City, Germany. Mentioned in 805 as a fortress Magadoburg, in 937 Magathaburg, modern. Magdeburg. Name from other top. German magath girl, virgin, probably as a pagan cult name (cf. ancient Saxons, ekmagadi nymphs, elves). ... ... Geographical encyclopedia

Modern encyclopedia

- (Magdeburg), a city in the GDR, the administrative center of the district of the same name. Founded at the beginning of the 9th century. Grew up around two parallel streets and the area of ​​the old bridge over the river. Elbe. The old town was almost completely destroyed by Anglo-American aircraft in ... ... Art encyclopedia

Sush., Number of synonyms: 1 city (2765) ASIS synonym dictionary. V.N. Trishin. 2013 ... Synonym dictionary

- (Magdeburg, Czech Devin) the main city of the Prussian province of Saxony, one of the most important fortresses of the empire, on three branches of the Elbe. 137135 inhabitants. The old fortifications were demolished, as a result of which the city almost doubled. Statue of Otto the Great, war monument 1870 71 ... ... Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron

Magdeburg- MAGDEBURG, a city in Germany. 275 thousand inhabitants. Transport node; port on the Elbe river. Mechanical engineering, chemical pharmaceutical, leather footwear, clothing industry. Cultural History Museum. Theaters: National (1796), New City ... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

I Magdeburg (Magdeburg) district in the GDR, in the southern part of the Central European Plain, partly in the Harz mountains. The area is 11.5 thousand km2. Population 1.3 million (1971). The administrative center is the city of Magdeburg. A district with highly developed ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

- (Magdeburg), a city in Germany, a port on the river. Elbe, the administrative center of Saxony Anhalt. 265 thousand inhabitants (1995). Mechanical engineering (including heavy, electrical), chemical, pharmaceutical, leather footwear, sewing, ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

- (Magdeburg, Czech. Devin) the main city of the Prussian province. Saxony, one of the most important fortresses of the empire, on the three branches of the Elbe. 137135 inhab. The old fortifications were torn down, as a result of which the city almost doubled. Statue of Otto the Great, a monument to the war of 1870 ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary of F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

- (Magdeburg) city in the GDR, adm. c. district M. 262.4 v. f. (1962). A large port on the river. Elbe. One of the largest prom. centers of the country (heavy engineering, etc.). It was first mentioned in 805. From 968 the center of the archbishopric, one of the most important supporting ... ... Soviet Historical Encyclopedia

Books

• The last years of Kiev self-government according to Magdeburg Law, I.M. Kamanin. Magdeburg Law is one of the most famous systems of city law that emerged in the 13th century in the city of Magdeburg as a feudal city law, according to which economic ...
• Mysteries of Golden Convoys, Shigin Vladimir Vilenovich. The book of the writer and journalist, Captain 1st Rank Vladimir Shigin is devoted to the investigation of the circumstances of the death of ships that transported large cargoes of gold at different times. The reader will meet ...

Magdeburg was the favorite seat of Emperor Otto I the Great, who became Holy Roman Emperor in 962. Otto I loved this city so much that he even presented it to his wife Edita as a marriage gift. The inhabitants of Magdeburg cherish the memory of “their Otto”. The emperor was buried in the city cathedral of St. Maurice and St. Catherine, the most valuable monument of history and culture. The cathedral's powerful towers are visible from afar. Magdeburg Cathedral is one of the most prominent architectural monuments in Central Germany and is the first cathedral in Germany built in the Gothic style. The interior and portals of the cathedral are richly decorated with sculptural carvings. The cathedral is a recognized symbol of Magdeburg. The richness of architectural decoration is characteristic of another building on the Domplatz cathedral: the Green Citadel residential complex, the last and perhaps the most remarkable brainchild of the Austrian architect and artist Friedensreich Hundertwasser. The complex, decorated in the recognizable Hundertwasser style, stands out sharply against the background of the ancient walls of the cathedral and the spacious central square of Magdeburg. Along with Emperor Otto I, the Magdeburg people remember and honor Otto von Guericke, who also left a deep mark on the fate of the city. The great German natural scientist and politician went through hard times here - the era of the Thirty Years' War and the years after its end. He devoted 50 years of his life to his native Magdeburg - as its architect, patron and burgomaster. Today the exposition of his house-museum tells about the activities of Otto von Guericke. By the way, the museums of Magdeburg have simply been reborn in recent years: new public collections appear, the funds of existing museums are replenished with new outstanding objects. Several years ago, a large Technical Museum was opened in Magdeburg, for which the city spared neither money nor effort.

