Altai will certainly be of interest to numerous tourists. This is truly a country of unique beauty, known for its majestic mountains, vast valleys and deep rivers. The Altai Mountains are a rather complex system of mountain ranges. For more than a hundred years, the Altai mountains have been attracting artists, scientists, climbers, photographers and simply those who like to relax in nature.
Golden Mountains
In 1998 Altai Republic was included by UNESCO on the World Heritage List. There are three objects in total on this list: the Altai and Katunsky nature reserves, as well as the Ukok plateau. The protected area, which exceeds 16,000 km2, includes Lake Teletskoye and Mount Belukha. Here you can also find several Pazyryk burial grounds.
All these places were not chosen for conservation by chance. It is here that you can find such rare animals as the Altai argali, snow leopard, and snow leopard. Unfortunately, despite the efforts made to protect this area, poaching continues to flourish here.
Mount Belukha
Mount Belukha is the most highest point Siberia. The height of this grandiose peak is 4506 meters above sea level. It is represented by two pointed pyramids of irregular shape, Eastern and Western Belukha. Between the peaks there is a small depression called Belukha Saddle.
For the first time, Professor Sapozhnikov was able to measure the height of Belukha. The barometer showed the following results: altitude Eastern peak- 4542 meters, Western - 4437, and the height of the saddle - 4065 meters above sea level. The subsequent measurement of the mountain took place in 1935 by climber D.I. Gushchin. He managed to climb to the top of Eastern Belukha and get very unexpected barometer results - 4630 meters.
It is worth noting that the Belukha area is located in a zone of increased seismic activity, so small earthquakes are not uncommon here. As a result, avalanches are often observed, landslides occur, and the ice shell breaks. The territory of Belukha is characterized by tectonic uplift, which continues to this day.
Belukha Climate
The climate of Belukha is quite harsh. Winters here are long and cold, and summers are short and rainy. Depending on the altitudinal zonation, it varies, starting from the top of the mountain and up to the glacial climate. On this moment Instrumental observations are carried out by two weather stations at once - Akkem and Karaturek. Previously, another weather station, Katun, operated near the Gebler Glacier. According to research results, in the summer the weather at the top of Belukha is quite cold, reaching -20 0 C.
In winter, negative temperatures can reach 48 degrees. Temperature inversions are quite common here. The norm of annual precipitation, according to weather stations, is 533 mm. Foehns and mountain winds are widespread in the nival-glacial zone of the mountain. Currently, 169 glaciers are known to be located on the slopes and valleys of Belukha.
Rivers, vegetation and fauna
Most of the rivers of the Altai Mountains belong to the river basin. Katun, which originates on the southern slope of the Gebler glacier. The rivers Akkem, Kucherla, Idygem, Bukhtarma and others also flow here. Rivers that were born near glaciers belong to a special type Altai rivers. The precipitation that falls here does not play a special role in feeding the rivers, unlike snow and glacial meltwater.
Rivers in Altai are distinguished by their transience. Waterfalls are often found - for example, the magnificent Rossypnoy waterfall, located on the right tributary of the Katun. In the valleys of Altai there are numerous lakes that appeared in connection with the activity of ancient glaciers. The largest and most picturesque of them are Nizhneye Akkemskoye and Bolshoye Kucherlinskoye.
Animal world Altai Territory truly unique. Very rare species of birds and animals are found here. Birds are the most diverse. Here you can often find white partridge, chough, and alpine jackdaw. Much less common are the Siberian mountain finch and even quite exotic species, such as the juniper grosbeak. You can also see the golden eagle, great lentil and Altai snowcock - all these birds are listed in the Red Book.
The Altai Mountains are characterized by variegated vegetation. The forests here are mainly represented by dark coniferous species - Siberian spruce, fir, cedar. Deciduous trees such as mountain ash, larch and birch are found everywhere here. Among the shrubs, the most popular are meadowsweet, caragana and honeysuckle. Lingonberries are becoming more common with altitude.
