Suk-Koba, translated from the Crimean-Tatar "Cold Cave", (CN 443-19) - Cave in the Crimea in the lower plateau of the Chatyr-Daga in the form of a tunnel of 210 meters long. 7 halls height up to 25 meters. The temperature in it is not more than + 8 ° C.
Description
Small failed funnel in Eastern board. High arches entrance, accusing the greenery of foliage. A long, inclined corridor, littered limestone blocks, leads to the enfilade of high halls with dome-shaped arches laid down on oblique tectonic cracks, cutting limestone. Then follows the descent on the natural steps of the base baths and the inconspicuous turn back to the input. The excursion ends in a small room with a floor covered with wet clay. It is located on 43 m. Below input levels. Unfortunately, now all the foreign wealth of the cave is covered with a thick layer of fat soot, on which the gray hats of mold fungus were formed ... the stalactites are broken, names are carved on the studio columns. Brown and small lake. But even now the cave is striking the greatness of the halls, the height of which reaches in some places 25 m..
In the cave there are modern drawings: men, sun, deer. On the side of a huge dome-shaped Nate, a whole plot depicts: warriors under the auspices of a deer-sun, entered into the fight against the green star, their women pray for a prosperous outcome. In the 90s, the film was filmed in the cave, this picture was drawn by students-historians for filming the Soviet-American fantastic film "Stinger". This is perhaps the only thing that the man will bring a man in Suuk-Kobu.
"It was a real diamond kingdom, where he did not take only the dances of the gnomes and dance of underground spirits. Something is so fantastic that it is impossible to describe, and it is useless to describe ... ", - so the neverthentose dry job traveler XIX. century. Alas, the jewels accumulated by the nature of the century, ruthlessly looted, the cave decoration is mounted in pieces and we remain contemplate the residues of luxury: "Hemp" stalagmites, overturned extension columns and remains of openwork "curtains".
Only in some way in the mysterious half-term cave manage to see the calcite flowers and thin pencils of stalactites. SUU-BOB CORRIDORS REDGED 210 meters, and half of its last hall lies at 40 m. below login.
Surprisingly to be hot summer day in a cave consisting of snow and ice! Tourists who visited there will agree that in these mysterious places there is its microclimate. In China, Shanxi province is one of the few ice caves. Inside Ningwu from the ceiling to the floor, stalactites are drawn. This is a dazzling spectacle, but not unique.
Mystery of ice caves
Such amazing ice caves are scattered throughout the territory of continental Europe. They are in Russia and in Central Asia, and North America. They became attractions that tourists are happy attending. Travelers attracts not only appearanceBut the mystery itself is the emergence of such caves.
One of the first to decide to look into this amazing world Ice and cold, was George Forrest Brown. In 1861, he went to Switzerland and came across a small dark cave, the walls and the ceiling of which were ice. Explorer Emil Sheaks from the Romanian Institute of Speletology also wrote in his works, which will never forget his first trip to the Ice Cave. 
Why in these caves persists a minus temperature? What is the uniqueness of these places?
Scientists began to explore Ice Caves 150 years ago, and there is still no consensus about why the ice does not melt. The version was repeatedly nominated that the processes occurring in the caves were associated with geothermal heat (coming from the hot mantle of the Earth). In other words, this phenomenon can notice this phenomenon. Where it is not, the caves with a minus temperature were formed.
Hot "Current" or Cold Air?
Everything was logical if it were not for Ningwu Cave (China). Scientists who conducted a study in it, in one voice, they say if the cause of these seats was the cause of these places, the surface would also be changed. However, the temperature at the inlet in the cave is 0 degrees Celsius, and on the surface - 17 degrees above zero. 
Therefore, Chinese scientists put forward their hypothesis. In their opinion, for a minus temperature inside the cave affects not geothermal heat, and the flow of air: cold, dense, winter air penetrates inside the cave. If you measure the temperature inside every 5-10 minutes, it can be noted that during this time the flow of new cold air is received.
Shape, moves, walls
It is worth paying close attention to the structure of the cave, which has a unique form, a special location of the moves, as well as heat exchange with stone walls. All this in the aggregate creates a unique microenide, in which the cold air falls into the trap and remains here. 
Mathematical model of the cave
Yalin Shea created a mathematical model of the Ningwu cave in order to show the movement of the air. It can be compared with the 85-meter bowling keglee, which is installed on the mountain slope of 2000 m above sea level. What is the air trap?
Cool air lowers in the neck of the cave in spring, summer and autumn. It is heated slightly, so it cannot affect warming inside. In winter, the air temperature in the cave is lowered to -15 ° C. This is due to the fact that cold air, penetrating down, huses warm. That is, the temperature in the cave is noticeably decreased. 
