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Project “Let’s open the world to each other” Nomination “I’ll show you this city” PARIS Performed by: Ivan Smirnov, CLIO team, school No. 185, Nizhny NovgorodSlide 2
ISLAND OF CITE Paris originated on the Isle of Cité in the middle of the Seine. In the 3rd century BC. the Parisian tribe settled here. In 52, the settlement was captured by the Romans, and in the 5th century by the Franks. The city, called Lutetia, developed and became a crossroads of important trade routes. Gradually, the name Lutetia disappeared from use; it was replaced by the name “city of Parisians,” which soon transformed into Paris. Over time, the city went beyond the island of Cité, people settled on the banks of the Seine and occupied the hills closest to it. Nowadays, of the medieval buildings in the eastern part of the Cité, only Notre Dame Cathedral has survived.
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CATHEDRAL OF NOTRY DADY OF PARIS The first stone of the cathedral was laid in 1163 by King Louis VII and Pope Alexander III. Before this, on the site of the cathedral there was an ancient Roman temple from the 1st century, and later a Christian basilica. Construction of Notre Dame Cathedral continued until 1345. History has not preserved the name of the first architect of the cathedral. It is only known that the Parisian Bishop Maurice de Sully took part in the drafting of the project. The building has reached us in an unfinished state. Its two 70-meter towers were supposed to be crowned with spiers.
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The cathedral is a five-nave basilica (length 130 m, width 105 m, vault height 35 m). From the entrance there is a view of the central high nave, choir and altar. The cathedral houses the largest organ in France (Master Clicquot, 18th century, 7800 pipes)
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STAINED GLASS GLASSES “ROSE” Of the interior decorations of the 13th century in the Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris, only the stained glass windows of the “rose” - a round window (10 meters in diameter) of the southern portal of the central facade - have been preserved. The stained glass window is dedicated to the theme of “blessed eternity”: the apostles, saints and angels of heaven are located around Jesus Christ.
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SQUARE OF JOHN XXIII Behind the southern façade of Notre Dame Cathedral is the Square of John XXIII. On the site of the square there was first a dump of construction waste, then, from the 17th century, the residence of the archbishop. In 1831, the building was demolished, the vacant lot was bought by the Prefect of the Seine, Rambuteau, who planted trees and flowers there and decorated it with a fountain of the Virgin (1845).
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CONCIERGERY The Conciergerie is part of the royal castle of the Capetian era (14th century). The two towers of the castle - Caesar and Silver - are framed on both sides by facades of the 17th century. From the Middle Ages, the castle has preserved a hall of warriors, a hall of armed guards, kitchen services, and a courtyard.
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NEW BRIDGE The new bridge connects the western part of the Ile de la Cité with both banks of the Seine. Contrary to its name, it is the oldest surviving bridge in Paris. The first stone was laid on May 31, 1578. Construction was completed in 1606. The bridge project belonged to the outstanding architect Andruet du Cersault. The bridge turned out to be so strong that it was never rebuilt.
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EQUESTRIAN STATUE OF HENRY IV In 1614, a statue of Henry IV was erected near the New Bridge. During the French Revolution, the statue was removed from its pedestal, but was restored in 1818 by the sculptor Lemo.
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BASILICA OF SACRE-COEUR When Prussian troops laid siege to Paris in 1870, two French Catholics, Alexandre Legenty and Roo de Fleury, vowed that if France won the war, they would build a church and dedicate it to the Sacred Heart of Christ. France lost, but Paris escaped occupation. In 1875, construction of the basilica began using public donations. The project was developed by the architect Abadi. The consecration of the temple took place in 1919. The basilica was built in the neo-Byzantine style from white sandstone. The interior is richly decorated with marble sculpture, stained glass and mosaics.
