Cuba Area sq. km. Area sq. km. Population 10.7 million people Population 10.7 million people Capital and largest city Havana, Capital and largest city Havana, Language Spanish Language Spanish Religion Roman Catholic Religion Roman Catholic Monetary unit of peso Monetary unit of peso GDP approx.
Physical Characteristics Three mountain systems cover 25% of Cuba's territory. The highest point of the country - Turquino Peak (2005 m) - is located in the city of Sierra Maestra. Three mountain systems occupy 25% of the territory of Cuba. The highest point of the country - Turquino Peak (2005 m) - is located in the city of Sierra Maestra. The average annual t° in Havana is 25°С. The average annual t° in Havana is 25°С.
Coat of arms of Cuba The coat of arms of Cuba depicts the surrounding blue sea, key, palm tree and hills. The key symbolizes the position of the island on the world's most important sea routes. Palm trees are favorite trees of Cubans and they grow everywhere, singly or in small picturesque groups. And the hills and low mountains located along the edges of the island enliven the view of the plains. The coat of arms of Cuba depicts the blue sea surrounding it, a key, a palm tree and hills. The key symbolizes the position of the island on the world's most important sea routes. Palm trees are favorite trees of Cubans and they grow everywhere, singly or in small picturesque groups. And the hills and low mountains located along the edges of the island enliven the view of the plains.
Population For the population of Cuba, the predominance of men is traditional. It was especially large in colonial times and during the period of mass immigration. Men predominated among the settlers from Spain and among the African slaves. In 1774, men made up 3/5 of the total population. As a result, the proportion of women in the population has increased dramatically. For the population of Cuba, the predominance of men is traditional. It was especially large in colonial times and during the period of mass immigration. Men predominated among the settlers from Spain and among the African slaves. In 1774, men made up 3/5 of the total population. As a result, the proportion of women in the population has increased dramatically.
Age structure The current age structure of the population, especially the high proportion of people in the young age groups (under 15), creates no small difficulties for the social and economic development of Cuba. This group accounts for approximately 37% of the total population, and 6% for people over 65 years of age. The current age structure of the population, especially the high proportion of people in the young age groups (under 15 years old), creates no small difficulties for the social and economic development of Cuba. This group accounts for approximately 37% of the total population, and 6% for people over 65 years of age.
Placement of the population Cuba is distinguished by a relatively uniform distribution of the population throughout the territory. The average population density is about 90 people per 1 sq. km. km. The wetlands in the South-West of the island are characterized by the lowest population density. About half of the population is located along the Central Highway, which stretches across the entire island, to which almost all large cities gravitate. Cuba is distinguished by a relatively even distribution of the population throughout the territory. The average population density is about 90 people per 1 sq. km. km. The wetlands in the South-West of the island are characterized by the lowest population density. About half of the population is located along the Central Highway, which stretches across the entire island, to which almost all large cities gravitate.
Mining industry and production Among minerals, iron ore occupies the first place; also produce copper, chromium, nickel, cobalt, gold and silver. After the revolution of 1959 there is a rise in industrial production; Communist countries played a significant role in Cuba. The main industrial enterprises are engaged in the processing of sugar cane, the production of textiles, leather goods, and cigars. Among minerals, iron ore occupies the first place; also produce copper, chromium, nickel, cobalt, gold and silver. After the revolution of 1959 there is a rise in industrial production; Communist countries played a significant role in Cuba. The main industrial enterprises are engaged in the processing of sugar cane, the production of textiles, leather goods, and cigars.
Agriculture In 1959 the land became the property of the state. 50% of export earnings come from the sale of sugar. Cuba is the world's third largest sugar producer. Other cash crops include tobacco, coffee, citrus fruits and kenaf used to make bags. Rice and potatoes are grown for the domestic market; livestock farming in the lowlands. In 1959, the land became the property of the state. 50% of export earnings come from the sale of sugar. Cuba is the world's third largest sugar producer. Other cash crops include tobacco, coffee, citrus fruits and kenaf used to make bags. Rice and potatoes are grown for the domestic market; livestock farming in the lowlands.
