So inside. Anyone can get to the territory of the Kremlin. You just need to purchase entry tickets In the box office and pass through Kutafye Tower on the Trinity Bridge.

This summer, we decided not only once again take a walk on the Kremlin, but also climb the bell tower of Ivan the Great, which became open to visits, but it turned out not just ...

First, a ticket to the bell tower can only be bought 40 minutes before the start of the session, to which small groups are allowed to 10 people, and wishing much more.

Secondly, for the remaining 30 to 40 minutes, it is necessary to have time to defend the long queue.

And then quickly run through the Ivanovo and Cathedral Square, which is also very problematic.

Thirdly, if suddenly it will suddenly be raining, the entrance to the bell tower will be closed until the next day. Personally, we tried to buy tickets several times (on different days), and always unsuccessfully. The weather was intervened to our plans, and we were not able to fulfill the conditions offered by the organizers, then there were no tickets at the box office, etc.

On the territory of the Kremlin, to the right of the entrance is located Kremlin Palace Congresses (CDS) - "Church of the Khrushchev thaw." Today it is also a popular concert venue of the capital. Here often are the brightest stars of the variety. The palace was built in 1961 for the meetings of the delegates of the Congresses of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, solemn receptions, etc. The author's team of architects, headed by M. Socinet, repeatedly agreed his project with his initiator. Khrushchev did not bother in any way that the CDS will be built on the site of the architectural monuments of the XV-XIX centuries. Under demolition, I went: the old weapon chamber (1806. Architect of eoters), the northern wing of the Patriarchal Palace (con. XV century) and office buildings of the XIX century. Because of the construction of the Palace of Congresses, Moscow was excluded from the list of UNESCO monuments. Although in 2004 the CDS was assigned the status of a newly identified architectural monument.

To the left of the entrance - Arsenal - An example of the Moscow long-term, started in the emperor Petr I (1701-1736, Arch. M. Choglokov and H. Konrad). Several times restored after fires and Napoleonic destruction. In arsenal, as the largest military warehouse, domestic military equipment, trophy copper and iron guns were kept. Along the facade of the building there are trophy guns that were repulsed from the French army during her retreat in 1812.

Tsar Cannon It is located on the Ivanovo Square of the Kremlin, and in the XVI century stood on Vasilyevsky descent, defending Moskvoretsky Bridge and Spasskoy Gate. This combat gun of the largest caliber in the world is about 9 meters. Mashed the Master of the Master of the Fox Court A. Chokhov with Tsar Ivan Grozny. Shooting was supposed to be made by a boat, not nuclei (all the more non-decorative, which lie near the faucet). The tsar-gun itself did not make a single shot, as it was not a worthy case.

In Ivanovo Square, there is another "royal person" - The Tsar Bell. In 1836, the architect and engineer O. Montpherd built a construction that allowed to get a bell in two hundred tons from the ground. In the earthen casting pit, the bell stood 101 from the moment of its manufacture in 1735. 2 years after his casting in the Kremlin there was a fire. During extinguishing on the fascinated bell walls, water hit, and due to the temperature difference, the piece of 11.5 tons split a piece of 11.5 tons! For this reason, the king bell never called.

Cathedral of the Twelve Apostles and Patriarch Chambers Built for the head of the ROC Nikon in the middle of the XVII century. There: residential rooms, cells, public halls ... There is a special front room - a cross, in which from 1763 to 1917 cooked Miro for all Russian churches.

Senate (The Senate Palace) was built under the Empress Catherine the second architect Matvey Cossack for two departments of the Governing Senate, who moved from the capital of the Russian Empire to Moscow in the XVIII century. Now the Senate is the residence of the President of Russia (Cabinets, Library, Meeting Room), the presidential standard is developing over the dome.

Bell tower "Ivan Great" (The beginning of the XVI century, Arch. Bon Fryazin) is erected in the center of the Kremlin as a watchdog and alarm tower of medieval Moscow. After the erection of the third tier from 1600 to 1707, it became the highest construction of the city - 81 meters. In the first tier of the bell tower - the church of St. John the Distrownger, which gave the name of the whole building. "Ivan Great" is a symbol of the spiritual staircase (chalfs), according to which a person dates back to the sky after Jesus. Stairway to Heaven. Next to the bell tower in the 1930s, a bell was built, and in the XVII century. Also phylaretovskaya extension. Now there are 34 bells in the bells.

