It occur almost annually from the start of the flights of this type of aircraft. From 1973 to 2011 it was only a few years, during which there would be no incident associated with Tu-154.

In total, 72 Tu-154 aircraft were lost in accidents and disasters. Largest catastrophe Tu-154 (and all soviet aviation) It happened on July 10, 1985 under the studio. The overwhelled plane fell into a corkscrew according to the fault of the crew. On board was 200 people, they all died.

In general, despite the fact that, according to some pilots, Tu-154 is overly complicated for a mass passenger liner and requires high qualifications of both flight and land personnel, this airliner has established itself as a completely reliable and safe aircraft. Moreover, Tu-154 plane crashes are far from always happen due to the fault of technology.

Of course, the problems of the liner happen, but more often they occur on airplanes, which are operated above the norm and do not receive appropriate maintenance. In addition, the crew errors, dispatchers, or other circumstances. For example, in 2011, the Ukrainian air defense missile was mistakenly shot down with a civil flight that flew over the Black Sea ...

From the last disasters worth noting polish Tu-154, crashed near Smolensk in 2010. In the plane is the president of Poland with his wife, as well as many high-ranking officials. All of them died.

But more favorable outcomes occur. In 2010, the plane with refused engines was able to obstructively land on an abandoned aerodrome in Izhme. This legendary company Alrosa has retained the life of 81 people.

The table below shows a brief list of all air crashes Tu-154, compiled by the Wikipedia website.

date	On-board number	Place of incident	Victims / on board	Short description
19.02.1973	85023	Prague	66/100	Failed a catastrophe, not 470 meters to the runway.
03.1973	n.D.	Kiev	0 / ND.	Crashed.
07.05.1973	85030	Vnukovo	0/6	Suffered an accident when performing a training flight.
10.07.1974	SU-AXB.	Cairo	6/6	Failed a catastrophe when performing a training flight.
30.09.1975	HA-LCI	Beirut	60/60	Flight Budapest-Beirut, failed a catastrophe at sea while landing.
01.06.1976	85102	Malabo	46/46	Crashed into the mountain at sunset.
1976	85020	Kiev	0 / ND.	Rough landing. Now in Ukrainian state Museum Aviation.
02.12.1977	LZ-BTN.	Benghazi	59/165	I could not sit in the fog, exhausted fuel in search of a spare airfield and made a rude landing.
23.03.1978	LZ-BTB.	damascus	4/4	Failed a catastrophe at sunset.
19.05.1978	85169	Maksatiha	4/134	Due to the error, the fuel engineer stopped the fuel supply, made an emergency landing in the field.
18.02.1978	85087	Tolmachevo	0 / ND.	Fire on board. The surviving tail of the liner was shot in the film "Crew."
01.03.1980	85103	Orenburg	0/161	Rough landing with fuselage deformation.
07.07.1980	85355	Alma-Ata	164/164	Waided a catastrophe at takeoff. Wind shift.
07.08.1980	YP-TPh.	Mauritania	1/168	Error landing for water 300 m to runway.
08.10.1980	85321	Chita	0 / ND.	Rough landing.
13.06.1981	85029	Bratsk	0 / ND.	When landing, it turned out with a wet runway, the tail of the 28th row was taken away.
20.09.1981	85448	Tashkent	n.D.	Burned while refueling.
16.11.1981	85480	Norilsk	99/167	Rough landing for 470 meters to the runway due to the failure of the height steering.
21.10.1981	HA-LCF.	Prague	0/81	Rough landing due to crew error.
11.10.1984	85243	Omsk	4+174/179	When landing collided with airfield machines. Dispatcher error.
23.12.1984	85338	Krasnoyarsk	110/110	Fire Third Engine and Failure Hydrosystems.
10.07.1985	85311	Uchkuduk	200/200	The overwhelled plane fell into a flat corkscrew on the core corners of the attack of the carriage.
1986	7O-ACN.	Aden	n.D.	Details are unknown. At this time, civil war was in the country.
21.05.1986	85327	Domodedovo	0/175	Received residual deformation of the design in flight due to erroneous action of the crew. The plane is turned into a manual.
18.01.1988	85254	Krasnovodsk	11/143	Rough landing, as a result, the fuselage collapsed in half.
08.03.1988	85413	Volunteer	9 / N. d.	Spoiled on earth Ovechkin terrorists.
24.09.1988	85479	Aleppo	0/168	Wind shift, rough landing, the plane broke into two parts.
24.09.1988	85617	Norilsk	0 / ND.	Rough landing. The plane is turned into a manual.
13.01.1989	85067	Monrovia	0 / ND.	The takeoff was interrupted due to overload, roll out from the runway.
09.02.1989	Yr-TPJ.	Bucharest	5/5	Training flight. Crashed at takeoff due to engine failure.
20.10.1990	85186	Kutaisi.	0/171	Because of the overload with the limit front center, the nasal chassis rack lifted.
17.11.1990	85664	Czech Republic	0/6	Transported cigarettes from Switzerland, in flight the load caught fire. Pilots put the plane in the field where he completely burned down.
23.05.1991	85097	Pulkovo	2+13/178	Rough landing, the chassis rack lifted and the plane collapsed.
14.09.1991	CU-T1227.	Mexico City	0/112
05.06.1992	LZ-BTD.	Varna	0/130	When landing in the shower rolled out of the runway.
18.06.1992	85282	Bratsk	1+0/0	Burned while refueling. The brigadier of tankers died, who won the burning fuel truck from the airport.
18.06.1992	85234	Bratsk	0/0	Burned while refueling along with 85282.
20.07.1992	85222	Tbilisi	4+24/24	Wailed a catastrophe at takeoff due to overload.
01.08.1992	Ya-Tap.	Kabul	0/0	Destroyed in the parking lot with mortar fire. Before that, it was beaten while entering the landing, but then the damage was not very significant
05.09.1992	85269	Kiev	0/147	Return to the airport, no left chassis rack, rough landing.
13.10.1992	85528	Vladivostok.	0/67
05.12.1992	85105	Yerevan	0/154	When landing rolled out of the runway.
19.01.1993	85533	Delhi	0/165	Rough landing due to a pilot error that missed the runway.
08.02.1993	EP-ITD.	in Tehran	2+131/131	Faced in the air from the Su-22 Air Force Iran.
22.09.1993	85163	Sukhumi	108/132	Damaged by a rocket released by Abkhaz forces when landing at the airport of Sukhumi. The crew tried to plant, but as a result of a coarse collision with runway on board, a fire began.
23.09.1993	85359	Sukhumi	0/0	He fell under the shelling of the Abkhaz troops.
25.12.1993	85296	Grozny	0/172	Rough landing - a nasal chassis rack lifted. Destroyed at the repair parking lot during the air strike on December 1, 1994.
03.01.1994	85656	Irkutsk	1+125/125	The engine of the engine during takeoff, which caused the refusal of the hydraulic system.
06.06.1994	B-2610.	Xian	160/160	Out in the air due to overloads with incorrectly tuned autopilot.
21.01.1995	85455	Karachi	0/117	Unable to take off because of the overload, rolled out beyond the runway.
07.12.1995	85164	Khabarovsk	98/98	Asymmetric fuel pumping from tanks; Error by mistake increased the resulting right roll and the flight became uncontrollable.
29.08.1996	85621	Longyir	141/141	Crashed into the mountain at sunset. Crew error.
13.09.1997	11+02	Namibia	24/24	Military. Faced in the air from the US Air Force C-141.
15.12.1997	85281	Sharjah	85/86	Landing to runway. Crew error.
29.08.1998	CU-T1264.	Quito	10+70/91	Interrupted takeoff, the plane rolled out beyond the BST WFP and caught fire.
24.02.1999	B-2622.	Juian	61/61	With a decrease, there was a refusal of technology.
04.07.2000	HA-LCR	Thessaloniki	0/76	I could not go to the second round due to sharp braking, so as not to face another aircraft in a busy runway.
03.07.2001	85845	Irkutsk	145/145	Crashed while entering the landing due to piloting errors.
04.10.2001	85693	Black Sea	78/78	Mistakenly hit the Ukrainian air defense missile in exercises.
12.02.2002	EP-MBS.	Horrebad	119/119	Crashed with a decline.
20.02.2002	EP-LBX	Mashhad	0 / ND.	Rough landing. Damaged when repairing Vnukovo, written off.
01.07.2002	85816	Yumbingen	69/69	Faced in the air with Boeing 757 due to dispatcher errors.
24.08.2004	85556	Millerovo.	46/46	Blown up in the air a suicide bomber.
22.08.2006	85185	Donetsk	170/170	The error of the aircraft commander: an attempt at the inlet of the thunderstorm front on top at the maximum height. Dumping in the "Flat Corkscrew".
01.09.2006	EP-MCF.	Mashhad	29/147	When landing, the tire burst, the plane rolled out outside the runway and caught fire.
30.06.2008	85667	Pulkovo	0/112	Engine fire at takeoff. The takeoff was interrupted, the car is written off.
08.05.2009	EP-MCR.	mashhada	0/169	He fell into a strong turbulence, damaged by hail. Listed.
15.07.2009	EP-CPG.	at Kazvin	168/168	The destruction of the engine on the echelon. Lost management and crashed.
24.01.2010	85787	Mashhad	0/170	With a rough landing, the tail fell off the tail, a fire began.
10.04.2010	101	Smolensk	96/96	I suffered a catastrophe at a trial goal at a dense fog. On board was the President of Poland Lech Kaczynsky and other high-ranking faces.
04.12.2010	85744	Domodedovo	2/163	Failure of two engines after takeoff from Vnukovo. When an emergency landing in Domodedovo rolled out beyond the runway and fell apart.
01.01.2011	85588	Surgut	3/134	When preparing to take off on board, a fire began: the causes are clarified, the most likely is a malfunction of electrical equipment.

