L 410 aircraft 2417 full number. How it is done, how it works, how it works

Is a short-haul aircraft for regional airlines, manufactured in the Czech Republic since 1969.

The Let L-410 Turbolet was developed in the mid-1960s, especially for 500-800 km airlines that needed a roomy, economical and unpretentious aircraft. In general, in terms of takeoff and landing capabilities, the aircraft required characteristics similar to the AN-2.

Let L-410 Turbolet made its maiden flight in April 1969.

The safety margin, which the designers put into the aircraft, allowed Let L-410 to take off and land on unprepared airfields and unpaved areas.

Salon Let L-410 is spacious and equipped with large round portholes and acceptable soundproofing. The passenger seats are arranged in a 2 + 1 configuration.

The liner is capable of carrying up to 19 passengers at a distance of 990 to 1,500 km.

Over the years of production, the aircraft has been constantly modernized in accordance with the requirements of the time. Today the aircraft continues to be produced.

Interior layout Let L-410 Turbolet:

Specifications:

ICAO code: L410
Crew: 2 persons
Length: 14.42 m
Wingspan: 19.48 m
Maximum occupancy: 19 passengers
Maximum takeoff weight: 6,400 kg
Cruising speed: 365 km / h
Range of flight: 1,500 km

The crew performed a custom flight at the request of the Zapolyarnaya GRE (Kuyga settlement) along the Batagai - Magan - Lensk - Kirensk - Irkutsk route. There were two service passengers on board. There was no cargo on board, except for the personal belongings of the crew and passengers with a total weight of about 400 kg.
After arriving at the airport Kirensk at 12:37 Moscow time, the crew's working time was 11 hours 45 minutes, including a flight time of 6 hours 17 minutes. The crew, in violation of the duration of the flight crew's work established by the instructions, decided to go to Irkutsk. Then, upon receiving information about the closure of the airport Irkutsk in connection with the repair of the runway, the crew postponed the flight and was sent by the dispatcher of the air traffic control to the dispensary. In the preventorium, the appearance of the crew was not recorded. After the opening of the airport Irkutsk, navigational control of the crew, in the absence of a navigator on duty on duty, was carried out by an air traffic control dispatcher who had no training for this control.
Having passed the meteorological consultation at 14:50, at 15:06, in violation of the working hours, the crew flew from Kirensk to Irkutsk.
When establishing communication with the approach dispatcher of the Irkutsk airport, the crew did not report on the receipt of information from the air navigation service (ATIS), and the dispatcher did not require the crew to listen to it and report it. The approach controller instructed to descend from 3000 m to 2100 m.After the DPRM overfly, the board was transferred under the control of the circle controller, who also did not require a report on the receipt of ATIS information, and the crew did not report on the receipt of this information and on the selected approach system. The circle dispatcher gave the order to descend to the transition level of 1 800 m. The descent took place in simple weather conditions at night.
At the transition level, in violation of the requirements of the GA-85 NPP, the crew did not set the pressure on the barometric altimeters to the airfield pressure (710 mm Hg) and did not report the airfield pressure setting to the dispatcher. In turn, the circle dispatcher, having not received a report, did not require the crew to confirm the pressure setting.
As a result, the readings of the altimeters, on which the standard pressure of 760 mm Hg remained, differed from the true altitude by 510 m.At the command of the circle controller, the crew continued to descend to 900 m (according to altimeters, the true altitude was 390 m), performed the third turn , took 700 m (190 m true altitude) and continued the flight to the fourth turn. After the crew's report "235, on the fourth, 700 m", the dispatcher instructed to switch to communication with the landing dispatcher. The crew did not have time to confirm the command and the end of communication. After 2 seconds, at 17:18:10, the plane touched the tops of trees 25-35 m high, located at an elevation of 163 m with a relative elevation above the airfield of 190 m (the excess of the airfield runway threshold above sea level was 510 m). The crew gave the engines takeoff, but after 114 m there was a head-on collision with a tree trunk 35 cm in diameter (at the place of impact). The plane, descending along a straight trajectory and continuing to collide with large trees (trunk diameters 85-90 cm in the butt, height up to 35 m), stopped 312 m from the place of the first collision with obstacles, collapsed and partially burned out. The crash occurred 21 km from the airport with an azimuth of 122 ° in the region of the fourth turn with MKpos = 297 ° (52 ° 09'30 "N, 104 ° 39'40" E).
At the time of the disaster, the duration of the crew's work was 15 hours 26 minutes, including a flight time of 8 hours 30 minutes, which could affect the safe outcome of the flight due to overwork of the crew.
Actual weather at 17:27 - cloudiness 3 points cumulonimbus 1500 m, 10 points average, upper, wind 300 ° 9 m / s, visibility 10 km, lightning, trend - hail, frontal thunderstorm, air temperature + 21 ° С, pressure 711 mm Hg.

