Researchers of ancient legends and myths mention one mysterious world called Hyperborea. There is also information that this country was sometimes called Arctida. Many have tried to find its possible location, but so far its existence has not been proven and has not been confirmed by anything other than myths. What is Hyperborea? This is a hypothetical ancient continent or a huge island that previously existed in the northern part of the planet near the North Pole. At that time, Hyperborea was inhabited by a very powerful people - the Hyperboreans, who had a fairly developed civilization. Considering what Hyperborea is, it should be noted that its name means "behind the north wind Boreas". Some researchers believe that this is the notorious Atlantis.

Cards

There is still no evidence that Hyperborea ever existed. we can only learn from ancient Greek legends and images of this land area in old engravings, for example, on the Mercator map, which was published by his son back in 1595. On it in the center is the image of this legendary continent, and around the coast of the Arctic Ocean with modern easily recognizable rivers and islands.

It should be noted that this map gave rise to many questions from researchers who also wanted to understand what Hyperborea is. According to the descriptions of many ancient Greek chroniclers, a favorable climate prevailed on this continent, and from the sea or a large lake, which was located in the center of Hyperborea, 4 large rivers flowed and fell into the ocean, which is why on the map this mysterious place looks like a round shield with a cross ...

What else can you say about this place? The ancient Greeks believed that the inhabitants of this continent (island) were especially loved by the god Apollo. His servants and priests lived on the territory of Hyperborea. Ancient legends say that the god Apollo came to this territory once every 19 years.

According to some astronomical data, one can understand the essence of the appearance of this Hyperborean deity. The fact is that the lunar nodes in orbit return to their starting point exactly 18.5 years later. But any celestial body in ancient times was something divine, for example, the Moon in Ancient Greece was Selene. To the names of various Greek gods, including Apollo, as well as to famous heroes, for example, Hercules, a generalized epithet was added - Hyperborean.

Inhabitants of Hyperborea

There are many different books on Hyperborea. From them you can learn that the inhabitants of this country were Hyperboreans. They belonged to those peoples who were close to the gods. The inhabitants of this mysterious place enjoyed joyful work with dances, songs, prayers, feasts, as well as everyone's endless fun. It was believed that the death of the Hyperborean occurred only because of satiety with life and from fatigue. At the same time, the rite of interrupting life was quite simple - when the Hyperboreans got tired of their life, they threw themselves into the sea.

The wise inhabitants of this place possessed multiple knowledge and secrets of Hyperborea. Natives of these lands (the sages Arsitei and Abaris) were considered both the hypostasis and the servants of Apollo. They taught the Greek people to compose hymns and poems, and also for the first time revealed to them the secrets of the universe, philosophy and music.

The capital of Hyperborea was the city of Pola.

Homeland of the ancient Slavs

Dozens of scientists and writers have tried to localize this mysterious continent. As mentioned earlier, there is no confirmation of the existence of Hyperborea, but there is a theory that it was from these lands that the Slavic peoples came. That is why Hyperborea is considered to be the homeland of the entire Russian people. The polar northern continent once connected the lands of the New World and Eurasia. Various authors and researchers find remnants of an ancient civilization in the following locations:

• Kola Peninsula.
• Greenland.
• Ural mountains.
• Karelia.
• Taimyr Peninsula.

Reality or myth

There are many people who do not delve into history, but are interested in the question of whether ancient Hyperborea ever existed? The first mentions of this country appeared in ancient sources. The Hyperboreans have been described by various writers and historians, from Hesiod to Nostradamus:

1. Pliny Sr. spoke of the Hyperboreans as inhabitants of the Arctic Circle, in which the sun shone for six months.
2. The poet Alkey in his hymn to Apollo spoke of the closeness of the sun god with this people, which was also confirmed by the famous historian
3. Aristotle united the Scythian-Rus and the Hyperborean peoples.
4. Hecateus Abdera, who lived in Egypt, told the legend about a small island in the ocean opposite the country of the Celts.
5. In addition to the Romans and Greeks, the mystical lands and their inhabitants were mentioned by Indian peoples, Chinese, Persians. There is information about them in the Germanic epics.

What Scientists Say

The riddles of Hyperborea could not be ignored by modern scholarly historians. They both put forward and continue to put forward their versions about the inhabitants of the secret place and their culture, comparing the facts and drawing certain conclusions. According to some historians, Arctida is the foremother of the entire world culture, since in the past these lands were a very favorable place for prosperity and human life. Previously, a favorable subtropical climate reigned there, which attracted the advanced people of that time. Therefore, the Hyperboreans often contacted the Romans and Greeks.

Where did the mysterious Hyperborea disappear?

Surely you are wondering where did Hyperborea, the cradle of humanity, go? The history of this continent or island has more than one millennium. Based on ancient writings, we can conclude that the way of life of this people was democratic and simple. All people here lived as one family, settled near water bodies, and their main activity in the form of craft, art and creativity contributed to the disclosure of the spiritual qualities of a person. Currently, only the northern part of modern Russia is considered the remains of that ancient Hyperborea, which was once inhabited by the people. But why did she disappear? Where did you go? Scientists suggest that the reasons why Hyperborea, the cradle of humanity, ceased to exist, are as follows:

1. Changing of the climate. Most likely, the peoples who inhabited this continent, due to changing climatic conditions, began to migrate south. Even Lomonosov wrote that for a very long time in Siberia and to the north of it it was so warm that even elephants could feel comfortable there. This is confirmed by the fossilized remains of palms and magnolias found in Greenland. The climate could change due to the displacement of the earth's axis. Ice ages also contributed to this. Glaciation set in so quickly that mammoths froze to death.
2. War of Hyperborea and Atlantis. This version is not supported by any facts or documents. Scientists have only Plato's notes. He argued that the disappeared civilization ceased to exist as a result of the destructive war that was waged between Hyperborea and Atlantis.

