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The Graduate School of Urbanism invites you to the next meeting of the Transport Lecture Hall, which will be held in Thursday, May 31 at 20:00 in a buiding Riga station... Pavel Chistyakov, Vice President , will give a lecture on the topic "How to improve transport accessibility and improve the quality of transport infrastructure in Russia?".
In his lecture, Pavel Alexandrovich will talk about the report"Integrated transport system" , which was prepared under his leadership by the Center for Strategic Research in conjunction with the Center for Infrastructure Economics.
According to the World Economic Forum, Russia ranks 64th out of 144 possible in terms of the quality of transport infrastructure. And in terms of the quality of highways - 123rd place. According to the authors of the study, this is due to the fact that, due to the high capital intensity, the complexity of regulation and the ambiguity of development goals, the domestic transport infrastructure for a long time fell out of the list of state priorities.
The transport system of Russia has become one of the constraints on the development of the country's economy and human capital. Even on significant and promising projects, the state has not made decisions for years, conserving the project at a preliminary stage and thereby worsening the investment climate in the industry. The situation is further complicated by the fact that there is no reliable statistics characterizing the needs of the population and business in transport infrastructure.
Nevertheless, according to the authors of the report, a qualitative transformation of the Russian transport system is possible in the next 5 years. For this, the model of its development must meet modern social, environmental and technological challenges and maximally promote the development of related industries. The transport system can and should become a driver of economic growth until 2035.
The CSR report “Integrated Transport System” presents ways to solve three key problems of the Russian transport complex: technological backwardness, underinvestment and insufficiently effective government regulation.
How to increase the accessibility of the country's territories? How to bring cities and countryside, western and eastern regions, home and work, Russia and its trading partners closer to each other?
To accelerate the pace of economic growth and its decentralization, to involve small towns and villages in the zone of influence of agglomerations, special efforts should be concentrated on the development of the support frame of the transport infrastructure, regional and local aviation, digitalization of transport infrastructure and the development of transport systems in settlements.
The report "Integrated Transport System" proposed a set of programs and projects for the development of the transport network, which will significantly affect the transport accessibility of the country. Pavel Alexandrovich will talk about this in detail in his speech. You can get acquainted with the materials of the report link .
.jpg) | Pavel Chistyakov Graduated from the Faculty of Geography, Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov. In 2004-2009 he was engaged in scientific activities at Moscow University, from 2009 to 2011. was the leading expert of the Foundation"Center for Strategic Research" , then headed the department for interaction with the regions of the CSR. Currently P.A. Chistyakov is vice presidentCenter for Infrastructure Economics ... His specialization is regional policy, strategic planning of the socio-economic development of regions and cities, as well as modeling the socio-economic and budgetary effects of infrastructure development. |
Reconstruction of the Putilkovskoye highway will begin in January 2019. The Governor of the Moscow Region, Andrei Vorobyov, was informed about this by the Minister of Transport and Road Infrastructure of the region Igor Treskov during the working trip of the head of the Moscow Region to the Krasnogorsk city district.
The length of the reconstructed facility is 1.7 kilometers. At the moment, design and survey work has begun. The road was officially transferred from municipal ownership to the balance of the regional government. The cost of the work will be 2.5 billion rubles. The reconstruction is planned to be completed in 2021.
“We have commissioned the reconstruction and expansion of the Putilkovskoye highway in the corresponding area. And in January-February, they should go to the construction site, prepare the territory and expand this road within 18-20 months, ”said Andrei Vorobyov.
Photo source: press service of the governor and the government of the Moscow region During the reconstruction, the number of traffic lanes will be increased to four. The expansion of the carriageway and the creation of new road infrastructure facilities will significantly increase the throughput of the highway and improve the transport situation in the urban district.
Photo source: TV channel "360" In the village of Putilkovo, the construction of a new school "Mosaic" has been completed. It is designed for 1,510 seats. The Governor of the Moscow Region Andrei Vorobyov is an educational institution and assessed the quality of the work.
3. Tasks to Achieve Goal 3
"Ensuring the availability and quality of transport services
for the population in accordance with social standards "
In order to ensure the availability and quality of transport services for the population in accordance with social standards, it is planned to solve the following main tasks:
Planning the development of passenger transport systems and rolling stock based on the forecast of socio-economic development and transport and economic balance;
Development of high-speed and high-speed rail passenger transportation;
Development of passenger transportation on socially significant routes;
Development and implementation of social transport standards;
Formation of an economic and legal model of a competitive market for affordable and high-quality transport services for the population. Improving admission to commercial activities in the field of passenger transportation;
Development of regional air transportation;
Development of systems of urban, suburban passenger transport and transport of local importance (rural);
Creation of intelligent transport systems to improve the quality of passenger transportation using modern information and telecommunication technologies and the GLONASS global navigation system, as well as vehicle and flow control technologies;
Development of multimodal passenger transportation in regional, interregional and international traffic.