The cause of the disaster was a violation by the crew of the flight rules, expressed in non-fulfillment of the requirements of clause 7.6.9 of NPP GA-85, in terms of installation at the transition level on barometric altimeters of airfield pressure, which led to a collision of the aircraft with the earth's surface.
The disaster was accompanied by the controller's failure to comply with the work technology, rules and phraseology of radio exchange in terms of not accepting the message from the crew about receiving ATIS information, not issuing a command to listen to it and reporting this, not receiving from the crew about installing altimeters at the level of transition to airfield pressure.

L-410 (photos below) is one of the passenger aircraft models developed by the Czechoslovak company Let. The airliner is designed to carry people, cargo and mail over short distances. In its category, it surpasses many analogues in a number of indicators and is considered one of the best.

Short story

Design work under the name L-410 began in 1966 in the Czechoslovak city of Kunovice. Three years later, an experimental model of the model rose into the sky. Then it was equipped with Pratt & Whitney PT6A-27 engines. Over the next several years, the designers significantly modified and improved the aircraft. The key innovation was the new Czech Walter M601 motors, which were specially developed for it at the airline's plant in 1973. Later, the company's engineers created a number of modifications of the L-410 aircraft. The model quickly became popular, and some of its copies appeared on all continents.

In the early nineties of the last century, a real crisis began for the company: there were practically no orders for new liners. The situation changed dramatically only in 2008, when 51 percent of its shares were acquired by the Russian company UMMC (five years later it bought out the rest). The new owners of the plant managed to significantly expand the portfolio of orders and make the model really in demand on the market. As a result, during this time, several dozen copies of the line were built and sold to various customers from Ukraine, Brazil, Bulgaria and Slovakia. A significant share of them went to domestic consumers as well.

Now in the world there are just over 400 aircraft of this line of various modifications. According to experts' calculations, only for the Russian market the demand for these airliners today is about one hundred copies. Work on the modernization of the model is not finished at the present time. As for the cost of the L-410, the price of the aircraft starts at 2.4 million euros.

General description and characteristics

It was based on the aerodynamic scheme of a cantilever high-wing aircraft. The model has a semi-monocoque circular fuselage and an all-metal structure. The aircraft is equipped with a tricycle retractable landing gear with a nose strut. As for the wings, they are straight and trapezoidal in plan. The model is assembled by a Czech company in a full cycle. In other words, there are lines for the production and assembly of all elements and assemblies, from surface treatment of materials to testing at our own airport.

The production version of the airliner, which is very popular nowadays, is equipped with two GE H80-200 turboprop power plants. The maximum flight range of the model is just over 1.5 thousand kilometers, while the longest flight duration is about five hours. The aircraft is capable of simultaneously carrying 19 passengers on board, excluding crew members.

Key benefits

Now a few words about the main advantages of the Let L-410 airliner. Reviews of experts in this area indicate that the main one can be called the lowest operating costs in the entire category. In addition, the aircraft is reliable and durable even in extreme conditions... The engines of the model are distinguished by unique traction characteristics, which are maintained at a fairly low pressure and high temperature... Among other things, this aircraft has the most spacious cabin in its category, a spacious luggage compartment and excellent safety parameters, which allows to provide passengers with a high level of comfort. It should also be noted that the equipment used here is very variable for installing additional options. Thanks to its unique landing gear, the vessel is capable of taking off and landing even on short, grassy and damp strips.