But that is not all. The ice that was formed in the cave acts as a buffer stabilizing the temperature. When warm air falls inside, some of the ice begins to melt. In this case, the warm air at this stage is stopped, as it loses its entire energy. Therefore, the rest of the cave is protected from warming up. Temperature inside is almost constant all year round. Some ice caves have several inputs. This is definitely affecting the ice melting process.
Thus, it can be said that the ice cave is the result of such processes as an exchange of air between the cave and the surface, geothermal "current", melting of ice and freezing of water.
Caves in danger
Ice caves are very vulnerable, they are in a fairly unstable state, especially considering the constant climate change on the surface. Chinese scientists already say that some of them are in danger.
In the province of Hailongjiang (China) there is an ice cave of Vudalyanchi. To preserve it, a metal door was installed, which protects the attraction from warm summer air. but this action subjected unique place Much risk: microclimate can change without the intake of cold air. And this threatens serious consequences, that is, the whole ice can completely melted for several decades. It is impossible to block the flow of cold air.
Sometimes in an attempt to preserve unique ice caves, people are inadvertently cause them more harm. Good intentions are clear: a huge number of tourists come to them daily. Some caves are UNESCO World Heritage Site, including the Dobshinsky Cave in Slovakia. Tourism can be used to preserve ice caves.
The Ningwu cave is visited every day 1000 visitors (from May to October it is open to travelers). Tourists spend almost an hour there. All this time, the cave is lit, about 200 electric light bulbs installed in it. Both tourists and light bulbs allocate heat. Scientists are confident that it is not enough for the glacier to start to melt. However, one important condition must be observed: the seasonal flow of cold air should continue to the cave. 
Also climate change are the threat to icy caves. Winter has become shorter and warmer, as a result, a smaller amount of cold air falls into the cave. Thus, an equilibrium may break. Many ice caves are already lost due to changes occurring in the climate. To evaluate all possible risks, scientists annually measure the thickness and density of ice.
Knowledge store store
Ice caves are not only a landmark, but also a storehouse of knowledge. Scientists say that pollen, fragments of leaves and other biomass, which can provide information about the lives of our ancestors have been preserved in the ice. The share of gas in ice can shed light on the ancient composition of the atmosphere. A lot of valuable and useful information is hidden in the caves.
Montenegro does not cease to attract and surprise tourists from all over the world wonders of nature not only in the summer period with their warm adriatic sea and diverse or in winter. In addition, in Montenegro, there are still many interesting, unusual and memorable. During the whole year, lovers of active and extreme rest, climbers and speleologists literally lubricate the magnificent Montenegrin Mountains, which preserved the pristine wild beauty, and the poorly studied caves, hidden from the eyes of people in the depths of the Earth for many millennia.
According to speleologists, in Montenegro is located over 10 thousand different cavesBut, unfortunately, due to the complexity of the route, many caves are available only to spelled specialists, as well as well-prepared extreme lovers.
For the sake of justice, it is also worth noting that some of the Caves of Montenegro belong to the most beautiful speleological objects in European and global scales. It's pretty difficult to say which of the numerous caves in Montenegro is the most beautiful - they are all amazing and beautiful in their own way. In this article we will tell you about one of them ...
The Ice Age left behind the impregnable rocks, deep canyons and a lot of caves, one of which is most famous, is located in the central part of Montenegro and is name Icy.
Led Cave B. National Park Durmator.
Among the attractions of Montenegro are very popular with lovers active rest And uses Ice cavelying in the depths of the mountain at an altitude of 2180 meters above sea level In the central part of Montenegro. It is located 7 kilometers from the city, on the northeast slope of the mountain, published a human head reminding because of which it is so called in the people - Pros Head (Obla Glava with Chernog. "Round head").
Cave coordinates: Longitude 19.1064 Latitude 43.1549
Ice cave is one of the wonders of nature in the territory, which, in turn, for many years now is the natural pearl of Montenegro and in 1980 was included in List world Heritage UNESCO.
The entrance to the cave throughout the year is covered with snow, as in this place the mountain is distinguished by a steep slope and the sun here almost never appears. The descent directly in the cave goes under a very steep angle and the coating of the blind snow is almost always iced. Even an experienced climber is not so easy to descend there, and the amateur will be safer to fastened with frozen beauties at a distance. But if you decide, then descending, be extremely careful and, most importantly, look closely under your feet.
LifeHack:Get inside the cave is sometimes quite difficult without special equipment and preparation, so for lovers the most convenient time of the year for visiting the cave is the hot summer months. And even better - to go on a tour with an experienced instructor.
Inside an ice cave, there is an unusual natural museum of ice figures - numerous stalactites and stalagmites, various shapes and sizes that are not melted even in the most hot weather. Basically, they resemble high columns with a hole in the middle, since they are formed from the dripping top and then the water freezing in the form of an ice column.
The length of the entire cave is about 100 meters, and one of its ice halls reaches 20 meters in width and 40 meters long.
