Organization of feeding In the room where the food is stored, you need to install reliable containers for food, inaccessible to rodents. The feeding room should be cool and protected from direct sunlight, because food dries quickly in warmth,

Organizing Your Training Like any other skill, intuitive shooting should be reinforced through practice. Don't be fooled by the word "intuitive", this is not a case where you can afford to skip a workout.

Organization of the educational process The volume of the training program is designed for 510 hours, including special academic, practical and seminar courses, the development of which is planned using modern information technologies.

The organization of the bivouac begins immediately after choosing the optimal parking place, which we talked about in

A bivouac in a high-mountainous area, requiring special work to organize it.

We list the main types of work that are included in the concept of organization in the order of their implementation:

1. Determination of the location of the main elements of the camp - tents and campfire sites.
2. Camp setting.
3. Preparation of kindling, brushwood and firewood.
4. Lighting a fire.
5. Procurement of water.
6. Cooking.

After all the points have been implemented, we can assume that the camp has been set. In different conditions and in different areas, the order and set of these works may differ, and therefore, the instructions for arranging a bivouac will also be different.

Now we will analyze all these points, but in more detail.

Determination of the location of the main elements of the camp and its setting

The convenience, comfort and safety of those who will be in it depend on how the camp is planned.

The place for the fire should be on the leeward side of the tents so that the smoke is carried away to the side opposite to the resting place. It should be convenient for cooking and eating, drying things and heating, and also organized in compliance with fire safety rules.

A specially organized camping site.

The distance from the tents to the fire should be sufficient so that the fire does not burn out the fabric of the tent, but also not such that you have to run to the fire through the whole camp: this is, at least, inconvenient. If, instead of tents, a lean-to hut is used, a fire can be made near it: this way some hunters in the winter taiga are heated.

At a large number participants of the hike and the presence of a large flat area, convenient for setting up tents, tents can be arranged in a circle with entrances to the center. This will make it easier for campers to communicate with each other. However, it is perfectly acceptable to pitch tents in rows to save space. This will make it possible to set up a bivouac even in a relatively narrow place, for example, in a ravine.

However, in difficult conditions, tents can be placed regardless of their position to each other, but so that each of them is on a fairly level and safe place... This is especially true if the bivouac needs to be set up in a mountainous forest area, on a moraine or moraine, where there are not so many flat areas.

It is advisable to set up the tents so that there is enough free space between them, and the passing person does not stumble over every guy stretched from the tent.

The entrance of the tent is oriented depending on the conditions. So, for example, the entrance of the tent can be directed towards the river flowing near the bivouac, which increases the aesthetics of staying in the camp. Alternatively, the entrance to the tent can be located on the windward side so that the tent is well ventilated and it is not hot in it.

In any case, the entrance to the tent should ensure the convenience of using it, as well as the safety of people. For example, it is unacceptable to put up a tent on the edge of a cliff with an entrance to this very cliff, despite the beautiful views that open to the eyes of the residents.

If necessary, you can pull up an awning in the camp so that the whole group, regardless of the weather, can gather under it and discuss important issues, or simply sit down for a meal. Here, it should be convenient for the duty officer to organize meals for the hiking group. The photo shows such an awning over the campfire site:

In general, with the correct placement of the camp, it should be convenient to work and rest comfortably in it. This is true for tourism, and for fishing or hunting, but a tourist bivouac should usually be organized in compliance with the greatest number of requirements, both due to extreme situations and due to remoteness from human habitation.

In many cases, tourists can choose the route of the hike so that, according to the known data on the terrain, they initially plan the placement of bivouacs in suitable places indicated on the map, or at least so that at the end of the walking day they go to an area convenient for setting up a camp - on the river bank , to the outskirts of the forest, to the well.

Preparing kindling, brushwood, firewood and lighting a fire

After setting up tents and determining the place for the fire, you need to organize the collection of kindling, brushwood and firewood.

Sometimes the collection of kindling can be carried out right on the way. So, for example, it will not be superfluous to put a birch bark torn off along the way in your pocket or collect a certain amount of pine resin. They will not take up much space, but they can save time when organizing a fire, since there are not always sources of good ready-made kindling directly near the camp.

It is easier to organize a bivouac on a water trip due to the fact that a much larger amount of equipment can be carried on the boats.

