Aac - (Notele. AAK) - single-way flat-bottomed ship,

used in the lower Rhine for the transport of wines. According to the design - a small cargo vessel of clinker construction with a semicircular hatch deck, flat-bottomed, without form and ahtersteps. Through the nasal and feeding pieces, the ship's bottom on both ends is flat and the painter rose ranging from the waist. Did not have lateral wovers, carried a simple sprinkting sail and Foka-Staxel. Short Bushrite gave the opportunity to carry the Clelyra, and usually rigging aaaks was like a scorch of the ships of the coast.

The oldest image of aaak refers to 1530

Kölsche Aak, XVI.

Barque (Netherl. Bark) - Three-five-mast large marine sailing vessel for transportation of goods with straight sails on all masts, except the fodder (Bizan-mast) carrier sailing weapons. The largest barks that are still in the ranks - "Sedov" (Murmansk), Kruzenshtern (Kaliningrad).

Bark "Sedov"

Barquentine (Schuna-Bark) is a three-five-five-five (sometimes six-hundredth) marine sailing boat with oblique sails on all masts besides nasal (fock mast) carrying straight sails. Modern steel barciences have a displacement of up to 5 thousand tons and are equipped with an auxiliary engine.

Brig - (BRIG) - a two-volume vessel with direct sailing armament of Fock mast and grotto masts, but with one oblique gafel sail on the grotto - Gota Gaf-Trisel. In the literature, especially artistic, the authors often call this sail counter-bizani, but it should be remembered that the ship with sailing armor brig there is no bizan-mast, and therefore there is no accessories for this mast, although the functional load of the Gota-Gaf-Trisel Beliel Brig is exactly as well as the counter-bizani frigate.

Brigantine (Ital. Brigantino - Schuna-Brig, Brigantina - Bizan) - a lightweight and high-speed vessel with so-called mixed sailing weapons - direct sails on the front mast (fock mast) and with oblique on the back (grotty mast). In the XVI-XIX centuries, two-dimensional brigantines are usually used by pirates (Italy. Brigante is a robber, pirate). Modern brigantines are two-dimensional sailing vessels with a fock mast, having weapons, like a brig, and a mast mast with oblique sails, like schooner - a grott-trisel and top. Brigantine with Bermuda grotto in our time, apparently, does not exist, although references to the very fact of their existence are found.

Galleon - A large multi-phase sailing ship of the XVI-XVIII centuries with sufficiently strong artillery weapons used as military and commerce. The greatest fame of the galleons received as ships carrying Spanish treasures and in the battle of the Great Armada, which occurred in 1588. Galeon is the most advanced type of sailing vessel, appearing in the XVI century. This type of sailing ship appeared during the evolution of Karavel and Karakk (Nebel) and was intended for distant ocean journeys.
The decrease in the tank superstructure and the elongation of the body led to an increase in stability and a decrease in wave resistance, resulting in a faster, nautical and maneuverable vessel. Galeon was distinguished from early ships in that it was longer, lower and straight, with a rectangular feed instead of a round, and the presence on the nose of the galuun, serving forward below the tank level. The displacement of the galleon was about 500 tons (although the Manila's galleons it reached 2000 tons). The first mention of it refers to 1535. In the future, Galloon becomes the basis of the fleet of the Spaniards and the British. The stentevere, very curved and stretched forward, had decorations and in shape resembled the belt Gallery. Long bushrite carried a sail - blond. The nasal superstructure was moved back and did not hang over the terresturn, like the stuff. Feed add-in, high and narrow, was placed on a cut stern. The superstructure had several tiers in which residential premises of officers and passengers were located. A strongly inclined achterstevnya had a trauma above the cargo waterline. On the backside, the stern wall of the superstructure was decorated with carvings and balconies. Gallows were used until the XVIII century, when they gave way to more modern ships with full sailing arms.

