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The Graduate School of Urbanism invites you to the next meeting of the Transport Lecture, which will take place in Thursday, May 31 at 20:00 in a buiding Riga station. Pavel Chistyakov, vice-president will give a lecture on the topic “How to improve transport accessibility and improve the quality transport infrastructure in Russia?".
In his lecture, Pavel Aleksandrovich will talk about the report"Integrated Transport System" , which was prepared under his leadership by the Center for Strategic Research in collaboration with the Center for Infrastructure Economics.
According to the World Economic Forum, Russia ranks 64th out of 144 possible countries in terms of the quality of transport infrastructure. And in terms of the quality of roads - 123rd place. According to the authors of the study, this is due to the fact that due to high capital intensity, complexity of regulation and ambiguity of development goals, domestic transport infrastructure fell out of government priorities for a long time.
The Russian transport system has become one of the constraints on the development of the country's economy and human capital. Even on significant and promising projects, the state does not make decisions for years, preserving the project at a preliminary stage and thereby worsening the investment climate in the industry. The situation is further complicated by the fact that there is no reliable statistics, characterizing the need of the population and business for transport infrastructure.
Nevertheless, according to the authors of the report, a qualitative transformation of the Russian transport system is possible in the next 5 years. To do this, its development model must meet modern social, environmental and technological challenges and contribute as much as possible to the development of related industries. The transport system can and should become a driver of economic growth until 2035.
The CSR report “Integrated Transport System” presents ways to solve three key problems of the Russian transport complex: technological backwardness, underinvestment and insufficiently effective government regulation.
How to increase the accessibility of the country's territories? How to bring city and countryside, western and eastern regions, home and work, Russia and its trading partners closer to each other?
To accelerate the pace of economic growth and its decentralization, to involve small towns and villages in the zone of influence of agglomerations, special efforts should be concentrated on the development of the supporting framework of transport infrastructure, regional and local aviation, digitalization of transport infrastructure and development transport systems settlements.
The report “Integrated Transport System” proposes a set of programs and projects for the development of the transport network that will significantly affect the transport accessibility of the country. Pavel Alexandrovich will talk about this in detail in his speech. You can view the materials of the report link .
.jpg) | Pavel Chistyakov Graduated from the Faculty of Geography of Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov. In 2004-2009 he was studying scientific activities at Moscow University, from 2009 to 2011. was the leading expert of the Foundation"Center for Strategic Research" , then headed the department for interaction with the regions of the Center for Social Development. Currently, P.A. Chistyakov is vice presidentCenter for Infrastructure Economics . His specialization is regional policy, strategic planning of socio-economic development of regions and cities, as well as modeling of socio-economic and budgetary effects from infrastructure development. |
Reconstruction of Putilkovskoye Highway will begin in January 2019. The Minister of Transport and Road Infrastructure of the region, Igor Treskov, reported this to the Governor of the Moscow Region Andrei Vorobyov during the working trip of the head of the Moscow region to the Krasnogorsk urban district.
The length of the reconstructed facility is 1.7 kilometers. On this moment Design and survey work has begun. The road was officially transferred from municipal ownership to the balance of the regional government. The cost of the work will be 2.5 billion rubles. The reconstruction is planned to be completed in 2021.
“We commissioned the design of the reconstruction and expansion of the Putilkovskoe highway in the corresponding area. And in January-February we should start construction, prepare the territory and expand this road within 18-20 months,” said Andrey Vorobyov.
Photo source: press service of the governor and government of the Moscow Region During the reconstruction, the number of traffic lanes will be increased to four. The expansion of the roadway and the creation of new road infrastructure will significantly increase the capacity of the route and improve the transport situation in the urban district.
Photo source: TV channel “360” In the village of Putilkovo, the construction of a new school “Mosaic” has been completed. It is designed for 1,510 seats. Governor of the Moscow region Andrei Vorobyov appreciated the quality of the work.
3. Tasks aimed at achieving goal 3
"Ensuring accessibility and quality of transport services
for the population in accordance with social standards"
In order to ensure accessibility and quality of transport services for the population in accordance with social standards, it is planned to solve the following main tasks:
Planning the development of passenger transport systems and rolling stock based on the forecast of socio-economic development and transport and economic balance;
Development of express and high-speed railways passenger transportation;
Development of passenger transportation on socially significant routes;
Development and implementation of social transport standards;
Formation of an economic and legal model of a competitive market for affordable and high-quality transport services for the population. Improving access to commercial activities in the field of passenger transportation;
Development of regional air transportation;
Development of urban, suburban passenger transport and transport systems local significance(rural);
Creation of intelligent transport systems to improve the quality of passenger transportation using modern information and telecommunication technologies and the GLONASS global navigation system, as well as control technologies vehicles and streams;
Development of multimodal passenger transportation in regional, interregional and international traffic.