Museums of international rank and significance are also the Museum of Natural History, the Museum of Art in the Monastery of St. Virgin Mary, housed in the oldest architectural complex of Magdeburg, and the Historical and Cultural Museum. But back to the historic city center. On the Alter Markt, next to the famous Magdeburg Cathedral, stands another of the city's most important landmarks - the Magdeburg Horseman, the oldest free-standing equestrian statue in the region north of the Alps. The inhabitants of Magdeburg believe that the rider on horseback is their beloved emperor Otto I. The bronze statue is dated by historians ca. 1240. In 1967, the original statue was moved to the Historical and Cultural Museum of the city. Since then, the museum has kept it as a living memory of the famous emperor. There are shops for every taste in the center of Magdeburg. Each resident of the city has 2.5 square meters. m of retail space: this is one of the best indicators in Germany. The gastronomic center of Magdeburg is located around Hasselbachplatz. Numerous pubs, bars and restaurants are adjacent to the city's business center. We recommend trying fried sausages at the famous all over Germany diner "Curry 54". The city gastronomic festival "Hassel-Night-Line" is held twice a year in Magdeburg. These days, open-air performances and various concerts are held everywhere in the streets of the city. For theater, literature and music lovers in Magdeburg, numerous and varied cultural events await, often taking place not only in museums and salons. The city cherishes the memory of its natives - poet Erich Weinert, playwright Georg Kaiser and composer Georg Philip Telemann - and continues their traditions. Unpredictable and wayward, Magdeburg is able to touch to the depths of the soul and conquer its guests forever. One way to experience the charm of the city is to stroll through the well-crafted cultural and recreational landscape in the picturesque Elbauenpark. Come to Magdeburg and see for yourself!

Magdeburg from A to Z: map, hotels, attractions, restaurants, entertainment. Shopping, shops. Photos, videos and reviews about Magdeburg.

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Even those who do not know in which country it is have heard about Magdeburg. Magdeburg Law - the right of individual cities to autonomy - is heard by many, but the city is famous not only for this. In the past, it was a famous commercial and imperial city, from whose former luxury remained the Imperial Cathedral, the Monastery of the Holy Virgin Mary and other ancient architectural monuments. Modern Magdeburg is a very nice and green city, there are more than 20 parks, one of which - Herrenkrug - has been preserved since the 17th century.

One of the brightest and most popular city events is the city festival, or the Night of the Burning of the Idol, which takes place on Easter night, and many tourists come here precisely for this event.

How to get to Magdeburg

Magdeburg has its own airport, which accepts both domestic and international flights. Leipzig Airport is also located 100 km from the city. Magdeburg is connected to the outside world via the federal highways A2 and A14 and by rail.

Search for flights to Berlin (closest airport to Magdeburg)

Shopping: shops

The city's main shopping alleys are Breiter Weg, Ernst-Reuter-Allee, as well as shopping arcades on Halberstädter Strase and in the Sudenburg quarter.

Guides in Magdeburg

Popular hotels in Magdeburg

Entertainment and sights of Magdeburg

The Dom St. Katharina und Mauritius Cathedral, founded by Emperor Otto I, rises on the Domfelsen rocks (Domfelsen, "cathedral rocks") - the oldest building in the city. Together with the Kaiserplatz (Kaiserpfalz, Imperial Square), the cathedral was once the center of the so-called Third Rome.