Johnka - (Malaysk. Djong, distorted whale. Chuan - ship), Wooden sailing trucks two-four-wing vessel of the river and coastal marine sailing distributed in South-East Asia. In the era of the sailing fleet D. used for military purposes; On modern D. cargo transport, they often serve for housing. D. have a small sediment, lifting capacity - up to 600 tons; characteristics - Very wide, almost rectangular in the plan, raised nose and feed, sails of a four-degree form from mats and bamboo regions.

Iol - (Holle. Jol), a variety of two-volume sailing vessel with oblique sails. The position of the feed mast (behind the axis of the steering wheel) of IOL differs from the pendant from whom the fodder mast is ahead of the axis of the steering wheel. Iola sailing arms have some large yachts and commercial vessels.

Caravel (ITAL. Caravella) - 3-4 mast one-lubber universal sailing wooden ship capable of ocean swimming. Karavel had a high nose and stern for resistance to oceanic waves. The first two masts had straight sails, and the last - oblique sail. Karavel was used in the XIII-XVII centuries. In 1492 on 3 caravels there was a transatlantic sailing of Columbus. In addition to navigation, Karavella have high loading capacity.

Karakka. (Ip. Carraca) - a large shopping or military sailing three-volume vessel of the XVI-XVII centuries. Displacement up to 2 thousand (more often 800-850) tons. Armament of 30-40 guns. The ship could accommodate up to 1,200 people. The vessel had up to three decks and was designed for long-term ocean swimming. The Karakka was heavy on the go and possessed bad maneuverability. The type of such vessel was invented by the Genoese. 1519-1521 Karakki "Victoria" From the forwarding of Magellan first made around the world. For the first time, cannon ports were applied on the drainage and implemented guns in closed batteries.

Karakka "Victoria", recreated in Spanish samples of the XVI century

Kech, Cech (English. Ketch), two-dimensional sailing ship with a small fodder mast, located ahead of the axis of the steering wheel. Sailing weapon type K. (Bermuda or Gafel) have some fishing vessels, large sports yachts.

Fleute- Type of sailing vessel, having the following distinguishing features:
* The length of these vessels in 4 - 6 and more times more than their width, which allowed them to walk under the sails are already quite cool to the wind.
* Inventions were introduced in 1570
* The height of the mast exceeded the length of the vessel, and the rei became shortened, which made it possible to do narrow and convenient sails and cut the total number of the top command.

The first flute was built in 1595 in the city of Horns, the Center for Shipbuilding of the Holland, in the Gulf of Zider-Ze. The sailing armament of Fock and Grota Machet consisted of Fock and Gott and the corresponding Marseilles, and later on large flutes and bramssellers. On the Bizan-mast, a straight sail of the Crywise was raised above the usual oblique sail. On the bushrite put a rectangular sail blond, sometimes a bubblid. On the flutes for the first time the steering wheel appeared, which facilitated the handling of the steering wheel. The flutes of the early XVII century had a length of about 40 m, a width of about 6.5 m, a precipitate 3 - 3.5 m, loading capacity of 350-400 tons. For self-defense, 10 - 20 guns were installed on them. The crew consisted of 60 - 65 people. Court of this type was characterized by good nautical qualities, high speed, large capacity and used mainly as military transport. Throughout the XVI-XVIII centuries, the flutes occupied a dominant position on all seas.

Frigate - Military threematch ship with full sailing weapons and one gun deck. Frigates were one of the most diverse class characteristics. sailing ships. The origin of the frigates lead from lungs and high-speed vessels used for raids in the La Mans Strait since around the XVII century. With the growth of marine fleets and their radius, characteristics dunkirk frigates stopped satisfying the admiralty, and the term began to interrupt expanding, meaning, in fact, any lightweight vehicle capable of independent actions. The classic frigates of the sailing century were created in France in the middle of the XVIII century. These were medium-sized ships with a displacement of about 800 tons, armed with about two or three tens of 12-18 pound guns on one tool deck. In the fatal displacement and the power of weapons of the frigates grew by the time of Napoleonic wars, they had about 1000 tons of displacement and up to sixty 24-pound guns. The largest of them could be included in the combat line and worked the name of linear frigates, like the linear cruisers of the 20th century. Like the current cruisers, the frigates were the most loaded type of ships of the sailing fleet. In peacetime, the frigates, as a rule, were not put on a joke, like linear ships, and were used for patrol and cruising service, fighting piracy and training crews. Reliability and speed of frigates made them popular courts for researchers and travelers. For example, the French traveler Louis Antoine De Bougougville made round-the-world swimming on the "Budyon" frigate (angry) in 1766-1769, and the famous Fregat "Pallada", on which in 1855 Admiral E. V. Putyatin arrived in Japan to establish diplomatic and trading Relations, was built in 1832 as a personal yacht of Emperor Nikolai I. In the British Royal Fleet, which had, in many testimonies, the largest number of frigates in the world, they had ranks from the fourth on the sixth.