I know of a case when, during the setting of a camp, tourists encountered difficulties in lighting a fire: it rained - and finding dry kindling became a difficult task. One of the participants saved the situation by pulling a birch bark from his pocket. It turned out that he had collected it in the middle of the day, when the group passed by a birch grove.

Speaking about the preparation of fuel for a fire, it is important to note the following nuance. Despite the fact that there is a campfire in the group, that is, the one who is engaged in the equipment and making the fire, the collection of fuel is carried out by other members of the group. Otherwise, if everything is blamed on one campfire, a large tourist group may be left without a hot dinner. The strength of one person may simply not be enough to collect enough firewood in the shortest possible time to prepare food for a large number of participants in the hike.

The video below describes the procedure for preparing firewood for a bivouac:

In one of the campaigns, in which I was invited and where I had the "happiness" of being a campfire, the following happened. The leader ordered to set up the camp in an already equipped parking lot (there were several gazebos with a roof and an equipped campfire site). But due to the fact that this place was popular and often visited, there was almost no brushwood and firewood left nearby, that is, one of the fundamental rules for choosing a place for a bivouac was violated. The leader gave me the task to collect firewood and light a fire. My reconnaissance of the surroundings showed that the nearest dry logs were at least half a kilometer away, and there was also a good parking place. Of the tools, I only had a knife and a chain saw. As a result, it took me at least an hour and a half to search for, prepare fuel and light a fire for cooking food for a group of five people with a supply of fuel for morning campfire work. Everything would have turned out much faster if we had set up a camp on a nearby "wild" meadow, and all the participants of the campaign who were free from other matters were sent to search and collect firewood. As you can see, in case of an unsuccessful choice of a place and an incorrect organization of camp work, the loss of extra time and energy is inevitable, and this is even without taking into account the incandescence of the psychological situation in the group.

As soon as everything necessary for the fire has been collected, and the place for the fire is appropriately equipped, the campfire begins to make a fire. At this point, the rest of the participants are doing other things around the camp, for example, going to fetch water for future dinner and tea.

A kindling fire that can be found in the forest steppe.

The stage of preparing fuel and making a fire is considered completed when there is enough firewood to carry out all the tasks related to the fire, the place for the fire is equipped according to the safety and convenience requirements of fire works, and the fire itself can burn for some time without human assistance.

Procurement of water

This is, perhaps, in most cases the simplest and most quickly accomplished task available even to children. That is why you can leave it at the very last moment.

However, in some situations, difficulties may arise, for example, if there were no open sources with fresh water near the camp. So, for example, the spring indicated on the map can simply dry up.

In such cases, it may take much longer to get water, and then you should take care of this almost first of all. For example, if there is a nearby settlement, several participants should be sent there with empty containers.

If the place for the bivouac is chosen correctly, there are no problems with water extraction.

In the hike along the Kuyalnitsky estuary, we had to go to the place where it was planned to stay for the night. A well was marked on the map near this place. We were going to collect water in this well for the night and for the whole next day, since a long walk through the arid region was planned. However, to our disappointment, there was no bucket on the well, and the water in the well itself was heavily contaminated with debris. It was even possible to make out in this well the corpse of a mouse floating on the surface of the water. I had to urgently go to the nearest village and ask people for water, leaving plans for equipping the camp for last.

And here is another cautionary tale. A group of my tourist friend went astray and got lost. Dusk was falling - it was decided to set up a camp. In the place where the group initially headed, there was a source of fresh water on which all hope was pinned. But in the place where the participants of the campaign actually ended up, nothing of the kind was found. All supplies of water were drunk on the way. In order to somehow quench their thirst, tourists drank water from a small puddle, which was not discovered immediately.

At the same time, shallow mountain streams are usually sources of clean water, quite suitable for drinking without special treatment.

In the mountains, the water in the streams simply does not have time to get polluted.

For such cases, it is useful to have water disinfection tablets or a special water filter with you. About the ropes and utensils, thanks to which you can pull out water even from the deepest well or standing on a steep bank of a reservoir, I generally keep quiet: they should be included in the tourist's mandatory set of equipment.

Water disinfection tablets, relatively inexpensive but effective.

The stage of water preparation is considered completed when there is sufficient water and quality prepared for cooking in the camp. There will be little sense from a bucket of muddy water in which plant debris floats. Such water will need to be defended and filtered, which will take additional time.

Cooking

Most often, tourists carry food with them in their backpacks, so there is no need to waste time replenishing its supplies, as is the case with water. For this reason, food is usually cooked last. She, as a rule, is dealt with on duty.

