Madagascar is the biggest island of Africa. The most famous Islands of Africa is the largest island of Africa on the map

The biggest island of Africa is, of course, Madagascar.

Madagascar is not only the largest African island, but also one of the largest islands of the world - the fourth largest. This island for his huge sizes of the French called "Great". It sees more than 100 million years ago from the African continent. And it seems that, according to the testimony of some scientists, Madagascar and, according to this, the time is distinguished from the continent with an incredible speed - as much as 2 centimeters in the century. The island is located in the Indian Ocean, in the eastern shore of Africa, and from which he is separated by the Mozambic Strait. The climate is on most of the island of tropical, only in the extreme south of the island of subtropics. The length of the island is about 1600 kilometers, the width is over 600 kilometers, the area is 587,040 kilometers square - this is about twenty Moscow regions or territory of France and Belgium combined. The highest point of the island is, at the moment, not acting, the volcano Marumuukuter, the height of which is 2876 meters, it is located in the Mountain Arrays of Zarantsanan, in the north of the island. Mountain Plateau Andzhafi occupies the central part of the island. Mountainside island up to 2600 meters high, rich in minerals and metals: copper, iron, gold; Extensive coastal plains The swampies, and some of them are very fertile.

The animal and vegetable world of Madagascar is quite unique - it contains 5 percent of plants and animal species and 80 percent of them exist only on this African island. Because of this uniqueness, Madagascar is often called a "small continent."

At Madagascar there is a monophoned state, with the capital in the city of Antananarivo, which occupies the territory of the whole island. The state was formed on June 26, 1960, announcing its independence from France. Territory 587,041 kilometers square - forty fifth in the world. Population 20,042,552 people, score 2008, 58th place in the world.

Earlier on the island there were several states, but the most powerful and developed among them was the state of Herin, based on the people of Merinan. The flourishing of Harry refers to the 19th century. The name of this state indicates the place where it was. Merine is translated into Russian as "Higher". The kingdom was located on the High Plateau Madagascar. At the beginning of the 16th century, Tananarive is based - "the city of thousands", which received such a name in memory of the Motherwise troops, which attached to the Kingdom of the land, on which this city was built. The Great Ruler of the Ramboacalum, which was ruled at the end of the 18th century, significantly expanded the limits of the kingdom, uniting under its authority a lot of scattered early tribes. It is Rambozalame that the famous formula of a single Madagascar belongs: "Our border is the sea." And in a short time there was such an association of the island, the state "from the sea and to the sea" was created, which took the territory of the whole island. On August 10, 1500. The Portuguese of Diego Diaz the very first of Europeans "opened" Madagascar. Soon after him, the French, the British, the Dutch were reached out on the island.

In the 19th century, the state has reached quite significant success. Even universal mandatory training was introduced. The level of education of the population in the country has increased so much that the Royal Courtyard dismissed Glashatayev and posts his decrees on the walls of houses. Almost everyone could read them. The Malagasy State continued to develop, the first factories, metallurgical factories appeared on the island, began to develop mineral resources, periodic printing began, a network of medical facilities was created (only in 1870 their visitors were more than 200 thousand people). In 1876 - 6 years earlier than in France, free training is introduced at Madagascar. But, despite all this, it was not able to withstand the onslaught of one of the largest imperialist powers. Relying on armed force using disagreements between tribes, France in 1896 annexes an island. There is a fact that before the emergence of European "civilizers" in the territory of the island there was a highly developed state in which there was already a "supercivilized" and "supercultural" was still distant and universal education, free medical care and practically general literacy. The only thing clearly surpassed the "wild" African Aborigines "Civilized" Europeans French is so in military force.

The main population of the island is Malagasy. They say they are in Malagasy. This language is also called Malgashsky, and he belongs to the Indonesian group of Austronesian language family.

Malagasy language is in no way connected with its African languages. It is the most western of Malaysian-Polynesian languages \u200b\u200bbelonging to the Austronesian family. Malagasy language is relative to the languages \u200b\u200bof Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. The closest to it are languages \u200b\u200bdistributed on the island of Borneo. The basic vocabulary of Malganas is 90% identical to the vocabulary of the Maryan language in the River Barto River in the south Borneo. This can only mean one thing, Madagascar was settled by the following seats. For what reason this colonization occurred is reliably unknown. Later migrants from the distant Island Borneo mixed with Arabs and immigrants from East Africa. In Malagasy language there are borrowings from Languages \u200b\u200bBantu, Swahili and Arabic, as well as from French and English. The language has written literature from the 15th century and a rich tradition of oral poetic legends and legends.

A rather minor percentage of the population of the island is the komorus, the Chinese, Indians, Creoles, the French and Pakistanis.

52 percent of the population - adherents of local ancient traditional beliefs are animalism, fetishism, the cult of the ancestors, forces of nature and another, 41 percent of Christians, of which, about half of the Catholics and Half Protestants, 7 percent - Muslim Sunni - Migrants from Pakistan and the Comoro Islands . The beginning of the spread of Christianity is the 17th century. Most Christians at the same time confess the local traditional beliefs.

From the foregoing, I can conclude that Madagascar Island is quite an interesting and unusual place of our globe, with a unique flora and fauna and inhabit it, people with a kind of history and culture. In general, this is the place that will not give up the popular places of tourism and rest and go there. Moreover, from March 1, 2010, Madagascar authorities abolished visa fees for all tourists from Russia, who comes to the island for up to thirty days.