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The area of the Republic of Cuba is 111,000 sq. km., including the island of Cuba - the largest in the West Indies and gave the name to the whole country. In the south, Cuba is washed by the waters of the Caribbean Sea. Cuba is bordered by the Bahamas to the northeast, Haiti, Jamaica and the Cayman Islands to the south, the Yucatan Strait to the west from Mexico, and the Florida Strait to the north from the United States of America. The island of Cuba stretches along the equator for 1200 km, its width varies from 30 to 190 km. An important element of the coast are coral reefs, atolls and numerous small islands. Cuban reefs are the third longest in the world.
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The surface of Cuba is characterized by lowlands located on limestone deposits of the Tertiary period. In the southwestern part of Cuba, the relief is changing: the Sierre Maestra mountain range stretches along the coast, consisting of masses of volcanic origin. Here is the highest point of the island - Turquino Peak (1974 m above sea level). In the region of the Zapata Peninsula there are extensive marshy lowlands. An important element of the coast are coral reefs, atolls and numerous small islands. Cuban reefs are the third longest in the world. Picturesque limestone lowlands predominate on the island of Cuba, and only small areas in the southwest, northwest and in the central part of the island are occupied by mountain ranges.
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Political structure The supreme body of state power in the Republic of Cuba is the National Assembly of People's Power, elected for five years, endowed with legislative rights. The National Assembly elects the Council of State from among its deputies. The highest body of executive power is the Council of Ministers. The Chairman of the State Council and the Council of Ministers is the head of state. Administratively, Cuba is subdivided into 14 provinces, which in turn are divided into 169 municipalities, one of which - Juventud - is of central subordination. In Cuba, the slogan is popular: “The power of the people is really power! ". The supreme leading force of Cuban society and state is the Communist Party of Cuba.
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Flag The triangle is a symbol of freedom, equality and fraternity, and the three blue stripes represent the three parts into which the Spaniards divided Cuba. White symbolizes the purity of the aspirations of the revolutionaries and justice, red - the blood shed in the struggle for independence.
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Coat of arms The national emblem represents the island. It is designed like a leather shield and is divided into three sections. In its horizontal upper part there is a golden key between two mountains, the sun rising over the sea - which symbolizes the position of Cuba in the Gulf - Cuba is the key to the Gulf of Mexico, between the two Americas. The blue and white stripes at the bottom left represent the state's insular position during the colonial period. Right side, Cuban landscape, the royal palm is a symbol of the inflexible character of the Cuban people.
Slide 7
Minerals According to the tectonic structure, Cuba is included in the Antilles-Caribbean region of the Cordillera fold belt. At the same time, it combines the folded structures of the Antilles island arcs and subplatform areas. Especially characteristic of Cuba is the wide distribution of young limestones. Currently, Cuba is in a zone of high seismicity (up to 7 points). The now heavily depleted copper deposits are associated with folded structures. There are also manganese ores, and bauxite deposits are possible. But the main mineral wealth of Cuba of world importance is the reserves of nickel ores combined with cobalt. Cuba is well endowed with raw materials for the building materials industry. Some coastal areas have signs of oil. The almost complete absence of fuel and energy resources creates great difficulties for economic development.
Slide 8
Economy of Cuba. Positive sides. The main branch of the Cuban economy is the sugar industry. There are about 170 sugar refineries operating in the country. There are enterprises of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, mechanical engineering, chemical industry, and two oil refineries. The light and food industries are developed. Famous Cuban cigars are produced by 6 tobacco factories. An important source of income is international tourism. The share of extractive industry in GDP is 3%. In terms of nickel ore reserves, Cuba ranks fifth in the world. Cobalt ore accounts for 26% of the world's reserves.
Slide 9
Economy of Cuba. Negative sides. Due to the US embargo, lack of access to important markets and investments. Acute currency deficit. Fluctuations in world prices for sugar and nickel. Sophisticated trade restrictions and a lack of regulation discourage investment. Bad infrastructure. Shortage of fuel, fertilizers and spare parts.
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The climatic conditions and resources of Cuba are determined, first of all, by the position of the territory immediately south of the tropic, in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, as well as by the passage of warm currents near the island that form the Gulf Stream. Cuba has huge thermal resources of solar heat. Average monthly temperatures on the plains are always high: in January 22.5, in August 27.8. But fluctuations in extreme temperatures are quite significant. The average maximum temperature on the plains exceeds 30 .