Often, by the time the field cooking begins, the main things for the camp have already been done, and each participant can take care of himself (carry out hygienic procedures, relax or communicate with other participants in the hike), although you can also spend this time with benefit, for example, replenish firewood, go for berries and mushrooms, if conditions permit. But most often the camp is set up in the evening, and it is impossible to have time to do something else, except for the main camp work, before dark.

The criterion for the successful completion of this stage of the bivouac work can be considered the satisfied faces of the participants in the hike, with an appetite for the dinner cooked on the fire.

A bivouac in a dense taiga, where the water source is far enough away and the water had to be carried in special eggplants.

This is all just an example of actions and the sequence of their implementation for a normal tourist group making hiking trip in a zone with a temperate climate. The procedure and the actions themselves may differ from those indicated here, depending on the presence or absence of certain resources and equipment, as well as on the conditions in which people are.

The nuances of organizing tipping work in different conditions

To understand the variability of the actions of the marching group when setting up a bivouac, depending on the conditions, I propose, for example, to briefly consider some situations and the features of organizing bivouac work during them.

In the mountains, where trees and other vegetation may not exist at all, there is no need to search for firewood. In such places, tourists usually use burners. This means that instead of collecting fuel for a fire, participants can be busy with other useful activities.

In fact, a bivouac in the mountains is just properly set up tents and a place where burners are securely placed.

In the desert, the need for a fire may disappear altogether, especially when, in addition to the tent, there is a sleeping bag in the backpack. Travelers prefer to carry water supplies when crossing dry regions. This means that when carrying out work on the camp there is no need to find not only firewood, but also water, and the arrangement of the parking lot takes much less time.

In a forest in a large swamp, to set up a bivouac, you may need to build a flooring or a hanging bed for rest. In addition, the same flooring will be needed for the fire. In this regard, first of all, you will need to look for flooring poles.

On the seashore, if there are no trees nearby, but you still need to make a fire, finding and delivering dry fin (pieces of wood thrown ashore) to the parking lot may be a priority task than setting up tents, especially if it comes to night.

This camp is not much like a classic bivouac, but it fulfills all its main tasks.

In winter, in the forest with severe frosts and the absence of a tent, you must first of all take care of preparing firewood for a fire and poles for a hut, and in the steppe with a deep snow cover - about building a snow shelter. In both cases, finding fresh water is meaningless, as drinking water can be obtained by melting snow and ice.

A bivouac in a winter forest, quite safe, compact and well organized.

In spring and autumn, during thaws and rains, the priority may be to organize a roof over your head and a shelter for firewood and fire. In the summer, the palm can be won by the search and extraction of fresh water.

In windy weather, in the absence of a natural wind barrier, an artificial wind protection device may be a priority.

As you can see, in each individual situation, priorities can shift towards one or another "element", and the number of "elements" themselves, both increase and decrease.

Summing up, we can say that a properly organized bivouac should ensure the safety of the people in it, the convenience of the bivouac work carried out, comfortable rest and, if possible, the satisfaction of staying in the parking lot. And the organization of the bivouac itself should be energy- and time-saving, so that by the time the camp ends, the participants of the hike can have dinner and have a good rest, and not meet the dawn, sticking out their tongues from fatigue.

• Most of the time on the hike is spent on movement and sleep. The less time it takes to set up a bivouac, the more it remains for everything else.
• The full value of the rest of the group depends on the choice of a place to sleep, its convenience and safety.
• You need to be able to quickly and efficiently set up a camp in order to spend the night in comfortable conditions

Mastering the technique of bivvy work takes a special place in the preparation of a tourist. The group needs to learn how to spend an hour and a half to two hours on morning and evening bivvy work in order to make the most of the already short daylight hours.

A group that is not able to quickly set up camp and quickly get together lives by the principle "We will leave when we succeed, we will come where we can"... This is unacceptable for a hike. A competent and trained group uses the principle "We will leave, when we outline, we will come where we need to"... And this allows you to complete all the tasks of the campaign.