Exploitation

Currently, the L-410 model is successfully operated on the territory of more than fifty states located on five continents. During the entire production period of the aircraft, a total of about 1,100 copies of it were collected. It is most popular in the countries of the former Soviet Union. As of today, the Czech aircraft plant produces the UVP E20 modification, which is considered the most modern and advanced in the line.

Often, Let L-410 aircraft are operated by airlines that provide air taxi services. In addition, the model is very popular in many world government agencies. It should also be noted that the manufacturing plant always provides its customers with all the necessary service support in a timely manner. The aircraft is also available in amphibious, ambulatory, medical, cargo and executive versions.

The cabin volume of the L-410 is 632 cubic feet. Thanks to this, even in its standard version, passengers are provided with a fairly high level of comfort. At the same time, one cannot fail to note the fact that often its interior is being finalized and additionally equipped for further use in the form of a corporate or private jet, where there is everything you need for rest and work.

Flights in extreme conditions

As noted above, the L-410 aircraft can be operated quite successfully and safely even in difficult weather conditions. According to the technical data sheet, this airliner is designed to operate at temperatures ranging from -50 to +50 degrees. Thus, thanks to the unique design and heavy-duty fuselage, the model is actively used both in the scorching heat of the African and Latin American deserts, and in the coldest corners of the planet.

Certification

The L-410 aircraft was certified and received the corresponding type certificates in many states, including the Czech Republic, Russia, Germany, Argentina, the Philippines, Australia, Brazil and others. After the establishment of the European Aviation Safety Agency, the model received an EASA certificate, which applies to all In addition, the operation of this aircraft is allowed in many other states of the planet.

L-410 UVP-E20 - universal twin-engine aircraft Czech production for local airlines, accommodating 19 passengers. It is intended for operation on unprepared unpaved, grassy, snowy areas, as well as on airfields with short runways (about 600-700 meters), which, in fact, makes it an off-road aircraft.

The first flight of the L-410 was made on April 16, 1969. The main customer of the aircraft was the Soviet Union. In addition, L-410 was also delivered to Bulgaria, Brazil, Hungary, East Germany, Libya, Poland. Despite the fact that the plant is located in the Czech Republic, it considers itself a part of the Russian aircraft industry: the foundations for this were laid during its development and with a long history of operation. As of 2012, more than 400 L-410 aircraft are in operation in the world.

Aircraft Industries production site in Kunovice, Czech Republic. Aircraft Industries, better known under the Let Kunovice brand, is located 300 km from Prague. The plant employs 920 people.

The enterprise manufactures an aircraft in a full production cycle - it has its own lines for surface treatment of materials, paint and varnish production, a machine shop, assembly shops, a design office and an airport.

The plant's production capacity is 16-18 new aircraft per year. About 80% of aircraft are delivered to Russia. Over the past four years, 35 aircraft have been delivered to Russia.

Production of parts on a CNC milling center of the French company Creneau:

Cleaning of parts before forming:

Punching press:

Fabrication of a wing spar on a 5-axis CNC milling center. In production, duralumin of Russian production is used. The total share of components from Russia in the L-410 aircraft is about 15% - this is a legacy of the fact that the aircraft was developed by order of the USSR and with the participation of Soviet designers.

Front wing assembly:

Checking the quality of the riveting on the airplane wing:

About 185,000 rivets of various types and sizes are used for one L-410 aircraft:

Riveting works in the middle part of the fuselage:

Installation of floor panels:

Rear fuselage production:

Production of an air intake part for the CASA CN-235 aircraft within the framework of industrial cooperation.
The plant also cooperates with Boeing for the Boeing 787.

Aircraft assembly conveyor L-410 UVP-E20. Located in one of the newest buildings of the plant, originally designed for the production of L-610. In one half of the building there are two lines for the production of new L-410 aircraft, in the second half there is a workshop for servicing aircraft coming out of service:

At the same time, there are about 10 aircraft in the assembly shop. The fuselage, wing, end tanks and tail unit come to the beginning of the line from the paint shop. At the end of the line are aircraft undergoing flight tests and preparing to be shipped to customers. Over the entire history of its existence, the plant has produced over 1150 aircraft of the L-410 family. More than 850 of them were delivered to operators in the USSR.

