One of the amazing cities, famous for its majestic bridges, is St. Petersburg. There are more than 800 bridges that have their own special design and materials used for manufacture. They are constructed to different epochs.
One of the amazing structures is the first vessel of St. Petersburg Bridge - the Big Obukhovsky Bridge. It is a suspension bridge, which consists of a series of pylons connecting with the road surface at the expense of steel cables. He is the first untractable bridge over the Neva River, which can always be reached by the opposite shore in case all other bridges divorced.
Vatets is one of the parts ring road. It is on average Neva, on the border of the Vsevolozhsky district and Nevsky, with its help, the Prospectus of the Obukhov side and the October Embankment are connected. For a long time could not decide on the name of the bridge. The final decision was to call him in honor of the surrounding area, but since in St. Petersburg the bridge with such a name already exists, the prefix "Big" had to be added to the new bridge.
Its construction began in 2001. The monolithic width of each span structure made of two longitudinal beams was installed on the piles of diameter to 1.7 meters, and the height is 2.5 meters. The length of the bridge together with the congresses on the motorway reaches 2884 meters, and spans over water have a height of up to 30 meters, which ensures free passage to all ships. As for the height of the pylons of the pylons, of which the SPB cubed bridge consists, then it is 123 meters. The driving part of the structure is made in the form of an orthotropic plate, which is two steel sheets, fortified by longitudinal stringers (ribs).
The bridge is one of the longest in Russia. If you look at the bridge from the height, you can see two identical bridges located near each other and having the opposite movement. Despite the fact that according to the plan, the completion of the construction of the first half had to happen at the end of 2003, the solemn opening of the first part of the bridge was occurring on December 15, 2004. After three years, October 19, 2007, the second part of the guy bridge was not less solemnly discovered.
Thus, the APB's cable bridge has an eight-vapor movement, four strips on each part. Supporting now here is 80,000 cars per day.
All guy bridges have one advantage - this is the immobility of the canvas. In the world, these bridges are used as railway. Around the world, such bridges were built since 1950. Today, the guided is not just a convenient functional transport object. It also serves and the decoration of the city, which are admired not only local residents, but also guests of the Northern Capital.
During the construction of the bridge, before the opening of the first line, a museum of the guy bridge was organized. This is a unique, in its kind, the museum, which is the first and only museum in all St. Petersburg, dedicated to a specific construction site. Here you can familiarize yourself with the construction history, with details, designs and plans for the future, the prospects for quantum bridges.
: 59.921667 , 30.317778 59 ° 55'18 "s. sh. 30 ° 19'04 "in. d. / 59.921667 ° C. sh. 30.317778 ° C. d. (G) (O) (I)
solid two-walker reinforced concrete arch
Title Bridge
History
First wooden bridge Through the Fontanka River in the target of modern Moscow prospectus was built in 1717. The bridge had in the middle of a transverse slot 70 cm wide, intended for the passage of mast vessels; In the afternoon, this gap was laid by the boards. In 1738, the crossing was rebuilt.
In 1785, a new stone bridge was built, one of the seven-type stone three-propellant bridges through the fountain. Most literary sources are called the author of the project of the French engineer Zhr. Perrone (although it is not actually proven). The bridge was three-span, with arched side spans and a wooden divorce span in the middle. Open granite towers, completed by domes, were erected over river supports. They were prevented by the mechanisms of the adjustable span. In 1865, on the project of the engineer, Mikhailov, a wooden adjustable span was replaced by a permanent brick arch, and the abovemost granite towers disassembled. According to the construction, the bridge has become three-span, with stone vaulted spans, the holes in the light of which were 13.9 by the longitudinal axis; 9.17 and 14 m. The side spans overlapped with granite vaults of the box outline with an arrow of the rise in the light of 2.35 m. The thickness of the archs in the lock was 85 cm, in the chapses it ranged from 95 to 120 cm. The average span out of the circle arc was laid out of bricks with granite cladding; His lifting arrow was 1.52 m. Coastal dresses and river supports were also stone, lined with granite. The periodile fences were metallic and were the usual straight rods, between which small rings were inserted at the top and bottom. The longitudinal axis of the bridge was the direction of the edges of the support angle 67 ° 15 '.