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The black continent was and remains one of the most romantic places in the world. Kenya, Zanzibar, South Africa, Morocco, Egypt annually attract thousands of travelers who want to see the life of the continent, on which the first traces of man have been found. Perhaps the most famous island of Africa - Madagascar, which is suspended by famous navigators and modern cinematographers. But besides him, there are still hundreds of wonderful islands at the coast of the continent. Today is 10 most-most.

San Tome.

The island in the Guinean Bay off the coast of West Africa was opened by Portuguese, who quickly adapted it to the cultivation of sugar cane. Today San Tome. - Typical resort island with a portuguese population. An international airport has been opened and a water service has been opened. The island, which has volcanic origin, has large recreational resources. It grows a huge variety of tropical fruits, and the sea is warm and very clean.

Sal.

Sal Island - Territory Cape Verde, the birthplace of the famous singer Cesrica Evora. The island owes its name to the Portuguese word "salt", which, most likely, describes flawlessly clean beaches. In addition to relaxed holidays on the seafront, Sal can offer conditions for water sports, and excellent venue for evening sites - there are bars, restaurants and cafes.

Moheli.

Moheli. or Milia - This is the third largest island in the Comor's Archipelago. The island is little populated, and its large part occupies a natural reserve. This is a great place for snorkeling and animal observation: turtles, whales, etc.

Nosi-B.

Name Nosi-B. The archipelago and its largest island in the Indian Ocean are worn. There are no fashionable resorts with expensive hotels and prestigious restaurants. However, there are a lot of tourists here. Attracts their rich underwater world and the indescribable paradise atmosphere of the place, created by the aromas of tropical flowers and a slow rhythm of life.

Djerba

Everyone knows about this island who ever visited Tunisia. It is located off the coast of the state in the north of Africa. Than famous DjerbaSo it is their stunning snow-white sandy beaches. It is noteworthy that Jerbe still speak Berber, and in 1977 the scenes of one of the episodes of the famous Saga "Star Wars" were shot here.

Reunion.

This small island is not a popular destination from Russian tourists. Those who want exoticism usually visit Madagascar or picturesque Mauritius, and in between them Reunion. Conduct. On French are spoken on the island, and the local landscape is very much reminded of Hawaii. Of the most interesting entertainment - walks on volcanic places and traveling to waterfalls.

Lama Island

This small island belonging to Kenya is famous for its main city, which is part of UNESCO World Heritage Site. Here is the oldest of the surviving settlements of Swahili. Tourism on the island is in its infancy, for the most part, thanks to the errors of pirates, kidding tourists. However, some do not stop the opportunity to get into conclusion, as cultural and natural wealth Lama Really deserve some risk share.

Mauritius

Before the opening of the Portuguese in the 16th century, the island was completely uninhabited. At first he was used as a place of parking ships, and then began to colonize, in the process of which several times changed his owners. Today is the sovereign republic with a multicultural and multilingual population. Most of the population is worked in agriculture and tourism. In recent years, the island has become popular with Russian tourists who come here in search of pristine nature and an authentic atmosphere.

Zanzibar

Island from poems about Aibolita is off the coast of Tanzania. Zanzibar He has two main attractions - a stone city with its charming houses, old bazaars and courtyards and snow-white sandy beaches.

Praslin

This island of the Seychelles archipelago is the only place in the world where the sea coconut is growing. On the island there is a National Natural Park, there are excellent space for scuba diving, good restaurants and modest hotels. Beach Pricesil - This is a turquoise shallow water and small, like flour, bright white sand.

Unique natural objects - Madagascar Island. Mount Rouvenzori in Congo. Canary Islands.

02/20/2017 / 10:06 | Varvara Pokrovskaya

Madagascar Island

The largest island of the Indian Ocean - Madagascar - geographers are often called the "miniature". This is also explained, firstly, the extraordinary diversity of its landscapes, and secondly, a peculiar animal and a floral world, distinguishing him from nearby Africa, and from other parts of the world.

The combination of wet rainforests, highly harvested savannes and even semi-deserts, mountain ranges, flatbed and coastal plains, extinct volcanoes and coral reefs, swampy lagoons and mangroves, monsoon and trade winds causes existence on the island of various landscapes, and Madagascar's animals and plants, three The quarters of which are found only here, are not at all similar to African, and if they have relatives, it is usually in Indochier and Indonesia, but in South America.

Madagascar is a mountainous country. Almost half of it occupies a high plateau, stretching through the whole island from north to south. On the eastern shore, where the trade winds bring moisture from the Indian Ocean, rains, raw and abundant, go almost every day. Due to the accompanying strong wind, the rave jets are directed almost horizontally, and no umbrellas and canopies are saved. Strictly speaking, here is distinguished by a wet season and dry. But the last, ongoing from May to November, is only distinguished by the fact that occasionally occasionally occasionally and without precipitation. In July, in the midst of winter, the thermometer shows a plus sixteen, and in February the temperature reaches thirty-four degrees.

On steep slopes of the plateau, evergreen forests are growing from ferns, tamarind, palm trees and other tropical trees, liar and decorated with bright orchids. In these forests there are a lot of valuable trees. In different types of rosasanders, for example, wood is a purple, pink and even black. There are also rubberos. And from the resin of the digging tree produced varnish.