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Humidity Relatively high annual precipitation - 1380mm. The year is not divided into 4 seasons, but into 2 seasons - dry, rainy. The rainy season usually lasts from May to October. The dry season usually starts in November and ends in April. This is the period of greatest economic activity, as it is the season for cutting and processing sugar cane. High humidity is typical for the climatic conditions of all regions of the country. The average relative humidity of the air is 79%. In combination with constant high temperatures, very high air humidity has a generally unfavorable effect. Humidity oppresses a person. The climate of Cuba requires special processing (tropicalization) of all industrial products and structures. In general, the climatic conditions in Cuba are much more favorable than in most other, especially continental tropical countries.
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Fauna The fauna of Cuba due to its insular position is quite poor. In addition, it has suffered greatly as a result of human activities. There are no predatory animals and poisonous snakes in Cuba, there are many bats, a very rich species composition of birds, insects and terrestrial mollusks, a diverse species composition of fish, sea turtles, many shrimps and lobsters.
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Tobacco production An important specialization of Cuba since the 17th century has been the production of first-class tobacco. Cuban cigars are famous all over the world.
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Main religion: Catholicism, various African religions are common. Holidays January 1-2 - Liberation Day (the victory of the Cuban revolution in 1959). May 1 - International Workers' Day, Labor Day. July 26 - National Revolt Day (attack on the Moncada barracks in Santiago de Cuba, July 25 and 27 are also days off). October 10 - Anniversary of the beginning of the wars for independence from Spanish rule, Day of Cuban Culture. December 25 - Christmas.
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History of Cuba The settlement of Cuba began in the fourth millennium BC. Apparently, the first inhabitants of the island moved there from South and Central America. The Indians knew agriculture, grew corn and other food crops, hunted birds, rodents, hunted turtles and fish. By the time of the Spanish conquest of Cuba at the beginning of the 16th century, the bulk of the Indians lived in the conditions of the decay of the primitive communal system. On October 28, 1492, the first expedition of Columbus, which set off in search of rich overseas lands and marked the beginning of the era of the Great Geographical Discoveries, reached the Northeast coast of Cuba. On the same day, he wrote in his diary that the eyes of man have never seen more beautiful than this island. In 1510, the Spanish colonization of Cuba began. By 1514, the Spaniards had founded seven cities from the first capital of Baracoa in the far east to Havana. Later, all of them, except for Baracoa, changed their location. The colonization of the island was accompanied by the almost complete destruction of the Indians. They offered heroic resistance to the Spaniards under the leadership of their leaders - Atuey and Guama.
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Suppressed revolution In the life of every country there are several names and dates associated with the most glorious pages of history. One such milestone in Cuban history is October 10, 1868, when the patriot Carlos Manuel De Cespedes raised all his compatriots in revolt against Spanish rule. For ten years, from 1868 to 1878, the Cuban rebels fought the Spanish under the slogan "Independence or Death!". On April 10, 1869, the first Constitution of Cuba was adopted. She proclaimed the freedom of Negro slaves. Many thousands of blacks became rebels. But Cuba could not win. Among the reasons for the defeat were the inconsistency of the leaders, the heterogeneity of the composition of the rebels and the disunity of various regions of the country. In addition, the Spaniards had about 20 times more troops than the rebels.
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End of Spanish domination Cuban patriots did not stop fighting for independence. Jose Marti became the ideologists, organizers and inspirers of this struggle. In 1892 he created the first revolutionary party. In April 1895, detachments of Jose Marti landed in Cuba and launched active military operations. On May 19, Jose died in a battle with the Spaniards. But the struggle continued, covering all new areas of the country. On September 16, 1895, the rebels proclaimed the creation of the Cuban Republic and its separation from Spain. The war of 1895-1898 was an ordeal for the Cuban people.
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As a result of a coup d'état on March 10, 1952, Fulgencio Batista came to power in Cuba, who established a military-police dictatorship in the country. The coup caused discontent among progressive youth, the most radical group of which was headed by a young lawyer and aspiring politician Fidel Castro Ruz. On July 26, 1953, a group of rebels, counting on the support of the broad masses, led by Fidel Castro, stormed the fortified barracks of Moncada in Santiago de Cuba. After a two-hour battle, the rebel detachment was defeated, many revolutionaries were killed, the rest were put on trial. Although all the defendants received long prison terms (Fidel Castro was sentenced to 15 years), under pressure from the public, Batista soon had to amnesty the rebels.
