleznyak, Mergel and clay. The region is characterized by a low population density. Only industrial waders and nonsense industrial elevations are more tightly populated, as well as the fertile plate oil of the mountainous regions of Jura. In addition to agriculture, cattle breeding and mining, the main sources of income are the production of iron and steel products in the French Departments of Yura and Du, the production of watches in the Wathskaya, Neuchant and Bern Yura and in the French Department of Du, the manufacture of toys near San Croof, cement production and processing Vermouth in Val Travel, Glass Business and Paper Production in the Valley of the Bir River.

Skiing in Yura distribution did not receive, because Snow cover in this region is unstable and, despite the mountainous terrain, is short-term. However, this does not mean that this kind does not suggest here sport holiday. The main entertainment for tourists here are the equestrian, cycling and hiking, descents from the mountains on snowshoes.

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Mountains of Veges - Mountain chain located in the northeast of France, in parallel Rhine, in the West Bank. Weshes are located north from the city of Belforge, near the sources of the Moselle, right with high rippled mountains, without connecting revolts with Yura, and stretches to the north to the origins of the Laiter River. The total length of the mountain chain of the veins, including the northern spurs, located in Germany, reaches 830 km with a width of 40-60 km. As well as the Black Forest in Germany, the venets are circular to the Rhine Valley, on the other hand, slowly decrease to Larring plateau, crossed by numerous chains of the hills. Weshes consist mainly of granite, gneis, motley triad sandstone, red Perm Lenzny, porphyres, melaphis and limestone sink.

Wesight It is possible to divide into two parts: South, Higher, and North. Medium height Southern Veges is 950 m. Not far from the start of the chain, north of the Belfort Pass, the Mountain Borenkopf (1074 m), dome-shaped vertices of Zhiromania, or Ballery D ELZAS (1,274 m), and Baloch de Supvs (1 216 m). This group of medieval mountains is adjacent to the West-stretched chain of Fosille, named so in its form in the form of a sickle. Fossil connects the venets with Langro plateorest. Next, the chain rises to the Middle Vertex Grand Ballon, Velika Vogzov (1423.7 m) , then the mountains of Storkenkopf (1366 m) and Rothenbachkopf (1 316 m), Altencrakenopf (1,277 m). In the adjacent mountains The valley originates several French rivers - Mörta, Valon and Moselott. In addition, small picturesque lakes are widespread here.

Northern Veges Below south. The highest point - Rocher de Mutzig mountain (Rocher de Mutzig) - 1,010 m. Just below - Mount Donon (1,009 m). The northern veins are gradually decreasing, and in a wide Savern (Saverne) aisle have only 380 m heights, and then they gradually pass into the Larring plateore height from 220 to 320 meters above sea level.

Climate Vogz Unstable, and as well as in the Jura region, highly depends on the relief of the array, as well as the weather conditions formed in the Alps. Washers are noted by abundant precipitation that affect the fairly developed river network of the region. Western slopes, where the eastern masses are dominated from the ocean coast are busy, mainly forests and pastures. At the same time, continental air masses have a noticeable effect on the eastern slopes (Alsace), which causes the cultivation in these areas, which differ in dry and warm climates, vineyards.

In Vogzakh There are practically no large industrial enterprises, as well as big cities. The largest cities - Colmar and Mulhouse. There are some more very small towns with industrial enterprises of local caliber. Large production in the vehicles did not open, so that in good condition is preserved wildlife. This is one of the few places in Western Europe, where they live roaming, boars, deer, and 60% of the territory is covered with forests.

The weak level of urbanization in turn contributes to the tourist attractiveness of Vauge. Central and Southern Veges are the world famous resort area and the All-Eway Center for Winter Sports. Regional nature Park "Northern Veges" - reserved zoneList of UNESCO World Heritage List.

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High and low Ardennes . High Ardennes lie north of the URT River, here you can find the most high peaksAchieving the height of over 600 m. The highest point Ardennes is also here - Signaal Van Botrange (694 m). Another peak is located in the north of Luxembourg Province - Baraque de Fraiture (652 m). Low Ardennes are in the southwest, in southern Province Eno, Namur and Luxembourg, and in the western part of France. Here prevail usually low mountains and hills, up to 500 meters high above sea level. In geological terms, Ardennes deserve great attention; Starting with Cambrian deposits and up to modern formations, it is possible to meet the precipitation of all geological systems, of which other are presented very fully and very well.

Also, both the veins are distinguished by a great degree of forest cover. Forests, mostly deciduous (oak, beech, aspen, oak), less firing, decorated the slopes of mountains, coated with a thicker soil layer; In other places there are only pastures, shrub thickets, as well as empty and swamps. Only in the north and west, where Ardennes merge with the plains, possibly agriculture. Deep, in some places, the rocky Valley of Maas between Mesiere and Namir cuts through all Ardennes from the south to the north. The same transverse valleys form Urta and Suri (Ourthe, Sure). Agriculture has also been developed in the valleys.

Climate in Ardenna Defended terrain and height - precipitation here falls more than on the adjacent plains (in winter snow cover is held up to several weeks per year). In Ardennes, the influence of the sea is slightly reduced, here the climate becomes more continental, although here frosty and snow winters are rare. The average January temperature for Ardennes is slightly lower - 1 degree; And in general, the region is characterized by 120 frosty days a year. The middle July temperature is + 14 degrees. The annual rainfall in Ardennes, where the wet winds are delayed by the mountains, reaches a 1800 mm mark.

Very important in industrial terms. They are used as a source of building stone. In addition, deposits of roofing slates, iron, zinc and lead ores are open and developed. Especially rich in the minerals of the northern regions of the region, between Lutty and Valencienne, which are rich in coal departures, supporting industrial activities of Belgium.

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