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The flora of Serbia is represented by such plant species as coniferous, mixed and deciduous forests. Also present are such tree species as maple, ash, chestnut, walnut, willow and poplar.
Typical representatives of the animal world of Serbia are roe deer, wild boars, bears, chamois and hares.
The avifauna is represented by kites, eagles, black and white storks, partridges, pheasants and other representatives.
The local rivers are home to catfish, carp, perch, carp and trout.
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The Republic of Serbia borders Macedonia in the south, Bulgaria and Romania in the east, Hungary in the north, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina in the west, and Montenegro and Albania in the southwest.
Serbia consists of two autonomous provinces: Vojvodina and Kosovo.
The territory of the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija is controlled by the partially recognized Republic of Kosovo. (See Kosovo)
On February 17, 2008, with the support of the United States and a number of other countries, the Albanian authorities formed in Kosovo unilaterally declared independence from Serbia, which was recognized by 69 UN member states. Russia, China, Serbia and others refused to recognize the sovereignty of Kosovo.
80% of the territory of Serbia is located on the Balkan Peninsula, 20% is occupied by the Pannonian Lowland.
The Republic of Serbia (Serbian: Republika Srbija) is landlocked.
Energy supplies to Southern Europe are carried out through Vojvodina, and only through Vojvodina is through navigation on the Danube and the Tisza-Danube Canal possible.
The north of Serbia is dominated by plains. The further you go to the south of the country, the larger the mountains become.
Near the town of Pancevo, on an area of 30 thousand hectares, lies Deliblat - the only sandy desert in Europe.
The ice lake on Fruska Gora appeared during the NATO bombing in 1999, when the pumps of an abandoned quarry stopped pumping water and it filled the quarry. The lake with cold green water is surrounded by cliffs, but since 2006 access to it has been prohibited due to frequent landslides.
Djerdap is a gorge cut by the Danube 100 km long, the height of the rocks in it is up to 800 m, the width of the Danube in this section is 147 m, the depth is 77 m.
In the Djerdap area there are remains of an old Roman road built by order of Emperor Trajan in the 2nd century.
According to legend, Emperor Trajan broke through the Djerdap Gorge and, in his pursuit of gold in the Pek River, dried up the ancient Pannonian Sea.
In the Djerdap area, the Danube divides neighboring Romania from Serbia. The narrowed (150 m) channel of the Danube is called Porţile de Fier (Iron Gate), which is associated with a huge hydroelectric power station built back in the 70s with the participation of the USSR, when the water level sharply rising behind the dam (by 18 meters!) flooded dozens of Danube villages in Yugoslavia and Romania.
The depth of the Danube in the area of the Iron Gates reaches 90 meters, making it the deepest river in Europe.
The width of the Danube in the Belgrade area reaches a kilometer.
Kopaonik is the longest mountain range in Serbia, 120 km long and 50 km wide. There are a large number of thermal springs (36 – 78 °C) in the Kopaonik mountains. The highest waterfall in Serbia, Jelovarnik (71 m), is located on the territory of the national park.
The Mlava River in eastern Serbia is famous for its dark green water.
Cicevac (10 km from Krusevac) is full of ponds, swamps and creeks. Čičevac is famous for the Great Whirlpool, which is connected to the Morava River by a network of underground canals. The locals call him Crazy and say he is bottomless.
The collection of bizarre earthen figures in the vicinity of Kuršumlija, which nature creates and destroys through erosion, is called the “city of the devil”. Javolya-Varosh (Devil's City) occupies 70 hectares.
Tara is a mountain in western Serbia, with flowering meadows and coniferous forests in which relict red spruce trees grow, i.e. Serbian spruce (Picea omorica), discovered by the biologist Pancic.
In Serbia, in the vicinity of Bor, there are about 1000 caves, a small number of caves have been explored. Lazareva Cave near the town of Bor is the longest in Serbia.
In the south-eastern part of Serbia there is also the deepest cave - Jama on Dubashnica, 276 meters deep below ground level.
