With a sudden accident, the crew and flight attendants have little time or it is not completely for the preparation of passengers and a passenger cabin to the forced (emergency) landing. Therefore, as soon as it became clear that the situation on the aircraft emergency and after a few seconds (minutes) will occur for a forced (emergency) landing, the FCC should file a team to the passengers to take a posture for emergency landing. For example, "Make and wrap your knees with your hands! Use soft things to protect your head and torso from shock! Gouping! "
This is a minimum that can be done to prepare passengers to strike at the time of landing almost in any situation.
AT civil aviation There are generally accepted security measures, according to which the plane, landing, when passing the turbulence zone, passengers must be in their places fastened by binding belts, while the backs of the chairs should be brought to a vertical position, the table is closed (fixed), and flight attendants must check the execution of passengers These security measures, which is included in their duty. Therefore, if a sudden accident occurs on take-off, landing or when the turbulence zone passes the command to take a posture for an emergency landing will be an additional security measure to the previously accepted and ordinary for each flight. After an emergency landing, the crew must act in accordance with the emergency schedule.
Actions of the crew and flight attendants at the accident on Earth
The action of the crew with an accident on earth is regulated by the RLE of the specific Sun (section "Actions in emergency situations"), but general provisions For all Sun are the same.
In the event of an emergency situation on board the aircraft, threatening the safety of passengers and crew members, in the parking lot, running, running before taking, run after landing, when there is no time to perform preparatory operations, crew members (including flight attendants) are required to take all measures for The immediate evacuation of passengers, without waiting for the arrival of the ground rescue team, and take them to a distance of at least 100 m from the nearest part of the aircraft.
As soon as it is established that the situation on the aircraft emergency (crew members must report the FAC on the appearance of smoke, the emergence of a fire or other deviations from normal conditions), the FCC should immediately give the crew team, including flight attendants, to act as an emergency schedule for a forced landing on land.
At the same time, the KVC should file a team of flight attendants to start the evacuation of passengers from the aircraft (after stopping the aircraft, if at the time of emergency situation was in motion).
In the event of an emergency in the parking lot (for example, a fire) at the moment of the absence of the FCM, immediately begin the evacuation of passengers from the aircraft. As soon as the situation is allowed, the FCC is obliged to directly lead the evacuation of passengers in accordance with the emergency schedule after a forced landing on land. Responsibilities of flight crew members and flight attendants are the same as emergency landing On land.
36. As you need to leave the aircraft after the emergency landing through the output with the released and inflated lady:
a) without stopping, jump on the ladder and move down;
b) without stopping, sitting on the edge of the ladder and move down;
b) to stay before the ladder, sit down on it and move down. |
37. When an emergency landing of the aircraft is necessary:
a) folded on the stomach, bend and squeeze my legs;
b) to wear life vest, hand over to the back of the front seat, and head the head between the knees;
c) bend, tilt the head as low as possible and cover it with your hands, lay down on the back of the front seat.
38. You fly on the plane. The flight attendant reported on board on board and the upcoming forced landing. Your actions after a forced landing provided that the aircraft salon smashed, the fire is visible in some places, the passage to evacuation exit is not blocked:
a) immediately put the oxygen mask, protect the body from burns and you will wait for rescuers;
b) Protect your burns by closing open parts of the body, feed back and crash to the output on all fours, covering the mouth and nose with a handkerchief or elements of clothing, moistened with liquid; Once by side, quickly move away from the aircraft;
c) ask the berthrutrice to bring a bottle with mineral water, on the backs of the chairs we run to the exit, pouring yourself to the water on the go, being overboard, we will wait around the aircraft in case your help is needed.
39. The plane made a forced planting on the water. You need:
a) put on a life jacket and inflate it, take with you or put on warm clothes, go to the exit for landing in a rescue raft;
b) take a rescue vest and warm clothes with you, go to the exit, go down to the rescue raft, put on warm clothes and a life jacket;
c) wear and inflate the life jacket, take the stock of products, go to the next salon and wait for the help of the flight attendant.
40. With a disruption of tightness in the aircraft, it is necessary:
a) fasten the safety belt and, closing his head with his hands, lean forward;
b) immediately put on an oxygen mask, fasten the safety belt and prepare for a rapid decline;
c) fasten the seat belt, helping the neighbors, put the oxygen mask.