The Monastery of St. Virgin Mary (Kloster Unser Lieben Frauen) is one of the main reasons why Magdeburg is called the pearl of the "Romanesque Route" (Straße der Romanik). The northern part of the monastery borders on Domplatz (Cathedral Square).

In front of the Town Hall (Rathaus) on the Alter Markt (Old Market) there is a copy of the famous Magdeburger Reiter monument. The original is in the Kulturhistorischen Museum, which is described below.

Magdeburg museums

The Historical and Cultural Museum (Kulturhistorisches Museum) houses a collection of art and craft objects: 40,000 archaeological finds and medieval values, 10,000 exhibits about the history of the city, more than 11,000 coins and medals, 1,400 items on military subjects, 800 pieces of furniture, about 1,100 paintings, etc. Working hours: Mon day off, excursions by agreement.

The Technical Museum (Technikmuseum) contains exhibits that tell about the economic and social history of the city. Opening hours: Mon day off, excursions by agreement.

Magdeburg and surroundings

The steamer Württemberg, after her last voyage along the Elbe in 1974, anchored for a long time off the island of Rotehorn. Now it functions as a museum (Museumsschiff), where you can see its interior, an exhibition about navigation on the Elbe.

The permanent exhibition of the Museum of Art (Kunstmuseum) covers works from ancient times to the Art Nouveau era, German sculpture of the 20th century, as well as contemporary art.

Tower Jahrtausendturm (Millennium Tower, 60 m), which is located in the Elbauenpark (Elbauenpark) - the tallest wooden building in Germany. Here, in five exhibition halls, you can see: the pyramids from Giza, an ancient Roman road, a medieval slewing crane, Newton's mirror telescope and fiberglass optical sensors. Working hours: from April to October, closed on Mondays.

The Museum of Art in the Convent of St. Virgin Mary is the most important exhibition hall for contemporary art in Saxony-Anhalt. The collection includes works by Castellani, Anselmo, Zorio, Holzner, Brelo and Ikemura. Opening hours: Mon day off, excursions by agreement.

Magdeburg is a famous city located on the territory of the former GDR. This city has a rich history associated with international wars and religions. Architectural monuments such as the Imperial Cathedral, famous for its grandeur, the Monastery of the Holy Virgin Mary, testify to the pre-existing wealth of the imperial city.

Geographical location of Magdeburg

Magdeburg is the capital of the federal states of Saxony-Anhalt, characterized by its greenery and twenty picturesque parks.

Climate of Magdeburg

The climate in these places is continental and temperate. The weather is no different from the rest of central Germany. The average temperature here in summer is + 220C, and in winter it is zero temperature.

Historical background about Magdeburg

For the first time, references to Magdeburg in historical references are found in 805. Here the city passes as a trade point. A Benedictine monastery was founded here by Emperor Otto I in 937. Adalbert-Vojtech studied at the Macdeburg Cathedral School for ten years (970-980) under the guidance of Adalbert Magdeburg.

In the 11th century (1013) the city was ravaged by the Polish king Boleslav I the Brave. Thanks to its participation in the Schmalkalden League, Magdeburg was besieged by the troops of Moritz of Saxony for ten months (October 1550 - August 1551), and in the end was forced to take the enemy garrison.

During the Thirty Years War, Magdeburg was besieged by Wallestein's troops for seven months (1629). And only in 1631, the troops of the imperial commander Tilly were able to take the city by storm. Having burst into the city, the imperials rampaged, exterminated the townspeople. As a result, Magdeburg turned into a heap of ash.

An important role in the development of the city was played by its religious life. So, after the founding of the city in 968, the Magdeburg Archbishopric was formed, whose representatives constantly fought with the neighbors of the Slavs and Brandenburg Margraves.

Already at the end of the 15th century, the archbishop's area had two parts, which were divided by the possessions of Anhalt, and had a total area of ​​5.4 thousand square meters. km. By the 16th century, the office of archbishop was elective. A similar system of appointment also applied to Magdeburg administrators. As a duchy, the Magdeburg Archdiocese was annexed in 1648 to Brandenburg, which received full power only in 1680.