Solving the problem of planning the development of passenger transport systems and rolling stock based on the forecast of socio-economic development and transport and economic balance provides for:
Determination, based on the forecast of socio-economic development and transport-economic balance, of the optimal need for fleets of passenger rolling stock for the implementation by transport enterprises of highly efficient economically sound transport technologies that provide the required volume and quality of transport services in the field of passenger transportation, as well as the implementation of a unified transport policy in the field planning and management of passenger transport;
Motivating transport enterprises to develop, including updating (reducing age), fleets of passenger rolling stock (passenger cars, public vehicles, river cruise and passenger ships, sea vessels under Russian flag, aircraft), ensuring competitive lending schemes for updating vehicle fleets, as well as promoting the development of a fleet of passenger rolling stock that is not inferior in technical and economic parameters to world analogues.
On railway transport- massive renewal of the passenger rolling stock fleet with the replacement of obsolete cars and electric trains with modern ones;
In maritime transport - construction of passenger ships, including cruise and sea passenger terminals;
In inland water transport - construction of passenger ships (including for regional transport) and cruise ships;
Air transport - procurement passenger aircraft and acquisition incentives aircraft Russian production.
Solving this problem will make it possible to improve the parameters of passenger vehicle fleets, plan the volume of their development, and improve the quality and safety of passenger service.
Solving the problem of developing high-speed and high-speed rail passenger transportation involves:
Expanding areas of accessibility for the population of high-speed and high-speed intercity passenger transportation;
Development of suburban high-speed passenger transportation, including intermodal transportation, to provide connections between the airport and the city.
The implementation of these measures is ensured through the development of high-speed rail passenger transportation in long distance and express transportation in suburban traffic, the creation of high-speed dedicated lines, as well as the separation of freight and passenger traffic in certain directions.
The development of high-speed and high-speed rail transportation will improve the quality of life of the population in the country, expand the radius of socio-economic activity around cities, increase transport accessibility of economic centers, create conditions for the development of high-tech industries, create new jobs and provide access to qualified labor.
Solving the problem of developing passenger transportation on socially significant routes involves:
Providing passenger transportation on socially significant routes, including their affordability, including in the Far North, the Kaliningrad region, the Far East and Transbaikalia;
Providing transportation for preferential categories of passengers and providing transport services at tariffs set below the economically justified level;
Providing domestic passenger transportation by water transport in hard-to-reach northern and eastern regions, where it is the only alternative and life-sustaining;
The implementation of these measures is ensured through the following activities:
In railway transport - improving state regulation and forms of state support in the implementation of socially significant transportation;
In maritime and inland water transport - improving state regulation and forms of state support in the implementation of socially significant transportation, building a passenger fleet and developing coastal infrastructure to serve passengers;
In air transport - improving state regulation and forms of state support in the implementation of socially significant transportation.
Solving this problem will make it possible to ensure the availability of transport services for categories of the population in need of social support, as well as to ensure socially significant transport connections in remote and hard-to-reach areas, including in the regions of the North, Siberia and the Far East, as well as in similar areas.
Solving the problem of developing and implementing social transport standards involves:
Development of a financial, economic and calculation model of social transport standards;
Development and implementation of a program for the implementation of social transport standards, first at a minimum level, and then in accordance with the program for their development on a progressive scale;
Creating an accessible transport environment for people with disabilities and other low-mobility groups;
Modernization of rolling stock fleets of public automobile and urban ground electric transport for the transportation of people with limited mobility;
Creating connections between urban agglomerations using road and rail, high-speed and high-speed transport;
Increasing the accessibility of air transportation for the population (development of aviation mobility).
Solving this problem will make it possible to ensure the availability and quality of passenger transport services for all categories of the population, as well as create conditions for increasing the level of these services on a progressive scale. Social transport standards will become one of the guidelines in accordance with which the development of transport infrastructure and transport services for the population will be carried out.