Actions of passengers with water transport accident
Most of the major accidents and disasters on ships occurs under the influence of hurricanes, storms, fogs, ice, as well as the fault of people - captains, pilot and crew members.
Leaving the vessel during an accident or shipwreck is made only at the direction of the captain. He gives such a disposal in the following cases:
There are obvious signs of the upcoming death of the vessel (dangerous roll, the entrance to the water deck, feed, the nose);
The vessel remains afloat, but the spread of water on the ship leads to its flooding, and the crew has no sufficient means to combat water;
The shift of cargo or the icing of the vessel occurs, which ultimately leads to its tipping, and the crew does not have means of combating cargo displacement or icing;
A fire is distributed on the vessel, and the crew has no funds for its localization and liquidation;
Under the influence of wind, waves or flow, the vessel drifts on the reef, where it can be broken or overturned; At the same time, the vessel does not have a move or deprived of the ability to manage and cannot counteract the strength of nature, etc.
On large sea and river ships, all the actions associated with self-space are reduced to a better reach of the boat deck and a clear execution of the crew teams that organize rescue work. When declaring a boat alarm, all collective means of salvation are given in the working position, and the crew is prepared for leaving the vessel (Scheme 62).
All participants in the swimming need to wear spare clothes available at their disposal - cotton and woolen linen, sweaters, low-winding, better waterproof upper clothes, in the presence of a water-beam and, of course, a life jacket. Clothes better to wear multi-layered. Two thin sweaters of one preferred. It is desirable to wind up the neck, in the extreme case, a towel or sleeve of a torn sweater, torn off the panta, since it is stronger than the other parts of the body being suspended in water. You should wear one or two fitting woolen caps, throw and tighten the hood, on your hands - mittens or gloves. It should be striving to protect places, especially exposed to heat loss, - the chest below the armpits, the area of \u200b\u200bthe groin, neck, head. Shoes are better to wear spacious, two or three woolen socks, but so that it does not argue the movement of the toes.
Each swimming member should be able to handle the individual means of salvation. It is best to learn this in advance. It must be remembered that the wrong lifeline can not only help, but even speed up the death of a person on the water.
The first, according to the old maritime rule, children, women, wounded, weakened people are moving on the collective means of salvation. They need to organize insurance, for which one adult man can go to the saving agent.
The captain leaves the ship by the latter, preliminarily making sure that all crew members, passengers, as well as emergency equipment, are in a rescue agent.
Before boarding inflatable rescue facilities (rafts, boats), metal parts of shoes - horseshoes, buckles, protruding nails, which can dampen rubber trimming, are necessary. When landing in inflatable rafts and boats, it is advisable to avoid jumping. If it is impossible to do without a jump, it is necessary to try to fall on inflatable elements - onboard cylinders, inflatable beams, banks and racks. At the same time, it is desirable to get in touch with the trim possible with a larger body area to reduce the impact load on the inflatable design. If a person lands on his feet, it can break through the bottom of the rescue boat or the root.
People who were first in the rescue agent must insure it from damage - to repel in oars or hands from the vessel, to challenge the objects floating on the surface of water, as well as help their comrades.
Leaving a dying vessel can be carried out on rescue boats and inflatable rafts, the transition to the side of the lifestel's approached, evacuation on board the rescuer helicopter and the jump into the water.
Features of leaving the vessel jumping into the water(Scheme 63). Before leaving the vessel, the crew members must remind passengers the Rules in water and further behavior on the water. To jump into the water, such places are selected to be subject to the vessel. If there is an opportunity, it is better to go down to the water along the ladder. Life jacket must be protected from damage.
When jumping into the water chin to squeeze to the chest, but the head is bad forward not to tilt, so as not to hit the water face, the head will strain. One hand press clothes, the other - close the nostrils and mouth. Jumping down, feet to press each other, legs slightly bend and strained. Before jumping, take a deep breath. Once in the water, to emerge with open eyes, avoiding getting under the vessel, boat or raft. Restoring breathing, turn the face to the impending wave, then look around, whether you are dangerous from the side of the courts.
In the absence of rescuewhile in water, serve signals whistling or raising your hand. Move as little as possible to save heat. The heat loss in water occurs several times faster than in the air, so movement even in warm water should be reduced to just keep afloat. In rescue vest to preserve heat, grouper, grab your hands from the sides of the chest and lift the thighs higher, so that the water is less washed the paha area (Fig. 26). This method will increase the estimated period of survival in cold water by almost 50% (Table 5). If there is no rescue vest, look through the eyes of a floating item and grab it to be easier to stay afloat until the rescuers arrive. Rest, lying on the back.