The solution to the problem of planning the development of passenger transport systems and rolling stock based on the forecast of socio-economic development and transport and economic balance provides for:
Determination, based on the forecast of socio-economic development and transport and economic balance, of the optimal need for passenger rolling stock fleets for the implementation by transport enterprises of highly efficient economically justified transport technologies that ensure the required volume and quality of transport services in the field of passenger transportation, as well as the implementation of a unified transport policy in the field planning and management in passenger transport;
Motivation of transport enterprises to develop, including renewal (decrease in age), of passenger rolling stock fleets (passenger cars, public vehicles, river cruise and passenger ships, sea-going ships under the Russian flag, aircraft), provision of competitive lending schemes for fleet renewal vehicles, as well as assistance in the development of a fleet of passenger rolling stock, which is not inferior in technical and economic parameters to world analogues.
In railway transport - a massive renewal of the passenger rolling stock with the replacement of obsolete cars and electric trains with modern ones;
In sea transport - the construction of passenger ships, including cruise and sea passenger terminals;
In inland waterway transport - the construction of passenger ships (including for regional transport) and cruise ships;
In air transport - the purchase of passenger aircraft and the promotion of the acquisition of Russian-made aircraft.
Solving this problem will improve the parameters of passenger vehicle fleets, plan the volumes of their development, and improve the quality and safety of passenger service.
The solution to the problem of developing high-speed and high-speed rail passenger traffic provides for:
Expansion of accessibility zones for the population of high-speed and high-speed intercity passenger transportation;
Development of suburban high-speed passenger transportation, including intermodal transportation, to provide communication between the airport and the city.
The implementation of these measures is ensured through the development of high-speed rail passenger transportation in long-distance and fast suburban traffic, the creation of high-speed dedicated lines, as well as the separation of freight and passenger traffic in separate directions.
The development of high-speed and high-speed rail transport will ensure an increase in the quality of life of the population in the country, expand the radius of socio-economic activity around cities, increase the transport accessibility of economic centers, create conditions for the development of high-tech industries, and create new jobs and provide access to qualified labor force.
Solving the problem of developing passenger transportation on socially significant routes provides for:
Ensuring passenger transportation on socially significant routes, including their affordability, including in the Far North, in the Kaliningrad region, in the Far East and in Transbaikalia;
Provision of transportation of privileged categories of passengers and provision of transportation services at tariffs set below the economically justified level;
Providing passenger transportation by inland waterway transport in hard-to-reach northern and eastern regions, where it is uncontested and life-supporting;
The implementation of these measures is ensured through the implementation of the following activities:
In railway transport - improvement of state regulation and forms of state support in the implementation of socially significant transportation;
In maritime and inland waterway transport - improvement of state regulation and forms of state support in the implementation of socially significant transportation, the construction of a passenger fleet and the development of coastal infrastructure to service passengers;
In air transport - improvement of state regulation and forms of state support in the implementation of socially significant transportation.
The solution of this problem will ensure the availability of transport services for categories of the population in need of social support, as well as provide socially significant transport links in remote and hard-to-reach territories, including in the regions of the North, Siberia and the Far East, as well as in areas equated to them.
Solving the problem of developing and implementing social transport standards provides for:
Development of a financial, economic and calculation model of social transport standards;
Development and implementation of a program for the implementation of social transport standards, first at a minimum level, and then - in accordance with the program for their development on a progressive scale;
Creation of an accessible transport environment for people with disabilities and other low-mobility groups of the population;
Modernization of rolling stock fleets of automobile and urban ground electric transport of general use for the transportation of people with limited mobility;
Creation of links between urban agglomerations using road and rail high-speed and high-speed transport;
Increasing the availability of air transportation for the population (development of aviation mobility).
Solving this problem will ensure the availability and quality of passenger transport services for all categories of the population, as well as create conditions for increasing the level of these services on a progressive scale. Social transport standards will become one of the benchmarks in accordance with which the development of transport infrastructure and transport services for the population will be carried out.