Red Porch of the Tsarist Palace and the Granovy Chamber. Personal entrance B. tsarsh Palace was with Cathedral Square The Kremlin through the red porch (that is, beautiful). In addition, it was the only place in the state where the king was bowed to the people. The red porch is connected to the grain ward. This chamber is the first civilian stone building of the city (1491, Arch. M. Fryazin and P. Solari). Her facades are lined with faceted stone - hence the name. The Chamber itself is a paradeproof hall, in which the Boyarskaya Duma, the Zemsky Cathedral, held solemn lunches and receptions of foreign ambassadors, festivities in honor of the military victories.

To the right of the grain chamber - fragments of the facade of the Golden Queen Chamber - the Paradinary Hall of the Female Half Palace. Over the ward you can see the heads of the Verospassky Cathedral and one-eyed church of the counting (XV century)

Assumption Cathedral – chief Cathedral Moscow and the state (1475 ARH. Aristotle Phioravanti), in which the coronation of great princes, kings and emperors was held. Moscow Metropolitans and Patriarchs also rest in the Cathedral. In his altar there is a tomb of Metropolitan Peter, who suffered a metropolitan department from Vladimir to Moscow in 1325

Cathedral of the Archangel (XV century, Arch. Aleviz is new) - until the XVIII century served as the tomb of the Moscow great princes and the kings of the Dynasties of Rurikovich and Romanov. The first in him was buried the Grand Prince Ivan first. In the altar - the burial of Ivan the Terrible and his son Fyodor.

Blagoveshchensky cathedral (XV century, Pskov architects) - the home temple of the Princely Palace. The sidet of the cathedral is the most ancient building of the Kremlin (1360-1390 g.). The fresco wall was partially made by the icon painters of the School Dionysius (beginning. XVI century)

Grand Kremlin Palace (1850, Arch. K. Ton) - Parade Imperial Residence. In the building of more than 700 premises, and the southern facade stretches along the Moscow River by 125 meters. Currently, the Palace is held in the inauguration ceremony of the President of Russia.

To the Palace of Palace building of a weapon chamber (1851, Arch. K. Ton). The Chamber itself existed since the 40s of the XVI century. She was both repository and craft workshops on the manufacture of cold and firearms, armor, gold and silver items, sewing. Since the beginning of the XIX century, the Armory becomes a public museum for storing historical and artistic values.

In the Townitsky Garden since 1967 there was a monument to V.I. Lenin. In 1995, the monument was dismantled and transported to Lenin slides. Now there is a flower bed with labrador benches remaining from the monument, and a beautiful view of the front facade of the Senate.

Now you can go out of the Kremlin through the Spasskaya Tower. Previously, this passage was closed.

The tower put a guard guard.

Moscow Kremlin - This is the place where the history of Moscow began. Fortress that gives us a lot unforgettable impressions, Center for Political and Public Life of Russia.

Arriving to the capital, in the Kremlin must be visited!

article 15. 07. 2016

Moscow Kremlin is the main attraction of the city. It is easy to get to it. There are several metro stations, coming out of which you can walk to the Kremlin. Station Aleksandrovsky Garden will withdraw you how easy it is possible to guess, straight into the Alexandrovsky Garden. There will be already visible by Kutafya Tower, where they sell tickets to the territory of the Kremlin and in the Armory Chamber. You can also go to Art. Library to them. IN AND. Lenin. In this case, Kutafia Tower will be visible across the road. Stations of the Revolution Square and China City will bring you to the Red Square, only from different sides. The first - from the state Historical Museum, the second is from the side. You can still go to the Okhotny Row - if there is a desire to walk along the same trading row. Just be prepared for unusual prices)).

About prices in the museums of the Kremlin. A visit to the Kremlin - the pleasure is not cheap. One and a half hours of visit to - will cost 700 rubles., - 500 rubles, take a walk with inspection - 500 rubles. Read more about museums and some nuances about their visiting, which should be known for see links.