Since the existence of this ancient civilization has not yet been scientifically proven, it is possible to talk about it only in theory, drawing information from various ancient sources. There are many different legends about Antarctica. Let's consider the most popular ones:

1. As mentioned earlier, Apollo himself made his trip to Hyperborea every 19 years.
2. Another myth connects the territory of Hyperborea with modern northern peoples. Even some of the modern studies prove that Hyperborea once existed in the north of the Eurasian continent, and the Slavs came from it.
3. The war of Hyperborea and Atlantis was fought with the use of nuclear weapons. Perhaps this legend can be called the most incredible.

Historical facts

Historians have concluded that an ancient civilization existed about 20,000 years ago. It was then that huge ridges (Lomonosov and Mendeleev) towered above the surface of the Arctic Ocean. In those days, there was no ice, and the water in the sea was very warm, as modern paleontologists say. Confirmation of the existence of this disappeared continent is possible only empirically. This suggests that one should look for traces of the Hyperboreans, various artifacts, ancient maps, monuments. Incredibly, such evidence is currently available.

In 1922, a Russian expedition led by Alexander Barchenko on the Kola Peninsula found skillfully cut stones that were oriented to the cardinal points. At the same time, a blocked hole was found. These findings belonged to a more ancient period than the Egyptian civilization.

More about the expedition

Purposeful searches for this place have never been carried out, but at the beginning of the 20th century, a scientific expedition set off to the area of ​​Lovozero and Seydozero (now they are in the Murmansk region). Its leader was the travelers Barchenko and Kondiain. During their research work, they were engaged in geographical, ethnographic and psychophysical study of the area.

Once the expedition accidentally stumbled upon an unusual hole that went underground. However, they failed to penetrate it for a rather strange reason: everyone who tried to get there was seized by a wild inexplicable horror. Still, the researchers managed to photograph a strange passage into the very depths of the earth.

When the expedition returned to Moscow, she submitted a report on the journey, but the data was immediately classified. The most interesting thing about this story is that in the most hungry years for our country, the government quickly approved the financing and preparation of this expedition. Most likely, great importance was attached to it.

The head of the expedition, Barchenko, was repressed after his return and then shot. The materials he provided were kept secret for a long time.

However, in the early nineties, Doctor of Philosophy Demin managed to learn about the expedition. When he got acquainted with the results of the trip, studied in detail the traditions and legends of the peoples, he decided to independently go in search of Hyperborea.

In 1997-1999, a scientific expedition was again organized to search for the legendary territory on the Kola Peninsula. The researchers were given the only task, which was to find traces of this ancient cradle of humanity.

What we managed to find

For 2 years, this expedition discovered a large number of traces of an ancient civilization on the territory of the Kola Peninsula. Here travelers found ancient petroglyphs depicting the sun. Similar symbolism was also found among the ancient Chinese and heptane.

In addition, artificially created labyrinths aroused great interest among researchers. It is from here that they took their spread throughout the world. Modern scientists were able to prove that these stone labyrinths are a coded projection of the passage of a heavenly body across the polar sky.

The expedition managed to find several rock carvings in the form of a trident and a lotus. In addition, special interest arose in the image of a man who, according to legend, was walled up in the rock of Karnasurta.

Of course, these findings cannot be considered direct evidence of the existence of a highly developed civilization. However, quite often it happens that the most daring hypotheses, which venerable scientists smashed to smithereens, were later fully confirmed.

What is now in place of Hyperborea

Until now, there is no specific data regarding the location of the island or the mainland of Hyperborea. If we turn to modern scientific data, then there are no islands near the North Pole, but there is an underwater Lomonosov ridge, which was named after its discoverer. The Mendeleev Ridge is located next to it. They both sank underwater relatively recently.

That is why it can be assumed that a thousand years ago this ridge was inhabited, and its inhabitants could have moved to the neighboring continent in the regions of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, to Taimyr or to the Kola Peninsula.

Books about Hyperborea

If you want to delve into the study of this ancient culture, then you can read books written by foreign and Russian authors:

• “Babylonian phenomenon. Russian language from time immemorial ", author N.N. Oreshkin.
• "Found Paradise at the North Pole" by W.F. Warren.
• “Hyperborea. Foremother of Russian culture ", author V.N. Demin, and other publications.
• “In Search of Hyperborea”, authors V.V. Golubev and V.V. Tokarev.
• “Hyperborea. Historical roots of the Russian people ", author V.N. Demin.
• "Arctic homeland in the Vedas", by B.L. Tilak.

Conclusion

Currently, Hyperborea is one of the most mysterious and mythical places, the mystery of which worries mankind. Perhaps the stories about the mainland are fiction, but many believe in its real existence.

Many, including the Bolsheviks and Nazis, sought to find the legendary proto-civilization of the Hyperboreans. Gorod 812 journalists found the capital of Hyperborea in the polar Kovdor, a dead-end Russian monocity in the Lapland tundra, 17 km from the Finnish border.

Traces of ancient culture are found everywhere there - artifacts, literally, lie underfoot. For many years, no one but crazy enthusiasts paid attention to them. Recently Kovdor officially declared himself the capital of Hyperborea. Why did the authorities believe in the legend, and why does the oligarch Melnichenko need it? - learned "City 812".