The process of finishing the aircraft luggage compartment in the bow after the completion of the installation of electrical equipment:

Assembling the emergency exit door:

The nose of the aircraft with serial number 2915. The weather radar antenna is visible. Forward luggage compartment doors open:

Installation of avionics in the cockpit. Avionics traditionally includes devices from Russian manufacturers:

Installation of electrical equipment in the aircraft cabin:

Installing wiring harnesses:

Young people in production are not uncommon, also due to the presence of their own vocational technical school on the territory of the plant. The average age of the company's employees is 44 years:

Works on the GE H-80 engine, given by a representative of the company from the city of Prague:

The stage of final assembly takes about 5 months - this is the most expensive part of the production, as within its framework engines, chassis and all avionics are installed on the aircraft, where each individual unit can cost 100-250 thousand euros.

The total duration of the aircraft production cycle from the production of the first fuselage components to the end of flight tests takes just under a year.

Cockpit of the aircraft L-410 UVP-E20. The aircraft is fully equipped for instrument flight and has an Advanced Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS) and Air Collision Avoidance (TCAS II). L 410 is designed in metric system (not inches), which is an exception in western aviation:

This type of aircraft has been used for many years as a graduation program for training pilots at the Sasov flight school. civil aviation(Ryazan region).

Pre-flight preparation. Stanislav Sklenarzh - chief test pilot of the plant:

View of the river under the wing of the plane. Moravu and Uherski Ostrog:

Aircraft L-410 UVP-E20 for French Guiana. Aircraft for exotic countries often have a bright memorable coloring:

Leaving with a bend. Service ceiling - 8,000 meters:

Approach to the runway. The L-410 aircraft can land both on a hard-surfaced strip and on grass, ground and snow. UVP in the name of the aircraft means the Russian abbreviation "Shortened Takeoff and Landing", which also reminds of the Russian roots of the aircraft:

Castle Novy Svetlov (1480), Bojkovice:

Medieval gothic castle Buchlov (XIII century) is located 10 km from the town of Kunovice. Buchlov Castle is one of the most beautiful castles in South Moravia - the southeastern region of the Czech Republic:

Velehrad Monastery (XIII century) - one of the main pilgrimage temples in the Czech Republic. In 863 - 866. Christian saints Cyril and Methodius lived and preached in Velehrad:

The prototype of the L-610M aircraft in the city of Staraya Mesto, installed for viewing at the entrance to the city:

How L-410 planes are made in the Czech Republic gelio wrote in December 4th, 2013

L-410 UVP-E20 is a versatile Czech-made twin-engine aircraft for local airlines, accommodating 19 passengers. It is designed for operation on unprepared unpaved, grassy, snowy areas, as well as on airfields with short runways (about 600-700 meters), which, in fact, makes it an aircraft in the off-road category. The first flight of the L-410 was made on April 16, 1969. The main customer of the aircraft was the Soviet Union. In addition, L-410 was also delivered to Bulgaria, Brazil, Hungary, East Germany, Libya, Poland. Despite the fact that the plant is located in the Czech Republic, it considers itself a part of the Russian aircraft industry: the foundations for this were laid during its development and with a long history of operation. As of 2012, more than 400 L-410 aircraft are in operation in the world.

Aircraft Industries production site in Kunovice, Czech Republic.
Aircraft Industries, better known under the Let Kunovice brand, is located 300 km from Prague. The plant employs 920 people.
The enterprise manufactures an aircraft in a full production cycle - it has its own lines for surface treatment of materials, paint and varnish production, a machine shop, assembly shops, a design office and an airport.

Shop for the production of parts of the fuselage L-410. The enterprise is expanding and modernizing its production - the light-green equipment is intended for the production of a new generation of the L-410 NG (New Generation) aircraft.
The plant's production capacity is 16-18 new aircraft per year.
About 80% of aircraft are delivered to Russia. Over the past four years, 35 aircraft have been delivered to Russia.

Production of parts on a CNC milling machining center of the French company Creneau.

