Universal aircraft for local air lines (IL), which replaced the An-2. The first foreign-made aircraft that entered the domestic air routes. Other names: L-410, Let, Let L-410, Turbolet, Cheburashka.
Description
The development of the aircraft began in 1966. The first prototype aircraft, equipped with a Pratt-Whitney Canada RT6A-27 turbojet engine (2 x 715 hp), began to undergo flight tests on April 16, 1969. opened the Czechoslovak airline "Slov Air" from Bratislava, serving local airlines - by the beginning of 1974, she received 12 aircraft. A total of 31 aircraft were built. Five aircraft (serial No. 720103-06 and No. 720201) L-410A with RT 6A-27 engines, built by the end of 1972 under the designation L-410AC, were transferred to the USSR the following year. The planes received Soviet registration numbers from USSR-67251 to USSR-67255. The first of them was brought to the airfield of the State Research Institute of Civil Aviation by the Czech test pilot Frantisek Svinka. The people at the airport immediately called the handsome newcomer “Cheburashka.” In 1973, flight tests of the L-410M aircraft equipped with the Czech Walter M 601A theater began. L-410M became the second serial modification of the Turbolet. In total, by the end of 1978, 100 L-410M/MU aircraft were received for the USSR Ministry of Civil Aviation.
In 1979, production began of an improved modification L-410UVP, which became the main production model. This aircraft differed from previous versions by its elongated fuselage, increased dimensions of the wing and vertical tail, the use of spoilers and the installation of a Walter M 601 V turboprop engine (2 x 730 hp). This aircraft passed the certification program in the USSR and was accepted into operation by Aeroflot. A further development was the L-410UVP-E variant with more powerful M 601 E theater engines. The first flight of this aircraft took place on December 30, 1984. It is distinguished by improved takeoff and landing characteristics and reduced noise levels in the cabin. In March 1986 it was certified in the USSR. A modification of the L-420 has been developed with more powerful M601 F theater engines (2 x 778 hp), increased take-off weight (6.8 tons) and improved flight characteristics (flight tests of the aircraft began in November 1993).
Starting from 1969, 1104 L-410s of various modifications were built, 862 of them ended up in the Soviet Union. By the beginning of 1992, there were about 750 L-410 aircraft left in the USSR.
Modifications
L-410UVP Short-haul passenger aircraft, a modification of the L-410 aircraft, in which the takeoff and landing distance is reduced. The abbreviation "UVP" means "short take-off and landing". The first launch took place in 1976. Produced by the Czechoslovak company "Let". The aircraft is equipped with a conventional avionics complex of joint Soviet-Czechoslovak production. This aircraft differs from previous versions by an elongated fuselage, increased wing and vertical tail dimensions, the use of spoilers and a more powerful engine.
Specifications
| Modification | L-410 | L-410UVP |
|---|---|---|
| Wingspan, m | 19,48 | 19,98 |
| Aircraft length, m | 14,424 | 14,42 |
| Aircraft height, m | 5,83 | 5,83 |
| Wing area, m² | 35,18 | 34,86 |
| Empty aircraft weight, kg | 3800 | 4180 |
| Maximum take-off weight, kg | 5800 | 6600 |
| Internal fuel, l | 1300 | 1290-1690 (can be increased by 400 l by installing fuel tanks at the ends of the wing) |
| engine's type | 2× TVD Motorlet (Walter) M 601E | |
| Power, hp | 2 x 750 | |
| Diameter of five-blade propellers, m | 2,3 | |
| Maximum speed, km/h | 457 | 457 |
| Cruising speed, km/h | 380 | 380 |
| Practical range, km | 1380 | 680 |
| Range, km | 546 | |
| Practical ceiling, m | 6320 | 6460 |
| Crew, people | 2 | 2 |
| 17-19 passengers or 18 paratroopers or 6 stretchers and 6 seated wounded with an accompanying person or 1615 kg of cargo | 19 passengers or 1710 kg of cargo | |
Notes
Links
- Photos (English) - photographs of the aircraft.
- Description of L-410UVP // airwar.ru
- Description of L-410UVP // avia.ru
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.