Solving the problem of forming an economic and legal model of a competitive market for affordable and high-quality transport services for the population, as well as improving admission to commercial activities in the field of passenger transportation, provides for:
Development of an economic and legal model of the market for competitive transport services in the field of passenger transportation and the creation of an effective mechanism for state control of the real level of competition and regulation of the market of transport services for the carriage of passengers;
Improving state regulation of the activities of natural monopolies in the field of passenger rail transportation and airport activities;
Development of a tariff regulation system for passenger road transport, improvement of the system for providing funds to the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation for the implementation of expenses to ensure equal accessibility of public road transport services to the population, as well as improvement of mechanisms for compensating for lost income when regulating tariffs for passenger transportation;
Improvement of the rules for admission to commercial activities in the field of passenger transportation and admission control mechanisms;
Improving the mechanism for compensating for losses in income from the implementation of state tariff regulation in the field of passenger transportation by rail and socially significant transportation by other modes of transport;
Improving the complex of measures of state support for the development of regional aviation based on the interaction of federal, regional and municipal authorities;
State support for the development of river passenger traffic on the basis of compensation measures and effective interaction of federal, regional and municipal authorities;
Improvement of legal support for effective competition of carriers on the public transport route network;
Limiting unproductive competition based on reducing the cost of transportation at the expense of safety and quality of transportation services;
Motivation for the modernization of transport systems in order to introduce innovative transport technologies for the transportation of passengers, thereby increasing the availability and quality of transport services for the population.
The implementation of these measures is ensured through the implementation of the following activities:
In railway transport - improving the quality of passenger traffic and improving tariff regulation;
In road transport - improving tariff regulation and state support for the development of passenger traffic;
In air transport - improving tariff regulation and state support for the development of passenger traffic.
The solution of this problem will make it possible to form a system of state regulation of a competitive market for high-quality transport services in the field of passenger transportation. It is envisaged to create an effective competitive environment and requirements for market participants, which will make it economically feasible for them to sustainably increase the availability, quality and safety of passenger traffic. Along with this, conditions will be created to ensure the sustainable implementation and development of types of passenger transportation, the importance of which for society is undoubted.
Solving the problem of developing regional air transportation provides for:
Development of regional air transportation infrastructure;
Improving the structure of air routes.
The implementation of these measures is ensured by improving state regulation of activities in the field of passenger transportation at the federal and regional levels.
Solving this problem will increase the availability of air transport communications for the majority of the country's population, create additional direct transport links between regions and within them.
The solution to the problem of developing systems for urban, suburban passenger transport and transport of local importance (rural) provides for:
Carrying out a set of measures aimed at increasing the speed of public transport and reducing the average time of transport accessibility in urban agglomerations (travel time of commuting population on transport);
Increasing the ergonomic attractiveness (comfort) of the rolling stock of public transport for the population;
Development of technologies and organizational measures aimed at increasing the regularity of public transport in urban agglomerations, as well as local transport (rural);
Development of hard-surface motor roads in rural areas, providing settlements with a constant year-round connection with the network of public motor roads;
Increasing the availability, quality and volume of services provided by passenger stations;
State support for the development of programs for the development of urban water transport in large cities with inland waterways.
The implementation of these measures is ensured through the implementation of the following activities:
In railway transport - strengthening the role of suburban and intracity railway communication for the needs of the population of agglomerations in transport services;
In urban transport - the development of transport systems providing high-speed communication using rail transport and buses;
In the road sector - the construction of hard-surface motor roads in rural areas, providing settlements with a constant year-round connection with the network of public roads;
In maritime transport - construction of transport hubs in seaports;
In the inland waterway transport - the construction of transport hubs in river ports, the development of intracity and suburban passenger traffic.
The solution to this problem will improve the transport situation in cities, especially in large urban agglomerations, reduce the duration of trips, increase their predictability in time, increase the attractiveness of public passenger transport for the population, as well as improve transport services for the population in intermunicipal and intradistrict communications.
The solution to the problem of creating intelligent transport systems to improve the quality of passenger transportation using modern information and telecommunication technologies and the GLONASS global navigation system, vehicle and flow control technologies provides for:
Equipping the rolling stock of automobile and urban ground electric transport of general use with modern information and telecommunication systems and the GLONASS global navigation system;
Equipping the street and road network in cities, as well as the main outbound federal highways and adjacent highways of regional and municipal importance, with technical means of traffic management and systems for collecting information about traffic flows connected to intelligent transport systems that provide control over land public transport;
Development of intelligent transport systems that ensure the management of ground public transport - expanding the zones of controlled traffic and increasing the efficiency of management, increasing the speed and rhythm, the stability of the operation of public transport with minimal interference to other traffic participants;
Development of information systems for passengers and road users, as well as the creation of demand management systems for traffic in urban agglomerations.
