Czech military aircraft. Sad History of the Czech aircraft: a lesson for Ukraine

I will share my information with you a bit of blog. We are talking about Czechoslovak aircraft construction during World War II. More specifically - About Aero Aviation Firm. This company was created in 1919 and initially served airplanes transferred by the young Czechoslovak Republic by Entah (SPAD, Salmson, Voisin). Well, that is, this Czechs write, which began all 1919, and in fact it was the former power of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, namely the Ganza Brandenburg Werke Plant, the notorious Ernst Hanekel. The business has a young company and after 12 months could begin to produce their own design aircraft. By the end of the 30s, Aero becomes a fairly serious manufacturer, able to master and serially produce such aircraft as MV-200 or Sat-2. Own projects were also quite at the level. Unfortunately, in March 1939, Nazis came to the country.

At first, they were not interested in Aero, and the Czechs quietly finished the last 4 MB-200 and 14 AERO A-304, which were redone the German side. Soon, the enterprise from Berlin arrived attasses of the Air Force and began to introduce German types of aircraft into production. Started with small - in the workshops, Aero began to collect Bucker BU-131 biplans, designed for flight schools. They were released until 1940 and managed to make 200 pieces. In addition, the Czech company from May 1940 to November 1940 also produced 45 aircraft towing air targets B-71 and 10 B-71 containers for "Luftwaffe. Let me remind you that this car was actually a SEC-2 Soviet high-speed bomber, which Czechs issued under a license.

Assessing the performance of the Czech side "Luftwaffe" ordered another extremely useful car for himself - recently launched Tactical Scout Focke Wulf FW.189. They produced them practically twelve months, by the end of 1942 by passing the customer 337 "Ram". From the next year, Aero has established new tasks - to put on a stream auxiliary twin-engine Siebel Si.204d. The work was carried out by a shock pace and until the end of the war managed to transfer these cars to the German Air Force. At the same time, in the Protectorator of Bohemia and Moravia at the Aero factories, "Chkd-Prague" and "Walter" released 1007 "Zibel", and the fuselaces for all of them were collected in the workshops "Aero" (until the end of the war it turned out 1023 fuselage). To this you need to add 49 capital-repaired Bucker BU-131 and 15 modernized Aero A-304 aircraft.

In total, during the war years, the number of employees of AERO increased from 1200 to 8000. Since mid-19943, Czechs have been talking about "forced" labor, and since 1944, Germans have been introduced for them with a 12-hour working day with one "sliding" weekend in the week. Nevertheless, the Czechs themselves also note the positive points of work on the Germans: improving the organization of work and technical equipment of production, the introduction of some new technologies. I will add that in addition to this, the Czechs "inheritance" got a couple enough good models Airplanes (Bucker Bu-131, Siebel Si.204d), which they produced after the war for their needs. Aero's fruitful work on the German "Luftwaffe" ended only on March 25, 1945 (!) When 50 severe allied bombers destroyed the company's assembly shops, destroying 50 virtually ready-made "zibels" at the stock.

L-410 OHP-E20 - Universal Two-Dual Czech production aircraft for local air lines, accommodating 19 passengers. Designed for operation at unprepared ground, herbal, snowy platforms, as well as on airfields with short runways (about 600-700 meters), which, in fact, makes it an aircraft in the "Off Road" category. The first flight L-410 was performed on April 16, 1969. The main customer of the aircraft was the Soviet Union. In addition, the L-410 also supplied to Bulgaria, Brazil, Hungary, GDR, Libya, Poland. Despite the fact that the plant is in the Czech Republic, he considers himself a part of the Russian aircraft: the grounds for this were laid during its development and with a long-term history of operation. As of 2012, more than 400 L-410 aircraft are operated in the world.

Production area of \u200b\u200bAircraft Industries in Kunovice, Czech Republic.
Plant "Aircraft Industries", better known under the brand LET Kunovice, is 300 km from Prague. The plant employs 920 people.
The company produces an airplane for a full production cycle - there are own lines of surface treatment of materials, paintwork, mechanical workshop, assembly shops, design bureau and airport.

Workshop manufacturing parts of the Fuselage L-410. The company employs expansion and modernization of production - a light-board equipped is designed to produce a new generation of the L-410 NG aircraft (New Generation).
Production capacity of the plant is 16-18 new aircraft per year.
About 80% of aircraft comes in Russia. Over the past four years, 35 aircraft have been delivered to Russia.

Production of parts on the milling processing center with CNC French firm Creneau.

