It turned out to be a surprisingly fine November day, it was a sin not to take advantage of such a chance, and we headed to Podolsk to look at the estates. Strictly speaking, not all Podolsk estates de jure can be attributed to Podolsk, because the city itself is now surrounded by New Moscow, and the estates located in close proximity to Podolsk have now passed to Moscow. Having visited 4 estates, we crossed the border of Podolsk and Moscow several times. I decided not to bother too much with the administrative affiliation of the territories and assign all 4 estates to Podolsk. Although, the administrative redistribution still had some influence on the fate of the estates.

2. The village of Polivanovo is located on the picturesque high bank of Pakhra.


The place is convenient for defense, so the first settlements on this site arose quite a long time ago - in the 12th century. The date was determined by scientists from ancient burials found on the territory of the village.
The lands around the village belonged to the Polivanov family, known since the time of Dmitry Donskoy and having Tatar Golden Horde roots. Hence the name of the village. The surname is not Tatar at all; I don’t know its origin. Like many other estates, Polivanovo changed its owners. But the names of the owners are well known in our country - these are the Apraksins, Saltykovs, Razumovskys, Davydovs, Dokhturovs, Gudovichs. But the estate began with the Polivanovs.
Construction began with the church. The first church was built in 1631 and was wooden. The stone temple was already built by Saltykov. But it didn’t survive either. The current Annunciation Church was built in the 1770s and 80s by the last Little Russian hetman, Kirill Grigoryevich Razumovsky, the younger brother of the favorite of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna. But it is not a fact that the count visited this estate of his; it was not his only one.

3.

4. Under Razumovsky, the church had two bell towers; they have not survived to our times; now there is only one bell tower, standing alone.

5. There are 4 altars in the church, but only two are currently in use.

6. It was not possible to get inside the church - it was closed.

At the church there was a small almshouse for 10-12 people. It was first mentioned in documents in 1822. Whether anything from the almshouse has survived, I can only guess, but next to the temple there are a couple of buildings that can lay claim to the title of successor to the almshouse.

7. There seemed to be a museum of the Polivanovo estate here - a branch of the museum of the Shchapovo estate. We even took tours of the estate. But with the transfer of the territory to Moscow, the museum was closed.

8. The clergy house. Here the first floor looks older than the second.

It's time to go to the territory of the estate itself. Now the estate is occupied by a branch of the Alekseev Clinical Psychiatric Hospital. The sign about such affiliation scares many people away, but the road to the hospital runs right through the territory of the hospital. cottage village, on which cars drive freely, so there is free passage there.

9. Main entrance facing Pakhra. Ionic portico flanked by two staircases.

10. Perhaps the author of the estate project was Vasily Bazhenov. The main house of the estate was completed under Razumovsky, who acquired the estate from the Saltykovs in 1757. At the corners of the rectangular building there are four towers, which give the house a resemblance to medieval castles. The towers contain stairs to the second floor.

The next owner of the estate was Count Andrei Ivanovich Gudovich, he got it as an inheritance; his father, Field Marshal General I.V. Gudovich, was married to Natalia Kirillovna, Razumovsky’s daughter. General A.I. Gudovich was a participant in the War of 1812, he served at the court in St. Petersburg, but he often visited Polivanovo and was buried here. The tombstone on the grave of Count A.I. Gudovich was found during the clearing of the church territory.

11. Concerns about the patients of the hospital were in vain. We walked around the estate for about 20 minutes, we didn’t come across a single person. Yes, and bars are present only on individual windows and on this balcony on the north side

After Gudovich, the mistress of the estate became the court adviser Dokhturova, probably a relative of the hero Patriotic War General Dokhturov.

12.


There is another building, a former outbuilding, but it was so heavily rebuilt that it was difficult to recognize it as a historical building, and I didn’t even take a photo of it.

In 1863, the estate was bought by the wife of the provincial secretary, Yulia Sergeevna Davydova. In 1871, a teacher’s seminary was opened in the almshouse building - something like a pedagogical school. At the turn of the 19th-20th centuries, in 1871, the next owner (landowner Yu.M. Davydova) leased the estate to the zemstvo, and until 1918, a teacher’s school and a teacher’s seminary were located in the estate house and outbuilding.
After the revolution, the manor house housed an agricultural technical school, a school, and then a tuberculosis hospital.