In the 19th century (1806), the city was again sieged now by the French corps of Ney. At the same time, two sieges were unsuccessful, and on the third Magdeburg was forced to surrender. The city occupied by the French was attacked by the Prussian and then Russian troops. The blockade was lifted only after the conclusion of an armistice.

In 1814 Magdeburg was again blockaded, but was cleared only in May by the French after receiving news of the capture of Paris.

During the Second World War, the city already had 350 thousand inhabitants. During this period, it suffered greatly from the Allied bombing, due to which the northern outskirts of Magdeburg were almost completely destroyed.

After the war, the buildings that survived the bombing were dismantled, and only some buildings near the Cathedral could survive in their pre-war state. Before the unification of Germany (1990), Magdeburg was the center of the district of the same name and was located on the territory of the GDR. In the future, the federal state of Saxony-Anhalt is formed, the capital of which becomes Magdeburg. At the same time, the city center is being formed only in a modern style.

In 1994 Magdeburg becomes the seat of a diocese.

Attractions Magdeburg

In Magdeburg, initially there was a division into two parts: "spiritual" and "secular". The same division has survived to this day. In the "secular" is the Market Square with an early Baroque town hall on two floors, dating back to the 17th century. Directly in front of the Town Hall, under the stone canopy itself, stands the guardian of the city - Roland.

Back in the Middle Ages, it was customary to erect on the main square a statue of the European hero-knight Roland, who was called upon to protect the city from wars or plague. Roland was also considered to be a symbol of the city's justice. Roland's sculpture in Magdeburg is dated 1240.

In the southern part of the city there is a “monastery” part, which is represented by the presence of the Cathedral and the monastery of St. Mary, which are the pearl of German Romanesque. These complexes date back to the construction of the 11th - 13th centuries and constitute a significant part of the German tourist route called the Romanic Route. Both the Cathedral and the monastery are famous for their organ concerts. The exclusivity of the Cathedral is represented by its rich interior decoration - a carved oak choir and sculptural decoration of the cathedral's portals.

On a peninsula between the old and the new Elbe, opposite the Old Town, lies the beautiful Rotehorn City Park, created at the end of the 19th century.

Excursions in Magdeburg

City tours will give you a huge amount of impressions. A Gothic cathedral, which is central in Germany, was erected here, and the rather old Hanseatic city of Stendal is also well preserved. There are other buildings in Magdeburg that attract the interest of tourists.

Wonderful places for tourists to visit are located directly in the city itself. So, right on the rocks Domfelsen (translated as "cathedral rocks") is the oldest building in the city, founded by Emperor Otto - the Cathedral of St. Catherine and Mauritius. Once the cathedral, together with the Kaiserpatz square, was the center of the "Third Rome".

The Historical and Cultural Museum keeps a collection of handicrafts and art items. This collection contains over 40 thousand archaeological finds and values ​​of the Middle Ages, 10 thousand exhibits from the history of the city, over 11 thousand medals and coins, about one and a half thousand items from a military theme, 800 exhibits of furniture, over a thousand paintings, etc. Visiting the museum is allowed on any day except Monday.

The Technical Museum houses exhibits that tell about the economic and social history of Magdeburg. The working hours are the same as those of the Historical and Cultural Museum.

Another rather interesting museum is located on the ship "Württemberg", which anchored near the Rotehorn Island after its last voyage along the Elbe (1974). In such a museum, you can see the interior of the ship, as well as admire an exhibition on navigation on the Elbe.

The Museum of Art houses a permanent exhibition covering exhibits from ancient times to the Art Nouveau era. Visitors can also see 20th century sculpture and other contemporary art.

In the Elbauenpark, there is a 60 m high Millennium Tower called Yartausendturm. It is the tallest wooden structure in Germany, containing five exhibition halls, in which you can see the pyramids from Giza, and the ancient Roman road, and the medieval crane, fiberglass optical sensors, and Newton's mirror telescope. A visit to the museum is available from April to October, closed on Monday.