The Kremlin is called not only the walls with the towers, as some think, but all that is located inside it. Behind the walls on the land of the Moscow Kremlin there are cathedrals and squares, palaces and museums. This summer at the Cathedral Square, every Saturday at 12:00 shows his skill of the Kremlin regiment. If you get a break in the Kremlin, I will write about it.

The history of the Moscow Kremlin.

The word "Kremlin" is very old. Kremlin or Decints in Russia called the fortified part in the city center, in other words, the fortress. In the old days there were different times. It happened that inconspicuous enemy forces were attacked on Russian cities. Then then the inhabitants of the city were going to protect their Kremlin. Old and small fenced behind his powerful walls, and those who could keep the weapon in their hands, defended from the walls of the Kremlin.

The first settlement on the site of the Kremlin arose about 4,000 years ago. It was installed archaeologists. Here were found fragments of clay pots, stone axes and flint tips of arrows. These things once used the ancient settlers.

The construction site of the Kremlin was not chosen by chance. The Kremlin is built on a high hill, from two sides of the rivers surrounded by the rivers: Moscow-River and Neglinnaya. The high location of the Kremlin allowed to notice enemies from a larger distance, and the rivers served as a natural obstacle on their way.

Initially, the Kremlin was wooden. Around its walls was embarrassed by an earthen shaft for greater reliability. The remains of these fortifications were found during the construction work now in our time.

It is known that the first wooden walls on the site of the Kremlin were built in 1156 by order of Prince Yuri Dolgoruky. These data are preserved in the ancient chronicles. In early 14th century, Ivan Kalita began to edit the city. Kalita in ancient Russia called a bag for money. The prince was so nicknamed because he had accumulated great wealth and always wore a small bag with money. Prince Kalita decided to decorate and strengthen his city. He commanded to build the Kremlin new walls. They were cut down from strong oak trunks, such thick, as they do not grab their hands.

In the next ruler of Moscow - Dmitry Donskoy Kremlin built other walls - stone. From all over the county collected in Moscow the masters of the Stonework. And in 1367 They began to work. People worked without a break, and soon the Borovitsky hill was looked by a powerful stone wall, 2, and then 3 meters. She was built from limestone, which was mined in a quarry near Moscow from the village of Mechkovo. The Kremlin struck the contemporaries by the beauty of his white walls, which since then the Moscow began to call white.

Prince Dmitry was a very bold man. He always fought in the first rows and it was he who headed the struggle against the conquerors from the Golden Horde. In 1380, his army broke the army of Khan Mamai on the Kulikov field, which is not far from the Don River. This battle was nicknamed Kulikovskaya, and the prince since then received the nickname Don.

The White Kremlin stood over 100 years. During this time, much has changed. Russian lands united into one strong state. Moscow became its capital. It happened under Moscow Prince Ivan III. Since then, he became the name of the Grand Duke of All Russia, and historians call him the "collector of the land of Russian."

Ivan III gathered the best Russian masters and invited Aristotle Few from the distant Italy, Antonio Solaryo and other famous architects. And under the leadership of Italian architects on Borovitsky hill, new construction began. In order not to leave the city without a fortress, the builders were erected by a new Kremlin in parts: disassembled the section of the old white-name wall and in its place quickly built a new one - from bricks. Suitable for its manufacture of clay in the vicinity of Moscow was quite a lot. However, clay - the material is soft. So that the brick become hard, it was burned in special furnaces.

Over the years of construction, Russian masters stopped treating Italian architects as strangers, and even their names were redesigned to the Russian way. So Antonio became Anton, and the sophisticated Italian surname replaced the nickname Fryazin. Overseas lands Our ancestors were called Fryazhsky, and out of there - fryazinam.

Built a new Kremlin for 10 years. The fortress from two sides was protected by the river, and at the beginning of the 16th century. From the third party, the Kremlin dug wide ditch. He connected two rivers. Now the Kremlin has been protected by water obstacles from all sides. They were erected one after the other, equipped with their rejected archers for consuming defense capability. Together with the update of the fortress wall, the construction of such famous as Asspensky, Arkhangelsky and Blagoveshchensky took place.