13. The territory of the estate is equipped like some kind of cultural park. There is a summer scene.

14. There is something like a fountain here.

15. Own greenhouses. It is possible that they are used for occupational therapy purposes.

16. And alleys of old linden trees, clearly planted before the revolution. There are also larches and silver poplars.

17. Between the manor park and the church there is a memorial with the graves of participants in the War of 1812. The bright yellow tree in the depths of the frame is a larch, the same age as the burial. Participants of the Second Patriotic War are also buried here.

18. On the opposite bank of Pakhra there is the Rodina sanatorium. The main building with quite estate architecture

19. And the places here are beautiful.

20. And mushrooms.

Podolsk estates
Polivanovo
Shchapovo
Ivanovskoe
Dubrovitsy

What to see:

Manor house, Annunciation Church, church clergy house, municipal museum, graves of soldiers of 1812 in the park, outbuilding.

How to get there:

Podolsky district. By car along Kaluga Highway: in the center of the village. Krasnaya Pakhra turn left at the traffic light following the sign for Krasnoye, before Shchapovo turn left.Or along the Simferopol or Varshavskoe highway, then at the 40th kilometer, turn right to Podolsk, drive through the city, Dubrovitsy, then get to Shchapovo, turn right onto Polivanovo.

By train: from Kursky railway station to the station Podolsk for about an hour, then bus. 24

Description

The Polivanovo estate is located on a hill overlooking the Pakhra River. The white manor house and the spire of the Annunciation Church are clearly visible against the background of the forest.

These lands are the ancestral patrimony of the Polivanovs, who descended from a Tatar who came from the Golden Horde during the time of Dmitry Donskoy. The estate was founded in the first third of the 17th century. After the Polivanovs, the Saltykovs owned the estate, but in 1757 they sold the estate to Count Alexei Razumovsky, the son of a Cossack, who became a favorite of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna.

Count Razumovsky is the last Little Russian hetman (1728 - 1803), the younger brother of Alexei Grigorievich, the favorite of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna. He came from a poor family and tended cattle as a boy. After studying abroad he was made a full chamberlain. In 1746 he was appointed president of the Imperial Academy of Sciences. By his order, a huge park (12 hectares) was built on the estate, two ponds were dug, alleys were built, including a fruit tree, and trees were planted.

From him Polivanovo passed to his brother Kirill, a student of the mathematician Euler, a handsome and smart man, who at the age of 18 became president of the Russian Academy of Sciences.Subsequently, the estate was owned by the Apraksins, Gudovichs, Dokhturovs and Davydovs.

Razumovsky allegedly ordered the construction of a new manor house (1780s) in the style of classicism to Vasily Bazhenov. The facades of the building were decorated with a white stone portico and loggia, and later, at the beginning of the 19th century, completely unusual round towers topped with domes were built on the corners of the house.

The Church of the Annunciation (1777-1779) had at least two predecessors. The first wooden church was erected here under the Polivanovs in 1631, and under the Saltykovs a stone one was built in another place.

The next owner (landowner Yu. M. Davydova) leased the estate to the zemstvo, and in 1871 - 1918. in the manor house and outbuilding there was a teacher's school and a teacher's seminary. In Soviet times, the manor house housed an agricultural technical school, then a school, and a bone-tuberculosis sanatorium.

Now the main house houses one of the branches of the Moscow Psychoneurological Hospital No. 1 (aka Kashchenko), so it’s better to be content with inspecting the building from the outside, and then go for a walk in the huge park, which was planned by Razumovsky.Polivanov Park has been cleared, tidied up and beautified.

To the side stands the recently restored Annunciation Church (1777-1779), the dome of which is topped with a spire.Currently, having survived the revolution, the Great Patriotic War and the era of oblivion, the Annunciation Church, which lost its bell tower, has been restored and is functioning.

Polivanovo Estate(Podolsky district, highway [A101]). Turning onto Krasnoe, proceed towards Shchapovo, and before reaching it, turn onto Polivanovo. The estate is located on a hill overlooking the whimsical bed of the Pakhra River. The white manor house is clearly visible. It dominates the wooded panorama of the area, differing from the neighboring “post-Soviet” holiday home “Rodina” (on the opposite bank of the river) by its noble forms and impeccable proportions. The Annunciation Church announces itself with a high spire...
These lands are the ancestral patrimony of the Polivanovs, who descended from a Tatar who came from the Golden Horde during the time of Dmitry Donskoy. After the Polivanovs, the estate was owned by the Saltykovs, Razumovskys, Apraksins, Gudovichs, Dokhturovs and Davydovs.