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M - 26 The Castro brothers emigrated to Mexico, where they did not abandon plans to overthrow the dictatorship of Batista and began to create an organization for the future revolutionary action, known as M-26. In Mexico, by that time there was a meeting between Castro and Ernesto Guevara, who joined the ranks of the M-26. Flag of the 26th of July Movement
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The first steps of the revolution During the first three months, the position of the revolutionaries remained critical, but they managed to win the trust of the inhabitants of the region and organize significant military pressure on the local military garrisons. In addition to fighting in the countryside, M-26, with the help of sympathetic elements in the student community and the armed forces, organized several performances in the cities, which, however, did not have much significance. The fact that the Batista government during this period of time was in strained relations with the main economic partner and military supplier of Cuba at that time, the United States, helped the rebels significantly.
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In the summer of 1958, the strategic initiative passed to the side of the revolutionaries. By autumn, the provinces of Oriente and Las Villas were almost entirely under the control of the rebels. On January 1, 1959, rebel troops entered Santiago, at the same time, in the west, rebels led by Che Guevara captured the city of Santa Clara. Although the situation did not yet seem catastrophic for the regime, on the same day Batista left the island, after which the administration he left effectively ceased to exist. On January 2, rebel detachments entered Havana; on January 6, Fidel Castro solemnly arrived in the capital.
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Cuba has achieved enormous, universally recognized successes in the social field. In December 1875, the first congress of the Cuban Communist Party was held in Havana. On February 24, 1976, the constitution of socialist Cuba came into force. In 1978, the 11th World Festival of Youth and Students was held in Cuba. In 1980, the first Cuban cosmonaut flew into space. The US plans to isolate Cuba failed. Cuba maintains diplomatic relations with more than 100 states.
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Cuba and the Cuban people have gone through a long and difficult path of development from the primitive communal system of the pre-Columbian era to becoming the first socialist state in the Western Hemisphere. The Cuban nation was formed from heterogeneous ethnic elements in the process of economic development, long battles against the Spanish conquerors, and from the end of the 19th century against the domination of American imperialism and reactionary regimes.
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History of Cuba. The settlement of Cuba began in the fourth millennium BC. Apparently, the first inhabitants of the island moved there from South and Central America. The Indians knew agriculture, grew corn and other food crops, hunted birds, rodents, hunted turtles and fish. By the time of the Spanish conquest of Cuba at the beginning of the 16th century, the bulk of the Indians lived in the conditions of the decay of the primitive communal system. On October 28, 1492, the first expedition of Columbus, which set off in search of rich overseas lands and marked the beginning of the era of the Great Geographical Discoveries, reached the Northeast coast of Cuba. On the same day, he wrote in his diary that the eyes of man have never seen more beautiful than this island. In 1510, the Spanish colonization of Cuba began. By 1514, the Spaniards had founded seven cities from the first capital of Baracoa in the far east to Havana. Later, all of them, except for Baracoa, changed their location. The colonization of the island was accompanied by the almost complete destruction of the Indians. They offered heroic resistance to the Spaniards under the leadership of their leaders - Atuey and Guama.
Teacher: Yakovlev M.Yu.
slide 2
- The area of the Republic of Cuba is 111,000 sq. km., including the island of Cuba - the largest in the West Indies and gave the name to the whole country.
- In the south, Cuba is washed by the waters of the Caribbean Sea. Cuba is bordered by the Bahamas to the northeast, Haiti, Jamaica and the Cayman Islands to the south, the Yucatan Strait to the west from Mexico, and the Florida Strait to the north from the United States of America. The island of Cuba stretches along the equator for 1200 km, its width varies from 30 to 190 km. An important element of the coast are coral reefs, atolls and numerous small islands. Cuban reefs are the third longest in the world.
slide 3
- The surface of Cuba is characterized by lowlands located on limestone deposits of the Tertiary period. In the southwestern part of Cuba, the relief is changing: the Sierre Maestra mountain range stretches along the coast, consisting of masses of volcanic origin.