What happens if you dig for 60 years without stopping

Kovdor is located on the Kola Peninsula, it is the only place on the planet where baddeleyite (zirconium ore) is mined. But this is not what the city will become famous (not yet famous, but already ready): in Kovdor and the surrounding area, unique monuments belonging to the (presumably) disappeared Hyperborean civilization have been found. Journalists of "City 812" devoted their vacation to the study of the legend of the wonderland, and what benefits can be derived from the ancient runes.

Until now, the main thing here was (and remains) the Kovdor mining and processing plant (GOK). The city of Kovdor is located near the combine, built in the 1950s on the "place of power" of the Hyperboreans. The images from space show: the area of ​​the GOK is larger than the area of ​​the city.

Kovdor on the map: quarry and city

The central point of Kovdor is a gigantic quarry with a diameter of 2.5 km and a depth of almost half a kilometer (!), In which iron ore is mined. Previously, there was a hill at this place.

For more than 60 years, they have been digging here without stopping: excavators and trucks crawling along the walls of the crater around the clock, as high as a three-story building, transporting ore. The journey from the surface of the earth to the bottom of the crater takes about an hour on a rotational shift (a car for delivering workers).

The GOK works seven days a week - continuous production.

We were given protective clothing (a complete set - from sandals to gloves) and allowed to walk around the edge of the quarry. You look down - as if from the tower of the Lakhta Center. The depth of the quarry and the height of the St. Petersburg skyscraper are the same.

Twice a week - on Wednesdays and Saturdays - rock is blown up at the GOK. Stone dust hangs in the air, the locals are already used to it and do not notice it. Sprinklers are driving around the territory of the GOK, irrigating sand and gravel roads.

The enterprise produces iron ore, apatite and baddeleyite concentrate. The plant has a license to dig for another hundred years - to a depth of two kilometers.

Artifacts underfoot

Kovdor stands on the lands of the ancient Sami. Many Kovdorites call themselves Sami and believe that they are the heirs of the Hyperboreans.

According to legend, Hyperborea (aka Arctida) founded a highly developed proto-civilization tens of thousands of years ago, which then mysteriously disappeared. Where exactly she was and whether she really was, have not yet been found out. In favor of the Arctic, the names are indicated - Arctida, as well as Hyperborea, which translates from ancient Greek - "the country lying behind the north wind."

Artist Vsevolod Ivanov draws Hyperborea. From this picture, it is clear that it was ruined by a global cold snap.

Traces of the Hyperborean civilization are found in large numbers by the inhabitants of the Kola Peninsula. Artifacts are lying under your feet! We were able to see only a small part of them. The main obstacle for researchers is nature, which hides ancient monuments in hard-to-reach places.

The main Kovdor artifact, fortunately, is located in a very accessible place. This is a runestone lying a hundred meters from the entrance of the GOK. Now it is hidden in a thicket of grass, overgrown with moss. According to Natalia Ilyina, the artifact was discovered by local historian Valentina Popova back in 1997. She made out on it runic symbols, going through the body of the snake. By the way, Kovdor is translated from Sami as "snake".

The most accessible artifact is the rune stone

Later, local researchers identified the runes on the stone as ancient Aryan. (According to the popular version, the Aryans were descendants of the Hyperboreans). The symbols are added to a topographic map. The Runes of Fire and Stone are located on the site of an ancient volcano (now there is the Zhelezny mine). Rune of Water - on the site of the city lake.

The stone is not guarded, and has not been seriously investigated by anyone. Although they made tracing paper from the runes to show to scientists.

Tracing paper from stone runes

One of the latest Kovdor discoveries is the megalithic complex on the banks of the Tolva River. There were found rectangular slabs laid in the form of stairs, and clusters of the same slabs, reminiscent of the foundations of buildings. This is the capital of Hypereborea, the locals are sure.

We are waiting for the Chinese

Local residents call Kovdor a dead end - because only one road leads to it from the "mainland", which ends here. Few people travel to Kovdor - only business trips to the GOK and occasional tourists.

The population of Kovdor is about 16 thousand people, over the past 30 years it has decreased by half. The whole life of the townspeople revolves around the GOK: for them it is both an employer, and a master and a benefactor. The plant gives money for social services, culture, improvement and, in fact, manages life in Kovdor.

- It is impossible today to divide what the plant is doing and what the city is doing. But the city needs to get away from dependence on the plant, - local residents explain.

Together with the government of the Murmansk region and the administration of the Kovdor district at the GOK, they created a concept for the development of the territory, calling it straightforwardly - “Kovdor - the capital of Hyperborea”.

The main task is to attract tourists and create a tourist infrastructure in the region. Large-scale plans: hiking in the footsteps of the Hyperboreans, construction of hostels, chums, tourist centers. Establishment of deer and trout farms. Fishing for pearls on the Yena River (supplied to the imperial court of the Romanovs). Alluvium of gold. Collecting mushrooms, cloudberries and everything useful that has grown. Viewing the Northern Lights. Industrial excursions to the GOK and to the abandoned mines "Kovdorslyuda".

The concept is focused mainly on Russian tourists. Although they also hope for foreigners. “We are waiting for the Chinese,” the locals admit. “And, of course, the Finns.” Kovdor is located 17 km from the border with Finland. The city could heal richly if a border crossing opened nearby. Construction of the Kovdor - Savukovski checkpoint, as well as the road to the state border, are the main points of the Kovdor - the capital of Hyperborea project. The solution to this issue is being dealt with by the government of the Murmansk region and the EuroChem MCC of the oligarch Andrey Melnichenko, who owns the Kovdorsky GOK.

Pseudoscientific Stonehenge

Searches for Hyperborea on the Kola Peninsula have been going on since the beginning of the 20th century. We have already found a lot of things, but the controversy does not stop.