Solving the problem of forming an economic and legal model of a competitive market for affordable and high-quality transport services for the population, as well as improving access to commercial activities in the field of passenger transportation, involves:
Development of an economic and legal model of the market for competitive transport services in the field of passenger transportation and the creation of an effective mechanism for state control of the real level of competition and regulation of the market for transport services for the transportation of passengers;
Improving state regulation of the activities of natural monopolies in the field of passenger rail transportation and airport activities;
Development of a system for regulating tariffs on passenger road transport, improving the system for providing funds to the budgets of constituent entities Russian Federation on expenses to ensure equal availability of public road transport services to the population, as well as improving mechanisms for compensating for lost income when regulating tariffs for passenger transportation;
Improving the rules for admission to commercial activities in the field of passenger transportation and access control mechanisms;
Improving the mechanism for compensating losses in income from the implementation of state tariff regulation in the field of passenger transportation by rail and socially significant transportation by other modes of transport;
Improving a set of measures of state support for the development of regional aviation based on the interaction of federal, regional and municipal authorities;
State support for the development of river passenger transportation based on compensatory measures and effective interaction between federal, regional and municipal authorities;
Improving the legal support for effective competition among carriers on route network public transport;
Limiting unproductive competition based on reducing transportation costs to the detriment of safety and quality of transport services;
Motivating the modernization of transport systems in order to introduce innovative transport technologies for transporting passengers, thereby increasing the availability and quality of transport services for the population.
The implementation of these measures is ensured through the following activities:
In railway transport - improving the quality of passenger transportation and improving tariff regulation;
In road transport - improving tariff regulation and state support for the development of passenger transportation;
In air transport - improving tariff regulation and state support for the development of passenger transportation.
Solving this problem will make it possible to form a system of state regulation of the competitive market of high-quality transport services in the field of passenger transportation. It is envisaged to create an effective competitive environment and requirements for market participants that will make it economically feasible for them to sustainably increase the availability, quality and safety of passenger transportation. Along with this, conditions will be created to ensure the sustainable implementation and development of types of passenger transportation, the significance of which for society is undeniable.
Solving the problem of developing regional air transportation involves:
Development of regional air transportation infrastructure;
Improving the structure of aviation routes.
The implementation of these measures is ensured by improving state regulation of activities in the field of passenger transportation at the federal and regional levels.
Solving this problem will make it possible to increase the accessibility of air transport services for the majority of the country's population and create additional direct transport links between and within regions.
Solving the problem of developing systems of urban, suburban passenger transport and local (rural) transport provides for:
Carrying out a set of measures aimed at increasing the speed of public transport and reducing the average time of transport accessibility in urban agglomerations (travel time for commuter migration of the population on transport);
Increasing the ergonomic attractiveness (comfort) of public transport rolling stock for the population;
Development of technologies and organizational measures aimed at increasing the regularity of public transport in urban agglomerations, as well as local (rural) transport;
Development of paved roads in rural areas, providing settlements with a constant year-round connection with the network of public roads;
Increasing the availability, quality and volume of services provided by passenger stations;
State support for the development of programs for the development of urban water transport in major cities with inland waterways.
The implementation of these measures is ensured through the following activities:
In railway transport - strengthening the role of suburban and intracity railway traffic for the needs of the population of agglomerations for transport services;
In urban transport - the development of transport systems that provide high-speed communication using rail transport and buses;
In the road sector - the construction of paved roads in rural areas, providing settlements with a constant year-round connection with the network of public roads;
In maritime transport - construction of transport hubs in seaports;
In inland water transport - construction of transport hubs in river ports, development of intracity and suburban passenger transportation.
Solving this problem will improve the transport situation in cities, especially in large urban agglomerations, reduce the duration of trips, increase their predictability in time, increase the attractiveness of public passenger transport for the population, as well as improve transport services for the population in intermunicipal and intra-district communications.
Solving the problem of creating intelligent transport systems to improve the quality of passenger transportation using modern information and telecommunication technologies and the GLONASS global navigation system, vehicle and flow control technologies provides for:
Equipping the rolling stock of public automobile and urban ground electric transport with modern information and telecommunication systems and the GLONASS global navigation system;
Equipping the road network in cities, as well as the main outbound federal highways and adjacent highways of regional and municipal importance, with technical means of organizing traffic and systems for collecting information about traffic flows, connected to intelligent transport systems that provide ground control public transport;
Development of intelligent transport systems that ensure the management of ground public transport - expanding controlled traffic zones and increasing management efficiency, increasing the speed and rhythm, stability of public transport with minimal interference to other traffic participants;
Development of information systems for passengers and traffic participants, as well as the creation of traffic demand management systems in urban agglomerations.
Solving the problem of creating intelligent transport systems in the field of passenger transportation will make it possible to increase the efficiency of public transport in conditions of limited infrastructure capacity and fluctuations in the load of the road network, increase the sustainability of its operation and attractiveness for the population compared to a personal car, and also reduce it due to this loads the road network.