The Church of the Annunciation (1777-1779) had at least two predecessors. The first wooden church was erected here under the Polivanovs in 1631, and under the Saltykovs a stone one was built in another place. The brick and plastered Church of the Annunciation belongs to the centric type. The base, square in plan with rounded corners, carries a light quadrangle with beveled edges, resting on girth arches and internal pylons. The closed vault is completed with a spire. The exterior decoration of the building is solemn. The facades are decorated with pilaster porticoes with pediments, and on the west side, protruding beyond the red line, with columned ones. The decorative decoration is complemented by round second-light windows, graceful profile cornices and stucco garlands.
Upon completion of the temple, construction of the manor house began. The two-story brick and plastered building on a high plinth in the Classicist style is decorated from the courtyard side with a white stone portico of the Ionic order, and from the park side - a loggia with paired columns. This building stands out from the environment of similar buildings due to its unusual architectural and planning solution. At the corners of the house there are round towers covered with domes. In two of them (and if you look at the plan, then in one) there are stairs leading to the second floor. The facades of the building are divided in height by an interfloor cornice, the lower tier is lusciously rusticated, on the corner towers there are alternating smooth surfaces of rustication with a “fur coat” treatment, windows in frame niches.
Existing architectural ensemble developed under K.G. Razumovsky, and according to researchers belongs to the design of Vasily Bazhenov.
Count Razumovsky Kirill Grigorievich - the last Little Russian hetman (1728 - 1803), the younger brother of Alexei Grigorievich, the favorite of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna, rose to fame at the expense of his brother. He came from a poor family and tended cattle as a boy. After studying abroad he was made a full chamberlain. A trip to Italy and France completely transformed him: “he was good-looking,” Catherine writes about him, “with an original mind, very pleasant to deal with and incomparably superior to his brother in intelligence, who, however, was more generous and charitable than him.” At court, Cyril was adored. In 1746, he was appointed president of the Imperial Academy of Sciences - at the age of 18! Whether the count ever visited his Moscow region, I don’t know. By his order, a huge park (12 hectares) was built on the estate, two ponds were dug, alleys were built, including a fruit tree, and introduced trees (white poplar, Siberian larch) were planted.
Currently, having survived the revolution, the Great Patriotic War, and the era of oblivion, the Annunciation Church, which lost its bell tower, has been restored and is functioning. The main manor house after the war of 1941-1945. occupied by the bone tuberculosis hospital, and now a branch of the Moscow Psychoneurological Hospital named after. ON THE. Alekseeva. Although the building has not been renovated for a long time, one thing is good that it has not been abandoned to the mercy of fate.
Polivanov Park has been cleared, tidied up and beautified. For the first time we encountered such indifference of the population and summer residents to their habitat! Between the church and the house there is a burial place of soldiers from 1812, above which grow two mighty larches - the same age as the estate. Nearby is a monument to the soldiers of the Great Patriotic War.

Polivanovo Estate relates to historical and architectural monuments Moscow region. The lands of the estate are the ancestral patrimony of the Polivanov family. The Polivanovs were first mentioned during Dmitry Donskoy. The founder of the family is considered to be the steward V.A. Polivanov, a descendant of a Tatar who came from the Golden Horde. Over time, the estate changed its owners. Among the former owners of the estate are the Saltykovs, Apraksins, Razumovskys, Davydovs, Dokhturovs and Gudovichs.
The first owners of the village built here wooden church. The date of construction of the church and foundation of the estate is considered 1631. Construction of the central manor houses began after the construction of the church was completed. A two-story brick building was built in the style of classicism and is distinguished by its original layout and decoration. There is reason to believe that by the author the design of the estate was a prominent architect of that time Vasily Bazhenov. The estate acquired its final completeness and architectural integrity under K.G. Razumovsky.
Polivanovo Estate located on a hill rising above the bed of the Pakhra River. From a distance the white manor house is clearly visible. The building attracts attention among the wooded panorama, contrasting with the neighboring building of the post-Soviet period with its noble forms and impeccable proportions characteristic of classicism

Composition of the estate

manor house

Two-story brick building in the style of classicism built on a high hill. The facade from the courtyard side was decorated with a portico of the Ionic order made of white stone, and from the park side - a loggia with double columns. For such buildings the layout was not entirely unusual. At the corners of the house there are round towers, topped with domes. The surface of the towers alternates between smooth rusticated areas and areas treated to look like a fur coat. The two towers have internal staircases connecting the first and second floors. The floors are separated by a rusticated cornice, the windows are framed by framed niches.