Table 5.
The timing of the survival of a person in water depending on its temperature
| Temperature | Time before the onset (without workwear and gear) | Method of stay | Forecast survival time h, at temperatures |
|
| losses consciousness | probable of death |
|||
| 10 | 15-30 min | 15 min- 1.5 h | Swimming rescue vest | Up to 1.5 |
| 11-12 | 30-60 min | 1-2 C. | Swimming B. Rescue vest | 2 |
| Finding in a fixed pose in rescue vest | About 3. |
|||
| Staying in rescue vest (in the situation grouped) | ||||
| 19-21 | 3-7 C. | 8-10 C. | Finding in water groups in rescue vests, closely clinging to each other | |
| Safely life |
||||
When finding a rescue swimming agetake tablets from the sea disease. To save heat, you are closer to other victims, do exercise. Let's drink only sick and wounded. If there is no reasonable hope to reach the shore or go to ship paths, try to stay next to other boats near the place of the death of the vessel.
Keep your legs as dry. Raise regularly and move them to remove the swelling. Never drink marine water. Keep the fluid in the body, reducing useless movements. To reduce sweating in the afternoon, moisturize clothes, and to reduce the temperature inside the fleet, wet the outer shell with water. Use no more than 500-600 ml of water per day, dividing them on numerous small doses from the biggest evening. Fit just an emergency food reserve. Save smoke checkers until the actual possibility that the signal filed by you will notice will appear. Do not use checkers all together in the hope of finding yourself, instruct it to one person.
Check the knowledge gained by verifying your responses to tests with answers shown at the end of the textbook.
41. On large sea and river vessels, all the actions associated with self-position are reduced to the rapid way out on the boat deck and a clear execution of the crew teams of the vessel. Specify the correct passenger actions when you declare a boat alarm:
a) wear as many clothes as possible, take documents and a life jacket, quickly go to the boat deck, prepare for landing in rescue funds;
b) put on a life jacket, go to the boat deck, sit down in a lifeboat and wait for it when it is shuffled;
c) go down to your cabin, put on a life jacket and wait for the arrival of the ship's emergency team.
a) so as not to damage yourself;
b) not to cause damage to another passenger;
b) In order not to damage the rubber lifting of the rescue.
43. From the above answers, select the one that in your opinion reflects the right actions of the passenger when leaving a dusty vessel jump into the water:
a) close the face with both hands, jump into the water with legs down pressed together, quickly sail from the vessel;
b) inhale and delay their breath, pinch your mouth, jump into the water slightly bent his legs, lasts, sail from the ship;
c) inspect the place of the leading, breathe and delay the breath, hold the mouth and the nose, the other hand to pull down the rescue vest, jump into the water with his legs down, slightly bent them, driven, quickly sail from the vessel.
44. What are the sides of the body of a person are especially susceptible to heat loss while in water:
a) chest below the armpits, the area of \u200b\u200bgroin, neck and head;
b) hands and legs;
c) fingers and legs, feet feet, hair outlet.
45. When in the rescue swimming age can use water per day no more:
a) 200-300 ml;
b) 500-600 ml;
c) 800-1000 ml.
4.7. Hydrodynamic accidents and their consequences. Protection and action of the population
Hydrodynamic accidents - accidents on hydrodynamically dangerous objects, as a result of which catastrophic floodings can occur.
Hydrodynamically hazardous objectscall structures or natural formations that create a difference of water levels to (upper beyt) and after (lower beyfig) (Fig. 27). These include hydrotechnical facilities of the pressure edge: dams, dams, dams, water reservoirs and water intake structures, pressure pools and equalized tanks, hydroelectrics, small hydroelectric power plants and structures.
In case of accidents on hydrodynamically hazardous objects in the lower besef, as a result of the rapid fall in the water from the upper bey (see Fig. 27), a breakthrough wave is formed. Its affecting its effect is manifested in the form of a direct collapse on people and the facilities of the mass of water moving at high speed, and the fragments of buildings and structures, other items moving it.