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CATHEDRAL OF THE HOUSE OF THE DISABLED Frequent wars led to the fact that in the mid-17th century in France there were many retired disabled soldiers forced to beg. In 1670, Louis XIV decided to build a house and temple for them. The Cathedral of the Invalides (architect Aardouin-Mansart) is an example of architectural grace and symmetry. The facade is decorated with a double colonnade. A huge dome, entwined with golden garlands and flowers, is topped with a gilded lantern with a spire. Napoleon Bonaparte is buried in the crypt of the cathedral.
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PANTHEON In 1744, Louis XV, who was seriously ill, vowed to build a temple in honor of the patroness of Paris, Saint Genevieve. The consecration of the church took place in 1790. During the French Revolution, the church was turned into the Pantheon - the tomb of great people. The architecture of the building is an example of classicism. The vaults of the building support columns of the Corinthian order. There are no window openings in the walls. They are replaced by marouflé canvases glued to stone walls. The pictorial cycle created by Puvis de Chavannes and Laurent is dedicated to Saint Genevieve.
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In the 20th century, 4 sculptural groups were installed at the supports of the Pantheon dome (counterclockwise): “Jean-Jacques Rousseau” (Bartholomew, 1912), “In honor of the generals of the revolution” (Gasque, 1925), “Speakers and publicists of the Restoration era” (Markest , 1919), “Diderot and the Encyclopedists” (Treroir, 1925) and “National Convention” (Sicart, 1924)
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FOUCAULT PENDULUM Attached to the Pantheon's light dome is a working copy of Foucault's pendulum, with which physicist Leon Foucault showed in 1851 that the Earth rotates. Anyone can verify that this is actually the case.
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PALE ROYAL The palace was built in the 17th century by order of Cardinal Richelieu. After his death, the palace came into the possession of King Louis XIII. When Anna of Austria settled here, the palace began to be called Royal (Palais Royal). The architectural ensemble of the Palais Royal consists of the palace itself, which today houses the Council of State, and galleries that frame an internal garden on three sides, planned by Louis XIV himself.
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Place de la Concorde The place for the square was chosen by Louis XV, and the project was developed by J.-A. Gabriel. Construction of the square was completed in 1779. The square acquired its modern appearance in 1836, when the architect Hitorf installed the Luxor Obelisk in its center, a gift from the Egyptian Pasha Mahmet Ali.
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TUILERY In the 16th century, there was a landfill on the site of the garden, and the clay mined here was used to make tiles - “tuile” in French, hence the name Tuileries. By order of Catherine de Medici, a garden was laid out on this site, which became the first public place for outdoor walks.
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TRIUMPHAL ARCH ON CARUSEL SQUARE The Arc de Triomphe was erected at the beginning of the 19th century in honor of Napoleon's victories. It is decorated with bas-reliefs depicting the most famous episodes of the Napoleonic wars. The triumphal arch served as the ceremonial entrance to the emperor's residence - the Tuileries Palace. On the arch was installed an equestrian group, removed by order of Napoleon from the portal of St. Mark's Cathedral in Venice. In 1815, the sculpture was returned to Italy, and the arch was crowned with a bronze quadriga with a statue of Peace.
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LOUVRE The palace complex of the Louvre took shape over many centuries. At the end of the 12th century, King Philip Augustus built a castle that protected the approaches to the Ile de la Cité. The fortress was named Louvre (from leovar - fortification). In the 14th century, fortress walls were erected around the city and the castle lost its defensive function. Under Charles V it was rebuilt and turned into a royal residence. In the 16th century, a significant part of the building was demolished and a new palace was built on the vacant site, which was constantly expanded over time.
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Until recently, the museum's exposition occupied only the right wing of the palace, the Old Louvre and the Square Courtyard. In 1981, it was decided to create the Grand Louvre. The Ministry of Finance, which occupied the left wing of the palace, moved to another building, and the museum's area expanded significantly. The problem arose of creating a single central entrance. According to the design of the architect Yeo Ming Lei, a glass pyramid was built in the courtyard of the Louvre, connecting all departments of the museum with underground passages. It housed a hall, cash desks, a cloakroom, shops where you can buy catalogs, souvenirs, and books.