Frigate "Holy Spirit"

Sloop(Small Corvette) (Golle. Sloep, from Sluipen - to slide) - the three-mahth warship of the second half of the XVIII - the beginning of the XIX centuries with direct sailing arms. Displacement up to 900 tons. Armament 10-28 guns. Used for sentirect and messenger services and as a transport and forwarding vessel. In addition, the gate is called the type of sailing weapons - one mast and two sails - front (Staxel at Bermuda Armament, the Cleaver with direct armament) and the rear - (correspondence, grotto and fock).

Soviet Slut "Enterprise"

Schooner(eng. Schooner) - type of sailing vessel having at least two masts with oblique sails. By the type of sailing weapons, the schooners are divided into Gafel, Bermuda, Staxel, Marseille and Brahsels. Brahsel schooner is different from the milestone presence of brams-walls and another additional direct sail - Brahsels. At the same time, in some cases, Marseille and branded two-dimensional schooners (especially with a brief) can be confused with a brigantine. Regardless of the type of oblique sails (Gafel or Bermuda), the schooner may be marsel (braymnel). The first vessels with the shhun rigging appeared in the XVII century in Holland and England, but the widespread use of Schunov got in America. They had two masts with boiled sails and were used for coastal transport. At the end of the XIX century, the competition of steamers led to the need to reduce the teams of ships. Due to the simplicity of sailing arms and ease of control, it was Schunov who were able to stand in this struggle. Basically built two- and three-volume schooners, less often four-, five- and six-wave. And in 1902, in the city of Qunesi (USA), the only seven-day schooner "Thomas U. Louus" was launched on the world. Thomas U.LUSON was intended for the transport of coal. Each of the seven steel masts with a height of 35 m weighed 20 tons. They were continuing the wooden 17-meter walls. Sailors' work facilitated various mechanisms. Schooner, which did not have the engine, was equipped with a steam steering wheel, steam winches, an electrical system and even a telephone network! After the First World War, when there was not enough commercial ships, Americans, possessing excellent forests, built a lot of wooden shhun of various sizes with three to five masts.

Yacht(Notele. Jacht, from Jagen - chase, pursue) - originally light, fast vessel for transporting important persons. Subsequently, any sailing, motor or sailing and motor vessel, designed for sports or tourist purposes. The most common sailing yachts.

The first mention of sports sailing yachts belong to the XVII century. Modern use of the term yacht in modern use The term yacht means two different classes of vessels: sailing yachts and motor yachts. Traditional yachts differed from work ships in general appointment - as a fast and comfortable means of transporting rich. Almost all modern sailing yachts have an auxiliary motor (suspended motor) for maneuvering in port or movement at low speed in the absence of wind.

Sailing yachts
Sailing yachts are divided into cruising having a cabin, and designed for long-distance traps and racing, pleasure and racing - for swimming in the coastal zone. In the form of the body, naval yachts are distinguished, in which the bottom goes to ballast keel (more precisely falsekil), which increases the stability of the yacht and preventing its demolition (drift) with a course under sails, small-scale (wvertbotes), with sliding keel (swag) and compromises having a ballast and retractable keel. There are two-circuing yachts - catamarans and three-circuing yachts - trimarans. Yachts are single and multi-agent with various sailing arms.