The first expedition led by Baron Eduard Tol, which went to the Arctic in search of the ancestral home of mankind, disappeared without a trace in 1902.

In the early 1920s, a special department of the OGPU under the direction of Gleb Bokiy equipped an expedition to the area of ​​Lovozero and Seydozero (these are lakes located 200 km east of modern Kovdor), which was entrusted to lead by Alexander Barchenko, an employee of the Institute. Ankylosing spondylitis.

Expedition of Barchenko. 1922 year

Barchenko found many surprising things - plots of tundra paved with granite blocks, entrances to underground caves, pyramids, stone seids, rock carvings. The megalithic complexes described by him resemble Stonehenge. But the main thing for which Barchenko was driving was the study of unusual mental states that arose in people near the discovered artifacts. In the 1930s, the members of the expedition were shot.

A.B. Barchenko (1881 -1938). Snapshot from the investigation file, 1937.

In the 1940s, the Nazis tried to find Aryan civilization in the north when they broke into the Arctic during the Second World War.

In the late 1990s, under the leadership of Doctor of Philosophy Valery Demin, several expeditions "in the footsteps of Barchenko" took place. Demin assures that he has confirmed his discoveries. Plus discovered at the bottom of the Seydozero images of geometric figures and a stone observatory on Mount Ninchurt.

There is no scientific explanation for these findings. In academic circles, the existence of Hyperborea is considered "pseudoscientific".

We wanted to see with our own eyes mysterious artifacts that academics don't believe in. The indigenous people, however, say that not everyone can see the heritage of their ancestors.

"If the lake opens up for you"

We were looking for a guide to travel to Seydozero (the Saami have this sacred lake). The locals, in response to requests to take them there, said. "If the lake opens up for you ... Try to be silent there more ... Try to hear it."

But not all guides turned out to be so reverent - we crossed about 30 km on a boat along another lake - Lovozero, then walked several kilometers on foot to Seydozero. By the time the bloodthirsty mosquitoes had almost gnawed through the jackets, a mirror-like surface had peeped out of the tangled branches.

Stationary water. Colored stones at the bottom. And blue (this is a color, not a metaphor) mountains in the distance. The sacred lake of the Sami, and possibly the Hyperboreans.

As advised, we became quiet and listened. The lake said nothing, but gave him 10 rubles, two fishing hooks with spoons and a tiny lilac amethyst. All this wealth lay underfoot on the shore. We were able to see a 70-meter image of the giant Kuiva on the Kuivchorr rock.

Seidozero

We were not alone on the lake. Four Chinese men in identical poisonous green windbreakers wandered in silence nearby. Their translator said they were bloggers from Hong Kong. If they like it, crowds of Chinese tourists will be drawn to Seydozero.

But maybe they won't - the Hong Kong bloggers covered their faces with their hands and looked emaciated. According to the translator, they are in shock from mosquitoes. In Hong Kong, insect bites can be fatal as mosquitoes carry tropical diseases. Locals convinced bloggers that northern mosquitoes are completely harmless. But the Chinese did not believe - and did not speak, fearing that some insect would fly into their mouths.

In addition to mosquitoes, many snakes, bears and deer also live on the Hyperborean land. We did not meet anyone larger than a mosquito, although we did come across heaps from bear activity. They ate reindeer - smoked and dried. It's a shame, but delicious.

Our guide to the artifacts of Hyperborea is skeptical - although not entirely rejecting. Because Hyperborea is important for the development of tourism.

On Mount Karnasurta, 6 km from the city of Revda, near Seydozero, ruins were discovered - enthusiasts believe that these are the remains of a Hyperborean city.

There is a similar masonry in the Kovdor region.

Sensation again

Since EuroChem and the Kovdor administration launched the project “Kovdor - the capital of Hyperborea”, cases of ancient artifacts found in the Murmansk region have become more frequent. Just a few days ago, another sensational find was made. At the end of July 2019, Aleksey Tolmachev, a resident of Kovdor, while fishing on Lake Girvas, came across a large boulder, decorated with stone threads, with a portrait of a humanoid carved on it. Geologists have already stated that the image on the stone, which is about 25-30 thousand years old, does not look like traces of natural weathering. Most likely, the boulder was a fragment of some kind of structure.

A newly discovered stone in Lake Girvas

A photograph of the find was sent to the Kola Science Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Elena Rotkevich, St. Petersburg-Kovdor-Kuelporr-Lovozero-Seydozero

231 years ago, on November 14, 1788, Mikhail Lazarev, a Russian naval commander and admiral, a participant in several round-the-world voyages and other sea voyages, the discoverer and explorer of Antarctica, was born in Vladimir.

Having passed a long and difficult path from midshipman to admiral, Lazarev not only took part in the most key naval battles of the 19th century, but also did a lot to improve the coastal infrastructure of the fleet, stood at the origins of the establishment of the Admiralty and the founding of the Sevastopol Naval Library.

The life path and exploits of MP Lazarev in the historical material of the Research Institute of Military History of the Academy of the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces.

Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev devoted his whole life to serving the Russian fleet. He was born into the family of a nobleman, Senator Pyotr Gavrilovich Lazarev, who came from the nobility of the Arzamas district of the Nizhny Novgorod province, was the middle of three brothers - the future Vice-Admiral Andrei Petrovich Lazarev (born in 1787) and Rear Admiral Alexei Petrovich Lazarev (b. in 1793).

After the death of their father, in February 1800, the brothers were enlisted as ordinary cadets in the Naval Cadet Corps. In 1803, Mikhail Petrovich passed the exam for the rank of midshipman, becoming the third in academic performance out of 32 students.