By the end of the 1930s, it was necessary to restructure the bridge, since its width that did not reach 16.5 m, limited the movement on an international prospect of 30.6 m wide. In addition, seeding with the disclosure of seams up to 25 mm was observed in brick arches of the central span . In 1937, the project sector on the operation of bridges and embankments began developing a new bridge project. The authors were engineer V. V. Demchenko and architect L. A. Soskov. In 1939, the bridge was open to movement.
Design
Bridge Three-Run, with solid two-walkers of parabolic outlines. Outside, the span structure and supports are lined with granite slabs. The longitudinal axis of the bridge is with the direction of the faces of the support angle of 60 °. The span formula of the bridge: 14.4 + 18 + 14.4 m. The width of the bridge between the railings is 30.88 m, the width of the roadway is 24.6 m, sidewalks - 3 m. River supports and coastal edges are reinforced concrete, on wooden pile grounds. Under them, 1600 wooden piles are scored, a length of 11 m. The coating of the sidewalks is the granite slabs, the carriageway - asphalt concrete. Initially, a gas pipeline of the Leningrad Gas Network was laid under the upper sidewalk. In 1950, due to gas leakage, an explosion occurred, destroying part of the granite slabs of the sidewalk. The remaining part of the pipe was drowned and fell asleep with sand. After this incident, a decision was made on the plug of gas pipelines at other bridges of the city - Novo-Peterhof, Komsomolsky, etc., solid granite parapets were installed as period fences. Granite obelsities with round glass lanterns on the brackets are installed on the stuff.
miscellanea
- The names went from the bridge: Obukhovsky Avenue (in the XIX century - part of the current Moscow prospectus from Sennaya Square to Fontanka) and Obukhovskaya Square on the Moscow Prospect at the Fontanka River.
- In the hotel located at the Obukhovsky bridge, the hotel was united in 1837 arrived to enter the Engineering School F. M. Dostoevsky.
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| Bridge at the beginning of the XX century | Obukhovsky Bridge before reconstruction (1939) | Obukhovsky Bridge, Lantern |
Literature
- Stroyzdat, Leningr. Deposit, 1986. - 280 p.
- Antonov B. I. Bridges of St. Petersburg. - St. Petersburg: verb, 2002. - 192 p. - ISBN 5-89662-019-5
In the magazine "Business Territory" No. 5 (20) for July 2008, an article-conversation "VanTow bridges - the flying structures of High Tech" of the correspondent of Irina Kirillova with the Deputy General Director for Designing CJSC Institute of Hyproproymost St. Petersburg Oleg Skorik, in which, Including the construction of the guy bridge in St. Petersburg: Currently, in the world practice of bridge buildings there are two technologies of the VANT device, thanks to which the service life guy faces According to standards, it is at least 100 years - these are all-band guy with parallel wires and guys, formed on the installation, made by monostrend technology. It is the second type of technology that is applied on the guy bridge through the Neva. One of the main carrier elements of the guy bridges is pylons. 126-meter metal pylons of the Big Obukhovsky Bridge - the highest structures of St. Petersburg, which are above the spire of the cathedral Petropavlovsk Fortress. For domestic bridge buildings with its capacities and equipment, the construction of guy bridges is a significant innovation. And metal pylons even in the practice of world bridge buildings are rarely applied. Especially for their facilities, the general contractor of construction "Mostootard-19" acquired a pack of Potain with a loading capacity of 40 tons and a height of 160 m. Subcontracting company Mostotrest, who worked on the construction of the Right-Bank Pilon, also had to buy special equipment - Libher crane on the tracked move with a loading capacity of 300 tons.