The very first sailing vessels (will be described in this article) appeared more than three thousand years ago in Egypt and were a regular raft with a straight mast and steering paddle. A little later, the Phoenicians began to do more improved models. To build them, they used the wood of the Lebanese cedar and oak. In the ports of Phenicia were shipyard, which produced trading one-way boats and more equipped military vessels. Approximately in V c. BC e. The sea fleet already had ancient Greeks and Romans. However, large sailing ships appeared in Europe during the Great geographic discoveries. It was then that the most powerful European powers in search of new colonies began to equip the sea flotilla for travel not only through the ocean, but also around the world. So began a stubborn struggle for domination in the sea, which contributed to the active development of the shipbuilding industry.

in the modern world

Nowadays, when a military fleet is equipped with powerful ships equipped according to the first word, sailing models began to be used mainly for entertainment. Most of the modern sailboats make up the yachts. In Europe and America, where sports clubs exist, sports regatta are arranged annually. Most often in such events take part

The regatta is a water contest between sailing or rowing courts.

Traditionally, such competitions are held in America and England. Some regatta are major international competitions, such as, for example. "America's Cup."

The classification of sailing vessels is determined depending on the snap and technical characteristics. Below are the main types of types of sailboats.

Classification by the type of sails

Ships with straight sails.

Courts with oblique sails.

The straight sail was used by the ancient Egyptians and the Phoenicians. It is a cloth in the form of a trapezoid, attached to the horizontal rete. Ships with straight sails go well only with the passing wind, so they were quickly changed to ships with oblique sails.

Spit sail is located on the back of the mast, to which it is attached to its front edge. Courts with oblique sails are perfectly walking both under the backwater, and under the sharp to the wind. Boose sails, in turn, are divided into:

Latin.

Gaffle sails.

Cliver and Stakeli.

Classification by the number of mast

Single sailing yachts.

Two-volume yachts.

Multualumes yachts.

Mast is part of sailing weapons. It is a vertical ship construction, which is usually supported using special stretch marks. Matches were made mainly of coniferous wood.

Masts in the modern world

On large modern ships that do not have sailing equipment, masts have lost their basic function and are used for other purposes:

To carry the national attributes of their country (flag and coat of arms).

To carry out the identification signs about the current state of the vessel (quarantine on board, fire on board, educational anxiety, etc.).

To install various lighting signal signs.

To install some audio signaling devices.

In order to give a tribute to the state in whose waters on this moment There is a ship. The mast establishes the national flag of this country.

If there is a dead man on board, then the state flag is laughed in the sign of Mourning and Dani of respecting his memory.

Types of mast

Fock mast. This is the very first mast, if you count the vessel's nose.

Grotto mast. It is the second construction of a similar type from the nose of the ship. On two-three students, it is also the highest.

Bizan-mast. Feed mast, which on any vessel is the most latter from the nose.

What types of water vehicles exist?

Classification of sailboats by type of hull:

Wooden.

Plastic.

Steel.

Classification of sailing ships by the number of cases:

Single Phone

Two-circuit (sailing catamarans)

Three-circuit (sailing trimarans).

And finally, the classification of sailing vessels depending on the use of keel:

Kelem yachts (on such vessels use heavy allowing to significantly reduce the drift of the vessel and reduce the center of gravity).

Schratbots (a special swag is installed on such yachts, if necessary, it can be raised and reduced the sediment of the vessel).

Compromise yachts (they use intermediate design solutions between warstbots and kille structures).

A variety of ships

The names of sailing ships should be transferred.

AAA is a small single-sided ship with a flat bottom, intended for the carriage of small cargo.

Bark is large shiphaving from three to five masts. The vessel is mainly equipped with straight sails, only one oblique is fixed on the feed mast.

Barchenina is a sea three-five-wave sailboat. Most masts are equipped with oblique sails. Only the nasal design has a straight sail.

Brig is a two-volume ship that has direct sailing weapons on the grotto mast and a fock mast and braid hansel sail on a grotto.