Cleaning of parts before forming

Forming a part on a press

Punching press

Design documentation - interceptor drawing

Fabrication of a wing spar on a 5-axis CNC milling center.
The production uses Russian duralumin produced by OJSC Kamensk-Uralsky Metallurgical Plant. The total share of components from Russia in the L-410 aircraft is about 15% - this is a legacy of the fact that the aircraft was developed by order of the USSR and with the participation of Soviet designers.

Wing panel manufacturing

Assembling the front of the wing

Checking the quality of the riveting on the airplane wing

About 185,000 rivets of various types and sizes are used for one L-410 aircraft

Riveting works in the middle of the fuselage

Installation of floor panels

Rear fuselage production

Manufacture of engine air intake parts

Production of an air intake part for the CASA CN-235 aircraft within the framework of industrial cooperation.
The plant also cooperates with Boeing for the Boeing 787.

Assembly conveyor for L-410 UVP-E20 aircraft. Located in one of the newest buildings of the plant, originally designed for the production of L-610.
In one half of the building there are two lines for the production of new L-410 aircraft, in the other half there is a workshop for servicing aircraft coming out of service.

At the same time, there are about 10 aircraft in the assembly shop. The fuselage, wing, end tanks and tail unit come to the beginning of the line from the paint shop.
At the end of the line are aircraft undergoing flight tests and preparing to be shipped to customers.
Over the entire history of its existence, the plant has produced over 1150 aircraft of the L-410 family.
More than 850 of them were delivered to operators in the USSR.

The process of finishing the luggage compartment of the aircraft in the bow after the completion of the installation of electrical equipment

Assembling the emergency exit door

The nose of the aircraft with serial number 2915. The weather radar antenna is visible.
The forward luggage compartment doors are open.

Installation of avionics in the cockpit. Avionics traditionally includes devices from Russian manufacturers

Installation of electrical equipment in the aircraft cabin

Installing wiring harnesses

Installation of electrical wires on the wing of the aircraft in the area of the engine nacelle

The five-blade AV-725 propellers (Avia Propeller) together with the GE H80-200 engine make up the new power plant of the L-410 UVP-E20 aircraft. It has been installed since January 2013 on all new aircraft and is certified by EASA and the Russian AR IAC.
Young people in production are not uncommon, also due to the presence of their own vocational technical school on the territory of the plant.
The average age of the company's employees is 44 years.

Work on the GE H-80 engine carried out by the representative of GE Aviation Czech, Prague (former Walter plant).

The stage of final assembly takes about 5 months - this is the most expensive part of the production, as within its framework motors, chassis and all avionics are installed on the aircraft, where each individual unit can cost 100-250 thousand Euros.
The total duration of the aircraft production cycle from the production of the first fuselage components to the end of flight tests takes just under a year.

Cockpit of the aircraft L-410 UVP-E20.
The aircraft is fully equipped for instrument flight and has an Advanced Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS) and Air Collision Avoidance (TCAS II). L 410 is designed in metric system (not inches), which is an exception in western aviation.

This type of aircraft has been used for many years as a graduation program for training pilots at the Sasov Civil Aviation Flight School (Ryazan Region).

Pre-flight preparation. Stanislav Sklenarzh - chief test pilot of the plant.

View of the river under the wing of the plane. Moravu and Uherski Ostrog

Aircraft L-410 UVP-E20 for French Guiana.
Planes for exotic countries often have bright, memorable coloring.

Leaving with a bend
Service ceiling - 8000 meters

Approach to the runway.
The L-410 aircraft can land both on a hard-surfaced strip and on grass, ground and snow. UVP in the name of the aircraft means the Russian abbreviation "Shortened Takeoff and Landing", which also reminds of the Russian roots of the aircraft.

Castle New Svetlov (1480), Bojkovice.

The medieval Gothic castle Buchlov (XIII century) is located 10 km from the town of Kunovice.
Buchlov Castle is one of the most beautiful castles in South Moravia - the southeastern region of the Czech Republic.

Velehrad Monastery (XIII century) - one of the main pilgrimage temples in the Czech Republic.
In 863 - 866. Christian saints Cyril and Methodius lived and preached in Velehrad.

A prototype of the L-610M aircraft in the city of Staraya Mesto, installed for viewing at the entrance to the city.