And fell into the Black Sea 185 km from Sochi passenger aircraft Tu-154, following the flight Tel Aviv - Novosibirsk.

All those who were on his 78 people were killed: 66 passengers and 12 crew members.

As reported, on board the aircraft there were 15 citizens of Russia and 51 Israeli citizen. Among the passengers was the deputy general director of the airline "Siberia" on Security Vladimir Alekseev. According to Sibir's airline, all crew members were company employees and citizens of Russia.

Novosibirsk airline "Siberia", which belonged to the deceased airliner, is one of the largest regional airlines of Russia. It specializes mostly on passenger traffic.

At 13:30, the aircraft entered the area of \u200b\u200bresponsibility of the dispatching point in Rostov-on-Don. Everything was ordinary, the plane was at an altitude of 11.11 thousand meters at a speed of 850 kilometers per hour. At 13:44 the plane disappeared from the locator screens. Dispatchers requested aircraftwho were in that area. The commander of the An-24 Armenian airline airplane reported that the plane exploded to the left, his debris fall into the sea.

The an-26 airfield of the Federal Border Service of Russia urgently flew to the place of the accident from Gelendzhik. There I was going on the Watchdog Border Ship "Grief". Also, the An-12 Ministry of Defense and Helicopter Mi-8 Sochi Search and Rescue Service with Drags and Lifeguards on board, two rescue tugs went out to the fall around the fall - "Mercury" from Tuapse and "Captain Beklemishchev" from Novorossiysk.

The head of the commission to investigate the causes of the aircraft accident was appointed Vladimir Rushajlo. In the meantime, the Interstate Aviation Committee (MAC) and the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation created their commission to investigate the aviation catastrophe in airspace over the Black Sea.

On October 5, 2001, the Deputy Prosecutor General of Russia Sergey Freidinsky opened a criminal case under the article "Terrorism" on the fact of the Tu-154 aircraft catastrophe. According to the management of information and public relations of the Prosecutor General's Office, the case was initiated on the instructions of the Prosecutor General Vladimir Ustinov. At its order, Sergei Freidinsky headed the investigative group.

The bodies of the dead, some fragments of the crashing Tu-154 and the crew documents found in the sea, delivered the coach cargo ship "Captain Vakula".

At 9.15 minutes local time (17.15 Moscow), almost day a day, two months after the tragedy on September 11, the airlines A-300-600 airline Airlines "AMERICAN AIRLINES" on-board number N14053 fell on New York after take-off international Airport Kennedy named.

The plane made a flight No. 587 from Boston through New York to Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic). On board the aircraft there were 260 people, including 9 crew members. Two minutes after takeoff on the right side of the aircraft there was an explosion. Witnesses argue that before the plane hit the Earth, the wreckage of the turbine and the fuselage was already filled with the sky. There were no signals from the crew about the explosion on board.