But from all Madagascar trees, the most famous was equal. It looks like a banana, only the banana leaves grow straight from the ground, and Ravenaly has a real trunk, from the top of which diverge, like a wheel spokes, huge leaves, torn to the wind along the edges. Where the cuttings of the leaves are collected to the trunk, there are special containers containing several liters of water. Having met Raveal, the tired traveler can always quench thirst. No wonder it is called the "Tour of Travelers". Unique Liana Madagascar. The pod of one of them, the liana entad, reaches two meters in length and one and a half-width! Several such pods split in half, perfectly serve as the roof for the hut. From Lian make ropes, baskets and mats roll. And of some, especially durable, build at home, as they are the only plants on the island that the termites do not touch.

In the West, where the mountains do not miss the rainclouds, reigns savanna, and in some places, in the south is a hot semi-desert, because the sediments are rare here and fall only in winter. In the dry season, no moisture drops, and the temperature rises to the forty degrees! Forests in the West are found only in the valleys of rivers, and Savannah threaten a tough, like a brush, grass, and only some small baobabs and fan palm trees. Trees in the western part of the island for the winter are discarded by leaves, so as not to evaporate moisture in a dry.

The animal world of Madagascar on originality can be compared only with Australian. The main treasure of the fauna island is, of course, lemurs. These funny animals resembling a mix of a monkey with a cat, dwell in the forests and lead a nightlife. They have big, glowing in the darkness of the eyes and a shrill voice, resembling a capricious cry of a child.

The largest of Lemors - Indri. They are easily tamed, and residents of the island - Malgashi - often use them on the hunt instead of dogs. Another genus lemur, with a fox head and a long tail, are poppies. They are very lively and movable, hold by flocks and often come across the eyes in the evenings, when they jump in the trees in search of delicious fruits. The complete opposite of them is fat Laurie. This clumsy and clumsy kid slowly, as if the Australian Koala. Also is also interesting, or a rovonozka, - evil flat lemur with huge ears and a long tail. He lives in bamboo forests, the core of a bamboo and sugar cane feeds, does not happen also beetles and larvae. The contents of bamboo and cane are easily removed by their long fingers. This farm is very afraid of light. As soon as the sun rises, he falls asleep, stuck his head between the legs and having wrapped it with his long tail.

Malgashi consider lemurs with sacred animals. There is a legend that once for a long time they were people, and then, living in the forest, covered wool and turned into animals. Meeting Lemur in the forest, hunters always politely greet him, and randomly in the drone animals will certainly free and produce on the will.

Of the predators on the island, only the reddish-black phoss - a choron cat is found. She with a big dog, but increasingly small, as her paws are short. Malgashi is very afraid of fosss. About her bloodthirstiness and strength walks quite a few legends and hunting stories.

It is found in Madagascar and the Mongoose - the main fighter of the snake. And in the mountain forests there are a foolish and timid eared hedgehogs - Tenrex. These are pretty large (from the rabbit) the animals go out of their norm only at dusk and businessly accepted to look for food - small insects. In winter, they fall into the hibernation.

Yaps and an unusual Madagascar bird world. There are green parrots, bright red cardinals, blue pigeons and kingfisher, sultan chickens, ibis and ceshards. Once on the island lived huge, similar to giant casuars, poultry epiornis. The growth of these giants reached five meters! They died out quite recently, since Marko Polo mentioned them in his book. Yes, and later, in the XVIII century, sailors who swam to the island, heard the screams of these birds. The giant epiornis egg in volume was 150 ostrich. Malgashi did from them vessels who accommodate eight liters of water.

There are no poisonous snakes in Madagascar, and the only truly dangerous animals here are crocodiles. They are literally sisha and lake island.

And in European collectors, amazing butterfly of Madagascar uses special honor. Goliaph is the largest of them - it is not difficult for the bird. This is a brown butterfly with a pink abdomen. Surprisingly picturesque uranium, rightly considered the most beautiful butterfly in the world. Her wings shifts, it seems, all possible paints. Amazes a bizarre pattern on the wings and butterfly of Madagascar.

A lot on the island of chameleons of various sizes. Due to the unattractive appearance, Malgashi consider them evil and harmful creatures, although in fact they bring great benefits, exterminating flies and other binding insects. Chameleon, in fact, a relative of lizards, but the nature of his nature clearly united him. Sometimes it seems that in the veins it is not blood, and carbonate glue - so the driving movements. And only the Khameleon language lightningly is thrown forward when the extraction will be within reach. Khmeleon is known primarily by its extraordinary ability to change the color of the surrounding background, which makes it completely imperceptible in the forest.

Unusual animals and plants Madagascar are widely known, but there is in the west of his amazing place, about the nature of which even the inhabitants of the island are known. This is a Bimaraha plateau located in the manambololo river basin near the coast of the Mozambique Strait. It is amazingly everything: fantastic relief, animals and plants, here preserved, maybe the last untouched corner of the wildlife of Madagascar.

The limestone Plateau Bemaraha rises 400 meters above the Manambolo Valley. The river cut through a grandiose gorge with white layered walls. And around the gorge spread ... Stone Forest! The rocky ridges are bizarked by karst processes - carries - they were solenitized by thousands of sharp peaks, between which the water did deep gaps, and each boulder turned into a sharp jagged sword. A huge rocky maze practically impass: limestone towers and walls, overgrown with spines, formed a network of natural bastions throughout the plateau, reliably defending his empty.