Solving the problem of developing multimodal passenger transportation in regional, interregional and international traffic involves:
Development of hub technologies for passenger transportation;
Stimulating the development of information services and related services passengers on multimodal transport;
Formation of a network of multimodal social transportation.
The implementation of these measures is ensured through the following activities:
In railway transport - implementation of projects to increase the integration of long-distance, suburban and intracity rail transportation, modernization railway stations and stations with the creation of transport hubs on their infrastructure, the development of railway connections with the largest airports in the country;
In air transport - development of hub technologies and improvement of passenger service technologies;
In the transport complex - the creation and development of multimodal transport hubs, the introduction of a universal multimodal ticket for domestic traffic, including in electronic form, as well as for international traffic.
Solving this problem will improve the quality of transport services for the population in terms of ease of use of several modes of transport, reducing time and physical costs during transfers, optimizing multimodal travel routes, as well as ensuring additional effective demand for transportation for transport enterprises participating in effective chains of multimodal passenger transportation .
An important set of measures to improve the availability and quality of transport services in the field of passenger transportation as part of achieving Goal 3 is preparation for the 2018 FIFA World Cup. This set of measures includes:
Updating fleets of passenger rolling stock of transport - passenger cars, public vehicles providing transport services for the World Cup, increasing the ergonomic attractiveness (comfort) of rolling stock of public transport for passengers, including modernization of rolling stock of automobile and urban ground electric transport general use for transporting people with limited mobility;
In urban transport - the development of public transport systems that provide high-speed communication using rail transport and buses, the development of suburban high-speed passenger transportation, including intermodal transportation, for communication between the airport and the city, as well as such long-distance and suburban transportation message;
Increasing the speed of public transport, reducing the average time of transport accessibility of competition venues, as well as increasing the regularity of public transport;
Improving the legal support for effective competition among carriers on the public transport route network;
Improving the quality and volume of services provided by train stations and airports (including using hub technologies for passenger transportation), as well as the construction of new transport hubs;
Equipping the road network in the cities participating in the competition, the main outbound federal highways and adjacent highways of regional and municipal importance with technical means of organizing traffic and systems for collecting information about traffic flows, connected to ITS, ensuring the management of public ground transport, expanding zones controlled movement and increased management efficiency, as well as increased speed and rhythm, stability of public transport with minimal interference to other traffic participants;
Equipping the rolling stock of public automobile and urban ground electric transport with modern information, telecommunications and global navigation systems (GLONASS);
Creation of unified electronic systems for selling tickets and paying for travel on several types of transport;
Development of information systems for passengers and traffic participants in cities taking part in competitions.
The main measures to solve problems within the framework of achieving Goal 3 are given in Appendix No. 4 to the Transport Strategy.
Bulletin of Omsk University. Series "Economics". 2012. No. 1. S. 40-46.
INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE PROCESS OF FORMING AN ACCESSIBLE TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE REGIONS
INCREASE OF EFFICIENCY OF PROCESS OF FORMATION OF AN ACCESSIBLE TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE IN REGIONS
K.E. Safronov K.E. Safronov
Siberian State Automobile and Highway Academy (SibADI)
A program-targeted approach to the formation of a barrier-free environment for people with limited mobility in the regional aspect is presented. The formation of an accessible environment is considered as an intensive way of economic development and an effective way of investing. It is proposed to study this problem comprehensively in the system “housing - environment - transport - service facilities” and solve it using modern project management methods.
In article the program-target approach to the formation of the accessible environment for people with the limited possibilities in regional aspect is considered environments. Availability - the public blessing, which utility is especially effectively shown on a labor market and in the social sphere. Formation of the accessible environment is an intensive way of development of economy and an effective way of an investment of investments. The “habitation -environment - transport - objects of service” is expedient to consider the given problem in a complex in system and to solve modern methods of management of the projects.
Key words: barrier-free environment, transport accessibility, people with limited mobility, project management, investments, economic efficiency.
Key words: accessible environment, transport availability, people with limited possibilities, project management, investments, economic efficiency.
Recently, more and more attention has been paid to the accessibility of the living environment for people with limited mobility (LPGs). In our country, the implementation of the state program “Accessible Environment” for 2011-2015 has begun, the goal of which is to create by 2015 conditions for ensuring equal access for people with disabilities, on an equal basis with others, to the physical environment, transport, information and communications, as well as facilities and services open or provided to the public. The total amount of funding for the program for 2011-2015. will amount to 46.9 billion rubles, including 26.9 billion rubles. from the federal budget, 19.7 billion rubles.