It is extremely important to observe the following rules when setting up a camp:

• clear organization and discipline... Each participant must know their responsibilities and immediately take up their implementation. The group leader should keep track of what the participants are doing and, if necessary, give clear tasks. Assignments must be given specific person... When one person is given several assignments at once, you need to indicate the order of execution. Healthy
• wide scope of work... The maximum possible number of cases should be done in parallel. At the same time, it is necessary to highlight the priority cases and use the most powerful participants there.
• look for a job... If a person has completed the task entrusted to him, he must help the rest. The work should end, if possible, at the same time for everyone.
• DO NOT BE LAZY... This is the main rule winter tourism generally. It means that all group members should take an active part in setting up the camp, without being reminded to help their comrades. Until the work is completed, participants are not allowed to go about their personal affairs, bask by the fire or sit in a tent. This rule should become a habit, only then a person can consider himself a real tourist.

Choosing a place for a bivouac

The choice of a place for parking or an overnight stay is entirely the prerogative of the commander. As a rule, when planning a route, he should outline the parking places, choosing the most convenient points for this. Much can be seen on the map, something can be learned from reports or communication with those who have already visited the area. On a campaign, the commander also decides when and where to set up a camp.

When choosing a place for a future parking, the following factors are taken into account:

• security... V mountainous areas the real danger can be:
  • snow. You should not camp in an avalanche area.
  • weather. For the camp, you need to choose places that are closed from the wind: forest, folds of the terrain, etc.
  • rockfalls. In winter, the danger of stone is weak, but still you should not set up a camp near sheer cliffs.
  • proximity of housing. Often contacts with local residents do not bring joy and can even be dangerous. Also, in the vicinity of housing, you can suffer from animals (cattle drive, dogs can devour food, etc.)
  • falling trees. When setting up a camp in a forest zone, you need to make sure that there are no sushins ready to fall next to the tent. In strong winds, one of them may fall on the tent. In addition, you need to be careful when preparing firewood: if the sushina can fall on the tent, in 95% of cases it will surely fall on it. (in the remaining 5%, it will fall on the one who knocks it down)))
• availability of firewood... Firewood is the main thing that is needed to set up a comfortable camp in winter. Often in the evening the group literally goes "to the first sushina". Coniferous trees are best suited: spruce, fir, pine, larch. The sushina must be completely dry. One large Christmas tree is enough for an ordinary group for one night.
• availability of water... Despite the fact that in winter there is snow everywhere, it is preferable to still stand where there is an opportunity to collect liquid water. At the same time, cooking is much faster and more convenient. Even if the river or stream is frozen, there is a chance to break through to the water. Or use chopped ice, which is still better than snow.
• convenience of the place... This is a complex indicator that the commander determines based on his subjective considerations. It is, of course, better to set up a camp not on a steep slope, but out of the blue. It's good if you don't have to go far to get water and firewood.
• place aesthetics... When there is a choice, it is best to stand in beautiful place with pleasant views around. After all, they go on hikes not only to trail snow ...

Bivouac works

The camp cannot be called equipped until the following works have been completed:

• preparation of firewood... It is best to choose, cut and cut sushina in daylight. Therefore, felling is a top priority. When choosing a sushina, you need to evaluate:
  • the size. Too big may be too much for you, there is little sense from thin "matches".
  • dryness. If the bark has peeled off - great. Rotten ones are not suitable.
  • slope and proximity of other trees. We need to figure out if we can drop the tree where it needs to be. It's good if there is enough room around. It is very difficult to pull off the "hanging" sushina.
  • ease of transportation. It is better if you carry firewood close and in a straight line to the camp than far and across a couple of ravines.

After the tree is selected, you need to correctly fill it up. You should start with the preparation of the workplace: trample the site, remove branches, etc., figure out where to bounce. Then a cut is made and a hem is made on the other side, where you are going to lay sushina. You should try to cut about 2/3 until it starts to clamp the saw. (Usually sushinas are still cut in the direction of their natural slope.) After that, a second cut is made on the opposite side 10-15 cm higher than the first. When the tree "goes", it makes sense to help it fall in the direction you want. When the sushina is dumped, the twigs are chopped off and the trunk is sawn into logs, which are carried to the camp, sawed into logs and chopped into logs for the stove and fire. The length of the logs must be such that they fit into the stove. It is better to prick smaller so that there are no problems with kindling the stove. It is convenient to prick on a stump from a felled tree or on a massive block, dug into the snow.