Interesting Facts:Even in the middle of the hottest summer months, from somewhere from the ceiling, the cave constantly dripping so cold water that by typing it in the palm, the blood is swept. It is these drops that dripping and frozen naturally form numerous bizarre ice jewelry, from the smallest to those that achieve human growth.
The bottom of the cave is also covered with ice, and some of the recesses forms peculiar pools filled with water. From the main entrance to the depth of the ice cave, several long corridors are taken, which attract many brave tourists who want to make all the gowns.
LifeHack:The water in the cave is quite a lot - it drips literally from everywhere, and it is crystal clear. That is why this place is perfect in order to replenish the containers with drinking water for the road.
Naturally, all this is a natural splendor, fascinating beauty underground kingdom, Cold mountain air, Clean water, absolutely transparent ice and constant low temperature, preserving all the cave treasures in primeval form every year attracts many different people visiting Montenegro. In order to conquer the vertices of the mountains in the Durmitor and see the unusual cave, many tourists are organized in the foot trap groups, and some experienced climbers are decided to make it in pairs or alone.
Hike to an ice cave.
The ice cave in Montenegro is available for visiting and inspection throughout the year. It leads several different in the complexity of pedestrian mountain paths, many of which take their origin from the famous, located near the city of Zhablyak. A hike in one direction to the ice cave, with privals and stops for photo shoots, will take 2-3 hours, and the total route duration can range from four to six hours depending on the preparation. But believe me, hike along, his mountain ranges, as well as the descent itself in the kingdom of natural ice sculptures really worth it.
LifeHack:In addition to all the swing trop, there is another way, shorter, which begins with a saddle pass in the Durmitor National Park. Whatever you choose, we should not forget that snow can lie in the mountains until mid-June and, accordingly, it is necessary to carefully select equipment.
Throughout the path, signs and special labels come across - red circles, helping tourists not to get off the route. But despite this, it is quite difficult to find an ice cave - so many tourists hire a guide. 
When you achieve your goal, you will open in all its glory magnificent views on the mountain ridges Durmomota, forest arrays and hidden among age-old trees, Black lake And the city of Zablyak.
If you really love real adventures, ready to experience the explosion of positive emotions and are not afraid of difficulties, I don't think about the ice cave and your journey will be justified at 100%!
Amazing the world of caves. It flows their rivers, places spilling into miniature lakes, grow their stone trees, they bloom their stone flowers. The ray of the sun will never revive them, does not illuminate lightning for a moment - everything is shrouded in eternal darkness and deep silence. Everything is rich in the world of caves, water has done. Water continuously destroys limestones, which are easily dissolved under its effect and blur. Calcium carbon dioxide, dissolved in water, settles on the surface of the stone. A drop of a drop, and gradually appears a tubercle, which in time will grow into a hanging icicle - stalactitis. Falling on the floor, a drop and leaves the mineral particle. Measuretitis from the gender is growing stalagmites. Later they are alive in one powerful column. A series of columns, continuing to grow, create bizarre partitions, whole forests of columns fill some caves. The originality, the wealth of the forms created by nature is not amenable to description. Chatyr-dawn karst cavities can be divided into three groups:
Sports, access to which is difficult to natural obstacles; For the passage, special equipment and certain knowledge, skills and skills are required;
Publicly available, these are not deep wells and horizontal caves, the visits of which do not require long-term sports training and special equipment (this group includes Suuk Coba, Binbash Coba and many others)
Suk-koba-cave on the Yai Nizhny Chatyr-Dag. The name "Suk-Koba" is translated as a "cold cave". Probably due to the temperature of 6 degrees inside. Cave Cave is located near the unequipped Multi-Owl cave (bin-bobcom), as well as from the cave marble and mammoth.
Suk-cup begins with a huge, up to 25 meters high, hall. Here, the composition of stalactitis, called the "Organ", is growing: a variety of stone icicles blew into one structure similar to organ pipes.
Then the hanger hall is narrowed and branched into two sides. If you want to go to the right, you will have to climb a little on homemade steps. Steps in dry kobe, as in any other cave, pretty slippery, so you need to be extremely careful. If you go left, the move on numerous baths will lead to the hall with a column.
On the wall of the cave near the fork, an outstanding drawing is drawn. Do not hurry to rejoice at what prehistoric rocky paintings found: in those days, no one painted in colors and in compliance with proportions. They say, in the 90s, a film about the cave residents was filmed at Chatyr-Dag, did not pay attention and Suk-Kobu. Now the drawing has become a local attraction.
Multicolor Cave (Binbash-Koba) - Cave on Yai Nizhny Chatyr-Dag. The name "Binbash-Koba" is translated from Turkic as a "cave thousands of heads." Hence her the second name - thousandths. The length of the cave is 110 m. The cave is located near the Cold Cave (Suk Kobobi).