Brigantine is a light two-volume vessel with oblique sails on the grotto and straight sails on the fock mast, this type of sailing weapon is called mixed.

Galeon is a large multipleam ship with powerful artillery weapons. Gallows were intended for distant marine travel and battles. Such sailing vessels were quite high-speed and maneuverable and constituted the main part of the Spanish and English fleet.

Johnka - a wooden two-four-way vessel, which was used mainly in Southeast Asia and was intended for river or coastal maritime freight traffic.

Iol is a two-dimensional vessel having oblique sails and the position of the feed mast behind the axis of the steering wheel.

Karavella - three-four-particle marine vessel with mixed sailing arms intended for marine swimming and significant freight traffic.

Galera is so called almost all sailing-rowing vessels, they were used in antiquity. In addition to sailing weapons, there were one or two row rows.

Karakka is a large three-volume vessel used for trading and military purposes. The ship could have up to three decks and possessed an impressive cannonish weapon.

Cache - a small two-dimensional ship. Different with the location of the feed mast ahead of the axis of the steering wheel.

Frigate - a military threematch that has full sailing weapons. The classic frigate was created in France in the middle of the eighteenth century and was a slight maneuverable ship with good weapons.

Flute is a good marine sailing ship designed for military transport purposes. Due to the fact that the length of this ship was several times more than his width, Fleute could walk quite cool to the wind, and this gave him a significant advantage over other, less maneuverable courts.

The slut is a military three-maht ship running under right sails. Used as a sentiment and vehicle.

Schooner is a light sailing ship that had a minimum of two masts with oblique sails. Schununas are very convenient in management. They were mainly used for various trade transportation.

Yacht

Initially, sailing yachts were quick and lightweight vessels used to transport high-ranking persons. Subsequently, the yacht began to call any or just a sailing vessel, intended for tourist or sports purposes.

The first yachts appeared in the eighteenth century. They were fast enough and comfortable, which is why the rich people preferred this type of sea transport. Modern sailing yachts have a suspended motor that makes it easy to maneuver in the port and sail with low speed even during a full calm. They are divided into cruising (they have a cabin on board), pleasure and racing.

Buy in the store

To date, many historical sailboats no longer exist and remained only on the pages of adventure novels and in pictures in magazines and books. But you should not be very upset. In the store you can purchase vessels intended for thematic decor. There are also special sets and benefits for assembling sailing ships with their own hands. It is worth noting that collecting models of ships is a very entertaining hobby, gaining momentum in Russia.

The most famous and legendary sailing vessels, photos and models of which are popular:

Bark "Endeavor" is the famous ship by James Cook, on which he sailed to the Australia and New Zealand's shores unexplored.

"Neva" and "Nadezhda" - two gate, which for the first time in Russian history have made worldwide swimming.

"Prince" - English frigate, sunk in 1854 in the Black Sea after a catastrophic storm. Popiously received thanks to rumors about the sunken treasures, which he transported.

Mary Rose is the flagship military English king Heinrich eighth, who tragically sank in 1545.

"Great Republic" is the largest clip of the nineteenth century, which was built by the famous shipbuilder Donald McKeem.

"Ariel" - the British clipper, which became famous for the fact that in 1866 he won the famous "Tea race" from China to London.

"Adventure" is a ship of one of the most famous pirates - Captain William Kidda.

Conclusion

The era of sailing ships was truly exciting adventure times and romance. Sailing vessels participated in numerous marine battles, flooded to the unknown shores and transported invaluable treasures with whom the great many legends are connected. The ships of this type are devoted to a huge number of literary works. Based on historical events and mystical stories involving sailing models, many famous adventure films were shot.

Types of sailing weapons are quite diverse and depend mainly on the conditions in which the ship is to be paid, and on its size. Armament of sailing vessels differs mainly in the form of major sails.

Large sailing vessels were wore (and now worn) so-called straight sails. They have a trapezoid form and rise on horizontal rims, located symmetrically mast and in front of it. Under such sails, the ship is well only with the passing wind; It can only go to the wind at a large angle - about 60-70. On sports yachts, straight sails are not used as the main, but on large cruisers, sometimes on passing courses put a direct extra sail, called a brief.