E. I. Botman. Portrait of Admiral Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev. 1873 g.

In June of the same year, for further study of maritime affairs, he was assigned to the battleship "Yaroslav", operating in the Baltic Sea. And two months later, together with seven best-performing graduates, he was sent to England, where for five years he participated in voyages in the North and Mediterranean Seas, in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans. In 1808, Lazarev returned to his homeland and passed the exam for the rank of midshipman.

During the Russian-Swedish war of 1808-1809, Mikhail Petrovich was on the battleship "Grace", which was part of the flotilla of Vice Admiral PI Khlynov. During the hostilities near the island of Gogland, the flotilla captured a brig and five transports of the Swedes.

While evading the superior British squadron, one of the ships - the battleship Vsevolod - ran aground. On August 15 (27), 1808, Lazarev with a team on a lifeboat was sent to help. It was not possible to remove the ship from the shallows, and after a fierce boarding battle with the British, Vsevolod was burned, and Lazarev and the crew were captured.

In May 1809 he returned to the Baltic Fleet. In 1811 he was promoted to lieutenant.

Mikhail Petrovich met the Patriotic War of 1812 on the 24-gun brig "Phoenix", which, together with other ships, defended the Gulf of Riga, participated in the bombing and landing at Danzig. For bravery Lazarev was awarded a silver medal.

After the end of the war, preparations for a round-the-world voyage to Russian America began in the port of Kronstadt. The frigate "Suvorov" was chosen to participate in it, in 1813 Lieutenant Lazarev was appointed its commander. The ship belonged to the Russian-American company, which was interested in regular sea traffic between St. Petersburg and Russian America.

On October 9 (21), 1813, the ship left Kronstadt. Having overcome strong winds and thick fogs, passing the Sound, Kattegat and Skagerrak straits (between Denmark and the Scandinavian Peninsula) and avoiding collision with French and Danish ships allied to them, the frigate arrived in Portsmouth (England). After a three-month stop, the ship, passing along the coast of Africa, crossed the Atlantic and stopped in Rio de Janeiro for a month.

At the end of May 1814, the Suvorov sailed into the Atlantic, crossed the Indian Ocean and entered Port Jackson (Australia) on August 14 (26), where he received the news of the final victory over Napoleon. Continuing sailing in the Pacific Ocean, at the end of November the frigate arrived at the Novo-Arkhangelsk port, where the residence of the chief manager of Russian America A. A. Baranov was located.

During the voyage, on the way to the equator, a group of coral islands was discovered, which Lazarev gave the name "Suvorov".

After wintering, the frigate made a trip to the Aleutian Islands, where it received a large cargo of furs for delivery to Kronstadt. At the end of July 1815 "Suvorov" left Novo-Arkhangelsk. Now his path lay along the coast of the Americas, bypassing Cape Horn.

During the voyage, the frigate made a call at the Peruvian port of Callao, becoming the first Russian ship to visit Peru. Here Mikhail Petrovich successfully carried out the trade negotiations entrusted to him, having received permission for Russian sailors to trade without any additional taxes.

Having rounded Cape Horn, the ship passed through the entire Atlantic Ocean and arrived in Kronstadt on July 15 (28), 1816. In addition to a large cargo of valuable furs, Peruvian animals were delivered to Europe - nine llamas, one specimen of Vigoni and one alpaca each. The Suvorov spent 239 days under sail on the way from Kronstadt to Novo-Arkhangelsk, and 245 days on the way back.

The sailing route of MP Lazarev on the frigate "Suvorov" in 1813 - 1815.

At the beginning of 1819, Lazarev, already an experienced commander and navigator, received under his command the sloop "Mirny", preparing for an expedition to the South Arctic Circle.

After two months of preparation, re-equipment of ships, sheathing of the underwater part of the hull with copper sheets, selection of a crew and provision of provisions, Mirny together with the sloop Vostok (under the general command of its commander Lieutenant-Commander F. F. Bellingshausen) in July 1819 left Kronstadt. Having made a stop in the capital of Brazil, the sloops headed for the island of South Georgia, nicknamed the "gateway" to Antarctica.

The voyage took place in difficult polar conditions: among icy mountains and large ice floes, with frequent storms and snowstorms, heaps of floating ice that slowed down the movement of ships.

Thanks to the excellent knowledge of maritime affairs by Lazarev and Bellingshausen, the ships never lost sight of each other.

Making their way among the icebergs to the south, the navigators on January 16 (30), 1820, reached latitude 69 ° 23´5. This was the edge of the Antarctic continent, but the sailors did not fully realize their feat - the discovery of the sixth part of the world.

Lazarev wrote in his diary:

On the sixteenth, we reached latitude 69 ° 23'5, where we encountered ice of extreme height, extending as far as sight could reach. However, we did not enjoy this amazing spectacle for long, for soon it became dark again and as usual it began to snow ... From here we continued on our way to the east, at every opportunity attempting to the south, but, before reaching 70 °, we invariably ran into the icy continent.

After vain attempts to find a passage, the commanders of the ships, after consulting, decided to retreat and turned north. The crews of the sloops were in constant nervous tension, they were bothered by dampness and cold. Bellingshausen and Lazarev made every effort to ensure normal living conditions. For wintering "Vostok" and "Mirny" went to the Australian port of Jackson.

Swimming of F. F. Bellingshausen and M. P. Lazarev in 1819 - 1821.