In case of catastrophic flooding, the threat of life and the health of people, in addition to the effects of the breakthrough wave, are presented in cold water, neuropsychic overvoltage, as well as flooding (destruction) of systems that ensure the vital activity of the population.
The consequences of accidents on hydrodynamically dangerous objects can be difficult to predict. Calculated, as a rule, in the line of large settlements or above them for the flow and being occasion of increased risk, they can lead to a catastrophic flooding of extensive territories, a significant number of cities and villages, economy facilities, the mass death of people, long-term cessation of shipping, agricultural and fish production.
In the zones of catastrophic flooding, destruction (erosion) of water supply, sewage systems, drain communications, garbage collection sites and other garbage is possible. As a result of pollution of the flooding zone, the risk of occurrence and distribution of infectious diseases increases. This also contributes to the accumulation of the population in a limited area with a significant deterioration in the material and domestic living conditions.
In order to protect the population in catastrophic flooding, preventing or maximizing its degree of degree, a complex of organizational, engineering and technical and special events is carried out.
Aviation accident - The event associated with the operation of the aircraft, which occurred during the period of its board of passengers or crew members, resulting in damage or destruction of the aircraft and caused people's injuries or not caused bodily harm.
Depending on the scene, aviation incidents are divided into:
1. Fault - an event associated with the performance of the flight task crew and caused the consequences of varying severity for people who were on board the aircraft (injury or death) or the aircraft itself (damage or destruction).
2. Terrestrial incident - aviation accidentwho took place before or after the flight.
Depending on the Consequences of incident For passengers, crew and aircraft, flight and terrestrial accidents are divided into the following:
1. Breaking- Aviation accident, followed by the death of crew members and passengers, which led to damage to the aircraft, the repair of which is possible and economically appropriate.
2. Accident- Aviation accident that did not result in the death of crew members and passengers, but leading to complete destruction or severe aircraft damage, as a result of which its restoration is technically and economically impossible and inexpedient.
3. Catastrophe- Aviation accident, which entailed the death of crew members or passengers in the destruction or damage to the aircraft, as well as the death of people from the wounds obtained, which arrived within 30 days from the moment of the incident.
World statistics indicate that almost 50% of the aircraft crash occur on the flight field. In other cases, the catastrophe occurs in the air at various heights, and the aircraft confusing is the cause of the death of not only passengers and the crew, but also people on Earth.
Catastrophes in civil aviation, seemingly very frequent and dramatic, compared to other transport incidents, are characterized by small average loss rates. At the same time, in aviation catastrophes, losses may reach 80-90% of the total number of people in the aircraft.
Aviation accidents and disasters are possible for many reasons and lead to severe consequences. During accidents, during takeoff and landing, there is hope for the salvation of people, as the accidents usually occur when the plane is still on earth or low above it, and its speed is relatively small. Moreover, they, as a rule, happen in the area of \u200b\u200bthe airport, where there are rescue teams and the necessary equipment.
All causes of air traffic accidents are divided into groups:
1. Human factor - crew errors or dispatch service, poor health or pilots fatigue. Recently, the reason became relevant - blinding pilots from the ground with light pointers, lanterns.
2. Technical factor - failure, malfunction or breakdown of on-board equipment, poor quality of fuel.
3. Bad weather conditions - fog, shower, sharp cooling, high humidity.
4. Terrorist act - the seizure of the vessel, an explosion, sabotage.
Emergency rescue equipment
This combination of funds in an airplane intended to prevent injury and crew and ensuring the possibility of their emergency evacuation and salvation in the event of a forced landing of the aircraft to land or water.
Emergency and rescue equipment consists of means of fixing people, emergency exits for passengers and crews, marking means, exterior and internal emergency lighting systems, communication systems and alerts of passengers, auxiliary means to evacuate people to Earth.
Basic I. emergency exits
1. Main doors For the entrance and access of passengers, they are performed on the left side of the aircraft, and with the number of passengers, more than 250 people can be located on both sides. The height of the door depends on the diameter of the fuselage and is equal to 1400-1830 mm. The door width should be at least 860 mm, on wide-body aircraft To reduce the time of entry and output, the doors are often made so width so that they can simultaneously enter 2 people. The door threshold is not allowed, the doorway is limited to the floor plane. During emergency leaving the aircraft, the main doors are counted in the number of emergency exits.
