One of the amazing cities famous for its majestic bridges is St. Petersburg. There are more than 800 bridges here, which have their own special design and materials used for their manufacture. They were built in different eras.
One of the amazing structures is the first cable-stayed bridge in St. Petersburg - the Bolshoi Obukhovsky Bridge. It is a suspension bridge, which consists of a number of pylons connected to the road surface by steel cables. It is the first non-movable bridge across the Neva River, along which you can always get to the opposite bank if all other bridges are raised.
Cable-stayed is one of the parts ring road. It is located in the middle reaches of the Neva, on the border of the Vsevolozhsky district and Nevsky. With its help, Obukhovskaya Side Avenue and Oktyabrskaya Embankment are connected. For a long time they could not decide on the name of the bridge. The final decision was to name it after the surrounding area, but since a bridge with the same name already exists in St. Petersburg, the prefix “Bolshoi” had to be added to the new bridge.
Its construction began in 2001. Monolithic ones were installed on piles with a diameter of up to 1.7 meters. The width of each span, made of two longitudinal beams, is 25 meters and the height is 2.5 meters. The length of the bridge, including the exits to the highway, reaches 2884 meters, and the spans over the water have a height of up to 30 meters, which ensures free passage for all vessels. As for the height of the spaced pylons that make up the cable-stayed bridge in St. Petersburg, it is 123 meters. The roadway of the structure is made in the form of an orthotropic slab, which consists of two steel sheets reinforced with longitudinal stringers (ribs).
The bridge is one of the longest in Russia. If you look at the bridge from above, you can see two identical bridges located next to each other and having opposite movements. Despite the fact that, according to the plan, the completion of the first half should have occurred at the end of 2003, the grand opening of the first part of the bridge took place on December 15, 2004. After three years, on October 19, 2007, the second part of the cable-stayed bridge was no less solemnly opened.
Thus, the cable-stayed bridge in St. Petersburg has eight lanes, four lanes on each part. The estimated traffic here is now 80,000 vehicles per day.
All cable-stayed bridges have one advantage - the immobility of the bridge. Around the world, these bridges are also used as railway bridges. Similar bridges have been built around the world since 1950. Today, cable-stayed is not just a convenient functional transport facility. It also serves as a decoration of the city, which is admired not only local residents, but also guests of the northern capital.
During the construction of the bridge, before the opening of the first line, the Cable-stayed Bridge Museum was organized. This is a unique museum of its kind, being the first and only museum in all of St. Petersburg dedicated to a specific construction project. Here you can get acquainted with the history of construction, details, designs and plans for the future, prospects for quantum bridges.
: 59.921667 , 30.317778 59°55′18″ n. w. 30°19′04″ E. d. / 59.921667° s. w. 30.317778° E. d.(G) (O) (I)
continuous double-hinged reinforced concrete vault
Bridge name
Story
First wooden bridge across the Fontanka River in the alignment of modern Moskovsky Prospekt was built in 1717. The bridge had a 70 cm wide transverse slot in the middle, intended for the passage of mast ships; During the day, this gap was filled with boards. In 1738 the crossing was rebuilt.
In 1785, a new stone bridge was built, one of seven standard three-span stone bridges across the Fontanka. Most literary sources name the author of the project as the French engineer J-R. Perrone (although this has not been documented). The bridge had three spans, with arched side spans and a wooden draw span in the middle. Open granite towers topped with domes were erected over the river piers. The mechanisms of the drawbridge have gone crazy in them. In 1865, according to the design of engineer Mikhailov, the wooden drawbridge was replaced with a permanent brick vault, and the granite towers above the bridge were dismantled. By design, the bridge became three-span, with stone vaulted spans, the openings in the light of which along the longitudinal axis were 13.9; 9.17 and 14 m. The side spans were covered with box-shaped granite vaults with a clear rise of 2.35 m. The thickness of the vaults in the castle was 85 cm, at the heels it ranged from 95 to 120 cm. The middle span, outlined in a circular arc, was laid out of brick with granite cladding; its lifting boom was 1.52 m. The bank abutments and river supports were also made of stone, lined with granite. The railings were metal and consisted of ordinary straight rods, between which small rings were inserted at the top and bottom. The longitudinal axis of the bridge made an angle of 67° 15’ in the direction of the edges of the supports.