The name of the cave is not accidental. From the middle of the XIX century, Binbash Coba was actively visited local residentsSince it was known for many centuries. The first "researchers" found in the cave a lot of human skulls and bones, and literally in fifty years, all the skulls were taken out of the cave sold on the Angarsk pass to the first Crimean tourists as "souvenirs from Chatyr-Dag".
As usual, there are two options for explaining such large number Human remains in the cave: by legend and from the point of view of logic.
The legend says that one day the nomadic tribes attacked local villages. Residents in a hurry hid in a long-famous cave, taking with them all Skarb and food. And so they would have reimeted raid nomads, but there was no water source in the cave. So every night is the most beautiful girl The tribes with water jugs came out of the cave and went to the nearest source of water. So it lasted for many days, but here's the problem: when the girl carried the water, the one, splashing, irrigated the path, and after a while the path from the well to the cave was covered with beautiful colors. Nomads discovered this, and drove down, where the fugitives are hidden. And since they did not want to give up to prisoner, the invaders were burned at the entrance a huge fire, and all the residents hidden in the cave died.
There is a more logical explanation. The Multi-Color Cave has a very unusual form: Starting with a wide platform and a horizontal entrance-portal, it goes into the tesnin, and then reveals a huge room with dozens of stalactites and stalagmites. The perfect place for the burial of the dead is a majestic and quiet. It is believed that Bin-Bash Coba served as a venue of ritual burial for local tribes - this is confirmed by the fact that only the skull of adults was found in the cave.
The Tsaver thousandth has another feature. She is the perfect example of what becomes with a cave after opening it for free access to everyone. To the huge regret, only traces remained from rich and beautiful scholars. Many giant columns of stalagmites are caught on the floor, and on the walls there are traces from the axes of fans of cave exotic.
The cave is still worth it to visit it: even despite the desolation, it felt some mystic and trembling before the story.
Gugerjin Cave:
It has an entrance well to 20 meters, a total length of 60 m. The cave is in the forest at 50 m. South of the thousandths and not far from the shelter "Onyx." Gugerjin is one of the most popular caves among beginner speleologists. It has one lounge, shared by honey to six cameras. The cave is simple for descent / lifting and very beautiful.
The cave bottomless is located in the Crimea, on the lower plateau of Chatyr-Dag. Other names of this cave Crimea are a bottomless well and a bottomless mine. According to modern ideas of geology, this cave of Crimea is not a well, but a complex combination of a mine revealed cave and the cave itself. The cave bottomless became known since the end of the XIX century. This cave of the Crimea of \u200b\u200bthe vertical type, the entrance to it is located at an altitude of about 1 km, at the bottom of the Karst Funnel Total length Caves bottomless 410 meters, depth it is about 195 meters.
The descent in the cave is not equipped for ordinary visits. To get into this mysterious Cabin of Crimea, you can only with equipment, as part of a group of speleologists or athletes.
GPS GPS 44.786886,34.287868 (Format is used in online maps)
GPS gps 44 ° 47.213 ", 34 ° 17.272" (Format is used in navigators and geocating)
GPS G.M.S. 44 ° 47 "12.79", 34 ° 17 "16.32"
In addition to equipped paid caves, on full "free", but they are not worse than the "official". The second, of course, is impressive, and amazing imagination, but the value of the second is best determined by the comment of one of the visitors:
- I thought all my life that real caves should be such as in the book about Tom Sawyer. Remember, there was a huge, multi-tiered and multi-part cave, in which you can get lost and get out of the other side of the mountain? And where, where the handle is cast and excursions are told, of course, great ... but not that. There is no atmosphere.
Suk-Koba, or a cold cave, is located in a kilometer from. Here you can already feel yourself in the present dungeon - one il with friends, with an unclear lantern ray slide on slipping slope slope somewhere down - no one burned down the steps. Nothing is highlighted, and you feel like a real discoverer.
Unlike equipped caves, it is possible to touch everything here (if you are not afraid that it was already licked to you), because, however, the cave looks sad - everything is composed of everything, right up to the fact that the calcite walls began to collapse. From the air on the walls near the entrance, the black flare is settled - it is natural, but not very beautiful. Moreover, here even stalactites are cut off with an ax. Apparently, on souvenirs.
In the nineties, Bulgaria filmed a documentary here for this, and beautiful pictures were drawn. The main difference from the natural skatal painting It is that ancient people did not use multi-colored paints and did not work to reckon with proportions.
Highlighting the day, the way out is always beautiful, it is in all caves with natural entrance.
The entrance is located in a cozy bed, hidden by greens from an extraneous eye, so finding the cave is best on the navigator, at least it is a trotted path. Suk-Koba will not be forgotten, she is alive. It had a lot of guests, and she continues to live his thoughtful and eternal, like earth, life.