It is necessary to attract 269.3 million rubles from the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, from extra-budgetary sources. . The main condition for the implementation of departmental and regional targeted programs is the organization and conduct of their competitive selection. The amount of funds from the budget of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation must be at least 50% of the amount of funds provided for these purposes at the expense of the federal budget.
The infrastructure of most regions of our country is not adapted for living, moving and servicing MGN, which include: the visually and hearing impaired, those with impaired musculoskeletal system and their attendants, the elderly, children, pregnant women, as well as people leading an active lifestyle and those who move with baby strollers, with luggage, on bicycles and roller skates, etc. Now, according to the Ministry of Health and Social Development, 13.2 million people with disabilities live in Russia, of which 66% are pensioners and 4% are children. Only 26% of people with disabilities of working age work, 60% of citizens with impaired functions of the musculoskeletal system face barriers when using public transport, 48% experience problems when buying groceries. A third of the population suffers from the inaccessibility of the environment. All civilized countries are on the path of integrating disabled people into society, this is provided for by the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, which has already been signed by 147 countries, including Russia.
© K.E. Safronov, 2012
The needs for the formation of accessible transport infrastructure in our country have been long overdue and are formulated as follows:
People with disabilities and MGN are limited in the exercise of their constitutional rights due to the inaccessibility of the environment;
Restrictions on the living environment for a significant part of the population have negative social and economic consequences for the entire society;
The level of economic development of Russia allows us to direct part of the funds to create a barrier-free environment;
An accessible environment, including transport infrastructure, contributes to the innovative development of the economy.
The resources that the public sector receives by accumulating the revenues of the state and municipal budgets are realized in the form of public expenditures, which is understood as the use of resources in order to meet the needs for public goods and implement social redistribution processes. Sometimes the market mechanism does not allow achieving a pareto-efficient allocation of resources. For a number of reasons, situations may arise, called market failures, in which the market does not cope with its functions, or cannot ensure the production of a good at all, or cannot ensure its production in an efficient volume. It is precisely this inability of the market to provide sufficient
stupidity, despite the adopted laws, can be considered as a basis for state intervention in the economy. There needs to be an understanding of the competitive advantage that accessibility brings in order for this mechanism to work to its full potential.
The main goal of state budget policy is to improve the lives of the population. For its implementation, it is important to concentrate sufficient budget expenditures on priority areas and sectors that can strengthen economic potential and at the same time increase budget revenues. One of the mechanisms for the allocation and redistribution of public goods is program-targeted budget planning. The effectiveness of its implementation depends on the quality of development of the target program. In this regard, research aimed at developing regional programs on the accessibility of the environment and transport infrastructure, determining the volume of financing and socio-economic efficiency of the programs is of particular relevance.
Methodology for creating accessible transport infrastructure. Since 2004, SibADI has been conducting research on organizing transport services for people with disabilities. During this time, a methodology for creating an accessible transport infrastructure (TI) was formed, based on a program-target approach and the Project management method and including an economic assessment of accessibility (Fig.).
1. Identifying TI accessibility problems
2. Transforming problems into goals
3. Development of investment projects for the availability of technical information
Scientific and methodological Financial
Urban planning Transport
Legal Technical
Social Organizational
Economic Information
Investment Environmental
4. TI accessibility audit
Odds
accessibility
6. Development of a target program; 5. Justification of support costs
Examination and approval of TI availability
7. Preparation of tender documentation 8. Implementation of investment projects
Conducting competitions on accessibility of technical information
10. Evaluating the effectiveness of the investment; 9. Forming a project team;
on-line projects on accessibility of TI Control; Control
Methodology for creating accessible transport infrastructure
Let us consider individual points of this methodology in the context of developing regional accessibility programs.
1. The development of regional and municipal accessibility programs begins with identifying problems. The tools here are sociological surveys, field surveys (audits) and analysis of the impact of accessibility on the social and economic development of society. Identification of problems of transport accessibility is carried out on the basis of an analysis of the process of movement of people with disabilities. Such movements are carried out in the environment of life: "housing - environment - transport infrastructure - objects of gravity", which includes individual elements of service systems. Each element of the system has a set of indicators characterizing its accessibility: slopes, dimensions, dimensions, distances, time, safety, cost, efficiency. In most cases, a transport service system of a certain level (municipal, regional, federal) is involved. The degree of fulfillment of the needs of the MGN depends on the state of its availability. Transport infrastructure accessibility analysis major cities The Russian Federation has identified problems that require solutions.