The Bemerach area is poor with precipitation: the dry season lasts here until eight months. And in fractured limestones, even the moisture is quickly leaving, which rare rains brought, so only well-adapted to drought the plant can survive here. Ebony, for example, green only in the rain period, and the rest of the time is naked, saving water. And Baobab, on the contrary, sails water in its cord and powerful, up to nine meters in thickness, trunk, and thanks to this survive in the dry season.

Fancy creatures inhabit the stone forest of Berach. This is a chameleon, resembling a small dragon or a dinosaur with his spiked spikes on the ridge and pointed cones on the head. There is also a peculiar Madagascar rat with big ears. If you do not notice a long tail, it can be taken for rabbit. And on the trees that grew up in Rasseks rocks, travels lives and poppies, liven up a deserted rocky landscape with his funny jumps and shrill cries.

The rocks of the remains formed by karst processes are also found in other places in the world, for example, in the Chinese district of Cinlin or in Ha Long Bay in Vietnam. But there these limestone pillars and towers always have a rounded or flat vertex. And only here, at Madagascar, there was such an amazing pointed stone forest. The attractiveness of this corner is also in the fact that in the depths of the plateau still did not have visited by any person, and what discoveries are waiting for scientists there, you can only guess. Madagascar's nature keeps even a lot of secrets, which will open only to inventive travelers who managed to overcome all the difficulties arising from the pioneers of the mountains, jungle and mysterious rock maze of this unique island.

Mount Rouvenzori

Between the Central African Lakes, Edward and Albert, where the equator line crosses the border of Congo and Uganda, is one of the most mysterious mountainous arrays of our planet - Mount Rouvenzori.

Until 1888, they did not see any European. Yes, and after the famous traveler Henry Stanley opened them for science, few managed to admire their sparkling snowy peaks. The fact is that three hundred days in the year the Massif Ruvenzori is closed by the clouds, and in the remaining two months it will only be on the sun on dawn or at sunset the eyes of travelers passing from his foot.

When in 1906, the Italian expedition was the first card of these places, it turned out that stretched one hundred and twenty kilometers from the northeast to the southwest of Mount Rouvenzori - the highest mountain range in Africa. The whole nine vertices rise more than four kilometers, and the highest of them - the peak of Margherita - reaches five thousand hundred meters and is the third highest on the continent. (After lonely south of Ruvenzori Volumanjaro volcano and Mount Kenya.)

European and Arab geographers since the time of Ptolemy wrote about the existence in the center of Africa mysterious lunar mountains. It was believed that it was the origins of the Nile that. However, it took almost two thousand years to confirm this assumption. And in the 20th century, five well-equipped expeditions who visited Lakes Albert and Eduard could not find Ruvenzori, although it would seem, it would be no more difficult with such a distance than notice the Eiffel Tower from the Seine's embankment. Dense clouds prevented, fully hidden a gigantic mountain range from researchers.

And only persistence, patience and observation Stanley allowed him from the third attempt (!) Open, finally, elusive ridge. This is how he himself describes this "hunt for Ruvenzori":

"... Returning from Lake Albert in December 1887, we suddenly noticed that there were two huge truncated cones to the south of us on the horizon. It seemed to us that their height should be from three to four kilometers. We dubbed them with" twins "and strongly They became interested, believing that next door to them should be a very picturesque area.

Returning to the lake in April 1888, we did not see "twins", but on May 25, when we moved away from the lake for two ways, our eyes suddenly appeared an outstanding snow-white mountain, with a central array of kilometers a fifty-length; On both sides of this mountain, two chains of mountains stretched, a kilometer for one and a half below it. That day all this was seen several hours in a row. But on the other day the vision disappeared, there were no traces, nor "twins" nor the snow ridge.

Returning to Albert for the third time, in January 1889, we stopped in a local village for two and a half months, but did not see anything for all this time. However, one day, as usual, looking at the place where it was to be a snowy ridge, we waited for: all the mountain chains once performed because of their cloud cover, and dozens of eyes of the eye greedily dug into this wondrous sight.

The upper part of the ridge, clearly divided into a plurality of pyramidal peaks, cocked by a wide band of milk-white fog, against the background of the blue heavens of extraordinary purity and transparency seemed like floating in the air, like the "island of bliss, worn between heaven and earth, which The old legend narrates. As the sun kneaded to the west, the foggy belt disappeared, and the ghostly vision was attached to the chain of the mighty prevails. Although we were for a hundred kilometers from the mountains, the binoculars could be seen a strip of forests and individual wood groups that are growing on a wide ledity, then around the edges of some cliffs who hung over a deep precipice. I thought it should be, and there are those lunar mountains, which once wrote Ptolemy.

It should be thought that the transparency of the atmosphere is a rare phenomenon in the local locality, and if we were here in a passion, like other travelers, then, in all likelihood, Ruvenzori would still remain in the unknown. "

By the way, the current Smelly River in the foot of these "lunar mountains" in Lake Albert, as well as the main source of Nile - Victoria-Neil. Hence, already under the name Albert Neil, the future great river is in a hurry to the north, to meet with blue Neil. So ancient geographers were right: one of the sources of Nile is indeed in this mountain range.

