Great geographical discoveries. The most famous travelers and their discoveries The most important geographical journeys

Today is my little anniversary - exactly two years of non-stop travel. For this date, I prepared a short article, the main thoughts of which were compiled into a list. Every person who decides to take this action will experience a list of wonderful travel moments: to leave everything and everyone behind and go to discover oneself and, as a result, see how the peoples of other countries of the world live and get high from the unreal beauty of the natural wonders around. If every person overcomes internal questions in the style of: “How will I live without my family and friends?”, “What about my work in the office?” (“What about my pension?” a question from the same opera), “How will I save for an apartment/car?” and an endless list of questions, it will open amazing world which is called travel.

Here are my 12 reasons why people simply need to travel!

1. Travel teaches you things you never knew.

First of all, this is geography :) If you had asked me 2 years ago which city is the capital, or, I would have had to shyly go to Google. But now I know even more, due to constant dreams and plans to see this or that country. Secondly, it is the culture and traditions of the peoples of the world. Imagine people who look at life completely differently, who have strange and, at times, terrifying traditions and a completely different religion. All this inspires and awakens your curiosity about everything you see and feel.

Travel is always about exploration!

2. Learn to be tolerant

A useful thing in society. If you are tolerant, it means you are educated and generally a normal person. When going on a trip, expect that people in another country will be different: different in skin color and eye shape, traditions and religion, outlook on life and way of life. Therefore, you must always respect a state of affairs that is different from yours and understand that you are not at home. In another country, you are a guest and must take into account their peculiarities.

Travel is what makes us better!

3. Learn to be independent

When traveling, you never depend on anyone, you completely surrender to yourself and rely only on yourself. Therefore, this is, first of all, self-knowledge and the disclosure of one’s abilities and capabilities.

Traveling is independence!

4. Traveling is fun and always a great adventure.

If you are going abroad not on a hot trip to some all inclusive hotel for a week, and you do everything yourself, including creating an entertainment program, then adventure will definitely find you. It has been tested more than once, especially when you suddenly deviate from the plan of your program, choose a different route from the usual one, or, at worst, decide to go to some crowded cafe on the outskirts of the city. Life just has to provide something like that! Traveling is always fun! Or you bargain at the local market for some little thing and then, having snatched this very little thing for mere pennies, you feel like a hero and smile from ear to ear all day. Or you went to a restaurant to try khinkali, and there was a Georgian ensemble singing at the top of their lungs - and your mood improved! Or there are boys playing football in the yard of the house, who as soon as they see you, run up to say hello and shake hands. Or when you meet many different pets on your way in the mountains, you immediately run to cuddle and pet them (not to mention the million photos on your phone).

Traveling is fun!

5. Good language practice

In my case, English. Every person should know at least basic things English language so that you can explain yourself at least at the level of a first-grader. But since language learning at home proceeds in a passive form, when traveling you can’t go anywhere without active practice. If you communicate every day among native speakers or at least those who are the same as you, but when communicating in your native languages ​​you do not understand each other, then the awkwardness and embarrassment gradually goes away, the level of the language improves and there are fewer misunderstandings with other people. Better than sitting at home and knowing the language only in theory.

6. See what you can or cannot live without

One of the meanings of life is to find for yourself what only you need and determine your comfort zone. Staying far beyond the borders of your country, you begin to understand the true value of things, for example, you rethink communication with family and friends, the need for universal approval. And about household things, such as the presence of a microwave oven, TV, hot water and you completely forget.

Travel is a choice!

7. Find out your abilities outside of your comfort zone

When you go far from home, you realize that your soft bed with a pillow will no longer please you, the always clean bathroom will be replaced by one that has already passed through hundreds of people, and in the kitchen everything will not be the way you want it. But it’s always nice to expand your comfort zone, to understand that you could survive anywhere and with minimal waste of nerve cells.

8. Understand what you would like from life and find inspiration

If you feel like life has lost its meaning and you don’t have the strength to do anything, plan a trip! Even for a week. This will give you time to get distracted by thinking, relax and be inspired for new achievements and projects.

Travel is inspiration!

9. Make new acquaintances

Probably the most pleasant thing about traveling is meeting new people and interesting personalities. Through meeting local people you can learn more about the country, city, traditions and religion. Since they are local, neither Wikipedia nor any other blog will tell you about this. They will show you places where you can dine without compromising your health, and show you where to buy fruits/vegetables to make them tastier and cheaper! They will show you how they spend their leisure time and how they have fun and will advise you better than any guide on what to see in the city.