On May 8 (20), 1820, the repaired ships headed for the shores of New Zealand, where for three months they plied the waters of the little-studied southeastern Pacific Ocean, discovering a number of islands. In September, the ships returned to Australia, and two months later headed for Antarctica again.

During the second voyage, the sailors managed to discover the island of Peter I and the coast of Alexander I, which completed their research work in Antarctica.

So Russian sailors were the first in the world to discover a new part of the world - Antarctica, refuting the opinion of the English traveler James Cook, who argued that there is no continent in the southern latitudes, and if it exists, then only near the pole, in areas inaccessible for navigation.

The ships were on the cruise for 751 days, of which 527 were under sail, and passed over 50 thousand miles. The expedition discovered 29 islands, including a group of coral islands named after the heroes of the Patriotic War of 1812 - M.I.Kutuzov, M. B. Barclay de Tolly, P. Kh. Wittgenstein, A. P. Ermolov, N. N Raevsky, M. A. Miloradovich, S. G. Volkonsky.

For a successful voyage, Lazarev, bypassing the rank of lieutenant commander, was promoted to captain of the 2nd rank.

Sloops "Vostok" and "Mirny". Artist Yu. Sorokin

In March 1822, MP Lazarev was appointed commander of the newly built 36-gun frigate "Cruiser".

At this time, the situation in Russian America aggravated, American industrialists predatory exterminated valuable fur-bearing animals in our possessions. It was decided to send the cruiser frigate and the Ladoga sloop to the distant shores, commanded by his older brother Andrey. In August of the same year, the ships left the Kronstadt raid.

After stopping in Tahiti, each ship set out on its own course, the Ladoga to the Kamchatka Peninsula, and the Cruiser to the shores of Russian America. For about a year, the frigate guarded the Russian territorial waters from smugglers. In the summer of 1824 it was replaced by the sloop "Enterprise", and the "Cruiser" left Novo-Arkhangelsk. In August 1825 the frigate arrived at Kronstadt.

For the exemplary performance of the assignment, Lazarev was promoted to captain of the 1st rank and awarded the Order of Vladimir, III degree.

At the beginning of 1826, Mikhail Petrovich was appointed commander of the Azov battleship under construction in Arkhangelsk, at that time the most advanced ship of the Russian navy.

The commander carefully selected his crew, which included Lieutenant PS Nakhimov, Warrant Officer V.A.Kornilov and midshipman V.I.Istomin - the future leaders of the defense of Sevastopol.

His influence on his subordinates was limitless, Nakhimov wrote to a friend:

It is worth listening, my dear, how everyone here treats the captain, how they love him! ... Indeed, the Russian fleet has not yet had such a captain.

Upon the arrival of the ship in Kronstadt, he entered service with the Baltic squadron. Here Mikhail Petrovich had a chance to serve for some time under the command of the famous Russian admiral D. N. Senyavin.

In 1827, Lazarev was appointed concurrently chief of staff of a squadron equipped for a campaign in the Mediterranean Sea. In the summer of the same year, the squadron under the command of Rear Admiral L.P. Heyden entered the Mediterranean and united with the French and British squadrons.

The command of the combined fleet was assumed by the British Vice-Admiral Edward Codrington, a student of Admiral Nelson, it consisted of 27 ships (11 English, seven French and nine Russian) with 1.3 thousand guns. The Turkish-Egyptian fleet consisted of over 50 ships with 2.3 thousand guns. In addition, the enemy had coastal batteries on the island of Sfakteria and in the Navarino fortress.

On October 8 (20), 1827, the famous Navarino battle took place. The Azov was in the center of a curved battle line of four ships of the line. It was here that the Turks directed their main blow.

The battleship "Azov" had to fight at the same time with five Turkish ships, with artillery fire it sank two large frigates and a corvette, burned the flagship under the flag of Tagir Pasha, forced the 80-gun ship of the line to run aground, then lit it and blew it up.

In addition, the ship under the command of Lazarev destroyed the flagship of Muharrem Bey.

At the end of the battle at "Azov" all masts were broken, the sides were broken, 153 holes were counted in the hull. Despite such serious damage, the ship continued to fight until the last minute of the battle.

Russian ships bore the brunt of the battle and played a major role in the defeat of the Turkish-Egyptian fleet. The enemy lost a ship of the line, 13 frigates, 17 corvettes, four brigs, five fire-ships and other ships.

For the Battle of Navarino, the battleship "Azov", for the first time in the Russian fleet, was awarded the highest award - the stern St. George flag.

Lazarev was promoted to rear admiral and awarded three orders at once: the Greek - Commander's Cross of the Savior, English - Bani and French - St. Louis.

Later, Mikhail Petrovich, being the chief of staff of the squadron, cruised in the Archipelago and participated in the blockade of the Dardanelles, cutting off the way for the Turks to Constantinople.

"Battle of Navarino". Artist I. Aivazovsky

Since 1830, Lazarev commanded a brigade of ships of the Baltic Fleet, in 1832 he was appointed chief of staff of the Black Sea Fleet, and the next year - commander of the fleet, governor of Nikolaev and Sevastopol. Mikhail Petrovich held this post for 18 years.

Already at the beginning of 1833, Lazarev led the successful campaign of the Russian fleet and the transfer of a 10-thousandth landing of troops to the Bosphorus, as a result of which the attempt to capture Istanbul by the Egyptians was prevented. Military aid from Russia forced Sultan Mahmud II to conclude the Unkiar-Iskelesi treaty, which greatly raised the prestige of Russia.

The consolidation of Russia in the Caucasus was especially hostile to England, which sought to turn the Caucasus, with its rich natural resources, into its colony.