After the wedding on the kingdom of Romanov, the construction of the Kremlin went in reinforced pace. Philaretovov was built near the bell tower of Ivan the Great, Teremnaya, the fun palaces, the Patriarchal Chambers and the Cathedral of the Twelve Apostles. In Peter I, an arsenal building is erected. But after the transfer of the capital to Petersburg, the new buildings stopped erected.

During the Board of Catherine II, a number of ancient buildings and part of the southern wall under the construction of a new palace are demolished. But soon work was canceled by official version Due to the lack of financing, according to the unofficial - due to the negative opinion of the public. In 1776-87. The building of the Senate was built

During the invasion of Napoleon, the Kremlin was enormous damage. They were desecrated, the churches were looted, a part of the walls, towers and buildings blew up during the retreat. In 1816-19. Restoration work was held in the Kremlin. By 1917 In the Kremlin was 31 temple.

During the October Revolution, the Kremlin is subjected to bombardment. In 1918, the Government of the RSFSR moves to the Senate Building. In the Soviet power in the Kremlin, the Kremlin Palace of Congresses is built, set stars on the towers, put the walls and structures of the Kremlin repeatedly restored.

IN historical center Capital is the most recognizable architectural structure of Russia - Moscow Kremlin. The main feature architectural ensemble It is its firming complex consisting of walls in the form of a triangle with twenty towers.

The complex was built in the period from 1485 to 1499 and well preserved to this day. He served as a model for such forties several times, which appeared in other cities of Russia - Kazan, Tula, Rostov, Nizhny Novgorod etc. In the walls of the Kremlin there are numerous religious and secular buildings - cathedrals, palaces and administrative buildings of different eras. The Kremlin was included in the list World Heritage UNESCO in 1990. Together with the adjacent Red Square, which is part of this list, the Kremlin is usually considered the main attraction of Moscow.

Cathedrals of Moscow Kremlin

The architectural ensemble form three temples, in the center is located. The history of the cathedral began in 1475. It is the oldest fully preserved building among all the Kremlin buildings.

Initially, construction took place in 1326-1327 under the leadership of Ivan I. After completing the construction, the cathedral served as the home church of Metropolitan of Moscow, who settled in the predecessor of the current Patriarchal Palace.

By 1472, now the collapsed cathedral was destroyed, and then a new building was built in his place. However, it collapsed in May 1474, possibly due to an earthquake or due to errors in construction. A new attempt to revive the Grand Duke Ivan III. It was in this cathedral that the prayers served in front of important campaigns, crowned the kings and were erected in San Patriarchs.

Dedicated to Archangel Mikhail, the patron of Russian rulers, was built in 1505 on the site of the 1333 church of the same name. It is built by the Italian architect Aloizio Lamberty da Montignan. Architectural style Combines traditional old Russian religious architecture and elements of Italian revival.

Located on the southwest corner of the square. In 1291, a wooden church was built here, but later the century burned down and was replaced by the stone church. The cathedral of white stone on the facades has nine onion domes and is intended for family ceremonies.

Cathedral time: 10:00 to 17:00 (day off - Thursday). Single ticket For visits will cost 500 rubles for adults and 250 rubles for children.

Palaces and Square of the Moscow Kremlin

• - These are several representative secular buildings created in different centuries and served as a house for Russian great princes and kings, and in our time for the presidents.
  

  

  

  

• - five-story building decorated with rich carved decorative frames, as well as a tiled roof.
  

  

  

• - Building of the 17th century, retained the rare architectural features of civil architecture of that time. The museum presents jewelry work, exquisite dishes, painting, objects of royal hunting. The magnificent iconostasis destroyed in 1929 of the Ascension Monastery was preserved.
  
  
• - Three-storey construction made in an early neoclassical style. Initially, the palace was supposed to serve as a residence of Senate, but in our time there is a central working office of the President of Russia.
  

  

  

  

Among popular seats The following areas should be noted in the Moscow Kremlin:

Towers of Moscow Kremlin

The length of the walls is 2235 meters, their maximum height - 19 meters, and the thickness reaches 6.5 meters.