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LOUVRE MUSEUM The Louvre Museum opened in 1793. The exhibition was based on the collections of French kings. Currently, the Louvre Museum houses more than 25 thousand works of art. The museum is divided into 7 departments: Ancient East and Islamic art, Ancient Egypt, ancient Greek, Etruscan and Roman art, decorative and applied arts, European painting (1200-1850), European sculpture (1100-1850), graphics. The pearls of the Louvre collection are Mona Lisa, Venus de Milo and Nike of Samothrace. Venus de Milo
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CHURCH OF SAINT-ESTACH The Church of Saint-Eustache was built in the mid-18th century with money raised by merchants from a nearby market. It is one of the last Gothic churches in Paris. The originality of the temple lies in the combination of Gothic vaults with Renaissance forms of the facade and columns. Moliere, Cardinal Richelieu, and Madame Pompadour were baptized in this church. Here Berlioz and Liszt performed their works on the church organ. Among the artistic treasures of the church are paintings by Rubens and sculptures by Pigalle.
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PALACE OF JUSTICE In ancient times, a palace of Roman governors stood on this site, and in the 13th century, during the Capetian dynasty, a fortified castle was built, which served as the residence of the first French kings. At the end of the 14th century, the Louvre became the royal palace, and the Parisian parliament was located in the old residence. After the French Revolution, the building became known as the Palace of Justice. Now the highest court in France, the Court of Cassation, is located here.
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SAINT-CHAPELLE The ensemble of the Palace of Justice includes the chapel of Saint-Chapelle (Holy Chapel), built in the 13th century by order of Louis IX to store the relic - the crown of thorns of Jesus Christ. Sainte-Chapelle consists of two chapels, located one above the other. The lower one was intended for courtiers. The service for the royal family was held at the top. The chapel is crowned by a 75-meter spire. The openwork rose on the façade dates back to the 15th century. The lancet windows contain stained glass from the 13th century - 1,134 scenes of biblical subjects.
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FIELD OF MARS The Field of Mars was created at the end of the 18th century as a training ground for students of the Military School and was named after the God of War. The first horse races in Paris took place here (1780), the first experiments in aerostatics (1783), and the first attempt to ascend in a hot air balloon (1784). In 1889, the Champ de Mars was chosen as the site for the construction of the Eiffel Tower. At the beginning of the 20th century, a beautiful park was created here.
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EIFFEL TOWER The symbol of Paris and France, the famous Eiffel Tower was built according to the design of engineer Gustave Eiffel in 1889 as an exhibit of the World Industrial Exhibition. The 324-meter tower has 3 observation platforms: at an altitude of 57, 115 and 276 m. On days of excellent visibility, from the top observation deck the view can cover a space with a radius of up to 70 km.
A short report about Paris, the wonderful capital, the eternal city of love and romance, is presented in this article.
Message about Paris
The capital of the Republic of France is located in the Ile-de-France region, the northern part of the state. It lies on the left and right banks of the Seine. Administratively, Paris is divided into 20 districts. The first district is located in the center, further clockwise - the remaining districts diverge in spirals.
Population of Paris
The population of the capital is 2,196,936 people excluding the surrounding area. It is worth noting that Paris is a place where cultures meet. More than 350,000 foreign immigrants from Algeria, Morocco, China, and Portugal live here. As for religion, 80% of the city’s population are Christians, 15% are Muslims.
Transport in Paris
The fastest and most convenient public transport in the city is the metro. Its network consists of 16 lines, the first of which was launched back in 1900.
There are 2 international airports in Paris - Charles de Gaulle and Orly. There are 7 railway stations in the capital. From 4 of them high-speed trains such as TGV depart.
Climate of Paris
The climate of Paris is temperate, close to oceanic. The average winter temperature is +5 °C, and the summer temperature is +20 °C. The French capital receives about 645 mm of precipitation per year, most of which is in the form of rain, and a smaller percentage is wet winter snow. The driest season is spring, but in the summer there may be showers that quickly pass.