• setting up a tent... An area of ​​sufficient size must be trampled under the tent in the snow. First with skis, then with your feet. Let it "cool down" so that the snow sets. After that, they spread the tent, correctly orienting the wind edge and the exit, insert a previously prepared CC (from a thin tree or from tied skis) inside and stretch the braces. Don't forget about the awning. After that, polyethylene, rugs and sleeping bags are laid inside.
• stove installation... A dedicated stove-maker assembles and installs the stove. Begins to melt it.
• wind wall construction... Bricks are cut from the snow and a wall is built up to the edge of the palaka or higher. This is especially true when spending the night in open spaces.
• campfire pit or net... The attendant determines where he will cook. If there is no net or a little snow, dig a hole to the ground... A fire is made in it and a cable is hung over the fire. The task of the duty officer is to drive everyone away from the fire, so that they do not sit, but do business. It is also useful to knock the trees around the fire so that snow does not fall from them.
• water... If possible, it is better to get water, rather than melt the snow. In the ice, you need to cut a hole with an ax in order to dial with a mug or canoe. Care should be taken not to fall through.
• arrangement of a common fire... Usually everyone sits in a tent, so no fire is made outside. But if there is a desire, then why not? For a fire, you need to prepare more firewood. Around the fire are made "sofas" for sitting - the so-called "pentagon". It is better to clear the snow around the fire, otherwise it will melt and turn into a swamp. It is also good to pre-tap the surrounding trees with snow.
• toilet... Determine the place where to go "beyond the bend". Usually they use the path trodden by those who carried firewood.

Duty roster

The duties of the person on duty include making a fire, preparing food and delivering it to the tent, as well as making a stove in the morning, if night shifts are not practiced (see below).

In addition to the usual shifts, night shifts are also arranged at the stove. All team members, except for the morning duty officer, take turns watching the stove for several hours and keeping the fire going to keep the tent warm.

• making a fire. Not an easy task, especially in bad weather and with shitty wood. It is necessary to prepare a kindling, chop a torch, apply plex.
• collect food for dinner and in the morning. This must be done so as not to wake people up in the morning.
• prepare and serve dinner. While the person on duty outside is busy around the fire, the other participants can help him share the food, etc.
• prepare water in the evening. In order not to waste time in the morning, water is harvested in the evening. You can even soak the cereal in it.

Removing the camp

Closing the camp, preparing food, having breakfast, and packing the backpacks should take about the same amount of time as evening camping work. The principles are the same as when setting up a camp. Participants who have already gathered should help others. For example, roll up the tent, remove the cable, etc. We must quickly free the tent from things. You also need to make sure that after you the parking lot returns to the same form in which it was before you arrived.

MUNICIPAL BUDGET EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENT ADDITIONAL EDUCATION OF CHILDREN

"CENTER FOR CHILDREN'S AND YOUTH TOURISM AND EXCURSIONS", BRYANSK

LESSON OUTCOMES ON THE TOPIC:

DEVELOPED: educator

additional education

Stasishina N.V.

G. Bryansk - 2015 year

Summary of the lesson on the topic

“Bivouac. Organization of bivvy works ".

Target classes: Contribute to the formation of the skills and abilities required for choice

bivouac in field conditions.

Lesson objectives:

- to acquaint children with the concept of a bivouac, the requirement for a bivouac;

Formation of skills and abilities of tipping work;

Develop teamwork skills and joint search for solutions;

Promote the development of logical thinking, memory and

attention of students;

Equipment:

A poster with a bivouac.

Occupation type: combined.

Literature: 1. Bardin K. - "The ABC of Tourism", - M .: Education, 1981

2. Verba IA, Golitsin SM, Kulikov VM, Ryabov EG, - "Tourism in school" - M .;

3. Korobeinikov N.K., Mikheev A.A., Nikolenko I.G., - "Physical education", -

Publishing house "Higher school", - M .; 1989 year

4. Kravchenko I.A., Maleeva I.A., - "Memo to the leader of the campaign", - Regional

children's excursion and tourist station, - Bryansk 1963

5. Kulikov VM, Rotshtein LM, - "School of tourist leaders", - M., 1997

6. Ryzhavsky G.Ya., - "Bivouacs", - M .; TsDYuT, 1985

7. "Tourist Encyclopedia" - M., 1993

Lesson plan

Preparatory part. (3)

Explanation of the new topic: (30)

Presentation new information;

Practical work with didactic material. 4. Consolidation of the studied material. (eight)

5. Summing up the results of the lesson. (2)

6. Organizational moment. (2)

Course of the lesson

1. Preparatory part:

Students take places at desks, prepare writing utensils

The teacher announces the topic, goals and objectives of the lesson, explains the requirements and plan for the lesson, checks the emotional state, offering to depict a face on the cards.