According to eyewitnesses, after takeoff, the plane gained the height unusually slowly and heavily launched on the left side. Apparently, a fire broke out in one of the engines. Pilots included emergency fuel reset to ensure an emergency landing. But after a few moments an explosion occurred, and the turbine broke away from the wing.

She fell on the parking lot from the Texaco gas station - just a few meters from the underground tanks with gasoline. And the plane himself collapsed to neighboring houses.

More than 10 residential buildings were covered by flames. In five quarters from the disaster site there is a school. She was empty, because in America a holiday - the day of veterans. All New York airports, bridges and tunnels were closed. At the scene there was a huge pillars of smoke, helicopters were circling. Judging by the fact that the smoke from the black became white, the flame actively extended fire teams.

Representatives of the US Federal Security Administration announced that the cause of the death of the airline Airlines Amerikhan Airlines, which opened the flight No. 587 to the Dominican Republic, most likely became some kind of malfunction, although literally the day before the departure passed the plane was another technical test. The processing of the speech recorder discovered on the site of the tragedy did not give any reason to believe that there were terrorists on board.

According to the official data of American Airlines, there were 251 passenger on board liner (including five chest children who did not discharge individual tickets) and 9 crew members. All of them died. In addition, missing "from 6 to 9 people", which were at the time of the Earth at the time of the catastrophe. Fully burned out 4 at home, another 12 was damaged to varying degrees.

On board a broken aircraft A-300 was about 150 citizens Dominican Republic. This was announced by the President of the Dominican Republic, Ippolite Mexia. According to official sources, Russian citizens were not on board the crashed aircraft.

According to local television channel, the representatives of American Airlines did not even come out to those gathered at the airport to people to clarify them the situation.

In the final report of the commission for the investigation of the plane crash (dated October 26, 2004), it is said that the cause of Airbus A300 in the sensate trail from the Japanese airline plane takes off in front of him. Also was the high sensitivity of the steering wheel (height? - approx. O.K.) to the actions of pedals.

Audio recording of the crew negotiations in the last minutes before the catastrophe.

Crew

The coordinates of the approximate location of the aircraft were determined 42.183333 , 37.616667 42 ° 11 's. sh. 37 ° 37 'in. d. /  42.183333 ° C. sh. 37.616667 ° C. d. (G) (O) that is about 280 kilometers from Novorossiysk.

A special commission was established to establish the causes of the accident. To the crash site urgently flew out of Gelendzhik An-26 federal border serving of Russia. There I went to the Watchdog Border Ship "Grief". Also, the An-12 Ministry of Defense and Helicopter of the Mi-8 Sochi Search and Rescue Service with Drags and Rescuers on board, two rescue tugs went out to the fall around the fall - "Mercury" from Tuapse and "Captain Beklemishchev" from Novorossiysk, as well as a ship EMERCOM of Russia "Rescuer Prokokchik." An-12 aircraft discovered oil spots in the estimated location of the fall. Helicopters discovered several debris of the aircraft and the bodies of the dead passengers floating on the surface of the sea.

Version

Technical investigation

October 5. Information on the Tu-154 found holes that resemble bullets found in the fuselage, however, this information was called premature. The head of the West Siberian Regional Air Transport Department Vladimir Tasun said that, "on unverified information, the dispatcher on the locator saw a glowing point, quickly approaching the aircraft. Here is the only thing that is obtained from unofficial sources through telephone channels by employees of Siberia from Rostov. Another day to Russian rescuers joined the rescuers from Israel, as well as the analysis of the Tu-154 crew negotiations and the analysis of the video film fixing the testimony of radar. On this day, Prime Minister of Ukraine Anatoly Kinah made a statement that the version of the rocket on the aircraft Tu-154 Airlines Siberia "has the right to exist."

October 6. Secretary of the Security Council of Russia Vladimir Rushailo said that at the site of the accident, items were found that are not related to the design of the aircraft, and that "there was a destruction of the aircraft as a result of explosive defeat." At the same time, the head of the Main Directorate of the North Caucasus Regional Center for EMERCOM of Russia Ivan Tetherin expressed the opinion that the probability of finding any remains of the Tu-154 aircraft at the bottom of the Black Sea is minimal due to the great depth and zero visibility.

October 7th According to the commission, at 13:45:12, the Tu-154 pilot cry was recorded by a terrestrial tape recorder.

October 9. According to the commission, the analysis of the blades in the fuselage shows that the aircraft could be affected by the molecule of the air defense system C-200, since the size and shape of the slopes are quite consistent with the shrapnel of the fragmentation fugasic combat part of the rocket of this particular complex. The establishment of the details of the disaster is complicated in the inability to determine the exact location of the aircraft - the debris turned out to be scattered on the territory with a radius of more than 12 nautical miles.

October 10 The Prosecutor General's Office of Russia reported the preliminary data of the forensic medical examination of the dead - the cause of the death of all 14 passengers whose bodies were discovered during search and rescue work, Barotravma became. Also, according to information from the Deputy Prosecutor General of Russia, Sergey Freidinsky in the blood of the dead was detected by carbon monoxide, which indicates a fire on board the vessel.

October 11 Vladimir Rushailo announced the conclusion of the technical commission, which was investigating the cause of the Tu-154 aircraft catastrophe: "Multiple damage in the form of similar sneakels talk about defeat russian aircraft From outside. " At the same time, Rusylo stressed that "the remains of the aircraft who fell into the sea are not found due to the complex structure of the bottom, the aggressive gray-hydrogen medium and the large layer of the alley - up to 6 meters.

October 12. Press secretary of the Defense Minister of Defense Konstantin Hivreko, commenting on the preliminary results of the investigation of the incident, recognized that the Ukrainian rocket could be the cause of the death of Tu-154.

October 13. Vladimir Rushailo stated that on the analysis of the wreckage of the aircraft and spokens, the anti-aircraft missile exploded 15 meters above the aircraft. The Minister of Defense of Ukraine at the Conference in Kiev, I apologized to the relatives of the Tu-154 of the Russian aircraft of the Tu-154 as a result of the catastrophe. "We know that they are involved in the tragedy, although its reasons are not yet installed."