Unlike Kilimanjaro and Kenya, Rovevenzori Mountain - not volcanic origin. This is a huge granite block ascended by four kilometers upwards along the gigantic fault of the earth's crust, referred to as the geologists of the Great African Rift. Through the line of this arcuate break, the long and deep African lakes of Nyasa, Tanganyik, Kivu, Edward and Albert are located, and the mountain chains of Kitenger, Malimba, Marunga and Mitumba, as well as the cones of Saputiva and Carisimby volcanoes, are racing.

In the language of the people living here, Barkong Rovevenzori means "Creator of Rain". Indeed, a high mountain range is a mighty obstacle on the path of winds bringing moisture from the pool of a full-flowed Congo. Lifting up the slopes of Ruvenzori, the wet air is cooled and the clouds spilling with rains almost every day appear.

The foot of Ruvenzori stretches extensive savannahs, overgrown with high two-meter elephant grass. Here raw buffaloes, elephants and rhino, the herds of antelope, giraffes and zebras graze here and hunt the grace of cheetahs, lions and hyenas.

From a height of two kilometers, lush rainforest begins, where, in addition to the usual forest inhabitants of equatorial Africa, there are also rare animals, as a packed bone spike when climbing on the trees on the trees, or Ruvenzor extender, unlike Your parents preferring to live in rivers and streams and having a refill on the paws.

A huge capal widdle is found here and almost a half meters long, and forest boar is the largest of those inhabiting in Africa. This meter growth of the beast weighs up to one hundred sixty kilograms, and the hunt for it is not a safe occupation. But the most unusual appearance has a three-legged chameleon who lives on Ruvenzori. Suverval blacks are afraid of him, considering the messenger of misfortune.

In the caves and dupes, trees live the biggest bats in the world - volatile dogs - with a scope of the wings more than a meter. And from dangerous predators, only a leopard is closed high in mountain forests, leaving the numerous monkeys inhabiting these places.

From three to three and a half kilometers on the slopes of Rouvenzori, there is a belt of strange in appearance of semi-world semi-walkers, thickly hung with lichens. They are formed by thickets of tree heath, reaching a monstrous magnitude in this wet and hot atmosphere. It all grows to gigantic sizes in general: both the grass, and flowers, and fern. Even the rainworms on Rouvenzori thick in the finger, but a length of meter and more.

Even above, the zone of mountain meadows extends, where the traveler is waiting for a meeting with the main decoration of this fantastic botanical kingdom. The modest flowers of the Senecia (cross), reaching the heights of twenty-thirty centimeters, become true five-meter trees here, hitting the fancy of their black barrel-hardware, topped with a beam of half-meter leaves.

The modest northern lobelia, which turned on the slopes of Ruvenzori in the gigantic green rosette lying on Earth, is reached here and a giant green rosette, from which a two-meter-like, similar to a candle of inflorescence.

These amazing imagination, no matter how similar vegetable giants rise among the green meadows, destroyed by blooming violets, cuffs and lilies, and in places lively by mighty thickets of two-meter horsages.

A similar landscape resembling shots from films about the conquest of alien worlds can be found only in two places on Earth - on the slopes of Kenya and Kilimanjaro.

Having rising still on Polkilometer, the traveler turns out to be above the strip of solid cloudiness. The bright sun floats with its rays completely unusual for Africa alpine landscape, as if transferred here from somewhere with Mont Blanc. Up to the top - from the glacial circles toothed ridges, sharp pyramidal peaks, sparkling virgin white snowfields and bluish glacier and glacier languages. Below are the valleys and countless mirrors of small and large glacial lakes, which are fused by the glaciers deep and large glacial lakes, which reflect the cordless "candelabra" of giant sneezing and slender "candles" of the Giant Lobelia, perfectly complementing this pictorial landscape.

Eternal snow and glaciers of the highest vertices Ruvenzori nourish many quick streams with cold transparent water. Merging, they form a little lower, in a forest belt, rapid noisy rivers, rushing down the steep thresholds and rolling through the bottom of the stone fragments. Such watercourses are able to cut deep into the slopes of the mountain massif. The gorge depth to a kilometer is dismembered by Ruvenzori's slopes into many separate blocks, giving the ridge ribbed appearance. From the western side, where the array is breaking to the valley of the steep cliff, the rivers will overthrow down on the plain by foaming jets of waterfalls height in three hundred and four hundred meters.

However, to admire all this beauty, you will have to climb almost four kilometers. From the bottom it risks at all not to see the mountains through the cloud raincoat, in which Rovenzori is wounded. But the difficulties of the lift are instantly forgotten when the gaze of the traveler opens the majestic panorama of the transcendent ridge covered by eternal snow.

At one time, Stanley described the senses of man who saw Ruvenzori:

"It happens that half an hour before the sunset the wind drives the clouds, and then one peak after another appears in the blue sky, one by the other are exposed to powerful peaks, snow-white fields and all the wavy threshing shines in full with his magnificence, until twilight and dark night are not thickened Cook her even darker tent.