Scientific and methodological problems are associated with the lack of a methodology for creating an accessible transport infrastructure and evaluating its effectiveness. Insufficient attention is paid to scientific research and training. Accessibility measures are not always taken into account at the infrastructure design stage, which increases costs and reduces their effectiveness.
Urban planning problems are associated with the fact that housing, the urban environment, transport and social infrastructure are not suitable for the movement of MGN. All this takes a lot of time, effort and money to travel, leads to excessive vehicle travel, overload of the road network and environmental deterioration. Sections of urban planning documentation on accessibility are formal in nature and are not always implemented, due to the novelty of the topic and the lack of a personnel training system.
Legal problems in many regions are associated with gaps in legislative and regulatory framework and lack of accessibility expertise. Transport infrastructure facilities are often delivered with violations of accessibility requirements.
Social problems. Disability is not an attribute of the person himself; inaccessibility to transport forms the social-environmental component of disability and leads to technological discrimination against people with disabilities. This also includes medical and educational problems: the former are associated with difficulties in the rehabilitation of disabled people, the latter with their education and integration into society.
Economic problems. The inaccessibility of transport infrastructure for people with disabilities and people with disabilities causes significant economic damage associated with numerous negative factors. The inaccessibility of a business significantly affects its traffic and profitability. Low mobility generates unemployment and poverty among disabled people, and for the state - an increase in social spending. Lack of affordability holds back consumer spending, which impacts the economy. This problem concerns not only people with disabilities and their families, but also the economic and social development of the entire society, where human potential remains unclaimed, which ultimately affects GDP growth.
Investment problems. To obtain a reliable assessment of the effectiveness of investments in the development of the transport complex, it is necessary to take into account the accessibility factor. There is no mechanism for stimulating state and non-state structures to intensify activities in terms of ensuring conditions of accessibility of social and transport infrastructure for people with disabilities and people with limited mobility.
Funding problems. The lack and irregularity of funding leads to the fact that work on the construction and reconstruction of transport (social, engineering) infrastructure is carried out in a limited time frame and with low quality. Practice shows that the main criterion for competitive selection - the low offered price - negatively affects the quality and range of consumer properties of the final product.
Transport problems are associated with the lack of an established system of transport services for people with disabilities. The forms of transport services are considered: individual transport, pedestrian traffic, social taxi, urban and non-urban passenger transport, the functioning of specialized routes.
Technical problems are due to the lagging behind the rehabilitation industry. There are no standard solutions to access issues
quality of social and transport infrastructure facilities, rolling stock. Innovative technologies are slowly being introduced into the process of passenger transportation.
Organizational problems are associated with the absence in most regions of a management system for the formation of accessible transport infrastructure. When addressing accessibility issues, project management methods are not used, and the operational activities of administrative structures are not focused on solving complex problems. In addition, due to the novelty of the topic, such structures have not yet been created.
Information problems are associated with the lack of a database on the accessibility of transport infrastructure; there is no register of wheelchair users. There are no indicators in the statistical accounting system that reflect the availability of housing, social and transport infrastructure for MGN. A system of objective criteria and methods for conducting an audit of accessibility for disabled people of buildings and structures, means of transport, communications and information, relevant design and technical documentation, instructions and procedures for its implementation has not been developed.
Environmental problems are associated with excessive transport mileage, outdated rolling stock, overload of the road network and an increase in harmful emissions caused by the underdevelopment and inaccessibility of pedestrian and transport routes messages.
2. These problems using project management methods are transformed into goals and objectives and are solved at the modern scientific level using domestic and foreign experience. Approaches to solving these problems include:
Development of a new scientific direction “the economy of accessibility”, which studies the impact of accessibility on economic development;
Implementation of the entire range of measures to create a barrier-free environment, including personnel training, the use of the principles of universal design and accessibility sections in urban planning documentation;
Improving the regulatory and legislative framework at the federal, regional and municipal levels;
Providing disabled people with equal access to prestigious values in a given society: to receive educational, medical, social and other social services, decent work;
Determination of damage from the inaccessibility of transport infrastructure and justification of costs for accessibility measures;
Development of investment projects using the public-private partnership mechanism and assessment of their socio-economic effectiveness;
Determining measures to motivate and stimulate the implementation of accessibility measures, creating a mechanism for their sustainable financing;
Increasing the mobility of the population by organizing transport services for people with disabilities and disabled people with a choice of forms of mobility aid, work on adapting the route network and rolling stock;
Development of the production base for means of accessibility and rehabilitation, modernization of the rolling stock of passenger transport;
Organization of databases on the accessibility of transport infrastructure facilities for MGN;
Formation of an effective system for managing the development of transport infrastructure, taking into account accessibility;
Increasing the accessibility of the pedestrian and transport network, which will reduce vehicle over-mileage, relieve congestion on the road network and reduce the amount of harmful emissions;
Using an integrated approach to the rehabilitation of disabled people, which consists of three components: medical, social and labor areas.
