Spain is a large state of the southwest part of Europe, which occupies most of the Pyrenean Peninsula, Canary, Pitius, Balearic Islands. Area of \u200b\u200bterritory - 504 750 sq.m., land - 499,400 sq.m.
Geographic characteristics
The Kingdom of Spain is located in the southern part of Europe, occupying about five sixth territories of the Pyrenean Peninsula. The position is isolated, which is due to the presence of the Pyrenees Mountains. In addition to Portugal from the west.
The territory borders with such countries as France, Andorra and Gibraltar in the North-West and South. Approximately 30% of the country is an array of plane realer with ridges of central cordillera in the central part. The rest of the territory is occupied by Pyrenees, which make the center of Spain in difficult to reach the mainland.
Nature
The mountains
The main part of the country is occupied by the Plateau of the Plate with Central Cordillera. In the north and east are the Iberian, Pyrenean, Cantabrian, Catalan Mountains, the South side - Sierra Moraine and Andalus Mountains. Most of the territory are busy with plains, pastures, the coast is different beautiful beaches and coves ...
Rivers and lakes
Numerous rivers flow on the territory and lakes with mainly rain origins. This affects the level of water - in the summer, with a low humidity of the river and the lake, it is strongly melted, in winter the water level increases greatly.
In the country, such rivers flow: Tahoe with a length of 910 km, Douro is 780 km, Guadian, the length of which is 820 km, Guadalquivir with a length of 560 km. Lakes of the country are located mainly in mountainous areas, seasonal fluctuations they are subject to not as much as water plains ...
Sea and Ocean Washing Spain
The special geographical position of Spain makes it attractive for tourists. This is due to the presence of more than 4 thousand km of the coastline with luxurious beaches, picturesque cliffs, quiet, cozy bays. The country in the south and east is washed by the warm waters of the Mediterranean Sea, in the north - the waters of the Biscay Bay, and in the south-west - the waters of the Atlantic Ocean ...
Plants and animals of Spain
The vegetable world of Spain is very rich, it has about 8 thousand plants, many of which are endemic. But extensive forests have been preserved only in the north of the country, which is associated with active economic activities. The diversity of the plant world is due to the climate, mainly this large forest (casualties, chestnuts, elms, beech, oaks), there are evergreen coniferous and oak forests in the mountains, the extensive alpine meadows are located above.
For Spain, leaf falling forests are characterized, including the puffy and rock oaks, ash, alchurch. In the mountains are common beech and fir. Mediterranean areas are rich in laurels and stone oak. Due to human intervention, many forests have already disappeared or turned into extensive pastures, on the edges of which are rare forest belts and primary shrubs. Such a border consists of a slaughterhouse, reta, hawthorn, terns, raised wild roses.
The richests vegetable world They are the North Atlantic slopes of the country, the plain parts of the Ebro River. "Dry" part of the country is distinguished by the Mediterranean types of vegetation - juniper thickets, Mirut, Lanenik.
Animal world Also distinguished by a great variety, in the northern regions they live roams, boars, deer, in the mountains have a Pyrenean goat, deer. Also in the mountains you can meet a brown bear, foxes, wolves, lyry. The territory of the country is considered the richest in Europe by the manifold of birds. In summer, about 25 types of birds of prey, late autumn and early spring in the territory you can observe rare species of birds, flamingos colony, geese.
In Spain, the premature - snakes, lizards, chameleons are found in abundance. In the south-east and semi-desert you can meet scorpions and tarantulas. In the inner waters surrounding the seas there are salmon, lunguhsts, as well as tuna, langusts, crayfish ...
Climate Spain
Climate brightly pronounced Mediterranean subtropical, winter soft and rainy, summer roast and arid. But from the north-west southeast, the climate changes dramatically, due to the proximity of Africa. The average annual temperature ranges in the range of + 14 / + 19 °, in the winter - to + 4 / + 5 °, in summer the average temperature is + 29 °. The level of precipitation is poured for individual regions of the country - in the mountains it reaches 1000 mm per year in winter, on the plain territories - 300-500 mm per year ...
Resources
Spain is rich in natural resourceswhat is due to her geographical position. In the mountains of Sierra Moraine there are the largest deposits of zinc, lead ores, manganese, copper cchedan. The iron ore is concentrated in the country of Basques, Leone, Asturias, Almeria, Terwell, Granada, the estimated volume of such ores is about 2.5 million tons. Galicia and the northern part of the country are rich in tungsten and tin, the province of Salamanca and Cordoba are rich in uranium ores.
In the reserves of mercury, Spain is in the first place, the big guar of cynosaries are in the valley of the river. Baldeasaga, Ciudad Real Province. Pyrites are concentrated in the southern regions of the Sierra Moraine Mountains. Stone coal reserves, lingitis, anthracite are concentrated in the northern regions, Galicia, Aragon, Asturias. But coking coal is extremely small, the overall quality is not high ...