Annunciation Church

U Annunciation Church there were at least two predecessors in its current guise. The first wooden church was erected here by the first owners of the estate, the Polyvanovs. in 1631, and under the Saltykovs they built a stone one. The church building, built in 1777-1779 years. Brick plastered Church of the Annunciation building belongs to the centric type. The square base with rounded corners carries a light quadrangle with beveled edges, resting on girth arches and internal pylons. Along the façade of the church there are pediments closed at the top porticoes decorated with pilasters. They give majesty to the appearance of the temple, and rounded windows and stucco garlands add sophistication to the outlines of the cornices. The closed vault is topped with a spire, visible from afar.
Annunciation Church was closed in 1930. The church's property was partially confiscated by the authorities and partially stolen. The church bell tower was blown up in 1934 and, unfortunately, not a single photograph of this structure has survived. For a long time there was a warehouse in the church building, then a club. In the 80s of the XX century an attempt was made to restore the temple, but a strong fire that occurred in 1988 year, destroyed everything that was still intact. The restoration of the temple was stopped, and until 1996 For years the temple stood without windows, doors or roof.
IN 1991 year a church church was registered at the temple community, and since 1996, simultaneously with the restoration, regular services began.
In the iconostasis of the right Alexievsky chapel there is a revered shrine of the temple - icon of St. Alexis, a man of God, with a particle of his relics.
There is a children's Sunday school at the church.

Memorial Park

Between the estate building and the Church of the Annunciation there is a park in which participants in the War of 1812 were buried in the 19th century. Two mighty larches grow above the burial - the same age as the estate. Nearby is a monument to the soldiers of the Great Patriotic War.

Polivanovo estate in the XX-XXI centuries

At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, in 1871, the next owner (landowner Yu. M. Davydova) leased the estate to the zemstvo, and until 1918, a teacher’s school and a teacher’s seminary were located in the estate house and outbuilding.
The years of revolution did not pass without a trace for the Polivanovo estate. In Soviet times, the manor house housed an agricultural technical school, then a school. After the end of the war, the main manor house was occupied by a bone and tuberculosis hospital. Currently, in the main manor house there is a branch of the Moscow Psychoneurological Hospital named after. ON THE. Alekseeva. Despite the fact that the main house of the estate is now “an abode of sorrow and mental illness,” the entrance to the territory is open.

Therefore, I’ll start with another estate - Shchapovo (Alexandrovo-Shchapovo).
Alexandrovo is one of the oldest settlements Podolsk region, known since the reign of Ivan the Terrible.

The history of the estate is associated with such surnames as the Morozovs, Golitsyns, Grushetskys, Arsenyevs, Shchapovs.

The most prominent owners were Boris Ivanovich Morozov, who became the guardian and actually ruled the state for the first three years of the reign of little Alexei Mikhailovich.

Gleb Ivanovich Morozov is the husband of the famous schismatic boyaryne Feodosia Prokofievna, immortalized in the painting by V. I. Surikov “Boyaryne Morozova”.

Ivan Matveevich Muravyov-Apostol - famous writer, scientist, diplomat and father of four daughters and three sons - the future Decembrists Matvey, Sergei and Ippolit.

The estate reached its greatest prosperity under Vasily Vladimirovich Grushetsky.

In 1779, instead of a wooden one, he built a stone Church of the Assumption of the Virgin. At various times it was used as a church, a fertilizer warehouse, a dormitory for state farm employees, a tractor workshop, concert hall organ music, again like church.

From the same times, several trees have been preserved - oaks and maples.

It is connected with Grushetsky modern layout that has survived to this day: a linden park with three cascading ponds and a stream, the site of a manor house built away from the church behind a shallow river, a stone bridge.

The new period in the life of the estate is associated with the activities of the Moscow entrepreneur, co-owner of the factory and trading house “Brothers Peter and Ilya Shchapov,” hereditary honorary citizen I. V. Shchapov.