– a short-haul aircraft for regional airlines, produced in the Czech Republic since 1969.
The Let L-410 Turbolet was developed in the mid-1960s, specifically for airlines with a length of 500-800 km, which needed a spacious, economical and unpretentious aircraft. In general, in terms of takeoff and landing capabilities, the aircraft was required to have characteristics similar to those of the AN-2.
The Let L-410 Turbolet made its first flight in April 1969.
The safety margin that the designers invested in the aircraft allowed the Let L-410 to take off and land on unprepared airfields and unpaved sites.
The Let L-410's cabin is spacious and equipped with large round windows and reasonable sound insulation. Passenger seats are arranged in a 2+1 configuration.
The liner is capable of carrying up to 19 passengers over a distance of 990 to 1,500 km.
Over the years of production, the aircraft was constantly modernized in accordance with the requirements of the time. Today the aircraft continues to be produced.
Let L-410 Turbolet interior diagram:
Specifications:
ICAO code: L410
Crew: 2 people
Length: 14.42 m
Wingspan: 19.48 m
Maximum capacity: 19 passengers
Maximum take-off weight: 6,400 kg
Cruising speed: 365 km/h
Range of flight: 1,500 km
The L 410 aircraft, manufactured in Czechoslovakia, is a small class passenger aircraft. It was developed back in 1966, and in 1969 the first test model took to the skies. Through many modifications and upgrades, the aircraft received excellent technical characteristics for its time. Let 410 began to quickly gain popularity and appeared on almost all continents.
The advantages of the L 410 then included: lightness and maneuverability, ability to land on the ground, comfort and increased load capacity.
general information
The model was in great demand in the Soviet Union, but with its collapse, and the collapse of the socialist camp as a whole, the L 410 was under threat of production closure. The situation was saved by the Ural Mining and Metallurgical Company, which bought half the shares of the manufacturer's plant and is investing in the modernization of the aircraft.
The most common version of the aircraft is L410UVP, which means "short runway". There are about 400 copies of this model in different countries around the world. The Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation plans to widely use the aircraft for domestic passenger transportation. Compared to the An-2, it had greater safety and comfort. Switching to a Czech model was very prestigious.
Having considered the modification of the L-410UVP, we note that it is possible to land on short runways, not only with asphalt, but also with unpaved surfaces. The aircraft was quite well operated on the African continent, under conditions of landing on unpaved roads or fields. The landing gear is not as strong as that of the Soviet AN-2, but, with its two engines, it is safely operated on any terrain where single-engine aircraft crash.
Also, L 410 was widely used as a simulator for cadets of military transport aviation schools of the USSR. In particular, this applies to the Balashov Higher Military Aviation School of Pilots, abbreviated BVVAUL, located in the Saratov region. It was on this machine that the cadets made their first flights.
Aircraft characteristics
The L 410 has a tricycle landing gear with a nose strut. The full assembly cycle is carried out by a Czech company. More precisely, here is the production line for all stages of aircraft construction.
The production version of the L 410 is equipped with 2 GE H80-200 turboprop engines.
The maximum flight range is about 1500 km, and the duration is no more than 5 hours. The capacity of the liner is 19 people, not counting two crew members.
- Length – 14.42 meters;
- Wingspan – 20 meters;
- Aircraft height – 5.83 meters;
- Weight without load - 4 tons;
- Maximum speed – 335 km/h;
- Tank capacity - 1680 liters;
- The cabin width is 1.9 meters.
Fuel consumption
Another major advantage is the aircraft's fuel consumption, which is only 250 to 280 liters per hour.
Security Let 410
The L-410 cannot boast of reliability - out of 1,100 aircraft, almost 10% crashed, killing more than 400 people. However, this is due to the fact that over almost half a century of its existence the aircraft was operated in the most merciless manner. If we talk about the modern model, it is safer due to the latest technical solutions (autopilot, navigation system, collision avoidance system). The engines are also heavily modified.