Stripping parts before molding

Molding details on the press

Press

Design documentation - an interceptor drawing

Production of a wing spar on a 5-axis milling CNC processing center.
In production, the Russian duralumin production of OJSC Kamensk-Ural Metallurgical Plant is used. The total proportion of components from Russia in the L-410 aircraft is about 15% - this is a legacy of the fact that the plane was developed by order of the USSR and with the participation of Soviet designers.

Production of the wing panel

Wing Front Assembly

Check quality riveting on the wing of the aircraft

On one L-410 aircraft there are about 185,000 rivets of different types and sizes.

Riveted work in the middle part of the fuselage

Installation of outdoor panels

Production of the rear of the fuselage

Production of engine air intake

Production of the air intake details for the SASA CN-235 aircraft within the framework of production cooperation.
The factory provides cooperation with Boeing for the Boeing 787 aircraft.

Mounting conveyor aircraft L-410 OHP-E20. Located in one of the newest buildings of the plant originally designed for the production of L-610.
In one half of the building there are two lines of production of new aircraft L-410, in the second half of the service shop of aircraft coming from operation.

At the same time, about 10 aircraft are located in the assembly shop. A fuselage, wing, end tanks and tail plunge come to the top of the plant from the shop.
At the end of the line are aircraft undergoing flight tests and preparing to send to customers.
In the entire history of its existence, the plant produced more than 1150 aircraft of the L-410 family.
More than 850 of them were delivered to operators in the USSR.

The process of finishing the luggage compartment of the aircraft in the nasal part after the completion of the installation of electrical equipment

Emergency Release Door Assembly

The nose of the aircraft with the factory number 2915. The antenna of Meteoradar is visible.
The doors of the nasal luggage compartment are open.

Installation of avionics in the cockpit of pilots. As part of avionics traditionally present the devices of Russian manufacturers

Installation of electrical equipment in the cabin of the aircraft

Installation of wiring harnesses

Installation of electrical storage on the wing of the aircraft in the area of \u200b\u200bthe engine gondola

AV-725 P2 AV-725 (Avia Propeller), together with the GE H80-200 engine, constitute a new power plant of the L-410 UVP-E20 aircraft. It is installed since January 2013 for all new aircraft and certified by EASA and Russian AR Mac.
Youth in production is not uncommon, including due to the presence of its own professional technical school of non-territory.
The average age of employees of the enterprise is 44 years.

Engine work GE H-80, held by the representative of GE Aviation Czech, Praga (former Walter plant).

The final installation stage takes about 5 months - this is the most expensive part of the production, so in its framework the aircraft the motors, chassis and all avionics are installed on the plane, where each individual unit can cost 100-250 thousand euros.
The total duration of the cycle of the aircraft production from the production of the first components of the fuselage until the end of flight tests occupies a little less than a year.

Cockpit aircraft L-410 OHP-E20.
The aircraft is fully equipped for instrument flights, has an advanced system for warning a dangerous approach from Earth (GPWS) and air collisions (TCAS II). L 410 is designed in the metric system (and not in inches), which is an exception in Western aviation.

This type of aircraft has been used for many years as graduation for training pilots in the Sasov flight school civil aviation (Ryazan region).

Pre-flight preparation. Stanislav Scheplearge - the main pilot test of the plant.

Under the wing of the aircraft view on r. Morav and Uhersky Ostrog

Airplane L-410 OHP-E20 for French Guiana.
Airplanes for exotic countries Often have a bright memorable coloring.

Care with aggregate
Practical ceiling - 8000 meters

Sunset on the fleeting strip.
The L-410 aircraft can land both on a strip with solid coating and on the grass, soil and snow. OHP in the title of the aircraft means the Russian abbreviation "shortened takeoff and landing", which also reminds of Russian roots of the aircraft.

Castle new lights (1480), Boykovice.

Medieval gothic castle Buits (XIII century) is 10 km from Kunovice.
Castle of boots is one of the most beautiful castles in Southern Moravia - the Southeast Region of the Czech Republic.

Tellegrada Monastery (XIII B) is one of the main pilgrimage temples in the Czech Republic.
In 863 - 866 In the city of Treeshend, the Christian Saints Cyril and Methodius lived and preached.

Prototype of the L-610M aircraft in the city of Old place set for review at the entrance to the city.

The L-410 aircraft, as a result of which six people died in the Khabarovsk Territory, are widely known in the former Soviet Union, despite its Czechoslovak Past. It was developed in the late 1960s at the Aviation Sunovice Aviation. The aircraft factor has been conducted since 1936 as a branch of the Avia Letnany plant, built as part of the development of WCK Czechoslovakia. During the occupation, the plant was engaged in the repair of fighters.