By the end of the 1930s, there was a need to rebuild the bridge, since its width, which did not reach 16.5 m, limited traffic along the 30.6 m wide International Avenue. In addition, subsidence was observed in the brick vaults of the central span with joint openings of up to 25 mm . In 1937, the design sector of the Bureau of Bridges and Embankments began developing a design for a new bridge. The authors were engineer V.V. Demchenko and architect L.A. Noskov. In 1939, the bridge was opened to traffic.
Design
The bridge is three-span, with continuous double-hinged parabolic vaults. Externally, the span and supports are lined with granite slabs. The longitudinal axis of the bridge makes an angle of 60° with the direction of the edges of the supports. Bridge span formula: 14.4+18+14.4 m. The width of the bridge between the railings is 30.88 m, the width of the roadway is 24.6 m, the sidewalks are 3 m each. The river supports and bank abutments are reinforced concrete, on wooden piles grounds. Under them, 1,600 wooden piles, 11 m long, are driven. The sidewalks are covered with granite slabs, the roadway is asphalt concrete. Initially, a gas pipeline of the Leningrad gas network was laid under the raised sidewalk. In 1950, due to a gas leak, an explosion occurred that destroyed part of the granite slabs of the sidewalk. The remaining part of the pipe was plugged and covered with sand. After this incident, a decision was made to plug gas pipelines on other bridges in the city - Novo-Peterhofsky, Komsomolsky, etc. Solid granite parapets were installed as railings. Granite obelisks with round glass lanterns on brackets are installed on the abutments.
Miscellaneous
- The names came from the bridge: Obukhovsky Prospekt (in the 19th century - part of the current Moskovsky Prospekt from Sennaya Square to the Fontanka) and Obukhovskaya Square on Moskovsky Prospekt near the Fontanka River.
- F. M. Dostoevsky, who arrived to enter the Engineering School, moved into the hotel located near the Obukhovsky Bridge in 1837.
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| Bridge at the beginning of the 20th century | Obukhovsky Bridge before reconstruction (1939) | Obukhovsky Bridge, lantern |
Literature
- Stroyizdat, Leningrad. department, 1986. - 280 p.
- Antonov B.I. Bridges of St. Petersburg. - St. Petersburg: Glagol, 2002. - 192 p. - ISBN 5-89662-019-5
The magazine "Business Territories" No. 5 (20) for July 2008 published an article-conversation "Cable-stayed bridges - flying high tech structures" by correspondent Irina Kirillova with the deputy general director on the design of JSC "Institute Giprostroymost St. Petersburg" by Oleg Skorik, which, among other things, talked about the construction of a cable-stayed bridge in St. Petersburg: currently in the world practice of bridge construction there are two technologies for installing cable cables, thanks to which the service life cable-stayed structures according to the standards, it is at least 100 years old - these are solid finished cables with parallel wires and cables formed during installation, manufactured using monostrand technology. It is the second type of technology that was used on the cable-stayed bridge across the Neva. One of the main load-bearing elements of cable-stayed bridges are pylons. The 126-meter metal pylons of the Bolshoi Obukhovsky Bridge are the tallest structures in St. Petersburg, higher than the cathedral spire Peter and Paul Fortress. For the domestic bridge building industry, with its facilities and equipment, the construction of cable-stayed bridges is a significant innovation. And metal pylons are used quite rarely even in the practice of world bridge construction. Especially for their construction, the general construction contractor Mostootryad-19 purchased a Potain crane with a lifting capacity of 40 tons and a height of 160 m. The subcontractor company Mostotrest OJSC, which worked on the construction of the right-bank pylon, also had to buy special equipment - a Libher crawler crane with a lifting capacity of 300 tons.