Currently, rehabilitation is considered not only as a system of measures in specific areas, but also as a process of changes in the condition of a disabled person. The most promising way to integrate people with disabilities into society is social rehabilitation, which is usually considered through sociocultural inclusion and an independent lifestyle, in which a barrier-free environment and accessible transport play an important role.
3. A barrier-free environment is a public good that improves the quality of life of the entire population. According to functional classification budget expenditures state accessibility refers to spending on social policy, transport, roads, communications and informatics and is an expenditure obligation of the state. The development of investment projects on accessibility has a number of features. The obligation to create favorable conditions for people with disabilities applies to organizations, regardless of ownership, so they can be initiated by investors who want to improve
improve the accessibility of your business. In any case, the development of accessibility projects begins with an assessment of the existing accessibility situation.
4. SibADI has developed a universal
a methodology for auditing the availability of various objects, which includes: selecting an object for verification, selecting the composition of the commission, compiling a list of regulatory requirements, checking their compliance and developing measures to eliminate them. We have developed a system of coefficients that reflect the availability of various elements of the living environment for people with limited mobility: 0
Accessibility is not required; 0.1... 1 - not available; 1,1__2 - accessible from outside
power; 2.1.3 - available independently. The advantage of such a system lies in the transition from expert assessments to specific indicators that allow for analysis, systematization and improvement of accessibility. These criteria can be used in a statistical accounting system.
5. In many regions, targeted programs are already being implemented to create a barrier-free environment, adopted on the basis of the Federal Target Program "Social Support for the Disabled for 2006-2010". Their analysis showed a wide range of funding volumes. It is possible to assess the financial capabilities of the regions in financing targeted programs based on their cost in relation to the GRP of the region and per 1 inhabitant. The fluctuations are significant: from
0,02 % (Samara Region) up to 2.12% (Lipetsk region). In terms of specific indicators, the values also vary: 3495.3 rubles. per 1 resident (Moscow) and 2025.6 rubles. (Omsk region).
Difficulties in developing regional and municipal target programs based on the State Enterprise “Accessible Environment” for 2011-2015. are financial and technical in nature. Despite the fact that this procedure is prescribed by federal legislation, in some regions there are still no regional regulations defining the procedure for the development and adoption of targeted programs.
6. In the Omsk region, a long-term target program “Accessible Environment” has been developed for 2011-2015. with a financing volume of 2.4 billion rubles. The program’s activities are aimed at creating accessibility to social, engineering and transport infrastructure for people with disabilities, which will help overcome the self-isolation of people with disabilities, increase their individual mobility and social activity, and create conditions
to lead an independent lifestyle. The program's activities are developed on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of the situation of people with disabilities in the Omsk region, identification of existing restrictions and barriers that impede the accessibility of the living environment for people with disabilities, and their impact on the socio-economic development of the Omsk region. The program-target method will allow for more efficient use of financial resources, concentrating them on solving priority tasks, and providing a comprehensive solution to the problems identified by this program.
Within the framework of the direction “Ensuring unimpeded access for people with disabilities to social, engineering and transport infrastructure”, measures will be taken to introduce the principles of universal design, primarily at the main objects of social infrastructure, adapting buildings, premises, and adjacent areas for people with disabilities. This will create conditions that ensure specified categories the population has equal opportunities with all citizens to use social, engineering and transport infrastructure, which will increase the level of their individual mobility with the highest possible degree of independence.
7. The package of competitive documentation is formed on the basis of the adopted program. The customer of the regional program is the Government of the Omsk Region, the coordinating executive is the Ministry of Labor and Social Development of the Omsk Region, contractors are determined through a competitive selection procedure. There are certain risks here that need to be foreseen in advance, for example, failure to fulfill the contract on time, poor quality of work, etc. A tool for minimizing them can be competitive selection criteria. In them, in addition to mandatory requirements, it is advisable to lay down certain guarantees on the part of contractors. The customer, in turn, is obliged to provide financing in a timely manner.