The entrance to the famous Resava cave is located deep in Mount Belyanitsa, about 10 km west of Manasya. It was discovered only in 1962 because vegetation hid it from human sight. The cave has three levels and a total length of 2380 meters. At the lowest level there is an underground river.
In the sediments of two dozen caves in Serbia in the east of the Kosovo Basin, the fossilized remains of fifty-five species of mammals were discovered, including lions, hyenas, mammoths, bison, which migrated due to a sharp change in climate.
Ten species of centipedes and two species of zooplankton were discovered in Lazarev Cave. This cave is home to twenty-three of the twenty-seven species of bats represented on the European continent.
Djerdap Gorge (on the border with Romania) is the largest gorge in Europe, consists of four gorges and three basins. The most beautiful gorge is the Great Kazan, whose vertical sides rise up to 300 m above the Danube, and numerous pools descend to 90 m in depth.
The highest mountain in Vojvodina is Mount Vršac (641 m) in the southeast of Vojvodina.
The highest railway bridge in the Balkans is located in Kolasin, on the Belgrade – Bar line, the height of the overpass is 198 m.
The Koshava wind carries cold air masses from the Iron Gates of the Danube to the Panonian Plain at a speed of 60 km/h. The Serbs say that "Koshava" blows for three days; if it doesn’t stop, then a week; If it doesn’t subside even then, it will rage for two weeks.
There are 300 types of mineral waters known in Serbia, 260 of which are actively used in the treatment of a wide variety of diseases.
There are more than 1000 healing mineral springs in Serbia. The remains of Roman baths testify to the first resorts on the territory of Serbia.
Resorts in Serbia: the oldest sulphurous Banya Koviljaca, mineral Selters-banya on Mount Kosmaj, therapeutic mineral for diabetes Vrnjacka-banja, Soko-banja, Atomska Banja, Niska Banja, etc.
At the foot of Mount Gučevo (779 m above sea level), on the banks of the Drina River, there is a bathing resort Banya Koviljača, which is famous for its waters containing sulfur (19-28 degrees C.), iron (14-15 degrees C.) and radioactive waters (5, 9‑6, 8 IE). The mud from the Banya Koviljacha resort, containing sulfur, is kept for 2-3 years, and then used for therapeutic procedures.
This resort owes its name “Break Bath” to rare but powerful hurricanes that passed through these places and left behind only devastated land.
George Weifert in 1903 became the owner of the largest copper mine in Europe. The Museum of Mining and Metallurgy in Bor has more than 15,000 exhibits.
The new mineral, sodium lithium boron silicate hydroxide, is similar in composition to the fantastic mineral Kryptonite, which takes away Superman’s strength. Kryptonite was discovered in a mine in Serbia.
Kopački Rit represents the remains of the ancient Pannonian Sea. After it dried up and disappeared, there remained a swampy area where the Drava flows into the Danube, fourteen kilometers north of the city of Osijek. In spring, when the snow begins to melt and the water level in the rivers of the middle Danube region rises, an average of about 30,000 birds gather here. In late autumn, when the water subsides, huge masses of fish begin to move.
Fruska Gora is a former island of the Pannonian Sea, and now a National Park with an area of 500 sq.m. The highest peak is Krasny Chot (height 539 m above sea level).
Fruška Gora Park has one of the largest linden forests in Europe.
Zlatibor is a mountain range in the south of Belgrade, the height of the plateau is 1000 m above sea level, located 309 km from the Adriatic coast. The only species of coniferous trees in the world grows here, which have a special golden hue to the trunk.
On Zlatibor there are oak trees, which, according to scientists, cannot grow above six hundred meters above sea level.
Zlatibor is the only place in Serbia where the Mediterranean and Alpine climates mix. Zlatibor is sunny, like on the sea coast, and fresh, like in the Alpine mountains.
The areas around the cities of Presevo, Bujanovic, Vranje, and the Lustica Peninsula were contaminated with radiation in 1999, when NATO troops fired more than 50,000 depleted uranium shells at targets in Yugoslavia.
There are jackals on the Peljesac peninsula, the islands of Korcula and Mljet; Mljet is home to introduced mongooses.
In Obedska Baru, entire colonies are formed by all kinds of herons: gray heron, little white, red, yellow and night heron.