In Spain, small thefts and fraud in relation to foreign tourists are sufficient. Therefore, in order to avoid unpleasant excesses, it is worth remembering uncomplicated rules of safe behavior:
You should always have an identity card with you. However, instead of the original passport, it is better to carry a photocopy with you (pages with a photo and a visa), which is desirable to assure a stamp of the hotel.
- Purse, wallets and other valuable things in the back pocket pants are better not to wear.
- Women's handbag is always the subject of increased attention of street thieves. Most safely put on the strap "Through the head" and press the handbag to the body.
- If the strangement is suddenly actively trying to smoke your jacket, bring the bags, give a souvenir or something else, it is a clear reason to show vigilance. In such a situation, it is better not to come into contact and try as quickly as possible to get away from the "well-wisher".
- Walking along the sidewalk next to the roadway is not recommended - in order to avoid the theft of Tear-ON (when the motorcyclist on the move pulls the bag from the passerby).
- Do not come to the fishing company the actors of the improvised games on the street (maps, lottery, "thimble", etc.).
. Baggage
Arriving at the airport, carefully follow your luggage. Thefts are often performed on the extradition of luggage.
- Especially attentive be in the process of loading and unloading baggage upon arrival and departing from the hotel. The victims of fraud in this situation are, as a rule, tourists leaving their baggage unattended. Usually thefts are performed by a group of persons.
. Money
The main amount of money, as well as documents should be left in a room in a room or at the hotel reception.
- In the room, try not to leave in front of the service personnel and unauthorized persons, money, documents and valuables.
. ATM traps
Regular scenario: Tourist removes money in an ATM. At the outlet of the ATM, it is dying allegedly a random passerby and indicates a bill on the asphalt, saying that the tourist is inadvertently choking her. Surprised by the care of a stranger A tourist raises a bill, at this time he removes a bank card with deft hands. I have no suspect of anything, the victim of deception thanks the stranger and goes on. Meanwhile, his bank account is empty.
- All Spanish ATM receiver cards are made in such a way that it does not have protruding parts. Therefore, pay attention to any kind of "extension" over the slot for cards. This may well be a device for copying a magnetic strip set by fraudsters. As a rule, a miniature chamber directed to the keyboard is used complete with the "extension" or an overhead keyboard simulating the present.
. To rest is pleasant ...
Do not neglect headlores. They can protect from the sunshine.
- At the first sunny baths, be sure to use protective creams for the body and face.
- Protect your eyes with high-quality dark glasses.
- In hot time it is worth drinking more liquid to avoid dehydration of the body.
- Water from the water pipe is better not to drink. Inexpensive drinking water is sold in stores and hotels.
- Be careful when buying vegetables and fruits, carefully check for them to be fresh.
On the coastline, Spain bordered with the south of France and its first big City - Beautiful Perpignan. This city is considered the capital of French Catalonia. A significant part of the local population here is represented by Spanish Catalans, which in the last days Spanish Civil War Crossed the border and remained here.
Actually, the "border" it is called very conditional. If you, from Spain, go there by car, then you will not even ask for checking documents. Previously, there was a post and the police checked in all passports and documents for legal found in the country, but after France's entry into the European Union in 1951, he was removed.
In the city, you can still hear Catalan speech, but the Spirit of France is still felt stronger. Perpignan is a small provincial city and the most beautiful part in it - the embankment along the La Bassa River. It is made in two yarus of greenery: shady chestnuts along a pedestrian walkway and rosemary and roses bushes just below, at the river level.
As in every city with a story, there is an area of \u200b\u200bthe Old Town and it is quite compact. According to the classics of the genre, narrow streets and a large cathedral.
The town is located next to the track leading to Spain and can serve both for a short stop on the way of studying the coast and a separate item of your tourist plan.
There are all major attractions that will be interested to learn medieval history lovers.
Palace of the Kings of Majorca (Palais Des Rois de Majorque) is the most famous landmark around which the city actually grew up. Located on the south side of the Old Town. You can explore both the facade of the building and internal decoration. The palace was built at the end of the 13th century as a residence for the king Majorca Heima II, the son of King Heima I Aragon and Valencia ("Konkistador"), who took the famous Mauro Majorca. After the death of King, his kingdom was divided between the two sons: Senior, Pere II, received the title of Barcelona Count and King Aragon and Valencia, together with most of the inheritance. The remaining territories, including Majorca and Rosyssillon, switched to Junior Heima II, which ruled from Perpignan and Montpellier. Today, exhibitions and summer musical concerts are often held in the palace.