Ukrainian expertise

Legal investigation and claims for damages

Initially, the General Prosecutor's Office of Russia opened a criminal case under the article "Terrorism" on the fact of the catastrophe of the passenger aircraft Tu-154 over the Black Sea. . After the publication of the conclusions of the Commission on October 16, 2001, the case was transferred to the production of the General Prosecutor's Office of Ukraine, the Russian side officially closed the Russian side.

Immediately after the decision of the court, the head of the "Family Family Family Foundation", Boris Kalinovsky and the Belonogovy family, who refused to receive material assistance, filed a lawsuit against compensation for moral damage - the defendants were the Cabinet of Ministers, the Ministry of Defense and the State Treasury of Ukraine. The case was considered in the Pechersk District Court of Kiev and on January 30, 2008 in compensation was completely denied. In the motivational part of the refusal it was stated that the wines of the defendants in the catastrophe was not established by investigating the prosecutor's office, given by the plaintiffs of evidence contradictory and cannot be recognized as the basis for satisfying the claim. The appeal to the court decision was not filed by the loser party.

At the same time, from relatives of the victims of OJSC "Airlines" Siberia ", she filed a lawsuit to the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine and the State Treasury of Ukraine on damages: the amount of claims included the market value of the destroyed aircraft with additional equipment, the costs associated with the investigation of the catastrophe, the costs of Insurance, missed benefits due to aircraft loss, and moral damage. The consideration of the case lasted more than seven years and ended with the victory of the protection of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine: Based on the judicial examinations conducted by the Kiev Research Institute, an additional analysis of the materials of the State Commission for the Investigation - in satisfying the claims was completely denied. On October 10, 2011, an appeal to the economic appellate court of Kiev was submitted to the loser.

On May 28, 2012, the Kiev Appeal Economic Court rejected the complaint russian airline Siberia (S7 Airlines) on the decision of the court of first instance, which did not recognize the guilt of the Ukrainian military in the crash of the Russian Tu-154 in 2001. On December 11, 2012, the Higher Economic Court of Ukraine left a decision in force. Representatives of the airline stated their intention to contact the European Court of Human Rights.

Versions of the cause of the tragedy

Operator error

The anti-aircraft missile complex C-200 uses a semi-active guidance system when the radiation source is a powerful ground radar ("target illumination"), and the rocket itself is oriented to the signal reflected from the target. In C-200 there are two main modes of operation of the reflection radar of the targets - mosses (monochromatic radiation) and FQM (phaseocode modulation). Mossi mode is commonly used to scan airspace When searching for purposes, the angle of elevation, azimuth and radial target rate are determined, but there is no range definition to the target. The range is determined in the FKM mode, but the switching of the radar to this mode takes up to 30 seconds and can not be done with a lack of time.

It is most likely that during training shooting with the participation of air defense of Ukraine, which were held on October 4, 2001 at the Cape of Opuk in the Crimea, the TY-154 aircraft accidentally found himself in the center of the alleged sector of the focusing of the educational purpose and had a radial speed close to it, as a result of which was Detected by the Radar of the C-200 system and adopted for the training goal. In the face of a lack of time and nervousness caused by the presence of top command and foreign guests, the C-200 operator did not produce a distance to the target and "highlighted" Tu-154 (located on a distance of 250-300 km) instead of a unauthorized training goal (launched from the range 60 km). Thus, the defeat of the Tu-154 anti-aircraft missile appeared, most likely, the consequence of non-missing missiles by the educational goal (as sometimes claimed), and the obvious guidance of the rocket with the C-200 operator on an erroneously identified goal. The calculation of the complex did not imply the possibility of such an outcome firing and did not take measures to prevent it. The size of the landfill did not ensure the safety of the shooting of the SPC of such a distance. Necessary measures for the release of airspace by the organizers of the Archery were not undertaken.

Terrorist attack

Due to the lack of the remains of the aircraft and "black boxes", which were not found, the establishment of absolutely reliable causes of the catastrophe was recognized as an examination of a book Impossible, but based on the available information, Ukrainian experts put forward the assumption that the aircraft suffered from an explosive device that could be "Between the ceiling of the inside of the aircraft" and its hull.

The reaction of the highest persons of the states affected by the plane crash

Russia

Ukraine

Israel

The statement of the Ukrainian president "There is tragedies and a larger scale" shocked the world community. A frivolous statement L. D. Kuchma caused an angry reaction of official Israel. Press Secretary of the Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon commented on the statement of the Ukrainian president:

When the dead is not a representative of your people, then, probably, it is possible to make such academic conclusions. 78 people died, most of which were Israelis - for us it is the greatest tragedy.

16th series series " Aerobatics"(Russia, 2009) contains references to the described catastrophe: the Russian aircraft IL-86 flew from Tel Aviv to Moscow, got into the zone of Ukraine's training air defense institution over the Black Sea and was shot down from S-200 SPC (in the film However, the plane managed to put in the steppes in the Kuban)

Interchangeable memory

Ten years later

Notes

1. I'm not me and the rocket is not mine
2. Plane crash flight Tu-154 Tel-Aviv-Novosibirsk (2001). Help | Certificates | News Tape "RIA Novosti"
3. "Tu-154 aircraft catastrophe in the Black Sea occurred due to the terrorist attack"
4. Catastrophe of the aircraft Tu-154 in the Black Sea
5. Chronicle tragedy
6. Western media report that the Tu-154 aircraft was shot down by a rocket from Ukraine
7. Tu-154 was shot down by a Ukrainian rocket?
8. In search of the Ukrainian trail
9. The fuselage Tu-154 did not detect bullet holes - News of Newsru.com
10. Hope on "Triton" is practically no
11. "The cause of the death of passengers Tu-154 has become a barotravma"
12. "Secretary of the Security Council of Russia Vladimir Rushailo told reporters with the conclusion of the Technical Commission. ... "
13. "The conclusion of the commission to investigate the death of Tu-154:" The aircraft was amazed from the outside ""
14. News Newsru.com :: Experts deny that the Russian Tu-154, who fell in 2001 in the Black Sea, hit the Ukrainian rocket
15. Experts deny the defeat of the aircraft of the Russian Federation by the Ukrainian rocket in 2001 // Ryanovosa Ukraine.
16. Ukraine does not see the grounds for initiating the case on the Tu-154 catastrophe
17. The investigation is completed, forget
18. The Prosecutor General's Office again took up the case of a catastrophe of the Russian Tu-154 over the Black Sea
19. The court ordered the Ukrainian prosecutor's office to resume the case of a catastrophe of the aircraft Tu-154
20. Keeva's housekeeper rejected Siberia to the Ministry of Defense and State Staff of Ukraine
21. Ukraine refused to suit the families of those killed in the catastrophe of Tu-154
22. The decision of the Kiev court in the case of the Tu-154 was shot down in 2001 appealed
23. Ukrainian military are not involved in PE with Tu-154 in 2001, confirmed the court // RIA Novosti, 05/28/2012, 15:27
24. Hairches, in.; Shagiakhmetov, P. Ukraine will appear before the ECHR. Kommersant (December 12, 2012). Archived from the original source December 16, 2012. Checked December 12, 2012.