10. Try cuisine from different countries of the world

It is unlikely that you will be able to try real Adjarian khachapuri, Georgian khinkali, and Dal Bat rice, Thai Tom Yum soup and Vietnamese spring rolls at home. People even came up with a new branch in travel - gastronomic tours. Simply put, when you go abroad just to eat and get drunk :)

Travel is always delicious!

11. The opportunity to help people

Volunteering is no longer such a new direction in tourism. People go to poor countries to help both physically and financially. It’s not for me to tell you that a person gets extraordinary satisfaction from helping others. For example, in , after the largest earthquake in history in 2015, a lot of buildings, both ordinary residential buildings and facilities, were destroyed cultural heritage. Without tourism and volunteers, the city would take a very long time to recover. The owner of the house in Nepal, from whom we rented an apartment, is engaged in a large project to rebuild from scratch the only school high in the mountains, which was completely destroyed by an earthquake. He is actively looking for sponsors and collecting cash for the restoration of Yangrima School. To make construction go faster, you can help using this link.

12. Create new pleasant memories that you will never forget

And finally, these are memories. Probably the most expensive thing we can have. We ourselves are the creators of moments: both pleasant and not so pleasant. But still, later it will be cool to remember and in some places understand how you have changed. The main thing is not to forget to live here and now, enjoy life and not look for any reasons to travel. Just open

Many, perhaps, will agree that we receive real education, which will certainly be useful to a person in life, mainly outside the confines of stuffy classrooms. No, this is not a passage in favor of revising the fundamental principles of the modern system of acquiring knowledge. But still, in addition to the usual patterns of “school - teacher - class - tests” and “university - teacher - group - exams”, there are more specific ways to know yourself and the world and gain many necessary skills.
We also suggest looking at the travel website 7daytravel.

In fact, travel is The best way learn a lot of new things for yourself. Are you strolling the streets of Paris, climbing mountain peak in the Himalayas or spending a sunny day on a Dominican beach, travel will never let you down as a teacher.

Just below you will find 10 reasons why traveling - best form education, no matter where you go and what adventures await you.

Learning foreign languages
English is spoken in almost every part of the planet, and more often than not it will work to your advantage. However, it is always better to know the language of the country you are going to visit. Traveling forces you to learn different languages. After learning the basics through books, apps, or videos, you can improve your skills by speaking with a native speaker.

Getting to know other cultures
Traveling not only to other countries, but even to other parts of your own country is the best way to learn a lot of interesting things. You begin to better understand how diverse cultures around the world are, and notice the similarities and differences between the traditions that are familiar to you and the seemingly alien way of life.

Learning history through sightseeing
Yes, you've probably studied ancient civilizations and major historical events as part of your education program, but nothing beats visiting historical sites in person and discovering a wealth of interesting facts.

Do you understand what the world is like today
Travel tells you not only about what the world was like in the past, but also about what it is like today. Surely this is the best way to truly assess the political situation, economic scenarios and social structure of the world in which we live today.

You get to know nature
When you leave your comfort zone in the middle of the concrete jungle and start exploring the most exotic natural phenomena world, you will begin to understand the colossal power of nature. The majesty of nature is essential to solving most global problems such as climate change and air pollution.

You learn new things for yourself
Travel will test you literally every second. Because you open the door to the unknown, travel will force you to do many things that would otherwise never have occurred to you. Whether it's taming elephants in Cambodia, wandering the Appalachians, or dancing samba in Brazil, while traveling you will learn many new things. You may be shy and think that communicating with people is not so easy. But traveling will change this state of affairs, since when traveling it is almost impossible to do without communicating with strangers. Why not a course on personality development?

You gain communication skills
If you spend your life in opposition, constantly reacting in one way or another to the circumstances hanging over you, and at the same time want to change the existing order, but do not know how to do this, traveling will help you learn independence and the ability to control your own life to some extent. fate.

Travel teaches us to be more decisive
When you travel, you learn to be independent, especially if you go alone. You will learn to make decisions on your own and take initiative.