The first stage was planned to be completed by the 300th anniversary of the city - by May 28, 2003. The established time frame for the construction of the bridge dictated a number of its design features, including the choice of metal as a material for the production of pylons, although reinforced concrete is traditionally used, since they are made of Its designs have better damping capacity and lower cost. Metal was also used as a material for the manufacture of the bridge stiffening beam. This design solution is usually used for spans greater than 600 m. The length of the central span of the Bolshoy Obukhovsky Bridge is 382 m, and steel-reinforced concrete would be a more economical solution. The decision to use an all-metal stiffening beam was dictated by the desire of the contractors to abandon concreting the reinforced concrete slab of the roadway in the winter. All projects of cable-stayed structures use metal structures made of low-alloy structural steels.
The size of the central span of 382 m was also dictated by the directive deadlines for the construction of the bridge crossing, since if the span were increased to 500 m (the possibility of constructing both pylons on the banks of the Neva), the construction time would also increase.
The tight deadlines for project implementation also dictated the division of work into construction phases. Due to the fact that traffic on the ring road must be carried out in eight lanes (4 lanes in each direction), it was decided to build two bridges with four lanes each with a distance between the axles of 36.4 m. From an aerodynamic point of view, the construction of two bridges in close proximity to each other - a rather extraordinary task. There are few examples of such solutions in the world.
The technology for installing cable stays was also determined by the completion date of work on the facility. Solid cable stays have some operational advantages over those formed during installation, but their design requires detailed design work before construction begins. The design of the bridge across the Neva coincided with the construction process. Therefore, on the Bolshoy Obukhovsky Bridge, a type of cables formed during installation was used. Cable stays made using monostrand technology are also metal structures. The strand is based on seven high-strength wires with a diameter of 5 mm each.
Obukhovsky Bridge, spanning the Fontanka River along the axis of Moskovsky Prospekt, connects Spassky and Nameless Island. This is a three-span stone structure 68.8 meters long and 31.8 meters wide. The bridge is oblique in plan, the angle of the oblique is 60°.
The span structure consists of reinforced concrete double-hinged arches, lined with granite. The design is reinforced concrete continuous vaults. The abutments and supports are massive, on a pile foundation, lined with granite. On the facades of the bridge there are pronounced outlines of arches and ice cutters profiled in the form of triangular prisms.
The railing is made in the form of a solid granite parapet. Granite obelisks rise at the entrances; each obelisk has 2 round lanterns. The sidewalks are separated from the roadway by a raised granite parapet-type fence.
History of the bridge
Obukhovsky Bridge is one of the oldest bridges in St. Petersburg. Built across the Fontanka River along the Saar prospect (later Tsarskoselsky Prospekt, now Moskovsky).
The first wooden bridge across the Fontanka River at the site of modern Moskovsky Prospekt was built in 1717. In the middle the bridge had a transverse slot 70 cm wide, intended for the passage of mast ships; During the day, this gap was filled with boards. In 1738 the crossing was rebuilt.
Until 1738 the bridge had no official name. The popular name - Obukhov or Obukhovsky - was assigned to it by the name of the “townsman” Obukhov who built it. In 1738, the Commission on St. Petersburg Buildings established the name “Saar Bridge” for the bridge. It did not take root, and the bridge to this day retains in its name the memory of the construction contractor - Obukhov.
During the construction of the granite walls of the Fontanka embankments in 1785-1786, the wooden bridge was rebuilt into a three-span stone bridge similar to the Lomonosov and Staro-Kalinkin tower bridges. The bank spans were covered with stone vaults, and the middle span was movable with a wooden span and towers on river supports to accommodate the lifting mechanisms.
In 1865, the bridge was rebuilt according to the design of engineer Mikhailov. The wooden swing span structure was replaced with a brick vault, and the bridge towers were dismantled. According to the static design, the bridge is turned into a three-span hingeless arch.
By the mid-1930s, the bridge could no longer cope with the increased traffic flow along International Avenue (as Moskovsky Avenue was called in 1918-1950): the width of the bridge was about 16 meters, and the width of the avenue was 30.6 meters. In addition, subsidence was detected in the brick vaults of the central span with joint openings of up to 25 mm. In 1939, according to the design of engineer V.V. Demchenko and architect L.A. The Noskov Bridge was rebuilt into a three-span reinforced concrete one.