Relief and minerals of Paris
The relief of the capital is quite diverse: next to the flat areas (Marais quarter, Boulevard Saint-Germain), hills rise (Montmartre, Montparnasse districts). On the outskirts of Paris you can see the forests of Boulogne and Vincennes.
Limestone, gypsum and oil were previously mined in Paris. Today, mineral extraction is also carried out, although not as intensively.
Major rivers and lakes of Paris
In addition to the large Seine River, the Saint-Martel and Ourcq canals, Paris also has lakes, or rather, ponds. The largest of them are Gravel, Minimes, Domesnil, and Saint-Mandais.
Sights of Paris
Champs Elysees, Champs Elysees Palace, Eiffel Tower, Louvre, Arc de Triomphe, Notre Dame Cathedral, Sorbonne University, Grand Opera, Comédie Française, Versailles.
You can also visit Disneyland Paris, the Tuileries, the Orsay Museum, Place de la Concorde, and the Luxembourg Gardens.
We hope that the report on Paris, grade 3, helped you prepare for the lesson, and you learned a lot of interesting things. And you can leave your story about Paris using the comment form.
Republique française
Capital —
Square— 674,685 sq. km.
Population— 66.2 million people
Language- French
Form of government- presidential-parliamentary republic
Date of foundation- 843 (Treaty of Verdun), 1958 (Fifth Republic)
Largest cities — ,
Currency— euro
Timezone— +1, in summer +2
Telephone code — +33
At the official level, the name of the country sounds like French Republic. The capital of the country is the city. France is located in western Europe and, in addition to the main territory, includes the island of Corsica, located in the vast Mediterranean Sea, as well as overseas departments and dependent territories. The total area of the country is 674,685 thousand square kilometers. Administratively, France is divided into regions, of which there are about 30. Each region has its own budget and tax levels, but they are not autonomous. The population of France is represented by ethnic French (about 90%), as well as such national minorities as Catalans, Corsicans, Bretons, Jews and others. Religiously, France is multifaceted: the bulk of the population are Catholics, but there are also Muslims, Protestants, and Jews. French is the official language of the country. Along with the official language, there are also about ten varieties of regional languages.
France - video
In France, fairly dry and hot summers give way to cool and rainy winters. France can be called a mountainous country. The mountains here are represented by such large massifs as the Alps and the Pyrenees. There are a great many large and small rivers on the territory of the country. The largest of them are, naturally, the Seine, as well as the Rhone, Garonne and Loire.
France is one of the key participants in world political events. The centers of such large organizations of world importance as UNESCO, Interpol, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, and the International Bureau of Weights and Measures are located here. Along with this, the country is one of the major tourist centers in Europe and the whole world.
Sights of France
Of course, the first and most visited attraction, cultural value and symbol of the country is, which is located in the capital of France - Paris. The tower was built at the end of the 18th century according to the design of designer Gustav Eiffel on the Champs de Mars. The height of the tower is approximately 320 meters.
No less famous is Notre Dame de Paris Cathedral, located in the east of the Ile de la Cité. Here, the monumentality of the Norman Romanesque style is combined with Gothic lightness, which together creates the uniqueness of the architectural ensemble.
It is impossible not to mention the world famous art museum of France -. The museum is located in Paris on the Rue de Rivoli, on the right bank of the Seine. The Louvre is a former royal palace with a statue of King Louis XIV, marking the starting point of the "historical" axis of Paris. Among the exhibits stored in the museum there are such masterpieces of art as the Venus de Milo, Mona Lisa or Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci, paintings by Titian and Rembrandt and many others.
In one of the largest cities in France - located Capitol, which is at the same time the city hall and the city opera house with an orchestra, which is more than two hundred years old. The length of the Capitol façade is 130 meters.