The first time was scheduled to the 300th anniversary of the city - by May 28, 2003, the established deadlines for the construction of the bridge transition dictated a number of its design features, including the choice of metal as a material for the production of pylons, although the reinforced concrete is used, since made from Its structures have a better damping ability and less cost. Metal was also used as a material for the manufacture of the bridge stiffness beam also used. Such a constructive solution is usually applied with a span value over 600 m. The length of the central span of a large Obukhovsky bridge is 382 m, and the stagno-concrete would be a more economical solution. The decision to apply the all-metal stiffness beam was dictated by the desire of contractors to abandon the concreting of the reinforced concrete plate of the roadway in the winter. In all projects of guy facilities, metal structures from low-alloy structural steels are used.
The magnitude of the central span in 382 m was also dictated by the directive deadlines for the construction of a bridge transition, since with an increase in the span to 500 m (the possibility of the device of both pylons on the banks of the Neva) would increase its construction.
The progress of the project is also dictated by the separation of work in line of construction. Due to the fact that the CAD should be done on eight bands (4 bands in each direction), it was decided to build two bridges for four lanes each with a distance between the axes of 36.4 m. From the point of view of aerodynamics, the construction of two bridges In close proximity to each other, the task is quite extraordinary. There are few examples of such solutions in the world.
The technology of the VANT device was also determined by the deadlines for the end of the work on the object. All-blank guys have some operational advantages compared to mounted, but their design requires a detailed design study until the construction is started. Designing the bridge over the Neva coincided with the construction process. Therefore, the type of VANT formed on the installation was used on the Large Obukhovsky Bridge. The guys performed on monostend technology are also metal structures. The basis of the strand is seven high-strength wire with a diameter of 5 mm each.
Obukhovsky bridge, peroxided across the Fontanka River along the axis of the Moscow Prospect, connects the Spassky and Unnamed Island. This is a three-role stone structure with a length of 68.8 meters and a width of 31.8 meters. Bridge oblique in plan, cosine angle - 60 °.
The span structure is reinforced concrete duplex arches, lined with granite. By design - reinforced concrete solid vaults. The foundations and supports are massive, on the pile base, lined with granite. On the facades of the bridge, the outlines of the arches and profiled in the form of triangular prisms of ice vegetables are expressed.
The periodile fence is made in the form of a solid granite parapet. The entrances rise granite obeliski, on each Obelisk, 2 lantern round shapes are strengthened. The sidewalks are separated from the roadway with an increased granite fence of the parapledy type.
History of the bridge
Obukhovsky Bridge - one of oldest bridges in St. Petersburg. Built through the Fontanka River on the Saar Perspective (later the Tsarskioselsky Avenue, now Moscow).
The first wooden bridge over the Fontanka River in the target of modern Moscow prospectus was built in 1717. In the middle of the bridge had a transverse slot 70 cm wide, intended for the passage of mast vessels; In the afternoon, this gap was laid by the boards. In 1738, the crossing was rebuilt.
Until 1738, the bridge was not official name. The people's name - Obukhov or Obukhovsky - he consolidated for him by the name of Obukhov built it "Posad man". In 1738, the Saint Petersburg Building Commission established for the bridge the name "Saari Bridge". It was not quiced, and the Bridge of the Donna retains in its name the memory of the contractor of construction work - Obukhov.
During the structure of the granite walls of the fountains of the Fontanka in 1785-1786, the wooden bridge was rebuilt into three-role stone on the type of Lomonosov's tower bridges and Old Kalinkin. The coastal spans were blocked by stone vaults, and the average span was divorced with a wooden span structure and with tower on river supports to place divorce mechanisms.
In 1865, the bridge was rebuilt on the project of the engineer Mikhailov. Wooden adjustable span structure was replaced by a brick arch, and the nasty towers disassembled. According to the static diagram, the bridge is turned into a three-sphen-sphenochnaya arch.
By the mid-1930s, the bridge stopped cope with the increased transport stream on the international avenue (the Moscow prospect was called in 1918-1950): the bridge width was about 16 meters, and the width of the prospectus is 30.6 meters. In addition, in brick vaults of the central span, sediment with the disclosure of the seams up to 25 mm was revealed. In 1939, according to the project of the engineer V.V. Demchenko and architect L.A. Noscova Bridge was rebuilt into three-role reinforced concrete.