For these purposes, with the active support of England, a movement of groups of religious fanatics (Muridism) was organized, one of the main slogans of which was the annexation of the Caucasus to Turkey.

To disrupt the plans of the British and Turks, the Black Sea Fleet needed to blockade the Caucasian coast. To this end, Lazarev allocated a detachment, and later a squadron of the Black Sea Fleet, consisting of six armed steamers for operations off the coast of the Caucasus. In 1838, a place was chosen for the squadron to be based at the mouth of the Tsemes River, which laid the foundation for the construction of the Novorossiysk port.

In 1838-1840, with the direct participation of Lazarev, landing troops of the troops of General N.N. Raevsky (junior) were landed from the ships of the Black Sea Fleet, which cleared the coast and estuaries of the Tuapse, Subashi and Pazuape rivers from the enemy, a fort named after Lazarev was built on the bank of the latter ... The successful activities of the Black Sea Fleet prevented the implementation of the plans of conquest by the British and Turks in the Caucasus.

Lazarev was the first to organize a two-year expedition of the frigate "Speedy" and the tender "Hurry" to describe the Black Sea, which resulted in the publication of the first pilot of the Black Sea.

Under the personal supervision of Lazarev, plans were drawn up and the area was prepared for the construction of an admiralty in Sevastopol, and docks were built. In the Hydrographic Depot, reorganized by his order, many maps, directions, regulations, manuals were printed and a detailed atlas of the Black Sea was published.

Under the leadership of Mikhail Petrovich, the Black Sea Fleet became the best in Russia. Major successes were achieved in shipbuilding, he personally supervised the construction of each ship.

Under Lazarev, the number of ships of the Black Sea Fleet was brought to a full standard set, and naval artillery was improved. In Nikolaev, an admiralty was built, taking into account all the achievements of technology of that time, the construction of the admiralty near Novorossiysk began.

MP Lazarev understood perfectly well that the sailing fleet was out of date and that the steam fleet should come to replace it. However, technological backwardness did not allow Russia to make such a transition at a rapid pace.

Lazarev directed all efforts so that steamers appeared in the Black Sea Fleet. He achieves this by ordering the construction of iron steam ships with all the latest improvements. Preparations were made for the construction in Nikolaev of the 131-gun screw battleship "Bosphorus" (laid down after the death of Lazarev in 1852).

In 1842, Mikhail Petrovich obtained orders for the construction of five steam-frigates "Chersonesos", "Bessarabia", "Crimea", "Gromonosets" and "Odessa" by shipyards for the Black Sea Fleet.

In 1846, he sent his closest assistant Captain 1st Rank Kornilov to the British shipyards to directly supervise the construction of four steamers: "Vladimir", "Elbrus", "Yenikale" and "Taman". All steamships were built according to Russian projects and sketch drawings.

Lazarev paid much attention to the cultural growth of sailors. On his instructions and under his leadership, the Sevastopol Sea Library was reorganized and a House of Meetings was built, as well as many other social and cultural institutions were organized.

The admiral paid great attention to the defensive structures of Sevastopol, increasing the number of guns that defended the city to 734 units.

The Lazarev school was harsh, and it was sometimes difficult to work with the admiral. However, those sailors in whom he managed to awaken a living spark that lived in himself became true Lazarevites.

Mikhail Petrovich trained such outstanding sailors as Nakhimov, Putyatin, Kornilov, Unkovsky, Istomin and Butakov. The great merit of Lazarev is that he trained the cadres of sailors who ensured the transition of the Russian fleet from sailing to steam.

The admiral always cared little about his health. However, at the end of 1850, stomach pains intensified, and on the personal instructions of Nicholas I, he was sent to Vienna for treatment. The disease was severely neglected, and local surgeons refused to operate on him. On the night of April 11 (23), 1851, at the age of 63, Lazarev died of stomach cancer.

His ashes were transported to Russia and interred in Sevastopol in the Vladimir Cathedral. In the basement of this cathedral in the form of a cross, with their heads towards the center of the cross, are buried M. P. Lazarev, P. S. Nakhimov, V. A. Kornilov and V. I. Istomin.

Burial place of Admiral M. P. Lazarev in the Vladimir Cathedral, Sevastopol.

In 1867, in this city, then still lying in ruins after the Crimean War of 1853-1856, the grand opening of the monument to M.P. Lazarev took place. At the opening, Rear Admiral of the Svita I. A. Shestakov made a brilliant speech in which he vividly outlined the renowned admiral's merits in creating the Russian fleet and fostering high qualities of Russian sailors.

The geographical discoveries made by MP Lazarev are of world-wide historical significance. They are included in the golden fund of Russian science. Mikhail Petrovich was elected an honorary member of the Geographical Society.

The St. Petersburg Maritime Assembly in memory of the remarkable Russian admiral M.P. Lazarev established a silver medal in 1995, which is awarded to workers of the sea, river and fishing fleets, educational institutions, research institutes and other naval organizations that have made a great contribution to the cause. development of the fleet, who made significant voyages, as well as taking a significant part in the creation of equipment for the fleet and previously awarded the gold breastplate of the Maritime Assembly.

The Russian people cherish the memory of the outstanding Russian admiral with love, deservedly placing him among the best naval commanders of our Motherland.

M.P. Lazarev Medal of the St. Petersburg Maritime Assembly

Is there something similar to Stonehenge in Russia? Shamans from Kola have always been the most vigorous, Ivan the Terrible brought them to the court. And the Soviet expeditions in all seriousness declared that they had found traces of the ancient civilization of Hyperborea. All artifacts remained, you can go and see ...