Not far from Paris is the city of Versailles, which tourists will be interested in visiting Palace of Versailles- the ceremonial palace of the kings of France, built according to the design of the architect Louis le Vaux. In the 18th century, the palace was a role model for architects throughout Europe.
About 30 kilometers from Paris is located European Disneyland- a huge tourist complex that includes hotels, restaurants, cafes, entertainment attractions and much more. It is an exact copy of an American amusement park. The advantage of European Disneyland is that, in addition to , every visitor, without flying over the Atlantic Ocean, can get acquainted with “a true piece of America.”
How can we not mention the world famous Champs Elysees- according to residents - “the most beautiful street in the world.” The Champs-Élysées is known for its luxurious houses and expensive shops. It hosts annual military parades, running from the Arc de Triomphe to the Place de la Concorde. World film premieres are held in local cinemas.
1. Tourists in France should carefully monitor their personal belongings. The theft of bags from passers-by by motorcyclists passing by is quite common here. To avoid becoming a victim of pickpockets, you should not leave personal items on the front seats of cars, and be extremely careful at airports, train stations, public transport and supermarkets.
2. If you witness a traffic accident in which people were injured, then it is imperative to provide assistance to the victims. Otherwise, you face quite large fines and even imprisonment, since in France this is considered a violation of the law.
3. You must always carry with you documents that prove your identity (original or officially certified copy). Representatives of the law may ask you to present this document, and if it is not there, you will have to proceed to the nearest police station to find out your identity.
4. Transporting narcotic or other prohibited substances is a criminal offense in France. Therefore, be prepared for thorough police checks of your belongings at checkpoints at airports and railway stations.
5. You need to be especially careful when crossing the road, even at pedestrian crossings, since local drivers do not always slow down in front of them, contrary to the prevailing opinion about the good manners of French motorists.
6. In local hotels and hotels of different levels you will be offered multiple meals only if you book a room for three to four days. Be careful when paying for hotels with credit cards - there is fraud in the form of using your data for illegal purposes.
7. Tipping in France ranges from 12 to 15% of the total price and is usually included in the bill for hotel rooms or restaurant orders. If you wish, you can leave the change when paying to the waiter or concierge.
8. There are very few Russian-speaking people among the service staff, but in many restaurants you can be offered a menu in Russian.
9. Since the beginning of 2008, France has adopted a law banning smoking in all public places. A year earlier, such a ban was introduced on smoking in workplaces, educational institutions, and waiting rooms at train stations and airports. Smoking is allowed on open terraces, stadium stands and bus stops. Smoking is also permitted in hotel rooms unless the hotel is designated non-smoking.
10. Shops in France start working at 9 am and end at 18:30 - 19:00. Supermarkets are open until 21 - 22 hours. Banking hours: from 9 to 12 and from 14 to 17 hours. Museums open at 9-10 am and close at 4-5 pm. Temples are open from 8 am until late evening.
11. In order to find lost items, you need to contact the Objets trouves service - this is a French lost property office.
12. Oddly enough, in terms of price level it is not the most expensive in Europe. However, prices for hotel rooms or dinner in restaurants can vary dramatically depending on the area in which you are located.
France on the map
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The Eiffel Tower is the most recognizable architectural landmark of Paris, world-famous as a symbol of France, named after its designer Gustav Eiffel and a place of pilgrimage for tourists. The designer himself simply called it a 300-meter tower.
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The Pantheon is a building located in the Latin Quarter, which was originally built as a church dedicated to Saint Genevieve, but after numerous changes it became the burial place of famous people. This is one of the first buildings of the neoclassical movement with a facade modeled on that of the Pantheon in Rome, topped with a small dome.
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Currently, the Sorbonne is the name given to the historical University of Paris, which is located in the central region of Ile-de-France and is perhaps the most famous university in continental Europe. Today the Sorbonne is a powerful institution, consisting of 13 universities located throughout Paris, with their own specialization and faculties, and at the same time the authority of the Sorbonne as a whole.