These short - too short - minutes when you look at the magnificent "Creator of the rain", as they call their hill-baked mountains, fill the viewer with such a feeling as if he looked at the holes. "

Canary Islands

To the west of the shores of Morocco in the Atlantic Ocean stretched out on four hundred fifty kilometers from the west to the east of the ridge from the seven volcanic islands. This archipelago, friendly, picturesque and metropolitan, with ancient times are called the Canary Islands. This is not too pleasant name (Canis in Latin - "Dog") gave the islands of the famous Roman scientist Pliny Senior, who argued that there were vast dogs on them. Later it turned out that the great natural scientist was wrong, but the name had already gothes. And although the fertile islands at the coast of Africa were given at different times many other, more romantic names: "Islands of Eternal Spring", "Enchanted Islands", "Islands of Blessed", "Elysee Fields" and even "Gardens Heperd", nevertheless on maps These islands still remain under the first "dog" title.

The populated and mastered people five thousand years ago, the archipelago became known to the Phoenicians in the XI century BC. A thousand years later, Romans landed here, and in the XIV century, Spanish caravels appeared off the coast of the islands. After a hundred years, breaking the resistance of local Guangchi residents, Spain finally seen the archipelago, and until now they belong to her.

It is clear that for five hundred years of the economic development of the Canary Islands of the Spaniards, the nature of the archipelago in many respects changed, fortunately, many of the islands because of the mining relief were uncomfortable to create plantations, and their flora and fauna suffered not so much.

The most famous, the largest and most noticeable (in the literal sense of the word) island on Canary - Tenerife. His main attraction - towering for three thousand seven hundred meters above sea level Tadeid - visible from swimming ships almost two hundred kilometers.

The vague outlines of a huge mountain, then appearing, which disappearing in a translucent smoke of the morning mist, was acted on the imagination of the navigators for an old time. Pick Teide admired Columbus and Cook, Bellinshausen and Humboldt. And in January 1832, the English ship "Beagle" approached the shores of the archipelago, which went to his famous world tour of the young naturalist and the future creator of the Theory of the Evolution of Charles Darwin. This is what he recorded in his diary:

"The sixth of January we reached Tenerif ... The next morning we saw the sun, seemingly because of the bizarre rocks of the Grankanaria Islands, suddenly the Tenerife peak was illuminated, meanwhile, as the low parts of the island were still hiding behind curly clouds. That was the first of those amazing days I never forget ".

The first well-known eruption of Tadeid volcano occurred in 1492, just a year to visit Tenerife Columbus. The volcano then showed his activity more than once: he was eruption occurred in 1706 and 1909. The funicular allows the traveler at our time without difficulty climbing the crater eyebrows and look into the black and dark volcanic hollow, on the edge of which a young cone rose in 1909.

The cobster, which is the expressive name of Caldera de Las Canyadas ("Caldera's Propasters"), is striking the fancy forms of streams of frozen lava and minerals of a wide variety of colors, among which Tahinastes flowers are rising there, similar to huge candles.

Although most of the island has long been converted by the Spaniards in banana plantations and orange groves, in the northeast of Tenerife, near his capital of Santa Cruz, a large forest array has been preserved, which occupies the mountainside off the coast. In the dry and hot climate, Canar this thick, a gloomy and cool forest, in which the Canary Pines, Lavra and such native native birchs are growing side by side, seems to be a green oasis next to the hot beaches and dry stony slopes Tadeid. At the edge of the forest, the mountain road serpentine brings to an open area, to a high coastal rock - Pico de Ingles. From her kilometer height, the traveler overlooks the endless ocean gave and golden beaches, high rocks and green coast groves.

If Tenerife with its soft and warm climate is called "Eternal Spring Island", then the most east of the Canary Islands, Lanzarote, will fairly be called "the island of fire-haired mountains." On this small island, a length of sixty and width of fifteen kilometers, nature collected whole three hundred volcanoes together!

The last time the eruption on the island happened in 1824. Then, along the intersecting island, the fracture line alone arose and began to throw away the ashes and lava at once three volcanoes: Tao, Tinguateon and Negro. But this terrible picture did not go to any comparison with a fiery storm, which raged on Lanzarote hundred years earlier. In the fall of 1730, thirty craters simultaneously began to explore the hot ashes and the rivers of the liquid lava, the seam death and emptying in the vicinity. The monstrous eruption lasted as many as six years and covered with a gray lifeless case of Basalt, a third of the territory of the island.

The local priest was then detailed records of what is happening. Here is an excerpt from this peculiar "chronicle of fire years":

"Near Timemenfaya, the land was split and a huge fire-haired mountain has grown. The formidable performance lasted three weeks. After another crater, other crater opened and spilled out Lava, who burned the villages of Timenfia, Rodeo and Mancha-Blanca. The sixth of September is a high rock, rejecting the lava flow, changed him The direction from the north to the north-west. This led to the death of Sellius Marietes and Santa Catalina. New fiery rafts opened. The Liquid Laba flooded the city of Maso, and after six days it reached the shore and with a roar poured into the sea, scattering horrendously wonderful cascades Spark ... "

After such a long-lasting fiery element, the look of the island has changed completely. Fields and vineyards, the richest villages were destroyed. The center of the island has grown the gloomy ridge of volcanic cones, resembling lunar mountains.

Nowadays, the entire central and western part of Lanzarote residents are not different as Mal-Pass ("bad country"). Dark paint dominates here, here you will not hear a bird singing, here it snaps over the lifeless valley of the Grozny Volcanic Ridge Montagina-del Fuego ("Fire Mountains"). The landscape of these places produces a strong impression: destroyed volcanic cones, iscin-black ashes, oxidized by volcanic heat rusty-red walls of craters and mountains of gray slag ...