- Here is the highest point of the island - Turquino Peak (1974 m above sea level). In the region of the Zapata Peninsula there are extensive marshy lowlands. An important element of the coast are coral reefs, atolls and numerous small islands. Cuban reefs are the third longest in the world. Picturesque limestone lowlands predominate on the island of Cuba, and only small areas in the southwest, northwest and in the central part of the island are occupied by mountain ranges.
slide 4
Political structure
- The highest body of state power in the Republic of Cuba is the National Assembly of People's Power, elected for five years, endowed with legislative rights. The National Assembly elects the Council of State from among its deputies. The highest body of executive power is the Council of Ministers. The Chairman of the State Council and the Council of Ministers is the head of state. Administratively, Cuba is subdivided into 14 provinces, which in turn are divided into 169 municipalities, one of which - Juventud - is of central subordination.
- In Cuba, the slogan is popular: “The power of the people is really power! ".
- The supreme leading force of Cuban society and state is the Communist Party of Cuba.
slide 5
Flag
- The triangle is a symbol of freedom, equality and fraternity, and the three blue stripes represent the three parts into which the Spaniards divided Cuba. White symbolizes the purity of the aspirations of the revolutionaries and justice, red - the blood shed in the struggle for independence.
slide 6
Coat of arms
- The national emblem represents the island. It is designed like a leather shield and is divided into three sections. In its horizontal upper part there is a golden key between two mountains, the sun rising over the sea - which symbolizes the position of Cuba in the Gulf - Cuba is the key to the Gulf of Mexico, between the two Americas. The blue and white stripes at the bottom left represent the state's insular position during the colonial period. Right side, Cuban landscape, the royal palm is a symbol of the inflexible character of the Cuban people.
Slide 7
Minerals
- According to the tectonic structure, Cuba is included in the Antilles-Caribbean region of the Cordillera fold belt. At the same time, it combines the folded structures of the Antilles island arcs and subplatform areas. Especially characteristic of Cuba is the wide distribution of young limestones. Currently, Cuba is in a zone of high seismicity (up to 7 points). The now heavily depleted copper deposits are associated with folded structures. There are also manganese ores, and bauxite deposits are possible. But the main mineral wealth of Cuba of world importance is the reserves of nickel ores combined with cobalt. Cuba is well endowed with raw materials for the building materials industry. Some coastal areas have signs of oil. The almost complete absence of fuel and energy resources creates great difficulties for economic development.
Slide 8
Economy of Cuba. Positive sides
- The main branch of the Cuban economy is the sugar industry. There are about 170 sugar refineries operating in the country.
- There are enterprises of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, mechanical engineering, chemical industry, and two oil refineries. The light and food industries are developed. Famous Cuban cigars are produced by 6 tobacco factories.
- An important source of income is international tourism. The share of extractive industry in GDP is 3%. In terms of nickel ore reserves, Cuba ranks fifth in the world. Cobalt ore accounts for 26% of the world's reserves.
Slide 9
Economy of Cuba. Negative sides
- Due to the US embargo, lack of access to important markets and investments.
- Acute currency deficit.
- Fluctuations in world prices for sugar and nickel.
- Sophisticated trade restrictions and a lack of regulation discourage investment.
- Bad infrastructure.
- Shortage of fuel, fertilizers and spare parts.
slide 10
- The climatic conditions and resources of Cuba are determined, first of all, by the position of the territory immediately south of the tropic, in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, as well as by the passage of warm currents near the island that form the Gulf Stream. Cuba has huge thermal resources of solar heat. Average monthly temperatures on the plains are always high: in January 22.5, in August 27.8. But fluctuations in extreme temperatures are quite significant. The average maximum temperature on the plains exceeds 30.
Slide 11
Humidity
- Relatively high annual precipitation - 1380 mm. The year is not divided into 4 seasons, but into 2 seasons - dry, rainy. The rainy season usually lasts from May to October. The dry season usually starts in November and ends in April. This is the period of greatest economic activity, as it is the season for cutting and processing sugar cane. High humidity is typical for the climatic conditions of all regions of the country. The average relative humidity of the air is 79%. In combination with constant high temperatures, very high air humidity has a generally unfavorable effect. Humidity oppresses a person. The climate of Cuba requires special processing (tropicalization) of all industrial products and structures. In general, the climatic conditions in Cuba are much more favorable than in most other, especially continental tropical countries.
slide 12
Animal world
- The fauna of Cuba, due to its insular position, is rather poor. In addition, it has suffered greatly as a result of human activities. There are no predatory animals and poisonous snakes in Cuba, there are many bats, a very rich species composition of birds, insects and terrestrial mollusks, a diverse species composition of fish, sea turtles, many shrimps and lobsters.
slide 13
tobacco production
- An important specialization of Cuba since the 17th century has been the production of first-class tobacco. Cuban cigars are famous all over the world.