Sport sailing yachts are equipped exclusively oblique sails, which are located one (rear) side of the mast and the front edge are attached to it. Boose sails provide significantly better traction characteristics when swimming against wind than straight sails.

There are several types of oblique sails.

The quadrangular haftel sail (Fig. 12, B and 13, a) has a gaffle-inclined mague tree, resting in a mast one end. The outer mackerel (edge) of the sail is attached to the hafel. The front meal of sails is attached to the mast, and the bottom - to the guy, a horizontal hazardous tree, which with the help of hellum (hinge). Connected with mast. A variety of Gafer Sails is a gairi sail with a very long buffer (often longer than guy and even masts), standing almost vertically.

Currently, two-seams are used very rarely.

On small yachts, preferably on open sailing tumira dingies, sometimes rake or sprinkle sails. The ripples are replaced with a rake, to which the upper particle size of the sail is attached, and its front end comes forward for the mast (Fig. 12, a), or a sprinkle - a sixth, which stretches the sail, resting on the lower end in the mast, and the top Sails diagonally, as at the children's wratbote "Optimist" (Fig. 12, b).

About 40-50 years ago, almost all yachts were armed with gaffes sails. Now apply simpler in circulation and providing the best traction qualities Triangular Bermuda, Sails.

Bermuda sail (Fig. 12, d) does not have a haffel, which facilitates its production. The front mackerel is attached to the mast, and the bottom, like the gaffling sail. - Kit.

In terms of the number of masts, the yachts are divided into single and two-dimensional. Courts with single-algae is Kat, a gate and tender; With two-volume-Iol, Cache and Schuna. Sport yachts rarely have more than two masts. Exceptional in the practice of racing was part of racing of singles across the Atlantic in 1972. Three-machent stainless yacht-schooner "Vandredred 13" with a length of 39m and sailboat about 100 m2.

Kat has one mast and one sail, called the grotto. The mast in Kat is placed relatively close to the nose. Kat is very simple weapons, but it only applies on small yachts to 8-10 m2. With larger sail, it is inconvenient-sail, it turns out high, therefore the power of the wind pressure on the sail is appaped relatively high. Yacht has to be made wide, with increased stability.

In the USSR and in most European countries, Kat (Fig. 12) -ond-based armament of racing lonely rings, which is controlled by one person (for example, the wrathbots of the "OK" classes, "Optimist" and "Finn").

To reduce the height of sailing and increasing the stability of a small and medium-sized yacht (sailing to 60m2), they are most often equipped with a gate (Fig. 13).

The gate is weapons, in which the yacht besides the grotto carry another front sail, called Staxel. The gate can be a Gafle or Bermuda.

Bermuda gate is now the most common weapon for small and medium yachts. Two varieties can be distinguished among the Bermuda boats: a normal Bermuda gate (or, as it is often called, "three quarters", since Staxel usually reaches 75-80% of the height of the mast) and the Bermuda Slut with the Top Staxel (Staksel rises at the straggment going on The top mast). The first variety is characteristic of racing, and the second is for cruising and racing yachts (Fig. 13, B and B). The gap between the mast and the Staxel Stag is called the front triangle.

Fig. 14 tenders "
A - Gafer, B - Bermud

When sailboat is more than 60-80m2, it is divided between the large number of sails. Then apply the type of weapons called the tender. Tender (Fig. 14) carries two or more front sails in the front triangle than and different from the gate. These sails are called: Staxel (Mount to Mast below), the Cleaver (Ahead of the Stakshel) and the Cleaver Topsel (or a pilot) which is set at the Mast Top.

Tenders, like the boat, can be gaffes and Bermuda. Gaffle tenders most often have a mast not solid, and consisting of two parts: masts and walls (baptizing to the mast from above, which can be omitted).