L410 crash in Khabarovsk region
On November 15, 2017, an L410 plane with 5 passengers and 2 crew members crashed in the Khabarovsk Territory. As a result of the crash of the liner, 6 people died; only a child of about 4 years old managed to escape. An investigation has been organized, in which two versions of what happened are currently being worked out - equipment failure and pilot error. The weather conditions were favorable. So far, the investigation is leaning toward equipment failure, since the crew fought for the plane to the end. A representative of the manufacturer also joined the inspection.
Cost of the L 410 aircraft
The cost of Let 410 in the latest modification reaches 2.4 million euros per unit. However, private advertisements for the sale of this aircraft are often found. The price tag on the secondary market for aircraft reaches about $1 million per copy, depending on age, flight hours and condition.
TASS DOSSIER. On November 15, 2017, the passenger plane Let L-410UVP-E20 Turbolet of Khabarovsk Airlines, flying along the route Khabarovsk - Nikolaevsk-on-Amur - the village of Nelkan (Ayano-Maisky district of the Khabarovsk Territory), made a hard landing 2 km from its destination. Six people were killed, including two crew members. One child was saved.
The editors of TASS-DOSSIER have compiled a chronology of crashes of L-410 aircraft in Russia. In total, from the end of 1991 to the present day. V. There were five crashes of aircraft of this type on the territory of the Russian Federation (excluding the emergency on November 15, 2017). A total of 41 people died in them.
April 4, 1992 aircraft L-410UVP (registration number RA-67130) of Kamchatavia Airlines, flying from Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky to Baykovo (Sakhalin region), crashed near the destination airport. There were 12 people on board - two pilots and 10 passengers. The crew violated the approach pattern, the plane collided with the ground 5 km from the runway. A detached propeller severed the fuselage behind the cockpit, killing one of the passengers and injuring two others. The power elements of the aircraft were significantly damaged.
August 26, 1993 in Yakutia, the aircraft L-410UVP-E (registration number RA-67656) of Sakha-Avia airlines, flying along the route Kutana - Chagda - Aldan, crashed while landing at the last point of the route. There were 24 people on board - two pilots and 22 passengers, all of whom died. The commission that investigated the crash found that the aircraft was heavily overloaded. Its landing weight exceeded the maximum allowable by 550 kg, this changed the balance of the aircraft when the crew began to lower the flaps, causing the aircraft to stall and collide with the ground. The pilots who decided to carry out the flight despite significant excess takeoff and landing masses, as well as with the aircraft’s rear alignment being too high, were found guilty of the emergency.
January 20, 1995 aircraft L-410UVP (registration number RA-67120) of the Abakan airline, flying flight 107 on the route Krasnoyarsk - Abakan, crashed during takeoff at Krasnoyarsk Yelizovo airport. The plane was unable to gain altitude, collided with trees and crashed 930 m from the runway. There were 19 people on board - two pilots and 17 passengers. Both crew members and one passenger were killed, 13 people were injured. The cause of the accident was the overload of the aircraft, the failure of the right engine and the erroneous actions of the crew during takeoff with one engine running. The maximum permissible take-off weight of the aircraft was exceeded by 278 kg due to the fact that Yemelyanovo airport staff and crew accommodated four passengers with luggage in the cabin who did not have tickets for the flight.
March 1, 2003 a private aircraft L-410UVP (registration numbers RA-67418, FLA RF-01032), performing flights to parachute athletes, crashed near the Borki sports airfield in the Kimry district of the Tver region. There were two crew members and 23 parachutists on board (despite the fact that the maximum allowable number of parachutists in this cabin configuration is 12). The permissible take-off weight was exceeded by 618 kg. When during the flight the parachutists headed for the exit at the rear of the aircraft, the alignment was disrupted, the aircraft went into stall mode and, due to undesigned overloads, fell apart in the air. 11 people died - both crew members and nine athletes. 14 people were able to leave the plane and land on their own using parachutes, while four suffered fractures.
July 22, 2012 aircraft L-410UVP (registration number RF-00138) DOSAAF Russia crashed at the Bolshoye Gryzlovo sports airfield (Serpukhov district, Moscow region). The aircraft was landing on a dirt runway after a group of paratroopers had landed. The aircraft's front and left landing gear broke, resulting in significant damage to the cockpit and lower fuselage. There were only two crew members on board, both were hospitalized in serious condition. The aircraft commander died from his injuries on July 24, 2012, the co-pilot died in the hospital a month and a half later, on September 6, 2012.