Catastrophe Tu-154 over the Black Sea - Aviation catastrophe that occurred on Thursday October 4, 2001. The airliner Tu-154m Airlines Siberia performed the SBI1812 plane flight along the Tel Aviv -Novosibirsk route, but after 1 hour and 45 minutes after the takeoff hit the Black Sea. All 78 people who were on board (66 passengers and 12 crew) died.

Ukraine in 2003 signed intergovernmental agreements on compensation to the relatives of the guilt in the plane crash with Russia and Israel. In accordance with these agreements, Ukraine paid 200 thousand US dollars for each deceased - $ 7.8 million and $ 7.5 million to Israel. .

Plane

Crew

The aircraft managed an experienced crew, its composition was like this:

In the cabin of the aircraft worked five flight attendants:

• Vladimir Dmitrievich Khomyakov, 51 years old - senior flight attendant. Born on July 25, 1950 in Novosibirsk. On flight work since September 1972.
• Natalia Georgievna Kostenko, 45 years old. Born on April 3, 1956 in Novosibirsk. On a lot of work since July 1977.
• Alexander Gennadevich Savich, 35 years old. Born on November 3, 1966 in Novosibirsk in the family of pilot civil aviation. On a lot of work since June 1992.
• Elena Vladimirovna Gusarova, 32 years old. Born on June 24, 1969 in Novosibirsk. On a lot of work since January 1994.
• Igor Viktorovich Vorontkov, 42 years old. Born on April 2, 1959 in Novosibirsk. On a lot of work since 1991.

In addition, the crew included a 37-year-old engineer Sergei Ivanovich Lebedinsky and 37-year-old technician Konstantin Petrovich Shcherbakov.

Chronology of events

Departure from Tel Aviv

On October 3, 2001, Tu-154m board RA-85693 made a flight of SBI1811 on the route Novosibirsk Sochi-Aviv and back to Novosibirsk. On the way to Israel, landing in Sochi was performed with the goal of refueling. At Sochi Airport in the aircraft tanks, fuel was flooded from the calculation for the execution and reverse flight.

SBI1812 flight flew from David Ben-Gurion Airport at 08:00 UTC (10:00 in Israeli time). At 09:39 UTC the aircraft entered the responsibility zone number 7 of the North Caucasus Center for Automated Management air traffic (SKTS AUWD) "Strela", and the crew informed the dispatcher about the span of the obligatory reports of ODIRA. The flight was carried out at an altitude of 11 100 meters within the international airway B-145, which did not extend any restrictions, including the temporary, which operated for the period of the exercises of the Armed Forces of the Armed Forces of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine.

Launch of rocket forces by air defense of Ukraine

In October 2001, the power of air defense of Ukraine conducted exercises. October 4 at 09:41:20 UTC (13:41:20 MSK) The division of the 96th anti-aircraft missile brigade of the troops of the air defense of Ukraine was carried out the launch of the 5V28 C-200B complex.

The purpose of the start was the defeat of the target Tu-143 "Flight", which was flying 26-28 km from the start point of the Rocket 5B28. At the same time, with the same course coordinates, in the same direction, only on a distance of 260 km, flew the Tu-154 aircraft.

The 5V28 rocket overcame the distance to Tu-154 in 220 seconds. Almost all this time she looked at this plane. The rocket overtook the plane at an altitude of 11.1 km and exploded. Thousands of fragments were extended Tu-154, after which he collapsed into the sea.

Catastrophe

At 09:45 UTC (13:45 MSK) Tape recorder SKS AUVD "Strela" recorded a beep, corresponding to the crew exit on external communicationaccompanied by a man's cry. In the future, within 45 seconds, a few more signals were recorded from the cluster of the crew members of the onboard VHF radio station with subsequent noise and cries of crew members (including the phrase fragment: ... where hit (o) ...), testifying to the sudden appearance on board the aircraft emergency situation. Almost at the same time, the label of the aircraft disappeared from radar screens. The liner at that time was at an altitude of 11,000 meters by about 200 kilometers south-west Sochi. At the same time, ARMAVIA an-24 airline Armavia airlock has been reported on a fixed outbreak on it.

Fall site is located in the area of \u200b\u200bthe point with coordinates 43 ° 11 's. sh. 37 ° 37 'in. d. H.G.IO.L. .

Search operation

A special commission to investigate the causes of the catastrophe was established. At the end of the liner, the An-26 of the Federal Border Guard Service of Russia was urgently flew out of Gelendzhik. There, the Watchdog Border Ship "Griph" and Dry cargo ship "Captain Vakula" went there. An-12 Ministry of Defense Ministry's helicopter and helicopters of the Mi-8 Sochi Search and Rescue Service with Rescuers on board were also flewing toward the place of fall - "Mercury" from Tuapse and Captain Beklemishev from Novorossiysk, as well as the ship of the Ministry of Emergency Situations "Rescuer Prokokchik". At the airfield Agoy under Tuapse was ready for an immediate departure another Mi-8 helicopter with rescuers and equipment for rescue on water. He waited for location emergency landingTo save fuel on the search and engage exclusively by salvation. This helicopter did not take off, there were no survivors.

An-12 aircraft discovered oil spots in the estimated location of the fall. Helicopters discovered several debris of the aircraft and the bodies of the dead passengers floating on the surface of the sea. A total of 14 of the 78 bodies of the dead were discovered. No one survived .