In Altai there are many tourist routes and directions, equestrian and hiking. The beauty and diversity of the nature of the Altai Mountains will not leave anyone indifferent: quiet lakes and fast rivers, high mountains and mysterious caves - all this has been attracting numerous tourists and travelers from all over the world for many decades.
Altai Mountains grade 4 report is presented in this article.
Message about the Altai Mountains
Altai Mountains geographical location
These majestic mountains represent a very complex system of all Siberian ranges. They are separated by river valleys, vast intermountain and intramountain basins. They are mainly located on the territory of the Altai Republic and a smaller part in Eastern Altai. This mountain system is divided into Southwestern Altai, Eastern Altai, Southeastern Altai, Northwestern Altai, Central Altai, Northeastern Altai and Northern Altai.
Why are Altai called the golden mountains?
From the Turkic languages, the word “Altyn” is translated as “golden”. In the evening, if you look closely, you can see how the rays of the sun at sunset give the mountain tops a magical, golden glow. But there is a less beautiful version. Gold was mined and washed out near the mountain, in its rivers and lakes. This is where their second name comes from.
Relief of the Altai Mountains
In the mountains, the relief is varied - there are mid-mountain, high-mountain, low-mountain, areas of intermountain basins and ancient plains. Low mountains from an elevation of 500 m smoothly pass to heights of 2000 m. The mountain system was formed at the site of the slope of the ancient plain and glaciers dissected by winds and water. The ridges are fan-shaped from the north west to the south east. The peaks of Altai are flat, less often rounded and flat.
The main forms of relief are carlings and peaks, trough valleys, cirques, lake basins, ridges, moraine hills, screes, landslides, and solifluction formations.
Climate of the Altai Mountains
The mountain system is characterized by a moderate, sharply continental climate with a pronounced contrast between the warm short and long cold seasons of the year. The climate of the Altai Mountains is influenced by the relief. It forms a certain climatic zonation, consisting of a low-mountain climate zone, a mid-mountain climate zone, and a high-mountain climate zone. Also, relief features affect hydration. Moist, sea air comes from the west, which is blocked by the mountains, so more precipitation falls on their western slopes. But on the other side, on the eastern slopes, an arid climate prevails, because humid air practically does not reach here.
Flora and fauna of the Altai Mountains
In the mountains, the vegetation is quite sparse and monotonous, represented by subalpine and alpine meadows, on which columbine, anemone, gentians, gentians, forget-me-nots, poppies, mytnik, and volodushki grow. In the mountain tundra belt you can find low-growing willows and birches, lichens and partridge grass. There is no vegetation on the high mountain ridges.
Among the animals that live here are the corsac fox, manul cat, gazelle antelope, tolai hare, ruffed duck, sajah, bustard, remez, griffon vulture, black vulture, saker falcon, pearl snapper, reindeer,
- In the mountains there is Lake Teletskoye, filled with 40 km 3 of fresh, clean water. It is so transparent here that at a depth of up to 15 m you can see the bottom.
- The Altai Mountains are the cleanest region Russian Federation. In their area there is no railways and industrial enterprises.
- There are 1402 glaciers in the mountains, which cover an area of 910 km2. These are giant reservoirs of fresh water.
- The rivers that flow in the mountains amazingly change their color at different times of the year.
We hope that the report about the Altai Mountains helped you prepare for the lesson. And you can leave your message about the Altai Mountains using the comment form below.
Altai region
Officially. Altai Territory is located in the southeast of Western Siberia, 3419 km from Moscow. Territory 168,000 square km.
Informally. The Altai region is very large and diverse. The topography changes as you move through the area. He seems to be a growing bear, at first quiet and calm, then huge and majestic. This is how steppes and plains grow into foothills and mountains.
Officially. The climate is temperate continental, formed as a result of frequent changes in air masses.