On September 7, 1950, a gas pipeline laid with poor-quality welds caused a gas leakage, an explosive mixture was formed in the sidewalk, which exploded from a random spark, damaged reinforced concrete paving slabs. After this incident, it was decided to plug through gas pipelines at other bridges of the city - Novo-Peterhof, Komsomolsk and others.
In 1962, tram rails were removed on the Moscow Avenue on the plot from the world area to the bypass canal.
In 1968, the balls, crowned obeliski-lamps, were anewly covered with gravy leaf gold.
In 1989, the sidewalks separated from the carriage of the granite parapet.
In 2014, the reconstruction of the artistic and architectural illumination of the Obukhovsky bridge was performed.
Additional Information
Bridge is among the objects cultural heritage Russia of regional importance.
Obukhovsky Bridge gave its name to the Obukhovskaya premises area on the right bank of the Fontanka River. The St. Petersburg State University of Emperor Alexander I. is located. Opposite the university, a monument to the founder of this educational institution, an outstanding Russian statesman, a scientist, engineer and architect of Spanish origin - Augustus de Betancuri.
Large Obukhovsky Bridge (often referred to as a guide bridge) - a rebate unkind bridge over the Neva. Located on the border of the Nevsky District of St. Petersburg and the Vsevolozhsky district of the Leningrad region, in the middle of the Neva; Connects Obukhovsky Defense Avenue and October Embankment. One of the most long bridges Russia. In fact, these are two identical bridges with the opposite direction of movement on them, having a common name: upper - for riding in the eastern direction, the lower - for driving in the western direction. The only fearful and largest bridge over the Neva.
Design
General Designer of the Bridge Transition - CJSC Institute "Stroyproekt", Designer of the Vental Part - CJSC "Institute Hyproproymost - St. Petersburg", General Contractor - OJSC Mosotoota No. 18. In the construction of the bridge also took part: Mosoto District No. 10, bridge No. 18, bridge No. 90, MTF Mostootard No. 114, Mostotransdom No. 125, which are part of the Mostotrest, (were occupied on the construction of the right bank of the guy bridge, as well as congresses on the left bank) and other subcontracting organizations. The bridge is built in a sufficiently difficult area of \u200b\u200bthe Neva, not far from the bends of the knee curved, however, with a 126 m and high span on the banks of the Neva and a high span, the bridge is completely invisible for the courts passing along the river. Road junction with the October embankment and Obukhovsky defense avenue are complex, and if the first spread out several hundred square meters on another free right bank of the Neva, the second is built on a small block of land between residential buildings in Rabbakovskaya Street and Obukhovsky Defense Avenue, where followed by tramway Line and railway tracks leading from Obukhovo railway station to the Obukhov plant. The full length of the bridge is 2884 meters, including shipping span 382 meters and the congresses from the bridge. The height of the plenty of the surface of the water (magnitude envelope) is equal to 30 meters, which gives large vessels to pass freely under the bridge. Due to this bridge, the maximum envelope of ships capable of passing through the Neve Ladoga Lake In the Nevsky lip or in the opposite direction, it was reduced at a height of 10 m. The minimum submissions of bridges through the Neva existed for a long time (and the main shipping sleeve - Large Neva) at 40 m, determined at the lowest bridges (Volodarsky, Kuzminsky and Ladoga bridges) at the largest Obukhovsky, was made 10 m below - only 30 m high. In 2003, the "Museum of the Vote Bridge" was opened at the construction site - The only museum of one construction site in St. Petersburg. At the end of the construction at the end of 2008, the museum was moved to the territory of the St. Petersburg branch of OJSC Mostootard number 19 in the Red Selo. In 2006, a New Year tree was installed on the new year of the bridge left the second stage of the bridge. Thanks to Pilon, she became the highest new Year's Yolkova cities.