They gap huge across, but no crater smokes, do not breathe fire. Neither the single cloud of steam or smoke is not rising above Montagnia del Fuego. But it is completely shallow under the outer layer of volcanic rocks, there is still a sip of the fear of volcanoes, and the traveler who fell on Lanzarote can easily be convinced of this.

On the crest of one of the craters, an enterprising Canna arranged a restaurant, where the floor plates are hot to the touch, and the scrambled eggs fries, putting the frying pan right on a bunch of volcanic sand. For fun, the owner of the institution throws twigs to the two-meter yam. Does not go and minutes, how the fire flared up there. And nearby you can admire the man-made geyser. It is enough to pour the water bucket into the tube into the ground into the ground, as almost immediately, steam is broken out of it, and then a jet of boiling water, whipping at four-meter height.

Lanzarote journey is easy to make a bus, but more interesting to do it with a riding camel. The road laid through the national park created here leads to a frozen lava lance to a long chain of craters bordered by piles and frozen lavva fonts, which are called "Hornitos".

But still the main attraction of the volcanic island is Caveva de Los Verdes. This largest lava cave extended six kilometers. Some rooms reach it fifteen meters in height and twenty-four - in width. In one of them, even a concert hall is arranged.

The cave is located in the north of the island, under the lava fields of the crown volcano. The river of the molten basalalt continued to flow under the cooled and hardened outer layer of Lava from the side crater crown down the slope straight into the sea, forming a natural tunnel with fancy wall shapes and roofs. With Plateau Mal Pass, a narrow track leads a traveler to a gloomy deep failure. For a high dark inlet, she first runs along the tunnel heading to the sea, then turns to the west to a narrower move and reaches the deepest part of the cave located at forty-meters below the surface.

On the entire path of the tourist accompanies the uncompanic electronic music, reminiscent of the ringing of glass droplets. The searchlights illuminate the transitions and halls, high-colored vaults and hanging lava poles are illuminated - peculiar volcanic stalactites, which discard intricate shadows.

The cave has two tiers, and the top is wider and spacious. After several lifts and descents, the traveler finally enters the concert hall. The impression of underground music surpasses all expectations: after all, the porous walls of the lava cave create perfect acoustics.

On the way back the tourist will meet a small lake from the walkway, filled with sea water, leaking through the cracks. Little crabs live in the underground reservoir, which became absolutely white in the cave dark. And in a wide funnel at the exit from the mysterious cavity, which fall from above the rays of the sun, you can sit in a cozy cafe, reflecting on the terrible cataclysms that created this unusual underground volcanic world.

Other major islands of the Canary Archipelago - Grand Canaria, Fuerteventura and Palma - little kept from their original nature. The first one of them is the kingdom of hotels and beaches, the second efforts of people became almost flavored, and his landscape is not happy with the traveler's eyes. As for the island of Palma, he suffered greatly from what happened most recently, in 1971, eruption.

But the small mountainous island of Homer, located south of Tenerife, almost never changed since the times of Spanish conquest. There is no airport here, and most tourists come here only on excursions.

Over the island, a mighty Mighty Mountain Array of Gararyon is towers on one and a half kilometers. From him rays disagree to the coast of six deep gorges. Two thirds of the entire territory of the island of Homer is covered with virgin forests from Lavra, Wisch and tree heather. The laurel forests growing on the northern slopes are presented. Covered with magnificent fringe mises and lichens, huge trees look "fluffy", and a solid carpet of ferns complements the primitive look of these ancient forests, millions of years ago covering the extensive territories of the Mediterranean and North Africa.

In the laurel forests there are rare and cautious Canary pigeons, outstanding themselves only with gentle stacking, as well as the most famous feathered inhabitants of the islands - canary, whose singing is heard from all sides.

Once the Guangchi lived on Homer - the indigenous people of the archipelago, which appeared here thousands of years before our era. Highly crossed hard-rope island relief forced them to develop a unique way to communicate. Being on opposite sides of the gorge, Guangchi could talk in a special language of whistle - Silbo. This unique language allowed to transfer messages to a kilometer.

A similar unusual language was found on our planet only in one place - in one of the mountainous villages of Turkey. Silbo has been preserved to the present day, and you can hear on Gomer and now hear how two shepherds are overwhelmed through the canyon, negotiating a meeting or transferring news.

Another object of the pride of the Homerstsev is no longer to the botanic or linguistics, but to history. Here more often than on other islands of the archipelago, the Great Columbus was. From 1492 to 1502, he visited the Gomer Island of the whole four times, the reason for which, according to his romantic passion for the local beauty of the Marquis Monya. The house where the navigator stopped, now became the Museum of Columbus. She visited the island on the way to America and the future conqueror of the Aztec Empire Konkistador Hernan Cortes.

Inspect the island is an interesting is interesting not only on foot or riding, but also from the sea. From board boats, you can see the main miracle of the Homer coast - the rock of the Los Organism. This is a cool wall consisting of thousands of hexagon basalt columns, rising from sea waves, like a giant organ pipe.

The abundance of the sun and heat on the canaars is not that comes, but requires from time to change the situation. And in search of diversity every year to half a million tourists pass through the shady forest roads of the island of Homer. Nevertheless, it has also survived a lot of untouched corners, and this quieter and green island remains a true oasis of the unchanged nature of the Canary Archipelago.