You learn compassion.
When you travel a lot, encountering the many cultural characteristics of people around the world, you begin to realize that despite all the differences, we are still very similar to each other in some ways, and your prejudices about skin color, gender or religion will gradually disappear .

You recognize yourself
This is probably the most important aspect of education that can be gained through travel. Finding ourselves in unknown locations, in unfamiliar circumstances and in unfamiliar cultural layers, we see ourselves differently, noticing many important things in our character, behavior, habits and other components of our personality that we had not previously paid attention to. You realize the true extent of your potential, understand what you enjoy and what genuinely annoys you, and finally come closer to understanding who you really are.

If you think that all outstanding wanderers remained in the era of great geographical discoveries, then we hasten to convince you: our contemporaries also make amazing journeys. It is these people that we will talk about.

Photo: background-pictures.picphotos.net

If we talk about the great travelers of our time, then we cannot ignore the unique talent of Fyodor Filippovich Konyukhov to conquer what, at first glance, is impossible to conquer. Today Konyukhov is the first of the best travelers on the planet to conquer the North and South Poles, highest peaks world, seas and oceans. He has more than forty expeditions to the most inaccessible places on our planet.

A descendant of northern Pomors from the Arkhangelsk province was born on the shore Sea of ​​Azov in the fishing village of Chkalovo. His insatiable thirst for knowledge led to the fact that already at the age of 15, Fedor sailed across the Sea of ​​Azov on a fishing rowing boat. This was the first step towards great achievements. Over the next twenty years, Konyukhov takes part in expeditions to the North and South Poles, conquers the highest peaks, makes four round-the-world trips, participates in a dog sled race, crosses fifteen times Atlantic Ocean. In 2002, the traveler made a solo voyage across the Atlantic in a rowing boat and set a record. More recently, on May 31, 2014, Konyukhov was greeted in Australia with several records at once. The famous Russian became the first to cross Pacific Ocean from continent to continent. It cannot be said that Fyodor Filippovich is a person fixated only on travel. In addition to the nautical school, the great traveler has the Belarusian Art School in Bobruisk and the Modern Humanitarian University in Moscow. In 1983, Fyodor Konyukhov became the youngest member of the Union of Artists of the USSR. He is also the author of twelve books about his own experiences in overcoming the difficulties of travel. At the end of the legendary crossing of the Pacific Ocean, Konyukhov said that he was not going to stop there. He has new projects in his plans: a flight around the world on hot-air balloon, circumnavigating the world in 80 days for the Jules Verne Cup on a keelboat with a crew, diving into the Mariana Trench.

Today, this young English traveler, TV presenter and writer is known to an audience of millions thanks to the highest-rated television program on the Discovery Channel. In October 2006, the program “Survive at Any Cost” began airing with his participation. The goal of the TV presenter is not only to entertain the viewer, but also to give valuable advice and recommendations that can be useful in unforeseen situations.

Bear was born in Great Britain into a family of hereditary diplomats and received an excellent education at the elite Ladgrove School and the University of London. Parents did not interfere with their son's hobby sailing, rock climbing and martial arts. But the future traveler acquired the skills of endurance and the ability to survive in the army, where he mastered parachute jumping and mountaineering. These skills helped him subsequently achieve his cherished goal - conquering Everest. This event occurred at the very end of the last century, in 1998. Bear Grylls has simply irrepressible energy. The list of his travels is huge. From 2000 to 2007 he sailed around British Isles thirty days to raise funds for the British Royal Water Rescue Society; crossed the North Atlantic on an inflatable boat; flew over Angel Falls in a steam-powered airplane, had lunch in a balloon at an altitude of more than seven thousand meters; paraglided over the Himalayas... In 2008, the traveler led an expedition organized with the goal of climbing one of the most remote unconquered peaks in Antarctica. Almost all expeditions in which Grylls participates are charitable.

If you think that long journeys are the prerogative of the strong half of humanity, then you are deeply mistaken. And this was proven by the young American Abby Sunderland, who at the age of 16 alone committed trip around the world on a yacht. It’s interesting that Abby’s parents not only allowed her to undertake such a risky undertaking, but also helped her prepare for it. It should be noted that the girl’s father is a professional sailor.