Solving the problem of creating intelligent transport systems in the field of passenger transportation will increase the efficiency of public transport in the face of limited infrastructure capacity and fluctuations in the load on the road network, increase the stability of its operation and attractiveness for the population in comparison with a private car, as well as reduce due to this is a load on the road network.
Solving the problem of developing multimodal passenger transportation in regional, interregional and international traffic provides for:
Development of hub technologies for passenger transportation;
Stimulating the development of information services and related services for passengers on multimodal transportation;
Formation of a network of multimodal social transportation.
The implementation of these measures is ensured through the implementation of the following activities:
In railway transport - the implementation of projects to increase the integration of long-distance, suburban and intracity rail transport, the modernization of railway stations and stations with the creation of transport hubs on their infrastructure, the development of rail links with the country's largest airports;
In air transport - the development of hub technologies and the improvement of passenger service technologies;
In the transport complex - the creation and development of multimodal transport interchange hubs, the introduction of a universal multimodal ticket for domestic traffic, including in electronic form, as well as for international traffic.
The solution of this problem will improve the quality of transport services for the population in terms of the convenience of using several types of transport, reducing the time and physical costs for transfers, optimizing multimodal travel routes, as well as providing additional effective demand for transportation for transport companies participating in efficient chains of multimodal passenger transportation ...
Preparation for the 2018 FIFA World Cup is an important set of measures to improve the availability and quality of transport services in the field of passenger transportation in order to achieve goal 3. This set of activities includes:
Renewal of passenger rolling stock fleets - passenger coaches, public vehicles that provide transport services for the FIFA World Cup, increase the ergonomic attractiveness (comfort) of public transport rolling stock for passengers, including modernization of the rolling stock of road and urban ground electric transport general use for the transportation of people with limited mobility;
In urban transport - the development of public transport systems that provide high-speed communication using rail transport and buses, the development of suburban high-speed passenger transportation, including intermodal transportation, for communication between the airport and the city, as well as such long-distance and suburban transportation. message;
Increasing the speed of public transport, reducing the average time of transport accessibility of competition venues, as well as increasing the regularity of public transport;
Improvement of legal support for effective competition of carriers on the public transport route network;
Improving the quality and volume of services provided by railway stations, airports (including using hub technologies for passenger transportation), as well as the construction of new transport hubs;
Equipping the street and road network in the cities - participants in the competition, the main outbound federal highways and adjacent highways of regional and municipal importance with technical means of organizing traffic and collecting information about traffic flows connected to the ITS, ensuring the management of public ground transport, expanding the zones controlled traffic and improving the efficiency of management, as well as increasing the speed and rhythm, the stability of public transport with minimal interference to other road users;
Equipping the rolling stock of automobile and urban ground electric transport of general use with modern information-telecommunication and global navigation systems (GLONASS);
Creation of unified electronic systems for selling tickets and paying for travel on several types of transport;
Development of information systems for passengers and traffic participants in cities participating in the competition.
The main activities for solving problems within the framework of achieving goal 3 are given in Appendix No. 4 to the Transport Strategy.
Omsk University Bulletin. Series "Economics". 2012. No. 1. S. 40-46.
INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE PROCESS OF FORMATION OF ACCESSIBLE TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE IN REGIONS
INCREASE OF EFFICIENCY OF PROCESS OF FORMATION OF AN ACCESSIBLE TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE IN REGIONS
K.E. Safronov K.E. Safronov
Siberian State Automobile and Highway Academy (SibADI)
A program-targeted approach to the formation of a barrier-free environment for people with limited mobility in the regional aspect is presented. The formation of an accessible environment is considered as an intensive way of economic development and an effective way of investing. It is proposed to study this problem in a comprehensive manner in the system "housing - environment - transport - service facilities" and to solve it using modern project management methods.
In article the program-target approach to formation of the accessible environment for people with the limited possibilities in regional aspect is considered environments. Availability - the public blessing, which utility is especially effectively shown on a labor market and in social sphere. Formation of the accessible environment is an intensive way of development of economy and an effective way of an investment of investments. The "habitation -environment - transport - objects of service" is expedient to consider the given problem in a complex in system and to solve modern methods of management of the projects.
Key words: barrier-free environment, transport accessibility, people with limited mobility, project management, investments, economic efficiency.
Key words: accessible environment, transport availability, people with the limited possibilities, project management, investments, economic efficiency.
Recently, more and more attention has been paid to the availability of the living environment for people with limited mobility (MGN). In our country, the implementation of the state program "Accessible Environment" for 2011-2015 has begun, the goal of which is to create conditions by 2015 to ensure equal access for people with disabilities, on an equal basis with others, to the physical environment, transport, information and communication, as well as to facilities and services open or provided to the public. Total funding for the program for 2011-2015 will amount to RUB 46.9 billion, including RUB 26.9 billion. from the federal budget, 19.7 billion rubles.