Slide 14
- Main religion: Catholicism, various African religions are common.
- Holidays
- January 1-2 - Liberation Day (victory of the Cuban revolution in 1959).
- May 1 - International Workers' Day, Labor Day.
- July 26 - National Revolt Day (attack on the Moncada barracks in Santiago de Cuba, July 25 and 27 are also days off).
- October 10 - Anniversary of the beginning of the wars for independence from Spanish rule, Day of Cuban Culture.
- December 25 - Christmas.
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History of Cuba
- The settlement of Cuba began in the fourth millennium BC. Apparently, the first inhabitants of the island moved there from South and Central America. The Indians knew agriculture, grew corn and other food crops, hunted birds, rodents, hunted turtles and fish.
- By the time of the Spanish conquest of Cuba at the beginning of the 16th century, the bulk of the Indians lived in the conditions of the decay of the primitive communal system. On October 28, 1492, the first expedition of Columbus, which set off in search of rich overseas lands and marked the beginning of the era of the Great Geographical Discoveries, reached the Northeast coast of Cuba. On the same day, he wrote in his diary that the eyes of man have never seen more beautiful than this island. In 1510, the Spanish colonization of Cuba began. By 1514, the Spaniards had founded seven cities from the first capital of Baracoa in the far east to Havana. Later, all of them, except for Baracoa, changed their location. The colonization of the island was accompanied by the almost complete destruction of the Indians. They offered heroic resistance to the Spaniards under the leadership of their leaders - Atuey and Guama.
slide 16
Suppressed revolution
- In the life of each country there are several names and dates associated with the most glorious pages of history. One such milestone in Cuban history is October 10, 1868, when the patriot Carlos Manuel De Cespedes raised all his compatriots in revolt against Spanish rule. For ten years, from 1868 to 1878, the Cuban rebels fought the Spanish under the slogan "Independence or Death!". On April 10, 1869, the first Constitution of Cuba was adopted. She proclaimed the freedom of Negro slaves. Many thousands of blacks became rebels. But Cuba could not win. Among the reasons for the defeat were the inconsistency of the leaders, the heterogeneity of the composition of the rebels and the disunity of various regions of the country. In addition, the Spaniards had about 20 times more troops than the rebels.
Slide 17
End of Spanish domination
- Cuban patriots did not stop fighting for independence. Jose Marti became the ideologists, organizers and inspirers of this struggle. In 1892 he created the first revolutionary party. In April 1895, detachments of Jose Marti landed in Cuba and launched active military operations. On May 19, Jose died in a battle with the Spaniards. But the struggle continued, covering all new areas of the country. On September 16, 1895, the rebels proclaimed the creation of the Cuban Republic and its separation from Spain. The war of 1895-1898 was an ordeal for the Cuban people.
Slide 18
- As a result of a coup d'état on March 10, 1952, Fulgencio Batista came to power in Cuba, who established a military-police dictatorship in the country. The coup caused discontent among progressive youth, the most radical group of which was headed by a young lawyer and aspiring politician Fidel Castro Ruz. On July 26, 1953, a group of rebels, counting on the support of the broad masses, led by Fidel Castro, stormed the fortified barracks of Moncada in Santiago de Cuba. After a two-hour battle, the rebel detachment was defeated, many revolutionaries were killed, the rest were put on trial. Although all the defendants received long prison terms (Fidel Castro was sentenced to 15 years), under pressure from the public, Batista soon had to amnesty the rebels.
Slide 19
M-26
- The Castro brothers emigrated to Mexico, where they did not abandon plans to overthrow the Batista dictatorship and began to create an organization for the future revolutionary action, known as M-26. In Mexico, by that time there was a meeting between Castro and Ernesto Guevara, who joined the ranks of the M-26.