In the mountainous regions of Bosnia, Herzegovina, Montenegro and Serbia, about 60 species of snails survive.
On the eastern slopes along the Danube in the town of Strazhilovo, near Sremski Karlovci in the 3rd century AD. The Roman Emperor Probus planted the first vineyards.
In the Negotin Region, about 1000 hectares are occupied by vineyards. Varieties such as Bagrinja, Zacinak, Prokupac, Vranac and Smederevka grow here. Negotinska is extremely famous for its tamyanik variety.
Potatoes were first brought to Serbia by Dositej Obradovic in 1811.
Serbia is the world's largest exporter of raspberries. One third of all raspberries in the world are grown in Serbia. 95% of the best raspberries are harvested in Serbia.
The main part of the country is located on the Balkan Peninsula. The geography of Serbia is distinguished by mountainous landscapes. There are four mountain systems in the country. The northern part, meanwhile, is represented by plains.
The mountains of Serbia are quite high, fifteen of them have a height of two thousand meters. Jeravica reaches two thousand six hundred meters. The republic has a number of navigable rivers, such as the Sava, Tisa, Begey, and the Danube. The country built canals connecting the main waterways. Numerous lakes, even if they do not replace the seascape, are still a wonderful place to relax. Vlasinskoye and Radonichenskoye lakes have a very picturesque view. Serbia has large waterfalls originating in the mountains. Yelovarnik and Pil are more than sixty meters high. Geography of Serbia It is distinguished by its consistency and attracts with sharp transitions from plains to mountain ranges, from waterfalls to lakes.
Serbia time
It differs from Moscow by one hour. The country annually switches between winter and summer regimes. The clocks are changed for the first time on the last Sunday in March, and the second time on the last Sunday in October.
Climate of Serbia
The Balkan Peninsula is surrounded by three large seas. And, despite the fact that the country does not have access to them, the diversion arrays directly depend. The presence of mountain systems also plays an important role. The country has three climatic zones: continental, temperate continental and mountainous. The first covers the territory of the north of Serbia, the second - the south, and the third covers the mountainous regions.
Serbia exposed to winds, each of which has its own name. Rain falls most often in May or June. Summer in the country is invariably warm and good for relaxation. In winter, a lot of snow falls in the mountainous areas, which is very good for ski slopes and attracting travelers to the country. Tourism Serbia is developing and over time promises to reach a world level.
Serbia weather
The warmest month is July. The average temperature is thirty degrees plus. During snowy and cold winters, the thermometer drops to twenty degrees. Serbia weather pleases with fast springs and long warm autumns. Numerous tourists visit the country’s mountain trails in winter for active recreation.
Nature of Serbia
In the flat part of Serbia you can see steppes, and in the mountainous areas mixed forests. The foothills are overgrown with oak forests, and beeches and firs settled somewhat higher. In addition to these trees, you can find spruce, ash, maple, chestnut and much more. Plum orchards and vineyards are grown in agricultural areas. The nature of Serbia is rich not only in vegetation, but also in animals. This is largely due to geography region.
Forest inhabitants are traditionally deer, as well as roe deer. Wild boars and hares settled freely on the plain. White and black storks share the skies with birds of prey such as eagles and kites. The rivers are full of commercial fish. Cattle were introduced into the country, as were goats and sheep. Currently, the government of the country takes care of the conservation of wild animals by arranging protected areas for them.
Geography of SerbiaReliefSerbia
Serbia is located at the crossroads between Central and Southern Europe and lies on the Pannonian Plain of the Balkan Peninsula. The total area of the country is 88,361 square meters. km (including Kosovo), and the length of the borders is 2027 km (with Albania - 115 km; with Bosnia and Herzegovina - 302 km; with Bulgaria - 318 km; with Croatia - 241 km; with Hungary - 151 km; with Macedonia - 221 km ; with Montenegro - 203 km; with Romania - 476 km).