Let's L-410
Let L-410 Turbolet is a multi-role twin-engine turboprop aircraft for local airlines. Developed in the 1960s. in the design bureau of the Let Kunovice plant (Kunovice, Czechoslovakia, now the Czech Republic). It made its first flight on April 16, 1969, is now produced by the Czech company Aircraft Industries (owner - the Russian Ural Mining and Metallurgical Company), in total more than 1.1 thousand copies of various modifications were built, of which 862 were delivered to the USSR. The most modern modification, L-410UVP-E20, is capable of transporting up to 19 passengers or 1 thousand 800 kg of cargo over a distance of up to 1 thousand 500 km. In 2016, Aircraft Industries sold nine L-410 units in the Russian Federation, and 11 more units were planned for delivery in 2017. The option of deploying serial production of the aircraft at the Ural Civil Aviation Plant (Ekaterinburg) is being explored.
In total, at least 117 such vehicles were lost during operation, and more than 420 people died in 106 accidents.
"Khabarovsk Airlines"
"Khabarovsk Airlines" is a regional state unitary enterprise engaged in transportation in the Khabarovsk Territory. Operates the following aircraft: An-24 (2 aircraft), one Yak-40 and An-26 each, as well as four L-410UVP-E20 2013-2015. release (registration numbers - RA-67035, RA-67036, RA-67040, RA-67047). For the airline, the disaster on November 15 was the first in its history.
Let's L-410 Turbolet – twin-engine turboprop aircraft for local airlines. Produced by the Czech company LET since 1971.
Story
Within the framework of CMEA - the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, which existed from 1949 to 1991, Czechoslovakia, as one of the founders of the organization, had the prerogative of creating small aircraft and air taxis. Having serious industrial potential, it produced several types of small aircraft and supplied them to dozens of countries both inside and outside the socialist camp (including the USA). But, by the mid-1960s, the decision was made to create a small regional aircraft, much larger in comparison with the rest of the line.
Development of the aircraft began in 1966. The first prototype aircraft, equipped with the Pratt & Whitney RT6A-27 turboprop engine (2 x 715 hp), began flight testing in 1969. Regular operation of L-410A aircraft at the end of 1971 was first opened by the Czechoslovak airline Slov Air from Bratislava, serving local airlines - by the beginning of 1974 it received 12 aircraft. A total of 31 aircraft were built. Five L410A aircraft with RT 6A-27 engines, built by the end of 1972 under the designation L-410AC, were transferred to the USSR the following year.
In 1973, flight tests of the L410M aircraft, equipped with Czech Walter M 601A theater engines, began. L-410M became the second serial modification of the Turbolet. In total, by the end of 1978, 100 L-410 aircraft of the M/MU version were received for the USSR Ministry of Civil Aviation.
The LET L-410 Turbolet is the workhorse of regional aviation. Skyships channel video
In 1979, production of an improved modification L-410UVP began, which became the main production model. The fuselage, wing and empennage were modernized, and improved Walter M 601 B engines (2 x 730 hp) were installed. This aircraft passed the certification program in the USSR and was put into operation.
A further development was the L-410UVP-E variant with more powerful M 601 E turboprop engines. It has improved takeoff and landing characteristics and reduced noise levels in the cabin. In March 1986 it was certified in the USSR.
Exploitation
From the start of operation in 1971 until 2009, about 1,130 L-410s were produced, most of which went to the USSR. In Russia in 1992, there were 750 aircraft of this type on the wing. As of 2006, more than 300 L-410 aircraft remain in operation around the world.
Used in civilian and military flight schools for preliminary training of future long-range aviation and military transport aviation pilots.
With the collapse of the CMEA and the USSR, the production volume of L-410 dropped significantly, however, the aircraft continue to be produced. At the moment, Let is owned by the Russian UMMC (OJSC Ural Mining and Metallurgical Company).