There are 20 similar in architectural stylistics defensive towers. Three angular towers have a cylindrical base, the remaining 17 are quadrangular.

Trojitsa Tower It is the highest, towering up 80 meters.

Lowest - tower Kutafia (13.5 meters), located outside the wall.

Four towers have a travel gate:

The vertices of these 4-time towers, which are considered particularly beautiful, are decorated with symbolic red ruby \u200b\u200bstars of the Soviet era.

The clock on the Spasskaya Tower first appeared in the 15th century, but burned in 1656. On December 9, 1706, the capital first heard the fight of the Kurats, who announced a new hour. Since then, many events have occurred: war was carried out, the cities were renamed, the capital changed, but the famous chimes of the Moscow Kremlin remain the main chronometer of Russia.

Bell tower (height 81 meters) is the most high building in the Kremlin ensemble. It was built between 1505 and 1508 and still performs its function for three cathedrals, which do not have their own bells - Arkhangelsk, Assumption and Blagoveshchensky.

Nearby there is a small church of St. John, from where the name of the bell tower and the square appeared. It existed before the beginning of the XVI century, then collapsed and since then it was significantly dilapidated.

The Granovy Chamber is the main banquet hall of the Moscow Tsarevichi, this is the oldest preserved secular building in the city. Currently, this is the official ceremonial hall for the President of Russia, so it is closed for excursions.

Weapon Chamber and Diamond Fund

The Chamber was built by the decree of Peter I so that weapons mined in wars were kept. Construction has been delayed, starting in 1702 and ending only in 1736 due to financial difficulties. In 1812, the Chamber was blown up in the war against Napoleon, was reconstructed only in 1828. Now the Armory is a museum, to visit that can be on any day of the week from 10:00 to 18:00, with the exception of Thursday. The price of a ticket for adults is 700 rubles, for children - free.

There are not only arms fishery exhibits, but also a diamond foundation. The permanent exhibition of the state diamond fund was first opened in the Moscow Kremlin in 1967. Unique jewelry and precious stones are especially valuable here, most of them were confiscated after the October Revolution. Work time - from 10:00 to 17:20 any day, except Thursday. For a ticket for adults will have to give 500 rubles, the children's costs 100 rubles.

The two diamond exhibited deserves separate attention, as they belong to the most famous samples in the world of this gemstone:

1. It's not just the biggest medieval fortress In Russia, but also the greatest active fortress in all of Europe. Of course, there were more such structures, but the Moscow Kremlin is the only one that is still used.
2. Kremlin walls were white. Walls "purchased" their red brick at the end of the XIX century. To see the White Kremlin, seek the work of the artists of the 18th or 19th century, such as Peter Vereshchagin or Alexey Savrasov.
3. Red square has nothing to do with red. The name comes from the ancient Russian word "red", which means beautiful, and in no way connected with the color of buildings, which, as we now know, were white until the end of the 19th century.
4. The stars of the Moscow Kremlin were eagles. In the days of Tsarist Russia, four Kremlin towers were crowned with blohemic eagles, which from the XV century were the Russian coat of arms. In 1935, the Soviet government replaced the eagles that were melted and replaced by five-pointed stars that we see today. The fifth star on the water tower added later.
5. The Kremlin towers have names. Of the 20 Kremlin towers, only two do not have their own names.
6. The Kremlin is tightly built up. Behind the 2235-meter Kremlin walls are 5 squares and 18 buildings, including the most popular Spasskaya Tower, the bell tower of Ivan the Great, Assumption Cathedral, the Trinity Tower and the Terem Palace.
7. The Moscow Kremlin practically did not suffer in World War II. During the war, the Kremlin was carefully disguised to look like a residential building block. The dome of the church and the famous green towers were painted in gray and brown colors, respectively, fake doors and windows were coming to the walls of the Kremlin, and the Red Square was burdened with wooden structures.
8. The Kremlin is in the Guinness Book of Records. In the Moscow Kremlin, you can see the largest bell in the world and the largest gun in the world. In 1735, a 6.14 meter bell was made of metal casting, the king gun weighing 39,312 tons was lost in 1586 and was never used in the war.
9. The stars of the Kremlin are always shine. For 80 years of existence, the lighting of the Kremlin stars was disabled only twice. The first time during the Second World War, when the Kremlin was disguised to hide him from bombers. For the second time they were disabled for the film. Oscar-axis director Nikita Mikhalkov removed the scene for the Siberian Mutter.
10. Kremlin clocks have a deep mystery. The secret of the accuracy of the Kremlin clock literally lies under our legs. The clock is connected to the clock of the control in the Astronomical Institute of Sternberg through the cable.