The Pannonian Lowland covers a third of the country and is located in the north of the state (mainly in Vojvodina and Macva), while the eastern tip of Serbia reaches the Wallachian Plain. The relief of the central part of the country, with the region of Šumadija, consists mainly of hills crossed by rivers. Mountains dominate the southern part of Serbia. The Dinaric Alps extend to the west and southwest, following the course of the Drina and Ibar rivers. The Carpathian Mountains and Balkan Mountains stretch in a north-south direction in eastern Serbia. The ancient mountains in the southeastern part of the country belong to the Rilo-Rhodope mountain range. The height ranges from the highest point - Midjur (2169 m) in the Balkan Mountains (the highest mountain in Serbia, excluding Kosovo) to the lowest point near the Danube River at Prahovo (17 m).
Climate of Serbia
Most of Central Serbia is characterized by a humid subtropical climate (CFA).
The climate of Serbia is influenced by the Eurasian continent, the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. With an average January temperature of around 0°C and an average July temperature of +22°C, the Serbian climate can be classified as humid subtropical. In the north, the climate is more continental, with cold winters and hot, humid summers, along with well-distributed rainfall throughout the year. In the south, summer and autumn are drier, and winter is relatively cold, with heavy snowfall in the mountains. Changes in altitude, proximity to the Adriatic Sea and large river basins, and exposure to winds explain the variation in climate. The Mediterranean Sea determines the climate of Southern Serbia. However, the Dinaric Alps and other mountain ranges help cool most of the warm air masses. Winter is quite harsh on the Peshter Plateau due to the surrounding mountains. One of the climatic features of Serbia is Koshava - a south-eastern, cold, squally wind that begins in the Carpathians and follows the Danube to Belgrade and can spread far to the south - all the way to Nis.
Riversand lakes of Serbia
Lake Djerdap is the 4th largest lake in the Balkans.
Almost all the rivers of Serbia flow into the Black Sea, through the Danube River - the second largest river in Europe, flowing through Serbia for 588 km (21% of its total length) and represents the largest source of fresh water. Its largest tributaries flow into it - the rivers Morava (the longest river in Serbia - 493 km), Sava and Tisza. The exception is the Pchinya River, which flows into the Aegean Sea.
Due to the terrain, natural lakes are rare and small; most of them are in Vojvodina: for example, the glacial lake Palic with an area of 6 sq. km is the largest natural lake in the country and numerous oxbow lakes along the rivers (Zasavica and Carska Bara). However, there are many artificial lakes formed mainly due to hydroelectric dams. The largest among them are: Djerdap on the Danube with an area of 163 sq. km on the Serbian side (total area with Romania - 253 sq. km), which is also the deepest lake (maximum depth 92 meters), Perucac on the Drina and Vlasina. The largest waterfall - Elovarnik (71 meters) is located on Mount Kopaonik.
The abundance of relatively unpolluted surface waters and numerous underground natural and mineral water sources of high quality provide opportunities for export and economic stimulation. However, extensive extraction and production of bottled water began relatively recently.
Protected natural areas
The total forest area in Serbia is 2,252,000 hectares (1,194,000 hectares or 53% are publicly owned and 1,058,387 hectares or 47% are privately owned) or 0.3 hectares per inhabitant. The most common trees are oak, beech, pine and spruce.
Serbia is a country with a rich ecosystem with species diversity - occupying only 1.9% of the entire European territory, Serbia is the habitat of 39% of European plants, 51% of European ichthyofauna, 40% of European reptiles and amphibians, 74% of European bird fauna, 67% of European mammal fauna.
The abundance of mountains and rivers makes Serbia an ideal habitat for a variety of animals, many of which are protected - including wolves, lynxes, bears, foxes and deer. Mount Tara in western Serbia is one of the last regions in Europe where bears still live completely freely. Serbia is also home to about 380 bird species. The Tsarska Bara Nature Reserve is home to more than 300 species of birds over an area of several square kilometers, and the Uvac Gorge is considered one of the last habitats of the griffon vulture in Europe.
There are 377 protected areas in Serbia, covering 4947 sq. km or 6.4% of the country's territory and include 5 national parks (Djerdap, Tara, Kopaonik, Fruska Gora and Mount Shar), 15 nature parks, 15 “outstanding landscapes” , 61 nature reserves and 281 natural monuments.