From the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, from extra-budgetary sources, it is necessary to attract 269.3 million rubles. ... The main condition for the implementation of departmental and regional target programs is the organization and conduct of their competitive selection. The amount of funds from the budget of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation must be at least 50% of the amount of funds provided for these purposes at the expense of the federal budget.
The infrastructure of most regions of our country is not adapted to living, moving and servicing MGN, which include: people with hearing and vision impairments, musculoskeletal disorders and their attendants, elderly citizens, children, pregnant women, as well as people leading an active lifestyle and those who travel with strollers, with luggage, on bicycles and rollerblades, etc. Now, according to the Ministry of Health and Social Development, 13.2 million people with disabilities live in Russia, of which 66% are pensioners and 4% are children. Only 26% of disabled people of working age work, 60% of citizens with disabilities of the musculoskeletal system face barriers when using public transport, 48% experience problems when buying food. One third of the population suffers from the inaccessibility of the environment. All civilized countries follow the path of integrating disabled people into society, this is provided for by the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, which has already been signed by 147 countries, including Russia.
Original Russian Text © K.E. Safronov, 2012
The need for the formation of an accessible transport infrastructure in our country has matured for a long time and are formulated as follows:
People with disabilities and MGN, due to the inaccessibility of the environment, are limited in the exercise of their constitutional rights;
Restrictions for a large part of the population of the living environment has negative social and economic consequences for the entire society;
The level of economic development of Russia makes it possible to direct part of the funds to the formation of a barrier-free environment;
An accessible environment, including transport infrastructure, contributes to the innovative development of the economy.
The resources that the public sector receives, accumulating the revenues of the state and municipal budgets, are realized in the form of public expenditures, which are understood as the use of resources in order to meet the needs for public goods and the implementation of social redistribution processes. Sometimes the market mechanism does not allow achieving para-efficient resource allocation. For a number of reasons, situations may arise, called market failures, in which the market cannot cope with its functions, or cannot ensure the production of a good at all, or cannot ensure its production in an effective volume. It is precisely this inability of the market to provide
stupidity, despite the adopted laws, can be considered as a basis for government intervention in the economy. There must be an understanding of the competitive advantages that accessibility provides for this mechanism to work in full force.
The main target setting of the state budgetary policy is to improve the life of the population. For its implementation, it is important to concentrate sufficient budget expenditures in priority areas and sectors that can strengthen the economic potential and, at the same time, increase budget revenues. One of the mechanisms for the placement and redistribution of public goods is program-targeted budget planning. The efficiency of its implementation depends on the quality of the development of the target program. In this regard, research aimed at developing regional programs on the accessibility of the environment and transport infrastructure, determining the amount of funding and the socio-economic efficiency of programs is acquiring particular relevance.
Methodology for the formation of an accessible transport infrastructure. Since 2004, SibADI has been conducting research on the organization of transport services for the disabled. During this time, a methodology for the formation of an accessible transport infrastructure (TI) was formed, based on the program-targeted approach and the project management method and including an economic assessment of accessibility (Fig.).
1. Identification of problems of accessibility of TI
2. Transformation of problems into goals
3. Development of investment projects for the availability of TI
Scientific and methodological Financial
Urban Planning Transport
Legal Technical
Social Organizational
Economic Information
Investment Environmental
4. Audit of TI availability
Odds
accessibility
6. Development of a target program; 5. Justification of the costs of collateral
Examination and approval of the availability of TI
7. Preparation of tender documentation 8. Implementation of investment projects
Conducting competitions for the availability of TI
10. Evaluation of investment efficiency; 9. Formation of the project team;
onny projects on the availability of TI Control; Control
Methodology for the formation of an accessible transport infrastructure
Let us consider individual points of this methodology in the context of the development of regional accessibility programs.
1. Development of regional and municipal accessibility programs begins with identifying problems. The tools here are sociological surveys, field surveys (audits) and analysis of the impact of accessibility on the social and economic development of society. The identification of transport accessibility problems is carried out on the basis of an analysis of the process of movement of people with disabilities. Such movements are carried out in the environment of life: "housing - environment - transport infrastructure - objects of gravity", which includes individual elements of service systems. Each element of the system has a set of indicators that characterize its availability: slopes, dimensions, dimensions, distances, time, safety, cost, efficiency. In most cases, a system of transport services of a certain level (municipal, regional, federal) is involved. The degree of implementation of MGN's needs depends on the state of its availability. An analysis of the availability of transport infrastructure in large cities of the Russian Federation has identified problems that need to be addressed.