Kola is the territory where the Sami lived. Now this is a small nationality of Russia, earlier - just pagans who hung out in the north and very powerfully shamanized. There are indeed references to the case of Ivan the Terrible in the annals. In Soviet times, it was useless to conjure, and the Sami were dispersed (or driven?) Into collective farms. Many are carried away by alcohol, and now the population of the nation is close to zero.

Kola is the homeland of humanity, the precivilization of Hyperborea. You can relate to this in different ways, but here the SS secret service Ahnenerbe was looking for artifacts, and the expedition of the most famous occultist of the USSR, Barchenko, took place here. He stated that he had found irrefutable evidence of Hyperborean footprints. Now there are no official documents about this, and the parapsychologist himself, in general, a couple of years after the trip, was declared an enemy of the people and was shot. So, it is quite possible that some small town, like the local Kovdor, is nothing more than the ancient capital of the legendary Hyperborea.

Kovdor. Career

# 1 Seydozero

The peninsula is covered with lakes. The Sami treated them like the inhabitants of central Russia to the fields. Main power supply. Only now Seiodozero was considered sacred, and even with a triple bottom. In the 90s, Demin's expedition went here (just in the footsteps of the first Soviet one), the bottom of the lake was checked with an echo sounder and under it they found a dungeon with a stone floor and a vault leading towards the mountain.

Mount Ninchurt

It contains one of Barchenko's evidence. He wrote that he had found an underground passage from the lake to the heart of the mountain itself. There is even a photograph from the place of the find. On it there is an expedition of councils and not yet collective farm Sami.

photo from Barchenko's expedition

In the 30s, the secret department of the NKVD blew up and blocked the entrance to these caves. But something mysterious still remains. To do this, you need to climb the mountain itself. Some argue that there used to be pyramids there. Moreover, “earlier” is before the war. Now we see only a suspicious pile of stones, which, at the request of the beholder, could be a pyramid. And with an even greater desire - a spaceship of the Hyperboreans.

# 3 Temple complex of an ancient civilization

If you go further from the “ruins of the pyramid” along Ninchurt, you will see many stones with very even rocks. Lumps with very even chips. And even a stone cube with some suspiciously hewn edges. Then you will see a gorge with a bridge, from which stone steps go up and down.

There are many versions of this place, both among scientists and mystics. In short, here is either a very geometric work of nature. Or the most ancient temple of Hyperborea. A place for a spectacular service to the elements or something else quite suitable.

But these are all fantasies, but the footprints on the stone above the “temple” date back thousands of years. They are completely clear and no one can explain why, and most importantly - who made them.

Photo - Alexander Matveev

No. 4 Kuiva

According to the “biological” essence, Kuiva is a microcolonial fungus that gives a dark pigment on the rock exactly along such a contour. But why the contour has not changed for hundreds of years, despite the rocky weathering, is completely incomprehensible.

No. 5 Seydy

These are perhaps the most famous points of power on the Kola Peninsula. This is usually the name for huge stones standing on smaller ones. But there may be other types, for the Sámi, seid is any place of worship for spirits. There are many of them on the peninsula, we saw this one on Mount Ninchurt. Who brought it and put it on the most beautiful viewpoint? Scientists say it is a glacier. The mystics claim that there was no glacier on Kola at all (there are quite scientific versions of this), and the seids are part of the ancient observatory of Hyperborea.

17.09.18

For thousands of years, the minds of millions of people around the world have been occupied with the secrets of Hyperborea - a mysterious country inhabited by beautiful, strong people-gods. This country was searched for by ancient Greek scientists and philosophers - Alcaeus, Herodotus, Pliny the Elder, and then medieval scientists. They all believed that the unknown country was located where the Kola Peninsula is now located. It was not for nothing that it was called Hyperborea: hyper means over, over, Borey means the north wind. A country located beyond the northern winds, with a wonderful warm climate and natural abundance, became a supercivilization of the mighty titans, because its patron was the ancient Greek god Apollo himself and his sister Artemis.

Apollo came here every 19 years in a chariot drawn by swans, which Zeus gave him. The young god argued for the leadership of his territory with the god of the seas and oceans, Poseidon, who patronized Atlantis. In a decisive battle, Apollo defeated Poseidon and Atlantis sank to the bottom.

The fact that in our area it was known about the god Apollo since ancient times is evidenced by the names of two mountain peaks located 70 kilometers from Kovdor - Payuive and Payoiva, which are translated from the Sami language as Apollo and Artemis. So, the northern peoples who appeared here millennia later knew something about Hyperborea and her divine patrons?

The myths about Hyperborea haunted people striving for world domination. Even Adolf Hitler, a lover of everything occult, little-studied and obsessed with the idea of ​​a superman, was looking for this country on an ancient map, which he shores like the apple of his eye. Surprisingly, the borders of this mysterious country coincided with the borders where Russian soldiers in 1941 stopped the advance of German troops to the north. This happened in the area of ​​Zapadnaya Litsa and the Verman line on the Kandalaksha direction in the Alakurtti area.

The search for Hyperborea was carried out by Soviet scientists Barchenko and Demin, who conducted two series of expeditions to the Kola Peninsula and found traces of an ancient civilization. These studies have been classified for a long time.

Until now, no one has found the ancient mysterious country. But even today, the Kovdorsky district is full of little-studied artifacts and mysteries that will invariably arouse world interest: seids and stone pyramids, petroglyphs and altars of shamans, stone labyrinths and ruins of an ancient city, star maps laid out of stones - these are just a few of the traces found on this the land of ancient people.

And who knows, maybe it will be us who will be able to find the key to unraveling the secrets of Hyperborea and become the discoverers of the unknown?