To be honest, I thought that there was all the latest technology that would not regret myself. And in fact, everything in shit is becoming more than behind the fence. Broken steps, everywhere cables painted, painted billion times the doors, veneer, in which 3 thousand holes from twisted screws, rubber tiles abandoned in a row, dump of cabinets, which were not exported from the times of Khrushchev, rotting the box in the trees, a wrapped lawn ... Let Vova or Dimas Day in the restaurant is not going, but the Kremlin will put in order.

This is what the wall looks like. Everywhere there is a pass, although it is not always convenient to go - a lot of pipes, illumination elements and security systems.
Pay attention to the steps - destruction even in the Kremlin!

Behind the wall from the eye of tourists hidden every mess

Staircase inside one of the towers

Phones hang on the towers. If the Physical FSO officer (Federal Security Service) will notice enemies - he will call the duty

On the pipes that go along the aisles on the walls, there are memorable inscriptions. But leave young soldiers of the Kremlin regiment

And here's the most large mystery Kremlin - on one of the walls of the wall there is a door. What is written on it?
I read how "not to touch remains" and did not decide to open it

About the Moscow Kremlin, as well as about his famous museums and cathedrals, I have already written in the heading. But I decided that it would be wrong if there would be a story about the museums of the Moscow Kremlin in the section on Museums of Moscow. Suddenly, someone will go to this section in search of the same weapon chamber or diamond fund and, not finding them here, it will certainly be very disappointed. Therefore, I decided to briefly tell on this page about all the cathedrals and museums of the Moscow Kremlin, collect the most basic information that may be needed to man who is first going to go to the Kremlin.

If you are going to visit museums of Moscow Kremlin, I'd better come to the cash desks. Start selling in 45 minutes before the next visit session. Sessions begin at 10:00, 12:00, 14:30, 16:30. The usual ticket costs 700 rubles, preferential categories of citizens - 200 rubles. There is another special family ticket. It also stands 200 rubles. For each family member (no more than 2 adults and 2 children under the age of 16). Photo, video in the weapon chamber is prohibited.

- Here they buried all Russian kings and princes until the beginning of the Board of Peter I.

He was the house of the Church of the Russian kings and princes, was intended for a family ceremony. Here, by the way, the royal treasury was kept.

- The most famous of the Cathedrals of the Kremlin. Here, the Russian kings were coroned, they were erected in San Bishops, Metropolitans and Patriarchs, the Tsarist Decrees were announced, held services in honor of victories.

- Built for Patriarch Nikon. Now here on the second floor there is a museum dedicated to Russian culture of the XVII century. Pretty interesting museumIn general, that there are various jewelry, precious dishes, antique furniture, etc. It is impossible to photograph there, so there are no photos from the museum, unfortunately.

If the Annunciation Cathedral was the house temple of the kings, then the church of the rizosposition or the church of the Region of Rise (robes) of the Blessed Virgin Mary served as the house temple of Metropolitans and the Patriarchs of Russian.

Bell tower Ivan Great. The name "Ivan" the bell tower received the name of the church of John the Savior of the Savior, who was previously at this place. The prefix "Great" added the bell tower for its height. Later, near the bell tower built an Assumption belfry and phylaretov extension. On the first floor, the callors are located showroom Museums of the Moscow Kremlin, where exhibits are presented, both from Kremlin bins and from other Russian and foreign museums.

Well, of course, no one forbids you after you cost all museums and cathedrals to stay and walk around the Kremlin, take a picture with, relax in the local small park.