Cathedral Saint-Jean received the status of the cathedral in 1602. The Romanesque Church of St-Jean-Le - Vieux is adjacent to the cathedral, which is currently closed. And if you walk a little from the southern gates of the cathedral, you can see Campo Santo, which used to serve as a cemetery, one of the oldest in France. This is the only Kloiter in its kind. Today, summer festivals are held here. In the northern part of the city - the Gate Perpignan. This is a red brick building - a symbol of the city - the remains of the medieval fortress wall. Previously, the building was a prison. Today is the Museum of Catalan Art and Traditions (Musée Catalan Des Arts Et Traditions Populaires). But the chief goal of the city is considered notch-lades, adjacent to Le Castillet. They were added in 1478 by Louis Xi. These were the main gate in Perpignan through the fortress wall.
There is here and the main square - Place de la Loge, which is so small that you can not even immediately understand what you are on main Square. There is a small palace, Loge de Mer, who used to be the trade exchange of the city and the main offshore maritime trade, which can be determined by the flood in the form of a ship.
And, of course, in Perpignan there is a Hyacinthe-Rigaud Museum. At one time, Picasso, Dufi and Cokto lived here. Now the museum contains a collection of modernist art. Museum address - 6 rue de l'ange.
For acquaintance with the french dish - oysters, it is better to go to the port of Ekat, to the French commune of the Russleon region. Here are the oyster farms. Luxury restaurants serving oysters and dry white wine, you will most likely not find, but if you want to taste a dozen of the freshest oysters for 6.5 euros, it can be done at a table of simple cafes. Basically, the port of Ekut come for buying a whole box of oysters a few kilograms - prices here to funny low. You can buy a kilogram in just 3.5 euros.
If you are going to study the French coast from Spain, these towns must necessarily be included in the plan. Original and unusual, and their proximity to the Spanish border makes them even more attractive.
Spain is located in the southwestern part of Europe, on the Pyrenean Peninsula. The country also belongs to the Balearic and Canary Islands. Spain borders with Portugal, France, Andorra and Gibraltar. In the north and west, Spain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean, in the south and east - the Mediterranean Sea.
The climate of Spain is a Mediterranean, hot and dry, in the northern and northwestern part of the country, in the central - sharply continental. average temperature Air on the coast in winter 8 - 12 degrees, in summer 21-25 degrees.
There are many rivers in Spain, but only a small part of the Guadalquivir River is available for shipping. Most large rivers Countries - Guadalquivir, Tahoe, Douro, Guadiana, Ebro. Lakes in Spain a little. There are small lakes on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea and the Cadizskoto Bay, the largest - Mar Menor and Albuofer.
In Spain, up to 8,000 plant species grows, among them many are endemic. The forests were preserved only in the north of the country, and are presented mainly by broad rocks. Evergreen species of trees are in the mountains, on the border of the Alpine meadows.
The animal world of Spain is rich enough. In the northern regions there are deers, roebles, boars, a brown bear is found in the Cantabrian Mountains. From the countries of Europe, Spain is the richest bird species. In the mouths of the rivers and the Atlantic there are a lot of fish, it is mostly tuna, salmon, sardines, a salaka, cod and anchovies.
Country position:
South-West Europe, limited to the Biscay Bay, Mediterranean Sea, North Atlantic Ocean, and Pyrenean Mountains, southwest of France
Footprint:
505 370 square meters KM
Land:
498 980 sq. M. KM
Water:
6 390 square meters. KM
The length of land borders:
1 917.8 km
Coastline length:
4,964 km
Special economic zone:
200 nm (applied only to Atlantic Ocean.)
Continental shelf:
-
Country climate:
Typical seasonal. Moderate; Clear, hot summer on internal arions, more moderate along the coast; Cold Wimes
Relief area:
Flat, surrounded by hills; Pyrenees in the north
The highest / low point in the territory:
The lowest point:
Atlantic ocean 0 m.
The highest point:
Pico de Tenerife on Canary Islands 3 718 m.
Minerals:
coal, line, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, uranium, tungsten, mercury, pyrite, magnesite, fluorite, gypsum, kaolin, sweat
Land use:
Percentage of arable land:
27.18 %
Perennial cultures:
9.85 %
Other:
62.97 % (2005)
Irrigated land:
37 800 sq. M. km (2003)
The total amount of replenished fresh water resources:
111.1 km cube. (2005)
Using fresh water (households / industry / s / x):
Footprint:
37.22 cubic meters. km / year (13% / 19% / 68%)
Per capita:
864 cubic meters m / year (2002)
Typical natural cataclysms and natural disasters:
periodic drought, accidental flood
Vulcanism:
In Spain, there are volcanic activities on the Canary Islands located from the North-West Coast of Africa; most large volcano - Tadeid.