8. The implementation of accessibility requirements is carried out by methods of new construction or reconstruction of existing facilities, through the acquisition of adapted rolling stock and equipment. At the same time, all solutions must be simple, recognizable, high-quality, durable, reliable and made in the same style, which must be developed. In this regard, the tasks
should include a scientific component - this is a study of accessibility problems, which may include the development of accessibility criteria and measures to ensure them, training of specialists in barrier-free environments, participation in the development of projects, technologies, selection of materials, decorative elements, architectural elements, color schemes, fonts, sound, taking into account the principles of universal design, etc.
9. Even if a target program is developed and adopted, its high-quality implementation requires great effort from its customer-coordinator (directorate). Abroad, Project management technology is used for these purposes and a project team is formed. Typically, a major program is a series of related projects that are managed in a coordinated manner to achieve benefits and controllability not available when managed individually. Project management technology involves an analysis phase, including identifying participants, their key problems, obstacles and opportunities, clarifying cause-and-effect relationships, developing goals, identifying various strategies to achieve the goal, identifying overall goals and project goals. At the planning phase, the structure of the project is determined, its internal logic is checked, as well as the formulation of goals and results in measurable quantities, an approximate assessment of resources, the sequence and dependence of actions, duration and distribution of responsibilities are determined. In a market economy, any program or project is associated with investments and expected income. The team implementing the project is interested in its maximum efficiency.
The most important element of the quality implementation of accessibility measures should be control by public disabled organizations, authorities and local self-government. The involvement of people with disabilities as expert users allows you to activate the process of creating a barrier-free environment and avoid mistakes. It often happens that accessibility measures are provided for in the project, but are missed in the process of its implementation, or they do not meet the needs of people with limited mobility. In Moscow, for example, departments for a barrier-free environment have been created in the social security authorities, which carry out an examination of ready-made facilities for accessibility and where social
approval of projects, starting with the design assignment.
Due to the fact that investments in a comprehensive reconstruction to ensure accessibility are investments in real assets: in the development of land plots and territories, the construction and reconstruction of directly residential buildings, cultural and community services and transport infrastructure, it is difficult to calculate the social and economic effect of the program . In economic science, there are areas devoted to the national economy, production, management, ecology, individual industries and sectors of industry. Techniques have been developed to determine the effectiveness of reducing harmful emissions, from switching to innovative farming methods, from the introduction of advanced technologies, etc. However, there is no section that would study the processes associated with the effectiveness of the formation of a barrier-free environment and assessing their impact on the economy countries. Disabled people are one of the most unprotected categories of citizens due not only to their social status, but also disabilities. Nevertheless, fighting for their rights, they improve the quality of life, making the living environment not only accessible, but also comfortable for the entire population. Positive effect is intensifying many times over in all sectors of the national economy.
Many advanced economies are already reaping the benefits of well-designed market strategies that target older tourists and people with disabilities. Research shows that the market created by older people is just waiting to be discovered. Annual revenue for the U.S. restaurant and hospitality industry grew 12 percent due to the implementation of standards mandated by the Americans with Disabilities Act passed in 1990. People with disabilities also represent a rich source of untapped potential for job creation. The economic consequences of unemployment are expressed primarily in the loss of part of the gross national product (GNP). American researcher A. Okun calculated that every percentage point above the unemployment rate reduces GNP by 2.5%. In our country, it has been calculated that a 1% increase in the number of working disabled people will increase revenues to the consolidated budget (including the Pension budget).
of the Russian Federation) by 1.5 billion rubles. In Europe and North America The tourism market for people with disabilities and their companions is growing rapidly and is worth billions of dollars. In Russia, for example, the implementation of the project “Sochi - a hospitable city”, taking into account accessibility for people with limited mobility, will allow not only to host the Paralympic Games in 2014, but also to further use the accessible infrastructure of the city for millions of vacationers, which will lead to the development of tourism-related industries and the service sector, employment and economic development of the entire region.
The significance of a barrier-free environment, taking into account financial and economic efficiency, lies in: improving the quality of life of the entire population, reducing periods of temporary disability, increasing the value of territories, reducing street injuries, organizing pedestrian and cycling traffic, increasing mobility and improving public health, increasing employment of people with limited mobility, increasing the quality of transport services, the integration of people with disabilities into society, an increase in budget revenues, an increase in the cultural level, an increase in consumer spending, an increase in the income of businesses and commercial structures; ultimately, accessibility leads to the growth of the regional economy.
The use of these approaches will help improve the efficiency of the process of creating accessibility and will improve the quality of life of the entire population to the level of international standards. The implementation of the state program “Accessible Environment” throughout the country using new project management technologies is, of course, an innovative way of economic development.
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