On January 23, 2010, the yacht left the port of Marina Del Rey in California. Unfortunately, the first voyage was unsuccessful. The second attempt took place on February 6. Very soon Abby reported damage to the yacht's hull and engine failure. At this time she was between Australia and Africa, 2 thousand miles from the coast. After this, contact with the girl was interrupted, and nothing was known about her. The search operation was unsuccessful, and Abby was declared missing. However, a month later, a distress signal was received from the yacht from the southern part Indian Ocean. After 11 hours of searching by Australian rescuers, a yacht was discovered in a severe storm area, in which, fortunately, Abby was safe and sound. A large supply of food and water helped her survive. The girl reported that all the time after the last communication session she had to overcome the storm, and she was physically unable to get in touch and send a radiogram. Abby's example inspires those with a brave spirit to test their limits and never stop there.

One of the most original travelers of our time spent on his unusual journey around the world for thirteen whole years of life. The non-standard situation was that Jason refused the achievements of civilization in the form of any technology. The former British cleaner went on his trip around the world with a bicycle, a boat and... rollerblades!

Photo: mikaelstrandberg.com

The expedition started from Greenwich in 1994. 27-year-old Lewis chose his friend Steve Smith as his partner. In February 1995, travelers reached the United States. After 111 days of sailing, the friends decided to cross the states separately. In 1996, Lewis, traveling on roller skates, was hit by a car. He spent nine months in the hospital. After recovery, Lewis goes to Hawaii, and from there sails on a pedal boat to Australia. On Solomon Islands he hit the epicenter civil war, and off the coast of Australia he was attacked by an alligator. Upon arrival in Australia, Lewis interrupts his trip due to financial difficulties and for some time works in a funeral home and sells T-shirts. In 2005, he moved to Singapore, from there to China, from which he moved to India. Having crossed the country by bicycle, the Briton reached Africa by March 2007. The rest of Lewis's journey takes him through Europe. He cycled through Romania, Bulgaria, Austria, Germany and Belgium, then swam across the English Channel before returning to London in October 2007, completing his unique journey around the world. James Lewis proved to the whole world and to himself that there are no limits to human capabilities.

Photo: mikaelstrandberg.com

It is impossible to measure the value of what travel gives to a person. Traveling has great benefits for every person. Let's find out in the article.

What does traveling really do for a person?

People always ask me – why do I travel? Why travel at all? Why do I want to leave home so much? Why spend money on travel when you can buy a car or something equivalent? Do I miss anything or anyone? Do I feel lonely? What does travel give to a person?

There are many reasons to travel - wanderlust, love of culture, the desire to just leave it all behind, the desire to forget, or the need to meet new people. Traveling becomes a way for people to cope with different situations, experience new experiences, and find themselves. This is why people love to travel.

For every person, traveling has a certain charm. St. Augustine is famous for his quote, “The world is a book, and he who does not travel reads but one page.” I keep this quote and another one by Mark Twain about the lack of regret in my head all the time.

In the book of the world, all the pages are different. Everything is new, everything is changing. It doesn’t matter if you’re going to see the pyramids or experience a new culture, it doesn’t matter if you want to escape from something or learn something, whether you’re going for a month or a year, we all travel because we’re looking for change. We are looking for something new, a change in daily routine or impressions of another culture, change - that’s what traveling gives a person.

Why do people travel?

Recently, people have begun to travel more and here's why - in the modern world of 9 to 5 employment, mortgages, loans and constant bills, our days become like an eternal race, almost indistinguishable from each other and very boring. Under the weight of such a life, a person often forgets about what is really important to him and what he would like from life. We become hostages, sandwiched between the journey to work and back, and the need to take the children to the school, that we forget what the sky looks like and how to breathe in general.

When people ask me why I want to travel so much, I talk about how I live at home and can plan my life months in advance. Ask why? Because all days are similar to each other - traffic jams, work, gym, sleep, repeat. While on a journey every moment promises a new beginning. Not a single day is like the previous one. You cannot plan in advance what will happen to you today, because it is simply impossible. No traffic jams, no errands, no business meetings. Just you and your whim. Travel gives freedom. That's why people travel.

Over the past few years, my life has been constantly changing. Places, cultures, cities, countries are all different from each other. Not a single day was similar to the previous one. In fact, every day is so different from the others that sometimes it seems to me that I have already lived 3 lives instead of one, my days are so busy. Your life will seem longer to you - that's why travel is needed.