After the war, the plant was nationalized, the repair of cars was started. In 1948, the company became part of the company just created, and the serial release of the Zlin 22 single-engine aircraft began in Kunovice.

In 1953, the licensed production of Soviet training fighters Yak-11 and two-dimensional civilian aircraft Aero AE-45 was established at the new air facility.

In 1955, the first model of its own development created by Czechoslovak engineers under the leadership of Ladislava Smrchek began to produce in Cunovice, "LET L-200 MORAVA light passenger aircraft. The plant produced the Z-37 Cmelak agricultural aircraft (Shmel), gliders and the L-29 training jet, which in 1961 became the main training and training aircraft of the country's participating countries.

However, the landmark for the Czechoslovak aircraft was the order from the USSR to the development and production of the 19-seater turboprop aircraft L-410.

By the end of the 1960s, the need for a small near-Middle Passenger Passenger Plane of a new generation with a capacity of up to 10 people who can take off and land on soil airfields. And since the rate was made on high economy, the plane was to be built with turboprop engines.

Despite the fact that KB Beriev had an airplane with the necessary characteristics (BE-30),

as part of the cooperation of the CEV member countries, the project was decided to convey to Czechoslovakia.

And it was not the only example of such cooperation. So, at one time, the USSR handed over Poland production of the Mi-2 helicopter and the An-2 aircraft. Due to the course on the integration of CEV member countries, the airline fleet of "friendly" countries was constantly replenished with IL-62 aircraft, Tu-154, Tu-134 and Soviet helicopters, Czechoslovak aircraft L-410 and agricultural M-15, produced in Poland .

CCCR became the main customer L-410, there he became the most massive turboprop plane,

operated by regional lines, the first aircraft of foreign production, published on domestic airways.

L-410 is made according to the classic diagram of a two-way high population with a single-tail tail. The first experienced aircraft equipped with Pratt & Whitney engines RT6A27, rose in the air on April 16, 1969. The first regular use of the aircraft L-410A began the Czechoslovak Airlie "Words Air" (Bratislava) on local lines. In 1973, the tests of the L-410M aircraft with Czech engines Walter M601A were started. Until the end of 1978, the USSR received about hundreds of aircraft L-410.

"According to the designers, this turboprop car in the future on local airlines of the CEA participants will replace the An-2, Li-2," wrote in those days.

In 1979, the aircraft was modified, and the L-410UZ model became the main serial. The aircraft was distinguished by a longer fuselage, using interceptor and increased wing sizes, which made it possible to improve one of its main characteristics - the reduction of the "OHP" meant "shortened rise-landing".

In total, more than 1,200 units of L-410 were produced, most of which (862) were sent to the flights of the Soviet Union, where they rightfully deserve popularity for reliability and unpretentiousness. L-410 could carry up to 19 passengers with a cruising speed of 380 km / h and did not differ in high demands to the WFP - there was enough normal soil strip.

The geography of their routes covered the entire territory of the USSR, from Sukhumi to Omsk. Paying a little more expensive for a ticket than for the train, passengers could, for example, fly

from Krasnodar to Kerch, from Rostov-on-Don to Donetsk, from Sukhumi to Kutaisi, from Ryazan to Mariupol or Poltava.

By early 1992 in former USSR There were about 750 such aircraft. Among them were transport, airborne and training aircraft used by the military, including the USSR. After the collapse of the eastern unit, the Cunesitic plant came into decay, the mass production of L-410 was minimized and the owners changed several times. The rate of production fell ten times - with 50 cars per year to two or five. In 2008, 51% of LET KUNOVICE shares (Aircraft Industries) bought the Russian Society "Ural Mining and Metallurgical Company", after which the rate of release was eight-ten aircraft per year. Today, the company, paying the remaining stocks, is the only owner of production.

In 2017, it was announced the preparation of the production of L-410 aircraft in Russia, which should begin in 2018.

According to the Russian State Signal of Civil Aviation until 2020, Russia will be sold from 604 to 822 aircraft with a capacity from 4 to 19 seats.

Production of parts on the milling processing center with CNC French firm Creneau.

Stripping parts before molding

Molding details on the press

Press

Design documentation - an interceptor drawing

Production of the wing panel

Wing Front Assembly

Check quality riveting on the wing of the aircraft

On one L-410 aircraft there are about 185,000 rivets of different types and sizes.