Note

ready for

occupation, form

clothing engaged.

Draw their mood at the beginning of the lesson.

2. Testing knowledge of the previous

topic:

Before we start considering

New material, we must remember what topic we covered in the last lesson.

Answer: Setting up the tent. Stacking things in it.

To test your knowledge, I invite you to answer a number of my questions.

1. What equipment do you need to set up a tent?

Answer: Tent, awning for the tent, a set of pegs 10-12 pcs, stands.

2. What is the purpose of the tent?

Answer: The tent is used by tourists to sleep, rest and shelter from

bad weather.

3. By what designs are tents subdivided?

Answer: By design, tents are divided into frame,

semi-framed and frameless.

4. What are your steps for setting up the tent?

Answer: First, the bottom is stretched, fixed at the corners

pegs. Then the racks are assembled, the skate is installed

and pull it on. The side slopes of the tent are pulled.

5. What are the requirements for a tent?

Answer: light weight, water resistance, good thermal insulation, wind resistance, quick installation and disassembly, comfort, strength, ease of carrying in a backpack, protection from the penetration of gnats.

6. What is the awning on the tent for?

Answer: protects from damp weather.

3. Explanation of the new topic:

Presentation of new information:

Today in the lesson we will look at a new topic:

"Bivouac. Organization of bivvy works ".

Bivouac- this is a place of accommodation (parking) of a tourist group for an overnight stay or rest. Bivouac- this is the house we live in during the hike.

The day is approaching evening, it's time to think about an overnight stay. It is necessary to stop for the night no later than 1.5-2 hours before dark. The last transition before overnight stay is not necessary to withstand 40-45 minutes.

REQUIREMENTS FOR BIVAC:

Security.

It is forbidden:- choose a place near settlements, highways, oil storage facilities, gas pipelines, under power lines; in the area of ​​apiaries, clusters of anthills, in damp lowlands, where there may be snakes;

2. Water- one cannot do without it in a bivouac; it must be clean, flowing, and should not flow out of the settlement. Ideal - if it is

Write the topic of the lesson on the board.

Students write in notebooks.

spring. Stopping on a river along which there are settlements, the bivouac should be set up upstream of the village, watering holes and fords.

3. Firewood: The bivouac should have enough fuel (dead wood, fallen dry trees), preferably conifers.

4. Location should be even, dry, comfortable, early sunlit (eastern slopes of a hill, eastern edge of the forest, river bank, etc.). Here dew dries out faster on grass and tents. It is better to choose a place to sleep in a rare coniferous forest, where the soil is covered with fallen dry needles, and tree branches cannot catch fire from a fire. It is good if the place is protected from the wind by dense thickets.

5. When choosing a place for a bivouac, you need to think: "What if…"

a) there will be a thunderstorm at night;

b) strong wind;

c) heavy rain;

6. The place of the bivouac should be dry, comfortable and beautiful.

Planning a bivouac.

For the arrangement of a bivouac, there are also requirements, which, if possible, must be observed, especially if the bivouac is planned not for one night, but for two or even three.

The tent, kitchen, firewood, etc. should be kept compact. The tents are set up in a dry, elevated, well-wind-blown place so that mosquitoes do not torment. The tent site is preliminarily cleaned of stones, branches, cones. When the wind blows, the tents are set up so that the wind blows into the back wall. The tents are located closer to each other - all exits to the fire, at a safe distance from it (at least 5 meters). It is advisable to orient the entrances to the tents to an open place - the edge of a forest, a river, a lake - preferably to the east or south.

The fire should be placed so that there is no danger of burning tree branches, dead wood, bushes, dry grass.

The orderly should examine the surroundings of the camp and choose secluded places at a distance of 70-100 m from its center - in dense thickets, and even better in shallow dry ravines. In addition, the orderly must find a natural depression or dig a hole away from the fire and tents, where waste will be dumped - food scraps, cans, and other garbage.

On the watercourse that the group will use, the person in charge of the bivouac should outline three places: the upstream one for taking water into the kitchen, below it for washing and washing the feet, and

even lower - for washing dishes and washing equipment. On mountain rivers with very fast currents, such a layout does not make sense.

Organization of camping works the manager must think in advance, while moving along the route, so that the maximum possible number of tasks is carried out in parallel, that is, simultaneously.