Searches led within a radius of 30 km from the site specified by the Armavia aircraft crew. In this area of \u200b\u200bthe Black Sea, the depth is over 2000 meters and the high boost. The weather was normal. The sea was trample, examined the bottom of the echo sounder, collected floating remains from the surface. In addition to the remains of the bodies, 404 fragments of the liner, personal belongings and clothes of passengers were found. The location of the liner and side recorders could not find out. Among the collected fragments turned out to be about a quarter of everything outdoor coating The cabin of the aircraft, in which 183 holes from the lesion from the lesions of metal balls were discovered. On the extracted fragments they counted 460 blades. Not a single on-board recorder was found.

Extension extensions

Technical investigation

October 5.. Information on the Tu-154 found holes that resemble bullets found in the fuselage, however, this information was called premature. The head of the West Siberian Regional Air Transport Department Vladimir Tasun said that, "on unverified information, the dispatcher on the locator saw a glowing point, quickly approaching the aircraft. Here is the only thing that is obtained from unofficial sources through telephone channels by employees of Siberia from Rostov. Rescuers from Israel joined Russian rescuers, analyzing the Tu-154 crew negotiations and the analysis of the video shirt fixing radar testimony. Prime Minister of Ukraine Anatoly Kinai made a statement that the version of the rocket on the aircraft of the Tu-154 airline Siberia "has the right to exist."

October 6.. Secretary of the Security Council of Russia V. Rushailo said that at the site of the accident, items were found, not related to the design of the aircraft, and that "there was a destruction of the aircraft as a result of an explosive defeat." At the same time, the head of the Main Directorate of the North Caucasus Regional Center of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia Ivan Tetherin expressed the opinion that the likelihood of detecting any remains of the Tu-154 aircraft at the day of the Black Sea is minimal due to its high depth and zero visibility.

October 7th. According to the commission at 13:45:12, the Tu-154m pilot cry was recorded by a terrestrial tape recorder.

October 9.. According to the commission, the analysis of the scheduling in the fuselage showed that the aircraft could be affected by the molecule of the air defense complex C-200 "Earth-air", since the size and shape of the blades completely correspond to the shropnels of the fragmentation-fuchas combat part of the rocket of this particular complex. After the assumption that the plane could knock down the rocket during the exercises in the Crimean Peninsula, the media cease to call these teachings together and celebrate them as exclusively Ukrainian teachings. Finding out the details of the catastrophe is complicated by the inability to determine the exact location of the aircraft - the search for fragments of the aircraft were carried out on the territory of the radius of more than 12 nautical miles.

October 10. The Prosecutor General's Office of Russia reported the preliminary data of the forensic medical examination of the dead - the cause of the death of all 14 passengers whose bodies were found during search and rescue work, Barotravma became. According to the information of the Deputy Prosecutor General of Russia, Sergey Freidinsky, in the blood of the dead was detected by carbon monoxide, which indicates a fire on board the vessel.

October 11. Vladimir Rushailo announced the conclusion of the technical commission, which was investigating the reasons for the flight disaster 1812: "Multiple damage in the form of similar samples are talking about the defeat of the Russian aircraft outside." At the same time, Rusylo stressed that "the remains of the aircraft who fell into the sea were not found due to the complex structure of the bottom, the aggressive hydrogen sulfide environment and the large layer of il - up to 6 meters."

October 12.. Press secretary of the Defense Minister of Defense Konstantin Hivreko, commenting on the preliminary results of the investigation of the incident, recognized that the Ukrainian rocket could be the cause of the death of Tu-154.

October 13.. Vladimir Rushailo stated that, on the analysis of the wreckage of the aircraft and samples, the anti-aircraft missile was exploded at 15 m above the aircraft. The Minister of Defense of Ukraine at the conference in Kiev, I apologized to the relatives of the Tu-154 killed as a result of the catastrophe of the Russian aircraft: "We know that they are involved in the tragedy, although its reasons are not yet installed."

Investigation authorities

Interstate Aviation Committee

Teimurazov described the investigation into the commission: "The situation was cleared quickly enough, within a few days, and our investigation was conducted in accordance with international standards, attracting foreign experts, including from the United States. With the help of a comparison of the objective control of four different air traffic control stations, we precisely modeled the liner flight route and the rocket trajectory. This unequivocally showed that the start had occurred from the military landfill. In addition, we received an idea of \u200b\u200bthe nature of the damage gained, since we managed to raise 15 bodies at the scene, as well as the wreckage of the aircraft. We restored a number of fragments of the internal and external plating of the aircraft, including almost completely the entire floor. It was a wood that holds well on the water. We found five affecting elements of the combat part of the rocket. We set the exact brand and the factory number of the rocket, the number of combat part and even the number of the series of amazing steel balls. The developers of the C-200 missile complex participated in the work. "

The investigation of the poppy was completed in 2004. According to the conclusions of the Commission, Tu-154 was shot down by the "combat part of 5b14sh rocket 5B28 of the Zenit complex C-200V.<…> The triggering of the explosive device occurred at 9.45 [by worldwide coordinated time (UTC)] at a height of 15 m above the aircraft hull. " Based on the analysis of radar data, it was found that the rocket was launched from the Feodosia region (Crimea), where at this time the troops of Ukraine's air defense troops were held.

State Commission of Russia to investigate a plane crash

In Russia, a state commission was established to investigate the Tu-154 catastrophe headed by the Secretary of the Security Council of Russia Vladimir Rushailo.

General Prosecutor's Office of Russia

Sergey Freidinsky, Deputy Prosecutor General of Russia, opened a criminal case on the fact of the Tu-154 catastrophe, he also headed the investigative group.

During the investigation, the General Prosecutor's Office of Russia concluded that the cause of the catastrophe was the negligence of officials of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine. On December 20, 2001, a criminal case, initiated in Russia on the fact of a catastrophe, together with real evidence was sent to the Prosecutor General's Office of Ukraine.

State Commission of Ukraine to investigate a plane crash

On October 12, 2001, an interdepartmental commission for the investigation of the Tu-154 catastrophe was established by the Order of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine N 478-P. Her leader was appointed First Deputy Prime Minister of Ukraine Oleg Dubina. The Commission was attended by Secretary of the National Security Council and Defense of Ukraine Evgeny Marchuk, First Deputy Minister of Defense of Ukraine Ivan Bizhan, Head of the Judicial Examination Center of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine V. Sukhoi, Deputy Secretary of State of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine Alexander Paschenyuk and others.