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The Louvre in Paris is the most famous museum in the capital of France, the most popular museum in the world, and at the same time the third largest. The Louvre is located on the right bank of the Seine River in the 1st municipal district of Paris, where in the building of the Louvre Palace on an area of 60.6 thousand sq.m. About 35 thousand objects created during the period from the 6th millennium BC are exhibited. e. until the 19th century AD e.
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Aquaboulevard is located in the southwest of Paris and covers an area of 7,000 square meters. Construction of the water park began in 1986. It was planned to invest 280 million francs, but in fact, 450 million were spent on construction. Three years later, the complex was built, which became the largest water park in Europe.
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Disneyland Paris is a grand complex of amusement parks. Disneyland has two theme parks. The first is the classic Disneyland Park. The second is Walt Disney Studios Park - the “kitchen” of the film industry.
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The Catacombs of Paris are the famous Parisian underground ossuaries, burial places of skeletons. Organized in a renovated part of the city's extensive network of underground tunnels and artificial caves at the end of the 18th century, they became an attractive tourist destination. The official name of the catacombs is “Municipal Ossuaries”. 45-minute excursions are organized here, but you should take care of warm clothes - the temperature in the catacombs is 14 degrees above zero.
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The Champ de Mars is a famous park in the 7th arrondissement of Paris, wedged between the Eiffel Tower to the northwest and the Ecole Militaire to the southwest. Located in the western part of the city on the left bank of the Seine. This park received its name in honor of the ancient Roman Campus Martius.
A message about France for grades 3 and 4 will tell you about the amazing homeland of Napoleon, the Little Prince and the Three Musketeers.
Brief message about France
The report about France should begin with the fact that it is located in western Europe. It also includes the island of Corsica, located in the Mediterranean Sea. France is often called the Hexagon due to its hexagonal shape.
France borders Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg in the northeast, Italy and Monaco in the southeast, and Andorra and Spain in the southwest. The country is washed by the Mediterranean and North Seas, the Bay of Biscay and the English Channel and Pas de Calais.
France Square- 551 thousand km 2.
Largest rivers France- Seine, Loire, Rhone, Garonne and Rhine.
Capital of France— Paris
Big cities in France— Paris, Marseille, Lyon, Toulouse, Nice
Population of France— 66.7 million people (2016)
Form of government- presidential-parliamentary republic
The territory of France is mainly hilly, with extensive hills, lowlands and mid-altitude mountains. The exceptions are two high mountain ranges in the southeast in the form of the Alps and in the southwest in the form of the Pyrenees. The highest point in the country is Mont Blanc, its height is 4807 m.
The climate is completely dependent on the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. In the north the climate is milder, humid and maritime, while in the south the climate is warm and Mediterranean. The climate in the mountains is characterized by low temperatures. There is more rainfall here. Snow cover remains at high altitudes.
All over the world they know that French wines are the best in the world. France has also become famous for its fashionable clothing, perfumes and cosmetics. France is rightfully considered the fashion capital of the world.
Today, in all countries, people use planes, carriages and cars (Citroen, Peugeot and Renault) made in France.
Religion of France
Approximately 4/5 of the country's population professes Catholicism. About 12% of the population consider themselves atheists. 3% of the population profess Islam, 2% Protestantism, 1% Judaism.
Sights of France
In France, more than 5 thousand castles have been preserved from ancient times.
Notre Dame, Disneyland, the forest of Fontainebleau, the Sacré-Coeur Basilica, the flea market in Paris Saint-Ouen, the Rouen naval armada, the Eiffel Tower, Versailles Palace, the Louvre, the Pompidou Center, Notre Dame Cathedral are all tourists want to visit.
Famous Frenchmen glorified their country throughout the world - Honore de Balzac, Voltaire, Victor Hugo, Jules Verne, Emile Zola, Albert Camus, Stendhal, Jacques Cousteau, Pablo Picasso and others.
We hope the information provided about France has helped you. And you can leave your short story about France using the comment form.