In favorable weather, the priority will be to prepare firewood and make a fire, and only then, when enough firewood has been collected, their

Write it down in a notebook.

Write it down in a notebook.

Write it down in a notebook.

enough not only for the evening, but also for preparing breakfast, the installation of tents begins. If the sky is threatening with rain or it is already starting, you need to quickly put up tents, hide your backpacks in them, and then everyone go for brushwood.

Upon arrival at the bivouac, the group is given 5-10 minutes to rest. At this time, the participants take out of their backpacks everything that the person on duty in the kitchen needs: buckets, a shopping bag, food, axes, a saw. The person in charge of the bivouac determines the order of work, distributes orders, indicates where to put branches, where there will be a fire and places for tents.

Everyone follows the firewood, except for the cooks on duty, the campfire man and the bivouac officer, who monitors the progress of the work, notes who, how they are working, and decides whether little or enough firewood has been brought. A team of kitchen attendants at this time sets up their household, equips a fire, prepares kindling, brings water, etc.

And only after there is enough firewood around the fire to prepare dinner, half of the group can be left in the camp to set up tents, and the rest continue to prepare firewood for the evening fire and prepare breakfast.

All bivvy work must be completed before dinner, in the morning - before breakfast.

Collapsing the bivouac.

In the morning, before packing the backpacks, the food manager warns who gives what products for lunch, so as not to put them in the back of the backpack.

The work of breaking up and folding the bivouac, including cooking and eating, should not take more than 2 hours. It all depends on the clarity and consistency of work.

The attendants are raised 1.5-2 hours before the general rise. In the evening, they must prepare everything for the morning work: clean dishes, buckets of water, get all the necessary products from the caretaker. We must not forget such "trifles" as salt, matches, knives, dry kindling, etc. They put all this in their tent. They rise quietly, work quietly so as not to wake up their comrades. They should remember to cover the wood in the evening so that they do not get wet in case of rain.

While the attendants are preparing breakfast, the rest, after getting up, cleaning the territory, charging, collect their backpacks, take off their tents. After breakfast, the bowlers are cleaned by the new attendants, while the old shift has time to pack their backpacks. That is why it is better to hand over the watch after breakfast. A new shift on duty also takes care of the fire (floods with water, lays sod).

The manager announces the exit time. It is necessary to dry things in the evening away from the fire, and in the morning to dry them in the wind and the sun.

Tourists should learn the rule from the first exits on the hike: "the resting place should be cleaned ideally":

Lay the removed sod into the fireplace and water;

Cans (previously burnt on fire) and other rubbish

bury;

Everything that burns (paper, wood chips, etc.) - burn;

Put the rest of the firewood neatly under the tree - they

other tourists will take advantage;

The bivouac is closed. The fire is extinguished. The commander or one of the guys assigned to him quickly checks the place - if everything is done, cleaned up, if nothing is lost.

Write it down in a notebook.

4. Securing new material.

To check how well you learned

Today's material, I invite each team to compose two questions.

What topic did we cover in the lesson?

Answer: Bivouac. Organization of bivvy works.

2. What is a bivouac?

Answer: Bivouac Is the place of accommodation (parking) of the tourist

groups for overnight and rest.

3. List the requirements for a bivouac?

Answer: availability of water, firewood, security, location.

4. How and at what distance are the tents set up?

Answer: The tents are placed closer to each other - by all

exits to the fire, at a distance of no closer than 5 meters.

5. What if there is a thunderstorm at night?

Answer: this means that you cannot break a bivouac near lonely trees, at the top of a hill, in order to avoid the danger of being struck by lightning in a thunderstorm;

6. What if it's raining heavily?

Answer: this means we need to set up camp at some distance from the river, on an elevated site, so that the one who raised the water level does not wet us.

7. What if there is a strong wind?

Answer: this means that you cannot break a bivouac next to dead, bent over, chopped down or rotten trees that may collapse;

8. What time do you need to finish all the trowel work?

Answer: All bivvy work must be completed before dinner, in the morning -

before breakfast.

Pay attention to the correct answers.

5. Summing up the results of the lesson.

The teacher draws conclusions, evaluates the activities of those involved, diagnoses the mood, gives an orientation to the next lesson.

Assess the work of each student.

Sketch the mood at the end of the lesson.

6. Organizational moment.

The teacher tells further plans for the coming week.