On September 7, 1950, a gas pipeline laid with poor-quality welds caused a gas leak; an explosive mixture formed in the sidewalk on the upper side, which exploded from an accidental spark, damaging the reinforced concrete paving slabs. After this incident, a decision was made to plug gas pipelines on other bridges in the city - Novo-Peterhofsky, Komsomolsky and others.
In 1962, tram rails were removed on Moskovsky Prospekt in the section from Mira Square to the Obvodny Canal.
In 1968, the balls crowning the obelisk floor lamps were re-covered with gold leaf.
In 1989, the sidewalks were separated from the roadway by a granite parapet.
In 2014, the artistic and architectural lighting of the Obukhov Bridge was reconstructed.
Additional Information
The bridge is among the objects cultural heritage Russia of regional significance.
The Obukhovsky Bridge gave its name to the Obukhovskaya bridgehead square on the right bank of the Fontanka River. The St. Petersburg State Transport University of Emperor Alexander I is located here. Opposite the entrance to the university there is a monument to the founder of this educational institution, an outstanding Russian statesman, scientist, engineer and architect of Spanish origin - Augustin de Betancourt.
The Bolshoy Obukhovsky Bridge (often called simply the Cable-stayed Bridge) is a cable-stayed fixed bridge across the Neva. Located on the border of the Nevsky district of St. Petersburg and the Vsevolozhsk district Leningrad region, in the middle reaches of the Neva; connects Obukhovskaya Oborony Avenue and Oktyabrskaya Embankment. One of the most long bridges Russia. In fact, these are two identical bridges with opposite directions of movement on them, having a common name: the upper one is for driving in an easterly direction, the lower one is for driving in a western direction. The only non-movable and largest bridge across the Neva.
Design
The general designer of the bridge crossing is JSC Stroyproekt Institute, the designer of the cable-stayed part is JSC Giprostroymost Institute - St. Petersburg, the general contractor is JSC Mostootryad No. 19. Also taking part in the construction of the bridge were: Mostootryad No. 10, Mostootryad No. 18, Mostootryad No. 90, MTF Mostootryad No. 114, Mostootryad No. 125, part of Mostotrest (they were involved in the construction of the right bank part of the cable-stayed bridge, as well as ramps on the left bank) and other subcontractors. The bridge was built in a rather difficult to navigate section of the Neva, not far from the Crooked Knee bend, but with 126 m high pylons widely spaced along the banks of the Neva and a high span, the bridge is completely invisible to ships passing along the river. Road junctions with Oktyabrskaya Embankment and Obukhovskaya Defense Avenue are complex, and if the first one stretches over several hundred square meters on the still free right bank of the Neva, the second one was built on a small piece of land between residential buildings on Rabfakovskaya Street and Obukhovskaya Defense Avenue, where in addition there are tram lines line and railway tracks leading from the Obukhovo railway station to the Obukhovo plant. The total length of the bridge crossing is 2884 meters, including a navigation span of 382 meters and exits from the bridge. The height of the span above the water surface (under-bridge clearance) is 30 meters, which allows large vessels to freely pass under the bridge. Because of this bridge, the maximum size of ships capable of passing along the Neva from Lake Ladoga into the Neva Bay or in the opposite direction was reduced in height by 10 m. The minimum underbridge clearance of bridges across the Neva that existed for a long time (and the main shipping arm - Bolshaya Neva) 40 m, determined by the lowest bridges in the open position (Volodarsky, Kuzminsky and Ladozhsky bridges) on Bolshoy Obukhovsky was made 10 m lower - only 30 m high. In 2003, the “Museum of the Cable-stayed Bridge” was opened at the construction site - the only museum of one construction site in St. Petersburg. Upon completion of construction at the end of 2008, the museum was moved to the territory of the St. Petersburg branch of JSC Mostootryad No. 19 in Krasnoe Selo. In 2006, a New Year tree was installed on the newly built left bank pylon of the second stage of the bridge. Thanks to the pylon, she became the tallest New Year's tree cities.