Ministry of Defense of Ukraine

The Ministry of Defense of Ukraine conducted a service investigation into the circumstances related to the Tu-154 catastrophe. Its results confirmed the basic version of the incident (the defeat of the RCC from S-200B, issued by the PVA of Ukraine).

Bubist and Kharkov Institute of Air Force

On November 3, 2008, as part of the consideration of the lawsuit of Siberia to the Ministry of Defense and the State Staff of Ukraine, the economy court of Kiev, on the initiative of representatives of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine, appointed a comprehensive judicial ballistic, traceological, technical and radio engineering expertise. The commission of experts entered 6 employees (book) and 3 employees. These experts did not have experience in aircraft crash. On May 21, 2010, the Commission of Experts completed work. .

According to the examination, the aircraft Tu-154 was not amazed ukrainian rocket . Experts studied the conditions under which, according to the conclusions of the poppy, the Tu-154 aircraft could be affected by a rocket. The Commission concluded that during the undermining of the combat part of the rocket, the distance to the aircraft should have been 780 m. In this case, the aircraft would have fallen "up to three affecting elements." "The destruction of the aircraft under such conditions is practically impossible," the book is approved in the conclusions. The report also says that the flight target for three minutes before the Tu-154 catastrophe is destroyed by the fire of another anti-aircraft missile complex - the C-300PS, located 11 km from C-200B. At 9.42 by UTC (at 12.42 in Kiev time), the radiation of the C-200V radar equipment was discontinued, which eliminates the possibility of entering the aircraft of the Ukrainian anti-aircraft missile. Distilizing the defeat of the aircraft by the Ukrainian anti-aircraft missile, bank experts do not indicate others possible causes Tu-154 crash. Answering during the court hearings to questions, the experts did not rule out that the source of the aircraft's defeat could be located both outside and inside the liner, in particular, to represent an explosive device, placed "between the ceiling of the inside of the aircraft" and its outer shell.

Legal investigation and claims for damages

The Russian Prosecutor's Office of Russia opened a criminal case under the article "Terrorism" on the fact of the catastrophe passenger aircraft Tu-154 over the Black Sea. . After the publication of the conclusions of the Commission on October 16, 2001, the case was transferred to the production of the General Prosecutor's Office of Ukraine, the Russian side officially closed the Russian side.

On June 28, 2002, an interdepartmental commission was established for the settlement of claims in connection with the Tu-154 plane crash over the Black Sea, which headed the deputy. The Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation V. V. Loschinin, his deputy appointed Head of the Legal Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation R. A. Kolodkin. On the same day, the "Foundation for the Family Family of the Died Passengers of the flight of 1812 Tel Aviv Novosibirsk" is registered. B. V. Kalinovsky was elected to the head of the Fund, which coordinated the relationship between the interdepartmental commission with the relatives of the dead.

In accordance with the agreement on the settlement of claims, signed by Russia and Ukraine on December 26, 2003, the Ukrainian government listed $ 709,660 to pay to relatives of the dead Russian passengers. Payment of compensation was carried out by EX GRATIA, that is, without recognizing legal responsibility.

On September 20, 2004, the Prosecutor General's Office of Ukraine closed a criminal case on the fact of the catastrophe, since the investigation did not establish objective data that would significantly indicate that the Tu-154 is shot down by the C-200 missile, launched during the teachings of the Ukrainian air defense troops. The military court of Kiev garrison on October 19, 2004 canceled the decision of the General Prosecutor's Office on the closure of the case, the Supreme Court did not satisfy the complaint of the Prosecutor General's Office with a request to cancel this decision, and the investigation was resumed, but in July 2007 it was finally closed with the previous wording.

Immediately after the decision of the court, the head of the "Foundation for the Family Family Family" Boris Kalinovsky and the Belonogovaya family, which refused to receive material assistance, filed a lawsuit against compensation for moral damage - the defendants were the Cabinet of Ministers, the Ministry of Defense and the State Treasury of Ukraine. The case was considered in the Pechersk District Court of Kiev and on January 30, 2008 in compensation was completely denied. In the motivational part of the refusal it was stated that the wines of the defendants in the disaster was not established by investigating the prosecutor's office given by the plaintiffs of evidence contradictory and cannot be recognized as the basis for satisfying the claim. The appeal to the court decision was not filed by the loser party.

Similarly, Siberia filed a lawsuit against the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine and the State Treasury of Ukraine on damage to the Ministry of Defense: the amount of claims included the market value of the destroyed aircraft with additional equipment, the costs associated with the investigation of the catastrophe, the costs of Insurance, missed benefits due to the loss of the aircraft and moral damage. The consideration of the case lasted more than seven years and ended with the victory for the protection of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine: Based on the following analysis of the materials of the State Commission for the Investigation, based on the Civil Research Institute of Judicial Executive Commission - in satisfying the claims was denied. On October 10, 2011, an appeal to the economic appellate court of Kiev was submitted to the loser.

On May 28, 2012, the Kiev Appeal Economic Court rejected the complaint of the Russian airline Siberia (S7 Airlines) on the decision of the court of first instance, which did not recognize the blame of the Ukrainian military in the crash of the Russian Tu-154 in 2001. On December 11, 2012, the Higher Economic Court of Ukraine left a decision in force. Representatives of the airline stated their intention to contact the European Court of Human Rights, however, after April 21, 2013, the VKS refused to convey the case for consideration by the Supreme Court of Ukraine, the airline, passing all possible instances in Ukraine, did not take advantage of the opportunity to contact the ECHR. Thus, the Financial claims "Siberia" were not satisfied.

Versions of the causes of the catastrophe

Operator error

The S-200 anti-aircraft missile complex uses a semi-active guidance system when the radiation source serves as a powerful ground radar ("target illumination") and the rocket is focused on the signal reflected from the target. In C-200 there are two main modes of operation of the reflection radar of the targets - mosses (monochromatic radiation) and FQM (phaseocode modulation). Mossi mode is usually used to scan airspace when searching for purposes, while the elevation angle, azimuth and radial target rate are determined, but there is no range definition to the target. The range is determined in the FQM mode, the radar switching to this mode takes up to 30 seconds and may not be done with a lack of time.