2. For emergency leaving the aircraft in both sides of the aircraft, emergency exits are made, 510x1100 mm, located on the left and right side. The number of emergency exits depends on the number of passengers. The number and size of emergency exits should be such that when leaving the aircraft, with 50% of all outputs open to 50%, including the main evacuation was carried out in 90 seconds. It has been established that in the presence of two main outputs on the left side and two emergency in the right side of 120-160 passengers leave the aircraft for 30 seconds. On airplanes there are at least two emergency hatches to exit the wing. To ensure the exit when landing the aircraft, the water must be made at least two upper emergency hatches to exit the end of the fuselage at the rate of 1 hatch on 35 passengers.
For emergency leaving the aircraft of passengers and crew, all major, service and emergency exits are used. Outputs for passengers, approaches to them and the opening tools have a noticeable labeling that facilitates their detection. All inscriptions are highlighted from the inside, regardless of the main lighting system. The devices of emergency hatches and their locks are simple, noticeable and do not require great effort to open. The instructions for opening them are applied on the doors (hatches).
Individual and group rescue means on board the aircraft.
When flying over the aquatic space, rescue equipment is complemented by individual and group rescue floats.
Individual rescue fossility includes:
- rescue inflatable vests;
- pillows with constant buoyancy;
Group Rescue Plasmobile
- Inflatable rafts.
- Combined lathes-rafts: a combined aid used both to facilitate the descent of passengers when evacuating from emergency outlets after an emergency landing to land and to maintain a group of passengers afloat after emergency leaving the aircraft who has committed a forced landing for water.
Mass of one fleet for 6 people complete with equipment and food for 3 days - 15 kg. Group rafts accommodate from 6 to 25 people.
- Inflatable emergency ladder. Such a ladder is necessarily available on board, if the main and emergency exits are located high above the ground. Its mass together with a balloon 40-45 kg. The place for it is given near the entrance door, or the emergency hatch.
The actions of the passengers on board the aircraft during the accident and non-standard situation
In the event of an external situation, the pilots until the latter are trying to avoid disasters, so it is categorically forbidden to panic, screaming, to get up from the chair and run through the cabin. This will only distract the crew than worsen and without the dangerous situation on board.
Actions of passengers if the plane fell into the turbulence zone.
Often during the flight the plane can get into air pitAs a result, the shaking and severe vibration occurs on board. This situation is called turbulence. The safety belt should be fastened and accurately follow the instructions of the crew members. Do not be from the spot - it can lead to injury.
Actions of passengers in the event of an accident at take-off and landing
1. Take the back of the chair in the vertical position.
2. Remove glasses, high-heeled shoes, weaken the tie, unbutton the collar, take sharp items out of your pockets.
3. Put soft things on your knees, fit the seat belt and fasten it.
4. To lean forward, lower my head down, rub the back in front of the standing chair (with his absence, clashed her knees and put their heads on them).
5. Leaving the plane through the exit with the ladder released and inflated, you need, not stopping, jump on it, and not sit on the edge and then go down. Only a jump is achieved an increase in evacuation rate. Before jumping, shoot glasses, high-heeled shoes.
6. When decompression, i.e. Air discharge In the aircraft cabin as a result of depressurization, the plane is filled with dust and fog. The visibility is sharply reduced, air quickly leaves the air, and it cannot be delayed. At the same time, ringing in the ears and pain in the intestines may arise.
Fast decompression usually begins with a deafening roar (air leaves). In this case, without waiting for the team, immediately put on the oxygen mask. Do not try to assist anyone before you wear a mask, even if this is your child: if you do not have time to help yourself and lose consciousness, both will find yourself without oxygen. Immediately after putting on the mask, fasten the seat belts and prepare for a sharp decline.
Actions of air passengers in the fire
1. Listen and execute the crew members.
2. Protect the open areas of the body from the direct impact of fire using the existing clothes, the plaids.
3. Make and enjoy the output on all fours.
4. If the passage is blocked, move on top of the lowered aircraft spots.
5. Outside the aircraft, go away from it as far as possible.
When evacuations, get rid of hand baggage and avoid output through the hatches near which there is an open fire or a strong slightness.
Actions during the forced (emergency) landing of the aircraft
The forced landing of the aircraft on the water is rare. Before sinking, the plane can be afloat from 10 to 40 minutes. However, if the fuselage is damaged, this time is significantly less. Aircraft, in which engines are located on the wings will be afloat in a horizontal position, and those whose two or more engines are on the tail, will float the tail part down. In one case, the plane can touch the water surface very smoothly, in the other to fall apart on the pieces and quickly sink.