Riveted work in the middle part of the fuselage

Installation of outdoor panels

Production of the rear of the fuselage

Production of engine air intake

Production of the air intake details for the SASA CN-235 aircraft within the framework of production cooperation.
The factory provides cooperation with Boeing for the Boeing 787 aircraft.

The process of finishing the luggage compartment of the aircraft in the nasal part after the completion of the installation of electrical equipment

Emergency Release Door Assembly

The nose of the aircraft with the factory number 2915. The antenna of Meteoradar is visible.
The doors of the nasal luggage compartment are open.

Installation of avionics in the cockpit of pilots. As part of avionics traditionally present the devices of Russian manufacturers

Installation of electrical equipment in the cabin of the aircraft

Installation of wiring harnesses

Installation of electrical storage on the wing of the aircraft in the area of \u200b\u200bthe engine gondola

Engine work GE H-80, held by the representative of GE Aviation Czech, Praga (former Walter plant).

Cockpit aircraft L-410 OHP-E20.
The aircraft is fully equipped for instrument flights, has an improved warning system of dangerous convergence with EGPWS and TCAS II Earth. L 410 is designed in the metric system (and not in inches), which is an exception in Western aviation.

This type of aircraft has been used for many years as graduation for training pilots in the Sasov flight School of Civil Aviation (Ryazan Region).

Pre-flight preparation. Stanislav Scheplearge - the main pilot test of the plant.

Under the wing of the aircraft view on r. Morav and Uhersky Ostrog

Airplane L-410 OHP-E20 for French Guiana.
Airplanes for exotic countries often have a bright stubborn coloring.

Care with aggregate
Practical ceiling - 8000 meters

Castle new lights (1480), Boykovice.

The medieval gothic castle of boots (XIII century) is 10 km from Kunovice.
Castle of boots is one of the most beautiful castles in Southern Moravia - the Southeast Region of the Czech Republic.

Tellegrada Monastery (XIII B) is one of the main pilgrimage temples in the Czech Republic.
In 863 - 866 In the city of Treeshend, the Christian Saints Cyril and Methodius lived and preached.

Prototype of the L-610M aircraft in the city of Old place set for review at the entrance to the city.

For all questions relating to the use of photos, write to email.

1. The museum was founded in 1968 on the territory of the historic military airfield in Prague - Kbely. It was the first Czechoslovak air base created in 1918. Currently, the museum has 275 aircraft in the collection.

2. Thus looked like pilots of aircraft with an open cabin

3. MORANE SAULNIER MS-230 ET-2 Airplane, France, 1932

4. Wooden glued multi-layered screw, front edge reinforced with metal

5. Avia Ba-122 aircraft, Czechoslovakia, 1936. Airplane for supreme pilotage, multiple winner of various airshow

6. Czechoslovak pilots of the seasons of the first republic between departures. In the hands, of course,.

7. SPAD S-VIIC.1 fighter, France, 1916. A large number of these aircraft was purchased in France after the end of the 1st World War.

8. Airplane AE-10, Czechoslovakia, 1919. Aviacher at work.

9. Airplane Avia BK-11, Czechoslovakia, 1923

10. Airplane de Havilland DH-82A Tiger Moth Mk. II, United Kingdom, 1931

11. The wing of a historic aircraft who has committed the flight Prague Beijing in the 20s.

12. Li-2 military transport aircraft, USSR, 1942, a somewhat modified American DOUGLAS DC-3 aircraft.

13. Educational aircraft of the I-2 (U-2) "Corrupt", USSR 1929. During the war, it was used as a night bombarder.

14. Fighter La-7, USSR 1943

15. Stormware IL-2M3, USSR 1942

17. Avia B-33 attack aircraft (IL-10 Beast), Czechoslovakia 1951

18. Aero C-3A military transport aircraft (Czech version of the German Siebel Si 204).

21. Avia S-199 fighter (Czech version of the Messerschmitt BF 109G / K) aircraft), 1946 after the 2nd World War in Czechoslovakia remained a large number of Plane plane Messerschmitt BF 109G, and the Avia plant recycled them to install Junkers JUMO 211D engine.

24. The Messerschmitt ME.262 "Schwalbe" fighter was the world's first serial jet aircraft, and the world's first reactive aircraft participating in hostilities. Under the Avia S-92 and Avia CS-92 brand, he continued to produce and after the war in Czechoslovakia, the release of these aircraft was possible due to the fact that at the end of the war, the Czech industry produced a complete range of components of the fighter product, including its BMW and Jumo engines, although himself The plane has not collected. On August 27, 1946, the first flight of the Czech S-92 took place.