Having significant funds at his disposal, Ilya Vasilyevich retired and settled in his new estate - Alexandrovo.

For himself and his wife, he built a new manor house (from half of the 18th century to the end of the 19th century), presumably according to the design of the architect F. O. Shekhtel. It is interesting that from the central alley of the estate it looks completely nondescript.

But on the other side (the same one where centuries-old trees have been preserved) it is very interesting. The first floor is stone, more ancient. The second is wooden, in the Russian style that was widespread at that time: without columns, but with a wooden turret topped with a tent.

Other buildings from those times have survived to this day.

Manager's house, beginning 20th century

Coach house and stables. 19th century

Staff House, 19-beg. 20th centuries

Shchapov turned out to be not only a good owner, but a philanthropist and philanthropist. He restored the church, added a wooden outbuilding to it and set up an almshouse for homeless old women in it. Ivan Vasilyevich began to invest part of the money earned from producing fabrics in the education of peasant children: first, an elementary two-year parochial school for boys was opened, and then a lace school for girls (the girls were taught not only crafts, but also reading, writing, and arithmetic).

In 1895, Shchapov also founded an agricultural school on the estate. It opened after the death of the benefactor in 1903. The course of study there lasted four years: the children underwent internships in craft workshops and gained knowledge in the field of soil science and animal science.

Due to the fact that the school was located on estate land, in 1918 Shchapovo was not touched - the students were simply dispersed and the school was transformed into an agricultural school, and in 1921 - into a technical school.

On Terry From June to December 1941, in the village of Aleksandrovo and the Shchapovo educational farm, there were combat positions of the 1st anti-aircraft searchlight regiment of the Moscow air defense zone. From December 1941 to June 1945, a searchlight point and positions of an anti-aircraft machine gun regiment of the Moscow Air Defense Front were deployed.

In memory of this, a strange-looking memorial was recently opened with a sign on the opposite side of the paths.

Nearby is a monument to fellow countrymen who died during the Second World War.

Almost all the estate buildings and park created under Shchapov have survived to this day. In gratitude from local residents for his patronage of the arts, the territory of the last owner’s estate, the estate and the village that grew out of it received the name “Shchapovo” (the village of Alexandrovo did not change its name).
Now in the building of the agricultural school there is a museum of the history of Shchapovo, a library and a post office. With the current church, the craft of lace making is being revived.

There is another one nearby estate – Polivanovo.

At the beginning of the 17th century, the surrounding lands belonged to the noble family of the Polivanovs, whose name was preserved in the name of the village. In 1635 it was sold to Saltykov. Surprisingly, this was the only sale in the life of the estate; since then it has passed from hand to hand only between relatives.

So it was inherited by Ekaterina Naryshkina, who married Count Kirill Razumovsky in 1747.

The Razumovskys were prominent nobles and statesmen in the era of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna. It was during this period that the reconstruction of the Polivanovo estate began.

The position of the owner suggests that the design of the estate must have been drawn up by a prominent architect of the time. And although in the funds of the architectural museum named after. A.V. Shchusev, there is a drawing from the 18th century without the signature of the architect-author of the project; there is every reason to think that it was V.I. Bazhenov.

The dilapidated Annunciation Church, built earlier, was dismantled, and the material was used to build a new stone church in another place. The centric manor church of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary in the classicist style was built in 1777-1779.

A new two-story manor house was built in 1784. It stands out among similar monuments of estate classicism with four round towers with domes at each corner of the building. There are stairs inside the front towers. The main entrance is decorated with a six-column white stone portico of the Ionic order, the entrance from the park has a loggia on paired columns. There is a rusticated cornice between the floors; The lower floor from the façade is highlighted by four stripes of rustication.

But visitors won’t see all this because after the nationalization of the estate it was occupied first educational institutions, then the bone tuberculosis hospital, and then a branch of the Moscow Psychoneurological Hospital No. 1 named after. ON THE. Alekseeva. The mental hospital is here and now, the entrance is blocked by a barrier, and security guards are sitting next to it, very tired of tourists wanting to break into the territory.