Unofficially. The four seasons have many variations, and come back each year to see a different perspective. You can come in the hot summer, or you can come in the cool and rainy weather. Give me variety! - this is the main rule of Altai weather.
Summer and Altai Mountains
Officially: The Altai Mountains are a complex system of the highest ridges in Siberia, which are separated by deep valleys of mountain rivers and vast basins located inside the mountains.
Informally: The nature of Altai is amazing. Tourists from all over globe rush to these places to enjoy the beautiful views high mountains, mountain rivers, mysterious caves and deserted spaces. Immerse yourself in the tranquility and beauty of these places.
The settlement of the Altai Territory has begun
in the 18th century
Young Russia needed metal to produce weapons and coins. The Ural factory owner Akinfiy Demidov founded the first metallurgical plant in 1729 - Kolyvano-Voskresensky. The depths of Altai were also rich in silver. In 1744, Demidov began producing silver. The result of Akinfiy Demidov’s activities in the Altai region was the establishment of a feudal mining industry based on the serf labor of assigned peasants and artisans.
Event tourism in the Altai region
The creation and development of bright, interesting events in the business, cultural, and sports life of the Altai Territory has become the basis for the development of event tourism in the region. The region annually hosts more than a dozen festivals, forums, and holidays that can attract thousands of tourists from various regions of Russia and from abroad. These are the International Tourism Forum “VISIT ALTAI”, the festival “Blossoming of the Maralnik”, the drinks festival “Altaifest”, the Day of Russia at the “Turquoise Katun”, the festival “Shukshin Days in Altai”, the International Youth Forum of the Asia-Pacific Region, the SCO Forum, the Siberian International Forum on Health and medical tourism, the Altai Wintering holiday and many others.
beauty and health
Officially. Useful flora region has 1184 plant species. The most large group drugs, including about 100 types widely used in official medicine.
Informally. Decoction, herbal teas, berry fruit drinks - this is what everyone who comes to the Altai Territory should try. Spa, health and health centers They use products made from Altai herbs.
Speaking about this mountain kingdom, words from a poem by Vladimir Vysotsky involuntarily come to mind:
"You won't find it below, no matter how hard you reach,
For all my happy life
A tenth of such beauties and wonders."
We will not try to describe them all. To understand, you need to see with your own eyes.
In conclusion, we will quote only lines from another poem by Vladimir Vysotsky, “Farewell to the Mountains.”
"Into the bustle of cities and traffic flows
We're coming back - there's simply nowhere to go!
And we go down from the conquered peaks,
leaving in the mountains, leaving your heart in the mountains.
So leave unnecessary disputes -
I have already proven everything to myself:
The only things better than mountains are mountains -
which I have never been to before."
| Altyn-Tu Mount Altyn-Tu, whose name translated from Altai means " Golden Mountain", is located in the massif of the same name. There are three peaks in the massif. The highest of them is Mount Corumbu - 2358 m, from the top of which a magnificent all-round panorama opens over the entire Altai. |
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| Babyrgan This is a permanent sentry of the Altai Mountains, whose post is located far out on the plain. The mountain rises in the Altai region, on the left bank of the Katun, 14 km west of the village of Platovo. Its absolute height is 1008 m. |
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| Belukha Belukha - the queen of Altai - cannot leave anyone indifferent; she is so beautiful, majestic and graceful that she evokes a storm of feelings and emotions in anyone. |
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| Komsomolskaya Mount Komsomolskaya is located within the city of Gorno-Altaisk and is one of the spurs of the Iolgo ridge. The mountain is unique in its diverse plant species composition; The flora of its northern slope, facing the city and steeply descending to the left bank of the Maima River, is especially rich. |
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| Charming 5 km from the village of Kolyvan and 6 km from the village of "8 March", there is the long-revered Mount Charming. During the archaeological exploration of the Sayano-Altai expedition of the State Hermitage in 1993, a unique sanctuary was discovered on the top of the mountain. |
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| Cyanosis The majestic peak of Mount Sinyuhi in the vicinity of the village rises to a height of more than a thousand meters. Kolyvan. These places have long attracted travelers. From the top of the mountain a beautiful panorama with rare natural contrasts opens up: on the one hand, the endless Kulunda steppe, on the other, the snow-covered mountain peaks of Altai. |
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| Mountains of the Gorny Charysh region Mount Big Monastery. Located in the Charysh valley near the village of Ust-Pustynka (Krasnoshchekovsky district of the Altai Territory). The rock-remnant is about 100 m high, reminiscent of the building of an ancient monastery, composed of white, gray and pink limestone. |
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The majestic Altai Mountains are a complex system of the highest ridges in Siberia, separated by picturesque river valleys and deep basins. The most beautiful peaks attract travelers and scientists, photographers and pilgrims; many mountains are local shrines.