People may have many reasons to travel, but everyone is looking for some kind of change. We want to see the world, to see something different, something changeable. Travel brings changes to a person's life and adds spice to it. Exciting, completely different and full of adventure - that’s what traveling provides. Your day will not be subject to working hours, only to the dictates of your heart.

In the ocean of freedom, without a compass to show us the direction, without anything that forces us to do anything, we all float forward.

We want something different from our everyday routine, something that challenges us. We always strive for something new, different, different from what we already have (whatever one may say, this is the spice of our life), this is an integral part of any person. No one jumps up in the morning with joy and gratitude that he has to sit in a stuffy office for 8 hours today. No. We're just talking about how we can get out of this. Break through the walls of everyday life and experience something different. This is why you need to travel.

A person is always looking for something new, something previously unseen - the next page in the book of the world, even if it is temporary. This makes travel so interesting, intriguing and desirable for all of us. This calls us to go towards new places and experiences. Allows us to take a break from office routine and touch the mysterious chaos. Shows us new places, people and cultures. Travel always gives us new experiences - not necessarily outside, but inside us.

This is the benefit of travel for humans.

I live my life as a traveler and don’t know what awaits me ahead, but I can only read one sign that says “Changes are ahead” - and I have no choice but to smile. Looking around at other travelers, I see that they are smiling too. We smile all together, knowing that a new experience awaits us just around the corner - an unexpected adventure, a rewarding experience, a daring challenge, a true friend or the love of our life.

The correct idea of ​​the Earth and its form did not develop among different peoples immediately and not at the same time. People's ideas about the Earth were influenced by the nature around them. Thus, the inhabitants of Babylon imagined the Earth as a mountain, on the western slope of which Babylon was located. The ancient inhabitants of India imagined the Earth in the form of half a sphere resting on elephants, which, in turn, stand on a huge turtle. The ancient Greeks believed that the Earth had the shape of a convex disk, which was washed on all sides by the Ocean River. A copper firmament stretches above the Earth, along which the Sun moves, rising and plunging daily into the waters of the Ocean.

With the development of technology and shipbuilding, people began to travel ever longer. And gradually evidence of the sphericity of the Earth began to accumulate.

The development of navigation and long-distance travel not only made people think about it, they provided a huge amount of information about newly discovered territories. This information had to be somehow recorded and transferred from one person to another. This is how the first images of the area appeared, which began to be improved and subsequently turned into.

The ancient Greeks were outstanding travelers. The historian Herodotus traveled through Asia Minor, the Balkans, and also through the southern regions of the East European Plain - the lands of the legendary Scythians. He compiled descriptions of nature, collected interesting, sometimes semi-fantastic information about the peoples who lived in the north and northeast. Another traveler from the Ancient One was the astronomer Pytheas. He explored the north of Europe, reached Britain, and was the first to establish the relationship between geographic latitude and the length of day and night. (Trace the route of Herodotus and Pytheas on the map.)

But the real time of geography became (XV-XVII centuries). She was preceded amazing trip. In 1271, he, along with his father and uncle, set off on a long trading journey. Their path ran through, then along the Tigris River valley to Persian Gulf, then through the deserts and mountains of Central Asia to China. The Polo family traded there for 17 years and then sailed back. The path ran through the islands, around, past Ceylon. In total, the Polo family traveled for 22 years.

Stories from travelers about distant countries, their wealth and luxury prompted Europeans to look for a convenient sea route to the countries of the East. The expedition set out to find a route around Africa in . This expedition lasted for more than two years, and a new sea route from Europe to India was opened.

Following this, the idea was born to sail from Europe to India not to the east around Africa, but to the west and reach India on the other side. managed to convince the Spanish kings to equip an expedition, and in 1492 three ships set sail. Columbus reached the islands Central America, but about what it is new part world, and not Asia, was found out much later.

Made his first trip around the world. In 1519, his flotilla of five ships left. Only one ship returned back in 1522. Magellan himself died.
Russian travelers contributed to the discovery of the last unknown continent -. In 1820, ships under their command came very close to the shores of the ice continent.

Nowadays, all land areas have been sufficiently explored and described. Now the attention of scientists has turned to the upper, depths of the Earth and Ocean. For research, sounding balloons are launched, space satellites transmit signals about processes occurring on Earth, ultra-deep wells are drilled, and special devices are lowered to the bottom of the World Ocean. Results geographically; research is used in all spheres of human life.

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