After a forced landing on the water, rescue rafts are descended. The time to bring the dam in the working condition is approximately 1 minute in the summer and 3 minutes in winter.
When driving, it is necessary to clearly act on the crew or flight attendant commander.
1. Be careful, in front of the flight above the water surface, the editorial is always instructed by the correct use of inflatable rescue vest.
2. During the accident, perform all the crew instructions.
3. Put on yourself warm clothes or take with you.
4. Remove and put on the rescue vest pockets forward.
5. Inflating the vest in the cabin is prohibited. This will complicate evacuation.
6. Take a place on a rescue raft.
7. Once in the water, pull the check for automatic lift inflation.
8. Using oars and recession objects, go away from the airplane dive site. After that, it is necessary to straighten up and throw a floating anchor overboard, which will reduce the drift drift speed in the wind and will hold back in the accident area.
9. It is advisable to all the survivors to keep together, you will find it faster, and you can save warmly longer.
Happen not very often. The chances of survival at the same time are highly dependent on the cause, which caused it. If the crew actions are coordinated and clearly follow what they were taught, then the chances are sharply rising. Much depends on you. Panic and cry will be too late. You need to perform the crew instructions and try to keep calm.
In 1974, the American airline Pan American could not sit at Pago Airport, Samoa, due to bad weather conditions. The plane collapsed in the jungle and a fire began on board. Only 5 people were able to survive. They performed the indications of the flight attendant, so they remained alive. This emphasizes the importance of knowledge of his actions in case of emergency landing of the aircraft.
The simplest thing is to listen carefully before the flight informationwhich is told. Passengers usually engage in outsiders when they show how to use oxygen masks and rescue vents. It is not right. In the event of an emergency landing of an aircraft on the water or on Earth, this information can save your life.
Be sure to familiarize yourself with the instructions that are investing in each pockets of the passenger chairs. It does not take much time, but will help to understand how to behave in the case of a disaster.
Statistics prove that chances to survive more from those passengers who choose big airplanes , not small. Agree that it is better to fly on something on an old corn.
The information you tell the flight attendants before the flight can save you life!
The choice of space inside the cabin also affects your chances of survival. If the plane crashes, then, in most cases, the front compartment is destroyed first, and then the rear. This may happen with the tail, and with the wing. The most important thing is that your chair is in 5 rows of emergency exit. Then you can quickly get out of the salon, if the plane made an emergency landing.
80% of all disasters take place in the first three minutes after takeoff and the last 8 minutes before landing. In these periods, you need to fasten the belt and not sleep. If you like to shoot shoes for the flight, then you must put it back.
Now consider what you need to do when depressurizing the cabin / fire on board / landing on the water or to the ground.
When decompression
The first thing you will hear when the cab is deployed, this is a deafening roar. In the cabin will start flying loose things. Everything around will be like in the fog. You will feel pain and noise in the ears. May be sick.
Immediately dress oxygen maskwhich automatically falls from above. Even if it seems to you selfish, but at first you need to wear it, and then helping to wear them with your loved ones, even children. The lack of oxygen is very dangerous. You can lose very quickly consciousness. Therefore, it is better to take care of yourself, and then help others.
The depressurization is very dangerous, as it causes a lack of oxygen.
The second action should be security belt fixing. The crew will send a facing plane to. If the catastrophe is very serious, it will be simply falling. In order not to fall out of the chair, you need to fasten the belt.
With fire in the cabin
Practically each fifth plane crash is accompanied by fire on board. If this happens, then remove synthetic clothing (Tights, etc.). It easily melts. Things from materials that are badly burning, it's better to wear on the contrary.
Take on top of the plaid or blanketif they are at hand. The respiratory tract is recommended to be protected with a rag moistened in any fluid. Moving around the cabin better on all fours.
We use objects scattered on the floor or through the chairs. If there is a fire or smoke for an emergency hatch, then do not open them. Do not lose hope! AND try to get out of the plane. Help other people.
When planting water or land
If you watch the video of emergency landing of passenger aircraft, then you can see what exactly panic and confused actions lie passengers.
Listen carefully to the crew instructions and perform them. Fasten the belts and lower your head to the knee level. Close it with palms or covered on top of the hands. Under the stomach, lay the plaid or bag. Help your knees in the back of the chair, located ahead.