How mountains were formed
The Altai mountain system was formed over 400 million years ago and recovered from almost complete destruction much later. According to modern theory, the mountain-fold system was formed by the collision of oceanic uplifts with a chain of ancient volcanic islands.
Mountain building continues even now - in 2003, a serious earthquake was observed in Altai (up to 9 points at the epicenter) and subsequent tremors. Southern Mountains Mountain Altai “grows” by almost 2 cm every year. According to geologists, the source of the events is the collision of the Eurasian continent and India; traces of ancient powerful earthquakes were discovered in the south-east of the republic.
Location of Altai mountain ranges
The Altai Mountains are located in the center of Asia and the south of Siberia, their location is a complex system. The powerful complex of Tabyn-Bogdo-Ola (“five divine mountains”) on the border of China, Mongolia and Russia is called the “heart” of Altai. The northern slopes of the mountain cluster are the mountains of Russia, Altai; Knot's peak, 4373 m high, is located in Mongolia.
From the heart" mountainous country the ridges fan out: to the west - Southern Altai, to the southeast - the mighty Mongolian Altai, to the northeast - the low-snow and less high Sailyugem. To the north of the mountain node there are as many as three branches of ridges, separated by the Chuya Basin and the Ukok Plateau, the framework of the republic’s mountain system.
One branch, almost sublatitudinal, includes the South Chuya, Katunsky and Kholzunsky ridges. The second branch runs further north and includes the North Chuisky, Baschelaksky and Terektinsky ridges. The third branch, stretched almost along the meridian, is formed by the Kurai, Aigulak and Sumultinsky ridges. The fan-shaped pattern of the Altai mountains on the map is complicated from the east by the Shapshalsky ridge and the Chulyshman highlands.
The absolute height of the Altai mountain system decreases from southeast to northwest. The highest mountain in Altai, Belukha, crowns the Katunsky Range. The steepness of the northwestern slopes is significant, the southern and southwestern slopes are gentle.
Better than mountains - only mountains
One mention of Altai gives rise to a strong association - amazing views of snow-capped peaks stretching to the horizon. Below, the poet Vysotsky believed, one cannot find even a small fraction of such beauties as in the mountains. “And we descend from the conquered peaks, leaving our hearts in the mountains,” repeat the words from the song of thousands of travelers fearlessly storming the mountains.
“Pearl of Belukha” - the highest mountain in Altai
In the Ust-Koksky region there is the highest point of Altai (4506 m) - the two-headed Belukha Mountain. There are countless legends about the “crown of the Altai king”; the bewitching beauty and mystery of the shining peak is glorified by the philosopher Roerich, writers and artists. From June to mid-September, pilgrims and tourists persistently strive to reach the mountain along the paths of the Uimon Valley; participants of snowmobile tours visit the foot of the shrine even in winter.