Scientific and methodological problems are associated with the lack of a methodology for the formation of an accessible transport infrastructure and an assessment of its effectiveness. Insufficient attention is paid to research and development and training. Availability measures are not always built into the infrastructure design phase, which increases costs and decreases their effectiveness.
Urban planning problems are associated with the fact that housing, urban environment, transport and social infrastructure are not suitable for the movement of MGN. All this takes a lot of time, effort and money for movement, leads to unnecessary overrun of transport, overloading of the road network and environmental degradation. Sections of urban planning documentation on accessibility are formal and not always implemented, the novelty of the subject matter and the lack of a personnel training system affect.
Legal problems in many regions are associated with gaps in the legislative and regulatory framework and a lack of expertise in accessibility. Transport infrastructure facilities are often rented out with violations of accessibility requirements.
Social problems. Disability is not an attribute of the person himself, transport inaccessibility forms the social and environmental component of disability and leads to technological discrimination of disabled people. This can also include medical and educational problems: the former are associated with difficulties in the rehabilitation of disabled people, the latter with their training and integration into society.
Economic problems. The inaccessibility of transport infrastructure for people with disabilities and MOG causes significant economic damage associated with the action of numerous negative factors. Business inaccessibility significantly affects its traffic and profitability. Low mobility gives rise to unemployment and poverty among people with disabilities, and for the state - an increase in social spending. Inaccessibility holds back consumer spending, which affects the economy. This problem concerns not only people with disabilities and their families, but also the economic and social development of the whole society, where human potential remains unclaimed, which ultimately affects the growth of GDP.
Investment problems. To obtain a reliable assessment of the effectiveness of investments in the development of the transport complex, it is necessary to take into account the factor of accessibility. There is no mechanism to stimulate state and non-state structures to intensify activities in terms of ensuring conditions for the availability of social and transport infrastructure facilities for people with disabilities and people with limited mobility.
Funding problems. The lack and irregularity of financing leads to the fact that work on the construction and reconstruction of transport (social, engineering) infrastructure is carried out in a limited time and with low quality. Practice shows that the main criterion of competitive selection - low offered price negatively affects the quality and set of consumer properties of the final product.
Transport problems are associated with the lack of an established system of transport services for disabled people. The forms of transport services are considered: individual transport, pedestrian traffic, social taxi, urban and non-urban passenger transport, the functioning of specialized routes.
Technical problems stem from the lagging behind the rehabilitation industry. There are no standard solutions to the issues of access
facilities of social and transport infrastructures, rolling stock. Innovative technologies are slowly being introduced into the process of passenger transportation.
Organizational problems are associated with the lack of a management system for the formation of an accessible transport infrastructure in most regions. When addressing accessibility issues, project management methods are not used, and the operational activities of administrative structures are not focused on solving complex problems. In addition, such structures have not yet been created due to the novelty of the topic.
Information problems are associated with the lack of a database on the availability of transport infrastructure facilities, there is no register of wheelchair users. There are no indicators in the statistical system that reflect the affordability of housing, social and transport infrastructures for MGN. A system of objective criteria and methods for auditing the accessibility of buildings and structures, means of transport, communications and information, relevant design and technical documentation, instructions and the procedure for its conduct has not been developed.
Environmental problems are associated with excessive overrun of transport, obsolete rolling stock, overloading of the road network and an increase in harmful emissions caused by the underdevelopment and inaccessibility of pedestrian and transport routes.
2. These problems in the project management methodology are transformed into goals and objectives and are solved at the modern scientific level using domestic and foreign experience. Approaches to solving the problems posed include:
Development of a new scientific direction "economics of accessibility", which examines the impact of accessibility on the development of the economy;
Implementation of the entire range of measures to create a barrier-free environment, including personnel training, the use of universal design principles and accessibility sections in urban planning documentation;
Improving the regulatory framework at the federal, regional and municipal levels;
Providing people with disabilities with equal access to values prestigious in a given society: to receive educational, medical, social and other social services, decent work;
Determination of damage from the inaccessibility of transport infrastructure and justification of the costs of measures for accessibility;
Development of investment projects using the mechanism of public-private partnership and assessment of their socio-economic efficiency;
Determination of measures to motivate and stimulate the implementation of measures for accessibility, creation of a mechanism for their sustainable financing;
Increasing the mobility of the population by organizing transport services for people with disabilities and MGN with a choice of forms of POI, work on adapting the route network and rolling stock;
Development of the production base of means of accessibility and rehabilitation, modernization of the rolling stock of passenger transport;
Organization of databases on the availability of transport infrastructure facilities for MGN;
Formation of an effective management system for the development of transport infrastructure, taking into account accessibility;
Increasing the accessibility of the pedestrian and transport network, which will reduce the overrun of vehicles, unload the road network and reduce the amount of harmful emissions;
Using an integrated approach to the rehabilitation of disabled people, which consists of three components: medical, social and labor areas.