Remove all metal items. Otherwise, doctors then have to pick them out of your body. Scarves or scarves also better remove. Cooking for anything, they can strangle you.
When an emergency landing of the aircraft must remain in place until it stops.
All people will rush to the outputs through which and came. Do not hurry to go behind them. In a pressure, you can get serious injuries.
With an emergency landing of the aircraft, try not to panic, but to act, according to the crew instructions.
The plane provides inflatable ladders for which passengers come down. There are still ropes with nodes.
Inflatable ladder - these are two cylinders with tensioned between them. One end to his end is attached inside the cabin, and the other rests in the ground. Do not hold on the side cords when you descend. Women better remove high-heeled shoes, so as not to spoil the ladder. Going away, immediately move away, so as not to interfere with other passengers.
When planting water wear a life jacket. It is under the chair, puts on through his head. Special belts is securely attached.
There are special rafts in the cabin. They need to be launched and sitting in them. To attract the attention of the rescuers, you need to use a whistle or lantern.
Emergency situations on board the aircraft happen infrequently, but still happen. The right to make a decision on an unplanned emergency landing provided by the commander of the carriage of the liner or his deputy.
In the emergence of an emergency situation, the crew may decide to make a forced landing in the following cases:
1. Fire in the aircraft
Careless handling of fire and smoking on board can cause a fire. Because of the fires on board, approximately 20% of the aircraft accidents occur. If a fire has begun in the liner, you need to try not to swallow smoke and breathe through a rag.
After landing the aircraft, you need to immediately go to the nearest exit. At the same time you need:Protect your skin with clothing or plaid;
To go on and go to the exit on all fours - at the bottom of the smoke should be less;
Do not stand in the crowd at the output, if the queue does not move, remember that if other outputs;
Don't take manual jack, It can cost you life.
2. Failure to one of the engines
The refusal of one of the aircraft engines can lead to a drop of aircraft. After the problem is detected, the board commander makes the decision to return to the departure point or asks to land at the nearest airfield.
Accidents at a height of over seven thousand meters are often accompanied by decompression (firing air in an airplane). The crew decides on forced landing in the event of a sharp drop in air pressure and depressurization of the aircraft. In case of emergency decompression in civil aviation liners, oxygen masks for passengers and crew are automatically emitted. Passengers and crew members must immediately wear these masks, after which the crew should reduce the height of the flight to the one on which the cockpit seal is not required, and then make a forced landing.
4. Deboshi on board
Fights on board the aircraft have become a rather frequent phenomenon. Once in a closed space and being in a state of intoxication, the deboshirs are looking for reasons for conflict.
In an effort to get the maximum adrenaline, unbalanced passengers rush to others. In the event that the stewards cannot cope with the assimilation of deboshirs, the crew decides on the forced landing of the aircraft.5. Passenger's bad well-being
The plane can make an emergency landing due to poor well-being or death of one of the passengers.
6. Poor well-being or death of the pilot
A forced emergency landing the aircraft may be committed in case of poor well-being or death of the pilot, when an incomplete crew for any reason cannot continue the flight.
7. Hyon aircraft
A forced landing can occur in the event of a hijacking liner criminals. To prevent hijacking, in most commercial airlines in the cabins of pilots, armored doors are installed. In addition, on some flights there are armed service of air security services in civilian clothes that may neutralize the invaders.
What needs to be done in the case of a forced landing of the aircraft?
With a forced landing, the aircraft can crash into the trees, rock, split in half, to light up and explode. In the case of an emergency landing, passengers need:
Immediately release the passages and take places in their chairs;
Bring back to the vertical position;
Remove glasses, dentures, remove sharp objects from the internal pockets (fountain pen, knives, lighters);
Remove high-heeled shoes;
Weaken tie and unbutton collar;
Put on your knees soft things to protect the head and body;
Fasten and tighten the belts tightly.
At the command of the flight attendant "Attention landing!" Should:
To lean forward, to close the head with soft things and put it on the hands, which knees;
Stay in such a pose need to complete the aircraft.
After stopping the aircraft, the belts should be unzipped and prepared for evacuation. For emergency abandoning by board with passengers and the crew, all major and spare doors are used, as well as emergency exits, located, as a rule, on the left and right side of the fuselage.