At first, we politely asked how to get to the estate. To which we received a categorical statement: “There is no estate here and never has been! People come to us all the time and ask, are we tired of it? There are all kinds of Polivanovo on the other side of Podolsk, there is one 140 km from here, somewhere else, maybe you are confused and you need to go there?! »

At this point we began to doubt ourselves - maybe we really got mixed up?! We went to look at the map and dig up information on the Internet - everything was sure, the estate was here. But the guards were adamant: there are only crazy people - those inside and other crazy people - those outside, who come to look at the non-existent estate, i.e. people like us.

While we were figuring all this out, I discovered Memory Square along the fence.

The alley ends with the WWII memorial.

And next to it is a stone in memory of the battles with the French that took place in the village. Polivanovo in 1812.

Here, at the burial site of those killed during the invasion of Napoleonic army, old larches grow.

And behind the fence, through the thick foliage, you can see the same main house with turrets of the Polivanovo estate, which, according to the guards, does not exist.

So, everything is fine in our heads and in Yandex with maps, it’s just that the security has instructions to drive tourists away from here. Provided that you cannot enter the territory legally, there is really nothing to do here.

We finish our walk through the Podolsk estates with an acquaintance with "Russian Parnassus" - Ostafyevo estate.

Entrance to the territory is paid - just to take a walk - 40 rubles per adult, children - free. In addition to checking tickets, there are frames installed at the entrance that actually work, and guards are on duty near them. If there is an incomprehensible squeak, they ask you to tell them what is in your pockets and handbags. Please note that entering the territory with knives is prohibited, even if they are very small and all that.

The territory of the estate is huge - 21 hectares, it is clear that it is not possible to walk around it all in an evening. But if you look at the diagram, it becomes clear that all the most interesting things are located not far from each other.

The place where the estate is now located was first mentioned in 1340; at that time, these lands belonged to Prokopiy Lyapunov, who founded the estate. Further, her fate was connected with such people as Prince Nikolai Lvov, Count Pyotr Apraksin, Prince Yakov Alekseevich Golitsyn.

In 1751, the merchant Kozma Matveevich Matveev bought the estate and began construction.

Under him, in 1781, the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity was erected.

And the ensemble he created determined the main features of the spatial structure of the composition of the future estate, which have survived to this day.

Linden alley is the oldest element of the estate ensemble. The alley is also called “Russian Parnassus”, according to legend, this is how Alexander Pushkin nicknamed it.

The pond-dig, “giving a cascade to the grotto,” appeared in the middle of the 18th century.
Another one of the oldest elements of the manor park. It was connected to a large pond by a channel that formed a cascade at the outlet.

However, Matveev’s buildings were soon demolished by the new owner, Andrei Ivanovich Vyazemsky.

After retiring in 1800, the prince began work on the construction of a two-story house with a belvedere, two wings and colonnades connecting them in the style of mature classicism, presumably based on the design of the architect Ivan Starov. According to another version, the owner of the estate himself took part in the creation of the project in close collaboration with the architects of the Moscow architectural school founded by V.I. Bazhenov and M.F. Kazakov. The lower floor was occupied by state rooms, the upper floor by living quarters.

Under Andrei Ivanovich, Ivan Dmitriev, Vasily Zhukovsky, Vasily Pushkin stayed at the estate. For twelve years - from 1804 to 1815 - Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin, married to Vyazemsky’s eldest daughter, lived and worked in Ostafyevo.

A separate wing was built for him, where the first eight volumes of the “History of the Russian State” were written.

In 1911, a memorial sign was erected on the site of the outbuilding.

Eight bronze books (7 books and 1 scroll, symbolizing the begun 8th book).

And in front of the house there are two Karamzin oaks (one of the oaks), planted in the 1860s. Princess Alexandra Pavlovna Vyazemskaya from acorns brought by her daughter N.M. Karamzin - Elizaveta Nikolaevna.

Second oak.

According to the symbolism of the 19th century. oak trees growing at the entrance to the house meant hospitality.

On October 2, 1803, the estate went down in the history of Russian aeronautics: Praskovya Yurievna Gagarina, the first Russian woman to fly, landed on its territory. hot-air balloon, and André Jacques Garnerin - a famous aeronaut and the world's first parachutist. The remains of the ball were stored in Ostafvo for a long time.
After the death of Andrei Vyazemsky in April 1807, his son, Pyotr Vyazemsky, became the owner of the estate. Under him, Ostafyevo became the literary center of Moscow, one of the symbols cultural life Russia, where the key figures of the Golden Age of Russian poetry gathered. Pyotr Vyazemsky dedicated many poems to his native estate, including “Village” (1817), “Parental House” (1830), “Rural Church” (1856), “No, I won’t see my Ostafevsky house...” (1863). Meetings of the literary society "Arzamas" were held here, whose members were Alexander Pushkin (a friend of Pyotr Vyazemsky), Konstantin Batyushkov, Denis Davydov and many other writers and public figures. Alexander Griboedov visited the estate several times: he played on the stage of the Vyazemskys’ home theater, and read “Woe from Wit.” In 1849, Nikolai Gogol visited Ostafyevo.