Currently, rehabilitation is considered not only as a system of measures in specific directions, but also as a process of changes in the condition of a disabled person. The most promising way of integrating people with disabilities into society is social rehabilitation, which is usually considered through socio-cultural inclusion and an independent lifestyle, in which a barrier-free environment and accessible transport play an important role.
3. The barrier-free environment is a public good that improves the quality of life of the entire population. According to the functional classification of budgetary expenditures of the state, accessibility refers to expenditures on social policy, transport, road facilities, communications and informatics and is an expenditure obligation of the state. The development of investment projects for accessibility has a number of features. The obligation to create an enabling environment for people with disabilities extends to organizations, regardless of ownership, so they can be initiated by investors who want to improve
make your business accessible. In any case, the development of accessibility projects begins with an assessment of the current accessibility situation.
4. SibADI has developed a universal
methodology for auditing the availability of various objects, which includes: selection of an object for verification, selection of the composition of the commission, compilation of a list of regulatory requirements, verification of their compliance and development of measures to eliminate them. We have developed a system of coefficients reflecting the availability of various elements of the living environment for people with limited mobility: 0
Availability is not required; 0,1 ... 1 - not available; 1,1__2 - available with third party software
power; 2,1.3 - available independently. The advantage of such a system lies in the transition from expert assessments to specific indicators that allow you to analyze, systematize and improve accessibility. These criteria can be used in the statistical system.
5. In many regions, targeted programs are already being implemented to create a barrier-free environment, adopted on the basis of the federal target program “Social support for disabled people for 2006-2010”. Their analysis showed a wide range of funding. It is possible to assess the financial capabilities of the regions when financing targeted programs on the basis of their cost in relation to the GRP of the region and per capita. Fluctuations are significant: from
0.02% (Samara region) to 2.12% (Lipetsk region). In terms of specific indicators, the values also differ: 3495.3 rubles. per 1 resident (Moscow) and 2,025.6 rubles. (Omsk region).
Difficulties in the development of regional and municipal target programs based on the State Enterprise "Accessible Environment" for 2011-2015. are of a financial and technical nature. Despite the fact that this procedure is prescribed by federal legislation, in some subjects there are still no regional norms that determine the procedure for the development and adoption of targeted programs.
6. In the Omsk region, a long-term target program "Accessible Environment" for 2011-2015 has been developed. with a funding volume of 2.4 billion rubles. The activities of the program are aimed at creating the accessibility of social, engineering and transport infrastructure for people with disabilities, which will help to overcome the self-isolation of people with disabilities, increase their individual mobility and social activity, create conditions
to lead an independent lifestyle. The activities of the program are developed on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of the situation of people with disabilities in the Omsk region, identifying existing restrictions and barriers that impede the accessibility of the living environment for people with disabilities, and their impact on the socio-economic development of the Omsk region. The program-based method will make it possible to use financial resources more efficiently, concentrating them on solving priority tasks, and providing a comprehensive solution to the problems identified by this program.
Within the framework of the direction "Ensuring unimpeded access of disabled people to social, engineering and transport infrastructure", measures will be taken to introduce the principles of universal design, primarily at the main social infrastructure facilities, to adapt buildings, premises, and adjacent territories for disabled people. This will create conditions that provide these categories of the population with equal opportunities with all citizens in the use of social, engineering and transport infrastructure, which will increase the level of their individual mobility with the maximum possible degree of independence.
7. The package of tender documentation is formed on the basis of the adopted program. The customer of the regional program is the Government of the Omsk Region, the executor-coordinator is the Ministry of Labor and Social Development of the Omsk Region, contractors are determined by competitive selection. There are certain risks that need to be foreseen in advance, for example, non-fulfillment of the contract on time, poor quality of work, etc. The criteria for competitive selection can serve as a tool to minimize them. In them, in addition to mandatory requirements, it is advisable to lay down certain guarantees on the part of contractors. The customer, in turn, is obliged to provide funding in a timely manner.