Two-volume weapons (Fig. 15) are used on large cruising yachts, where to reduce the roll, it is important to have even lower sailboats than in tenders. In addition, the distribution of common sailiness for several sails makes it easier for the crew with them, which is especially important on yachts that make distant navigation. Pure sea advantages of two-way yachts are very large: cleaning of certain sails can be immediately reduced sailboat, and combining these sails, you can adapt to a large range of wind forces without taking reefs.

Not very large cruising yachts (50-100 m2) in most cases are armed with an IOL or KEC. Iol has a short back mast (Bizan Mast), which is installed behind the helm head. The sail on this mast is called Bizagna. Iola can be like a buzzer "and Bermuda. We note that for all two-volume yachts with oblique sails, the type of weapons is determined by the form of a grotto. So, if Iol has a gaffel grotto, it is called a gaffle, regardless of what bizan on him - Gafel or Bermuda. The Square of Bizani on Iol is usually 8-10% of the total yacht sailiness area.

Fig. 15. Two-volume yachts.
A - Bermuda Iol; B - Staxel Cache. In - Gafel schooner; G - Bermuda Staxel Shhun

Cache is different from Iola a greater bizano, which has an area of \u200b\u200b15-25% of the total sailboat, and the fact that the Bizan-mast is facing the head of the steering wheel.

Like an IOL, CEC can be Bermuda or Gifel. Sometimes the Cach has a grotto without a guy, with a squirrel corner located at the top of the Bizan mast. The lower gap is then filled with a large Bizan-Staxel. Such kacchi is called stakselny (Fig. 15, b). Bizan-Staksel may be in ordinary Cache or Iola, only in this case it must be removed when shutting up a grotto from one side to another.

On jolas, Bizan is rather an air steering wheel than a sail, in addition, in some cases, IOL is more convenient from the point of view of the crew on the deck and the review for the steering.

Schooner has a rear mast above or equal to the front. The front mast two-wave schooner is called Fock Mast, and the rear is a grotto. Sails are called Fock and Grotto, respectively. Schununa, like other yachts, can be Gafel and Bermuda. Bermudes schooners are often armed with a Gafel Fock (with an equal to the Bermuda Fok height, it can have a large sailiness area than the last one). There is a kind of Bermuda schooner-stancel schooner (Fig. 15, d). This schooner has no Fock. The gap between the fock and grottoes (intermacht quadrilateral) is filled with one or more oblique triangular sails. Schumuns, as a rule, arm the largest yachts - sailboat more than 150-200 m 2.

Project cruising yacht with displacement of 16.8 tons

Cruising yacht with displacement of 16.8 tons (project D. A. Kurbatova) is intended for swimming in the Baltic Sea and Ladoga Lake, as well as for training outputs. The main dimensions and the main elements of the yacht meet the requirements for the seaworthy class of yachts to the classification of 1958

Two types of sailing weapons are developed: IOL and CEC. Armament of the IOL type with the Top Staxel provides an improvement in the cost-effectiveness and is easier to control.

The yacht is a smooth-up ship with cutting in the stern. There are 10 beds (along with Captain's cabin) and a spare bed in a galley.

Household equipment of the yacht includes a galoze with a gas stove, a gallow-type boat type, cabinets, righteous and fresh water system.

1 - Akhtorpik; 2 - cockpit; 3 - cutting; 4 - galley; 5 - cabin; 6 - Galun;
7 - nasal cabin; 8 - Look.

A variant of installing an auxiliary engine M51-y with an angular reverse gear of 62 liters has been developed. with. at 1650 rpm. The fuel supply of 300 liters ensures the autonomy of navigation to 100 miles at 8 knots.

The housing of the yacht has sharp circuits. The coefficient of total completeness δ \u003d 0.22; The coefficient of longitudinal, completeness φ \u003d 0.53 and the relative length L / D 1/3 \u003d 4.3. The shape of the hull will provide sufficient stability and hosses of the yacht.

The body is all welded from steel art. 3. System set transverse. The thickness of the outer sheat is 4 mm; Patch - 400 mm. Deck flooring with a thickness of 3 mm of steel st. 3 covered with mastic or wood.