- Flag of the 26th of July Movement
Slide 20
The first steps of the revolution
- During the first three months, the position of the revolutionaries remained critical, but they managed to win the trust of the inhabitants of the region and organize significant military pressure on the local military garrisons. In addition to fighting in the countryside, M-26, with the help of sympathetic elements in the student community and the armed forces, organized several performances in the cities, which, however, did not have much significance. The fact that the Batista government during this period of time was in strained relations with the main economic partner and military supplier of Cuba at that time, the United States, helped the rebels significantly.
slide 21
- In the summer of 1958, the strategic initiative passed to the side of the revolutionaries. By autumn, the provinces of Oriente and Las Villas were almost entirely under the control of the rebels. On January 1, 1959, rebel troops entered Santiago, at the same time, in the west, rebels led by Che Guevara captured the city of Santa Clara. Although the situation did not yet seem catastrophic for the regime, on the same day Batista left the island, after which the administration he left effectively ceased to exist. On January 2, rebel detachments entered Havana; on January 6, Fidel Castro solemnly arrived in the capital.
slide 22
- The Cuban revolution, already at its initial stage, fully restored national sovereignty, destroyed the bourgeois state apparatus, abolished the omnipotence of the US monopolies and the regime of exploitation of the working people of town and country. In 1959-1960, industry, transport, banks, and trade were nationalized in Cuba, as well as measures were taken to eliminate unemployment, transfer housing to workers and improve their working and living conditions.
slide 23
- Cuba has achieved enormous, universally recognized successes in the social field. In December 1875, the first congress of the Cuban Communist Party was held in Havana. On February 24, 1976, the constitution of socialist Cuba came into force. In 1978, the 11th World Festival of Youth and Students was held in Cuba. In 1980, the first Cuban cosmonaut flew into space. The US plans to isolate Cuba failed. Cuba maintains diplomatic relations with more than 100 states.
slide 24
- Cuba and the Cuban people have gone through a long and difficult path of development from the primitive communal system of the pre-Columbian era to becoming the first socialist state in the Western Hemisphere. The Cuban nation was formed from heterogeneous ethnic elements in the process of economic development, long battles against the Spanish conquerors, and from the end of the 19th century against the domination of American imperialism and reactionary regimes.
Information for the presentation of Cuba
Cuba is known all over the world under a different romantic name "Freedom Island", although this unofficial name has been used by this island nation only since 1959, when a revolution led by Fidel Castro won on the island. Today Cuba is a developed socialist state with a population of about 12 million people.
Cuba is located on the island of the same name and many other small islands that are part of the Greater Antilles. Most of the country is the island of Cuba, with an area of approximately 105 thousand square kilometers. Other islands of the Cuban state make up less than 5% of its territory. It should be noted that as a result of the conflict between Spain and the United States, the Americans received the right to own a small piece of land Guantanamo, where today the world-famous military base is located. Cuba is washed on all sides by the Caribbean Sea, and its beaches, located almost along the entire coast of the country, are the best in the world.
All beaches of the Cuban coast are free and are the property of the local municipality. Only a few hotels have small sections of the coast assigned to them, on which local residents are not allowed.
Cuba has an amazing warm and mild climate due to its geographical location. Cuba is separated from the US state of Florida only by the small Florida Strait, which is 153 km wide. A warm current passes on the surface of the strait, which is part of the Gulf Stream. Warm sea currents passing along the shores of the island, even in winter, provide a water temperature on Cuban beaches of at least 22 C, and in summer this figure is 27-29 C. The Cuban climate as a whole is tropical trade winds, which leads to a clear division into 2 seasons: dry and rainy. Rains occur in Cuba during the period from May to October, dry, sunny weather reigns here from November to April.
Weather in Cuba
Cuba is separated from the Yucatan Peninsula, which is Mexican territory, by a short distance by sea. The island of Cuba is also surrounded by heavenly places, including Jamaica, the Bahamas and the Dominican Republic. Cuba is separated from these places by small straits with a width of 70-160 km.
In clear weather, from the coast of Cuba, located in the north, you can see Florida, because the distance to it is no more than 150 km. The proximity of America haunts illegal immigrants crossing the strait in their makeshift boats.
The flight time to Liberty Island is approximately 12 hours. From Russia, direct flights are operated by Aeroflot and Transaero airlines, whose planes land in Havana and Varadero, Cuba's northern resort town, whose beaches are the best in this part of the world, as recognized by UNESCO. Regular flights to Cuba are made only from two Russian cities, St. Petersburg and Moscow. Many charter flights also depart from capital airports, which is why travelers should take care of finding convenient connecting flights in advance.