8. The implementation of accessibility requirements is carried out by methods of new construction or reconstruction of existing facilities, through the acquisition of adapted rolling stock and equipment. Moreover, all solutions must be simple, recognizable, high quality, durable, reliable and made in the same style, which must be developed. In this regard, the tasks
should include a scientific component - this is a study of accessibility problems, which may include the development of accessibility criteria and measures to ensure them, training of specialists in a barrier-free environment, participation in the development of projects, technologies, selection of materials, decor elements, architectural elements, colors, fonts, sound maintenance, taking into account the principles of universal design, etc.
9. Even if the target program is developed and adopted, its high-quality implementation requires great efforts from its customer-coordinator (directorate). Abroad, for these purposes, project management technology is used, and a project team is formed. Typically, a serious program is a series of related projects that are coordinated to achieve benefits and a degree of control that cannot be achieved by managing them individually. Project management technology provides for an analysis phase, which includes identifying the participants, their key problems, obstacles and opportunities, clarifying causal relationships, developing goals, defining various strategies to achieve the goal, identifying the overall goals and objectives of the project. In the planning phase, the structure of the project is determined, its internal logic is checked, as well as the formulation of goals and results in measurable terms, an approximate estimate of resources, the sequence and dependence of actions, the duration and distribution of responsibility are determined. In a market economy, any program or project is associated with investment and expected income. The team implementing the project is interested in its maximum efficiency.
The most important element of the high-quality implementation of accessibility measures should be control by public organizations for disabilities, authorities and local self-government. The involvement of people with disabilities by expert users allows to intensify the process of creating a barrier-free environment and avoid mistakes. It often happens that the project provides for accessibility measures, but in the process of its implementation they are overlooked, or they do not meet the needs of people with limited mobility. In Moscow, for example, social security agencies have created departments for a barrier-free environment, which carry out an examination of finished objects for availability and where they
approval of projects, starting with a design assignment.
Due to the fact that investments in comprehensive reconstruction to ensure accessibility are investments in real assets: in the development of land plots and territories, the construction and reconstruction of residential buildings, cultural and consumer services and transport infrastructure, it is difficult to calculate the social and economic effect of the program. ... In economic science, there are areas dedicated to the national economy, production, management, ecology, individual industries and sectors of industry. Methods have been developed that make it possible to determine the effectiveness of reducing harmful emissions, from the transition to innovative methods of farming, from the introduction of advanced technologies, etc. However, there is no section in which the processes associated with the effectiveness of the formation of a barrier-free environment and the assessment of their impact on the economy country. People with disabilities are one of the most vulnerable categories of citizens due to not only their social status, but also their disabilities. Nevertheless, fighting for their rights, they improve the quality of life, making the living environment not only accessible, but also comfortable for the entire population. The positive effect is amplified many times over in all sectors of the national economy.
Many advanced economies are already reaping the benefits of well-designed market strategies targeting older tourists and people with disabilities. Research shows that the market created by older people is just waiting to be discovered. In the United States, annual revenues for the restaurant and hospitality industry grew 12% thanks to the implementation of the standards of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. People with disabilities also represent a rich source of untapped potential for job creation. The economic consequences of unemployment are expressed primarily in the loss of a part of the gross national product (GNP). American researcher A. Oaken calculated that each percentage exceeding the unemployment rate reduces the GNP by 2.5%. In our country, it is calculated that an increase of 1% in the number of working disabled people will increase revenues to the consolidated budget (including the Pension-
fund of the Russian Federation) by 1.5 billion rubles. In Europe and North America, the tourism market for people with disabilities and their companions is growing rapidly and is valued at billions of dollars. In Russia, for example, the implementation of the Sochi - a Hospitable City project, taking into account the accessibility for people with limited mobility, will allow not only the Paralympic Games to be held in 2014, but also in the future to use the accessible infrastructure of the city for millions of holidaymakers, which will lead to the development of tourism-related industries and services, employment and economic development of the entire region.
The importance of a barrier-free environment, taking into account financial and economic efficiency, lies in: improving the quality of life of the entire population, reducing the period of temporary disability, increasing the value of territories, reducing street injuries, organizing walking and cycling, increasing mobility and improving the health of the population, increasing employment of people with limited mobility, increasing the quality of transport services, the integration of people with disabilities into society, an increase in budget revenues, an increase in the cultural level, an increase in consumer spending, an increase in the income of businesses and commercial structures, ultimately, accessibility leads to the growth of the regional economy.
The use of these approaches will help to increase the efficiency of the accessibility formation process and will improve the quality of life of the entire population to the level of international standards. Implementation of the state program "Accessible Environment" throughout the country using new project management technologies is, of course, an innovative way of economic development.
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