The traveler who visited the Canarians will certainly tell his friends to climb on Tadeid's peak and stunning species opening out from there on the expanses of the Atlantic, about the paled underground fire of Cueva de Los Verdes tunnels, about Montagyan Fuego's terrible craters and a mysterious island with a beautiful The name of Homer ...

Amorphofallaus Titanic | LAT. Amorphophallus Titanum
("Plates")

Kingdom - plants;
Department - coated bridge;
Class - monocycle;
Order - freacker;
Family - Aoid;
Rod - Amorphofallaus;
View - Amorphofalus Titanic.

The largest flower in the world is called Amorphophallus Titanum (Amorphophallus Titanum).
This giant flower comes from the forests of Sumatra Island. Its dimensions are impressive - the height of the plant can be more than 2.5 meters, the length of the sheet is up to five meters.
Underground large-sized tube and can reach fifty kilograms.
The biggest flower in the world was opened in 1878, there is a few names - the devilish language, a body flower, Voodoo Lilia, Snake Palma, Palma - an umbrella, leopard palm and others.
In the homeland of the plant, in Indonesia and Sumatra, he is called "Bunga Bangkai", which literally means the "flower of the corpse."
It lives this amazing plant to forty years, while it blooms only three - four times.
Blossom continues up to two weeks, while the concrete plant is heated to forty degrees. At the same time, the flower makes a strong "aroma" of rotten eggs and rotting fish, thus attracting insects for their pollination.
Initially, Amorfophallus Titanic grew only in the forests of the Indonesian island of Sumatra, however, people who came there almost destroyed him. Now this rare flower is divorced mainly in greenhouse conditions in the Botanical Gardens of the world. \\

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Socotra is a small archipelago of four islands in the Indian Ocean. Because of his landscape, the island is called the unique place on Earth, another such place is not found. It is enough to look at the photos to understand that the local nature is unique. We have already written in our releases about many unusual places, but the source goes far beyond the usual concepts that such an unusual place. And we continue our series of articles on interesting places of the planet Earth. We have already talked about the most mysterious places on Earth, now visit the most unusual places. Socotra Island is unusual primarily as its landscape, it can be taken for the scenery for the film about some extraterrestrial civilization, but believe me, such beauty really exists. Everything else is one of the most isolated places on the planet. Because of this location, a third of the Sokotra plants are endemic, they can not be found anywhere else on the planet. Finish for a few seconds, which happened a miracle and you suddenly suddenly woke up on this island. The first thing that will come to your head - you went crazy, either hit another planet, or plunged completely into another ERU of the history of the Earth. The last option is the most believable in the case of Socotra, geographically isolated from Africa for 6 million years. The island is replete with extremely rare varieties of flora and fauna, which are about seven hundreds here. Despite the sharp, hot and dry climate here is flourishing amazing vegetable life. Socotra Island is located 250 kilometers from Somalia and 340 from Yemen. Wide sandy beaches smoothly go to limestone plateau with a multitude of caves and mountains up to 1525 meters high. Socotra is translated from Sanskrit as the island of happiness. And with this, it is quite possible to agree - the crazy botanical charm is adjacent to the silence, insulation and huge quiet beaches. Let us move to the description of some unique plants and animal islands that are protected here with natural insulation, and therefore some of them are preserved in the same way as 20 million years ago. Let's start with the Dracena Cinnibaris - a tree called the blood of the dragon, the source of valuable resin for varnishes, paints, and medicine. Dragon's blood resin was also used in the medieval ritual magic and alchemy. These trees are expanding to the sky, and a lot of flying plates are reminded ... From above, they look like huge mushrooms: there is also a desert rose (adenium obesium) - a plant similar to blooming Elephant's leg: Dorstenia Giga - do not require any soil and immerses its roots directly into a naked rock: among the interesting plants of Socotra - a strange and extremely rare cucumber tree (Dendrosicyos Socotranum). Despite the fact that the population of the island is approximately 40,000 inhabitants, the Yemen government built here the first roads only 2 years ago - after negotiations with UNESCO, which declared the Socoter of the world heritage site. This is a quiet and peace enclave among a restless world. If you decide

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Ambergris Kay (Belize) is the largest island from almost two hundred Belize Islands and the main place of attraction for many travelers, especially for dinner lovers. Kay means the "island", and the name "Ambergris" appeared due to large pieces of amber (product of the life of migratory whales), which used to be nailed to the local shore.

Tourist popularity came to the island relatively recently, so nature has kept the pristine beauty here, practically not touched by civilization.

The coastline of the island is protected by a barrier reef, without which this small piece of sushi in the ocean could not exist. The barrier reef serves as a natural waveness and, of course, the greatest attraction. Reef is located about two kilometers from the shore of the island. Surprisingly clean water separating the island from Reef provides countless opportunities for diving and snorkelling lovers. Immersion in dazzling turquoise ocean water is a fabulous journey among multi-colored coral canyons and underwater caves, observation of the life of marine inhabitants.

http://vk.com/tripdiary?z\u003dphoto-35238813_291690648%2fwall-35238813_7014

Sao Tome.
San Tome Island is the largest island in San Tome and Principe. This island, ()

Sao Tome.
San Tome Island is the largest island in San Tome and Principe. This island, whose locals spoke in Portuguese, borders with the equator (the west coast of Central Africa). There is no big influx of tourists, so travelers can enjoy a secluded holiday.