The Museum of Art, located in the monastery of St. Virgin Mary, houses the famous exhibition hall of modern art from Saxony-Anhalt. It contains works by Anselmo, Castellani, Zorio, Brelo, Holzner and Ikemur.

Places for entertainment and shopping in Magdeburg

The main shopping alleys (Breiter Veg, Ernst Reuter Alee) and shopping arcades located on Halbersteter Straße and the Sudenburg quarter are the main places for shoring.

How to get to Magdeburg

There is an airport in Magdeburg that receives both domestic and international flights. Leipzig Airport is located just a hundred kilometers from the city. Also Magdeburg, thanks to the federal highways and the railway, has a connection with the outside world.

Conclusion

Thus, Magdeburg is considered one of the most beautiful cities in Saxony-Anhalt, located on the Elbe River and has a rich history and cultural and architectural heritage. This city was considered to be one of the most important cities of the Middle Ages.

Holidays in Magdeburg provide an excellent opportunity to feel the unique atmosphere of opposites that prevails in the city. At the same time, cultural and historical sights in all their glory will appear before the guests.

Magdeburg is an ancient city in eastern Germany, located on the banks of the Elbe River, in the region of the former GDR. Today it is the capital of the "greenest" federal district of Saxony-Anhalt, on the territory of which there are more than 20 picturesque parks. Magdeburg is also called the city of science, art and culture. It is known to many as the birthplace of the outstanding German engineer, physicist and philosopher Otto von Guericke. In the 17th century, he invented vacuum pumping of air, which is used in the modern world literally at every step. And in honor of his famous experiment with the copper Magdeburg hemispheres, the result of which proved the existence of atmospheric pressure, several monuments of the scientist were erected in the city. At the same time, the famous hemispheres act as an unspoken symbol of Magdeburg, their images and sculptures are located everywhere. The originals are carefully preserved by the German Museum in Munich. In 1993, Otto von Guericke's University of Magdeburg was founded - named after the burgomaster. The city is also widely known for its large number of museums and surviving architectural monuments.

• Area: 201 km²;
• Time zone: UTC + 1, UTC + 2 in summer;
• Population: 238,200.

Historical reference

Magdeburg was founded more than 1000 years ago and during its centuries-old history it has repeatedly experienced periods of decline and prosperity. The first mentions of the settlement as a trading post are found in 805 in the records of the Frankish king Charlemagne, who called it "Magadoburg" - a powerful castle. In 936 Magdeburg became the seat of the King of Germany Otto I, who in 962 ascended to the imperial throne of the Holy Roman Empire created by him. In 937, the great ruler founded the first religious stronghold in the city - the Benedictine monastery of St. Maurice. During the Polish-German War of 1002-1018, in the course of fierce battles, Magdeburg suffered significant destruction and devastation. Since 1035, the city has been rebuilt again and begins to actively develop. In the XIII century, he received the right to self-government, from that time the rapid development of trade and economic relations began. Taking an active part in the Protestant movement, in 1631, Magdeburg was completely burned by the Catholic army under the leadership of Field Marshal Johann Tilly. Since 1816, the city has become the capital of the Saxon lands in Prussia. During the Second World War, it was severely damaged, a large number of architectural monuments of the Middle Ages were destroyed. Since 1949, Magdeburg has been part of the GDR, and after the unification of the country it becomes the capital of the Federal District of Saxony-Anhalt within the Federal Republic of Germany.

general information

The climate of this European part is temperate continental. The weather in Magdeburg is the same as in all central regions of Germany. Summers are warm, with an average temperature of + 22 ° C, winters are mild, with a predominance of zero temperatures.

Typically, most travelers travel to Magdeburg by train from Berlin, where the international airport is located. The city has a large railway junction and with most of the country's settlements, it is connected by means of a railroad bed. Directly you can get to Berlin, Dresden, Leipzig, Halle and Braunschweig, for the rest of the directions you will need a route with transfers, so to go from Magdeburg, for example, to Frankfurt or Hamburg, it is better to take one of the highways, two of which are of federal importance - A14 and A2.

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