Supporters of this version assume that during training shooting with the participation of air defense of Ukraine, which were held on October 4, 2001 at the Cape of Opuk in Crimea (31 Test Polyground of the Russian Federation, which is in the management of the Russian Federation of the Russian Federation), the TY-154 aircraft accidentally ended up in the center of the alleged The shelling sectors of the educational goal and had a radial speed close to it, as a result of which he was detected by the Radar of the S-200 system and was accepted for the training goal. In the face of a lack of time and nervousness caused by the presence of higher command and foreign guests, the C-200 operator did not produce a distance to the target and "highlighted" Tu-154 (located on a distance of 250-300 km) instead of a unauthorized training target (running 60 launched km). Thus, the defeat of the Tu-154 anti-aircraft missile appeared, most likely, the consequence of non-missing missiles by a training goal (as sometimes claimed), but the direct guidance of the rocket with the C-200 operator on an erroneously identified target.

The calculation of the complex did not imply the possibility of such an outcome firing and did not take measures to prevent it. The size of the landfill did not ensure the safety of the shooting of the SPC of such a distance. The necessary measures for the release of airspace by the organizers of the shooting were not taken: flights were prohibited only within a radius of 50 km, although the "passport" range of defeat the objectives of the C-200B complex is 255 km, and the technical range of the 5V28 / 5V28M rocket flight is about 300 km.

Terrorist attack

Due to the lack of onboard recorders, which were not found, to find out the absolutely reliable causes of the catastrophe was recognized as an examination of the Ukrainian Publish Institute impossible, but on the basis of the information available, Ukrainian experts put forward the assumption that the aircraft suffered from an explosive device that could be "between the ceiling The inner part of the aircraft "and its hull.

Personnel consequences

According to the results of a service investigation, 20 days after the tragedy, the Minister of Defense of Ukraine Alexander Kuzmuk was resigned. A few more people were also "suffered": from the army was fired by the Glavkom post of Colonel-General V. V. Tkachev, his deputy for combat training General Lieutenanta V. V. Dyakov (head of rocket firing at the Polygon of Opakov on that day), head of radio engineering troops PVA Major General Yu Krykov, Polkovnikov A. Lunev and N. Zhilkov, Lieutenantkovikov M. Alpathov and V. Shevchenko. Lieutenant General V. Kalinyuk was removed from office - Commander of the 49th Corps. The commander of the Division of the C-200 Major Yu. Wenger was translated into a subordinate position. However, none of the military from the military.

Cultural aspects

Perpetuation of memory

Memorial Plate on the Zaletssky Cemetery

Similar cases of destruction airliners by means of air defense

Notes

1. We hit (Neopr.) . 2001.novayagazeta.ru. Candle date February 5, 2017.
2. I am not me and the rocket is not mine // Evening Novosibirsk. - 08/23/2007.
3. Plane crash flight Tu-154 Tel Aviv - Novosibirsk (2001). Reference . RIA News .
4. The investigation is completed, forget / lenta.ru June 18, 2004
5. Description of the catastrophe on the Aviation Safety Network website.
6. Catastrophe Tu-154: Kuzmuk brought his apologies
7. Defense Minister Alexander Kuzmuk: I apologize to the Ukrainian people
8. Kuzmuk left. Kuchma banned military exercises and use rocket and anti-aircraft kits // Ukrainian truth. - 10/24/2001.
9. Mystery, which lies at the bottom. In the investigation of the air crash over the Black Sea for a decade ago, political interests, Expert Online (10/04/2011) intervened. Caption date August 13, 2016.
10. Tu-154 - Single Chronicle of Shame
11. The GPU will discern how the aircraft shot down in Kuzmuk. // Ukrainian True. - 28.10.2005
12. Ukraine transferred $ 7.8 million to Russia for compensation for a shot down Tu-154 Archival copy of September 27, 2016 on Wayback Machine Lenta.Ru, 12/15/2004
13. The court did not find the fault of the Ukrainian military in the crash of the Russian Tu-154. RIA Novosti, 6.9.2011
14. RA-85693 - RUSSIANPLANES.NET - Board Card
15. Flight 1812 Tel Aviv - Novosibirsk: Crew: Garov Evgeny Viktorovich (Neopr.) (inaccessible link). Archived on September 24, 2015.
16. Flight 1812 Tel Aviv - Novosibirsk: Crew: Lechugov Boris Aleksandrovich (Neopr.) (inaccessible link). OJSC "Airlines" Siberia "" Memory of passengers and crew of the flight of 1812 Tel Aviv - Novosibirsk. Caption date August 6, 2014. Archived March 10, 2016.
17. Flight 1812 Tel Aviv - Novosibirsk: Crew: Reta Konstantin Yuryevich (Neopr.) (inaccessible link). OJSC "Airlines" Siberia "" Memory of passengers and crew of the flight of 1812 Tel Aviv - Novosibirsk. Caption date August 6, 2014. Archived on March 7, 2016.
18. Flight 1812 Tel Aviv - Novosibirsk: Crew: Laptev Valery Glebovich (Neopr.) (inaccessible link). OJSC "Airlines" Siberia "" Memory of passengers and crew of the flight of 1812 Tel Aviv - Novosibirsk. Caption date August 6, 2014. Archived March 10, 2016.
19. Flight 1812 Tel Aviv - Novosibirsk: Crew: Alekseev Viktor Viktorovich (Neopr.) (inaccessible link). OJSC "Airlines" Siberia "" Memory of passengers and crew of the flight of 1812 Tel Aviv - Novosibirsk. Caption date August 6, 2014. Archived March 6, 2016.
20. Flight 1812 Tel Aviv - Novosibirsk (Neopr.) (inaccessible link). OJSC "Airlines" Siberia "" Memory of passengers and crew of the flight 1812 Tel Aviv - Novosibirsk: crew. Date of treatment August 6, 2014. Archived December 19, 2013.
21. Flight 1812 Tel Aviv - Novosibirsk: Chronicle of Events (Neopr.) (inaccessible link). OJSC "Airlines" Siberia "" Memory of passengers and crew of the flight of 1812 Tel Aviv - Novosibirsk. Date of treatment August 6, 2014. Archived December 19, 2013.
22. Order of the Ministry of Transport of Russia dated December 4, 2001 №NA-424-R "On an emergency with the aircraft Tu-154M RA-85693"
23. Material'ali Storong Zahista at Delі No. 30/261-2004 (Neopr.) (inaccessible link). Date of appeal September 17, 2011.