Plan of the English garden of the Ostafyevo estate commissioned by Prince P.A. Vyazemsky was created by the “garden practitioner and architect” Foma Melnikov in 1821-1822.

One of the elements of the manor park is the Field of Mars. The Campus Martius in Ancient Rome was the name given to the place where military parades were held in honor of the god of war, Mars, and then military meetings were held. Later, other cities began to organize large squares named after Mars for gymnastic exercises, meetings, and military parades. Similar estate “fields” and squares include the Field of Mars in Ostafyevo. This open clearing oval in shape, designed to symbolize the military power of the Russian army (created for the 10th anniversary of the Patriotic War of 1812, in which P.A. Vyazemsky was a participant). IN old description it says that “a carousel is being made on it, and in the middle there is a statue of Mars or Hercules.” But now it’s just a clearing with paths around it.

Another idea with a reference to Ancient Rome- grove of kencons. Quenconce (from the French quinconce - shifted, staggered) is a method of planting trees in staggered rows, where every second planting line is shifted by half a planting step in relation to the line that precedes or follows it. Tree crowns are trimmed along one line. This grove consists of 121 small-leaved linden trees aged 12-14 years. It was recreated in 2004 according to the 1805 estate plan.

Another fun piece made by Foma Melnikov - the “Temple of Apollo” gazebo. Apollo is the god of all arts and the patron of creative people, who creates a creative atmosphere with his very appearance.

It stands on the shore of the Big Pond and, apparently, for a greater creative atmosphere, forms a single composition with a humpbacked bridge.

Bolshoi Ostafievsky Pond. A manual sluice for adjusting the water height is visible.

European larch planted in the 1850s. Pyotr Andreevich Vyazemsky.

In 1865, the estate passed to the son of Peter Vyazemsky, Pavel, who was also a writer.

The prince collected collections of paintings, graphics, and applied arts. He furnished the Gothic hall of the estate in medieval taste, where “early boards” were exhibited - paintings by medieval German artists that he brought from Germany. The bulk of Vyazemsky's art collection currently belongs to the Moscow Pushkin Museum.

Smooth elm. Planted in the park in the 1860s under Pavel Petrovich Vyazemsky. It is one of the long-lived trees. It is a symbol of dignity and nobility. In Old Slavonic chronicles, the elm is the tree of the world.

A number of common (pedunculate) oaks were planted by Princess M.A. Vyazemskaya in the second half of the 19th century.

In 1898, the estate was sold to Count Sergei Dmitrievich Sheremetev. He sought to preserve the culture of the nobility for posterity and, on the centenary of Pushkin’s birth, turned the estate into a publicly accessible Pushkin museum. And from 1913 to 1914. erected a whole galaxy of monuments in the park:

Pavel Petrovich Vyazemsky.

Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky.

Pyotr Andreevich Vyazemsky.

And funny size -
Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin.

The museum existed until 1930; during the Great Patriotic War, a military hospital operated here; since 1947, a rest home for the Council of Ministers of the USSR was organized (writers Ilya Ilf, Evgeny Petrov, Samuil Marshak worked there). Only in 1988 the Vyazemsky-Sheremetev estate again acquired the status of a museum.

Since the 2000s, restoration of the estate began; the outbuildings, observation terrace, and interiors of the 19th century estate were restored, as they were under the Vyazemskys. For the 250th anniversary of Karamzin, the museum opened permanent exhibition“Karamzin. Life and Works", which occupies 11 halls. The estate is a venue for musical and literary events.

In general, Ostafyevo is a very beautiful and sincere place. It’s pleasant to wander around the park here, the monuments add variety to the walk, and even some of the pretentiousness of the main manor house is not at all annoying.

I can say with confidence that among the estates near Moscow, Ostafyevo, for me personally, took a leading place. I recommend to everyone!