The first ascent of the inaccessible mountain in 1914 was made by explorers of the region - the Tronov brothers. The climb is still difficult - the climate here is harsh, cold piercing winds blow, the rocks are covered with thin ice almost all year round. Belukha is surrounded on all sides by glaciers. The most difficult climb is from the north, from the Akkem wall, which is between the eastern and western peaks.
Tourists who have conquered the peak of the Katunsky Ridge experience amazing impressions - “the best revelations in life,” according to happy extreme sports enthusiasts. Geologist Pyotr Chikhachev wrote that at the top he trembled with delight - in the surrounding beauty he saw a living God “with all his power.” Such is the amazing Altai - maximum height the queen of the mountain and the emotions here are as intense as possible.
Mount Altyn-Tuu
The height of the Altai mountain system varies in different regions; there are many other high mountains - Delone (4260 m), Aktru (4044 m), Ak-oyuk (3860 m) and others. There are also special sacred mountains that do not differ in height. On Mount Altyn-Tuu, the Altaians believe, the first man on Earth was created by the Supreme Spirits.
Located sacred mountain near Lake Teletskoye, its height is 2298 m. The steep slopes of the mountain are almost inaccessible in places. The rocks are partially covered with bushes, some are bare and steep.
Tourists climb from south coast lakes and from the Great Chile River. The difficult climb is rewarded with amazing panoramas from the top of the Golden Mountain.
“The Permanent Sentinel” - Mount Bobyrgan
Tourists traveling along the Chuya Tract begin their acquaintance with the Altai Mountains by visiting the mountain. The top of the Seminsky ridge (1009 m) with good visibility is already noticeable from Biysk, and on the border of the Altai Republic the head of a warrior-sentinel can be seen in the outline of the mountain. Many legends are associated with the peak; the mountain is revered by the Altai people as sacred.
Some phenomena observed in the mountain area seem anomalous and attract ufologists. The curiosity of tourists increases immensely here, and among the wonders of natural architecture, visitors imagine a ghost town or an ancient fortress. The climb usually lasts about two hours and is not particularly difficult.
The visibility of the summit suggests local residents weather. If the peak is visible clearly, the weather is good; if visibility is hampered by haze or clouds, it could be bad weather.
Another sacred mountain of the Altai Territory, Sinyukha (1210 m), which appears blue due to the dense forest, is also popular with tourists.
Mount Komsomolskaya
The uniqueness of the spur of the Iolgo ridge within Gorno-Altaisk is due to the amazing richness of vegetation. The northern slope of the mountain, facing the city, is occupied by a wonderful birch forest; there are also fir and pine trees, larch and spruce trees.
The bushes are surprising in their diversity: there are elderberry, currant, rowan, bird cherry, acacia and many others. It is difficult to even list the types of herbs found here, including medicinal ones.
"Golden Mountains of Altai"
This name, at the initiative of UNESCO, appeared in 1998 in the list of Objects World Heritage. A section of the Altai Mountains on the territory of the republic is protected by the state; these are the Katunsky and Altai nature reserves, as well as the Ukok plateau.
The uniqueness of the territory is the presence of different zones of alpine vegetation and rare animals. Among them are snow leopards, Siberian mountain goats, and Altai argali.
The World Conservation Union expresses alarm that poaching has not yet been stopped here. The thirst for entertainment and profit for some human individuals turns out to be more valuable than common sense and respect for nature.
Environmentalists are concerned about plans to build gas pipelines and a high-speed route to China through protected areas.
Conclusion
The tourist attractiveness of Gorny Altai is due not only to its magnificent mountain peaks. Wild picturesque valleys and mysterious plateaus, spectacular waterfalls on wild rivers and fabulous lakes are the untold riches of the Siberian treasury and at the same time tourist attractions.
“The Cradle of the Universe” - Altai has a rich history. Countless cave drawings, ancient caves and human sites have long turned the republic into a large museum.
A fascinating journey through the Mountain Region and conquering snow-capped peaks will remain in your memory for a long time. Having visited the mountains once, you will answer their call again!
