Air travel are used by travelers for quite a long time and each waven choose the company and liner. Wanting to fly with comfort and pleasure, people often stop their choice on Boeing 787 900 aircraft. This advanced liner created for the most pleasant travel.

Passenger jet aircraft With two engines. In an effort to get an advantage in comparison with competitors, representatives of the Boeing company sent great resources for the development and arrangement of the aircraft, which should become comfortable place For a person for several hours of flight.

Boeing 787-900 Dreamliner.

Knowing placement of places in the cabin, each passenger when buying a ticket will be able to find the perfect option in accordance with its preferences. This article is about the Boeing 787 9 Dreamliner salon scheme.

Salon Capacity

If this is a plane with places only in one class, then it is designed for 250-300 places for passengers. But as a rule, the salon is divided into three classes, the sum of travelers in which is equal to 234 passengers. The liner salon has a width of 5.5 m, due to which the creators have provided extensive passages for the convenience of people. Each series of chairs consists of 8-9 seats. In Boeing 787 900, the salon scheme may be: 3-3-3 or 2-4-2.

Salon scheme

All passenger places in the aircraft Boeing 787 Dreamliner are divided into three classes. This is a business, economy class and economy premium. Each of the accommodation options has its pros and cons.

Business Class Salon

Features of accommodation in business class

• This class is distinguished by the first 8 rows of the aircraft.
• Large and wide space for legs, which will be comfortable even a very high passenger.
• You can make a "bed" from the seat, deploying it 180 degrees.
• Places are located in accordance with the plan 2-2-2, so if it wanted to the toilet, then the passenger does not prevent anyone and calmly passes.
• The total capacity of passengers in this class is 48.
• Best places for calm holiday There will be 2 and 5 rows.
• Places in the business class are distinguished by the view of the semi-cup with monitors and multimedia systems.
• Compared to places in other classes, there is a wide selection of dishes and drinks.
• Passengers are issued cozy socks, and if there is a free night, then warm pajamas are provided.

Important!If you want to fly comfortably, you need to know about those places that are not successful in business class. These are 4L sites and 4a, since they do not have an illuminator. It is also not recommended to choose places in 1, 6 and 5 row. These ranks are located near the toilet.

Salon economy premium class

Description of places in economy premium class

• Total capacity - 88 people.
• There is an extra bed place that allows you to take a convenient position.
• High and wide seats will ensure their rest and lower back.
• The back is postponed, has 4 main positions from which you can choose the most acceptable.
• The best place is the 16th row, since it is located near the business class wall - there will be an extra room for the legs.
• The 16th row in Boeing 787-900 Virgin Atlantic is perfect for people with children, but for those who do not tolerate fuss, this row will not fit.
• It is from the 16th row that begins to spread food.
• You should not purchase tickets in 24 row as with a toilet.

Economy class salon

Economy Characteristics

• A total economy class accommodates 116 people.
• Seats are a little already lower than in the economy premium class.
• The back chairs leans and gives the passenger to choose one of the 3 options for fixing.
• The best choice will be the 27th row, however, eliminate the places of A and L, since they have no porthole (but there is an extra bed place).
• The backing model is soft and comfortable.
• There are 41 and 40 row near the toilets, so if there is a choice of places, exclude these rows.
• Shelves for luggage are not wide.
• Places 38a and 38L should be avoided, because they are located at the walls of the cabin and are characterized by the absence of the porthole.

Additional Information. Information about the Boeing 787 9 Dreamliner, whose characteristics are presented above, is general, however, each of the airlines makes its adjustments. For example, British Airways Corporation except business sells tickets and first class. And the company "KLM" also changed the position of the chairs in business class and economy.

Cabin pilots

In Boeing, nine hundred controls for pilots remained the same compared to the previous model. In this regard, the pilot can calmly reconcile the steering wheel of another liner and he does not need training.

A novelty in the design of the Dream cabin is a device for information projection indicators on the windshield. The pilots are provided with an electronic sample route displayed on two screens. Thus, each of the pilots receives information from the computer to manage the liner information.

Cabin pilots

At the disposal of pilots also means of diagnosing vessel in real time. With these sensors, information enters the land.

Comfort passengers

Another distinctive feature of the aircraft, compared with previous models, is an improved climate control system. The air from the external environment is skipped through special filters and only then falls into the salon. In the nose part of the liner there are special sensors that, when entering the turbulence zone, is responsible for reducing shaking and ensure the comfort of passengers.

Passengers in Boeing 787-900 Dreamliner

Plane Boeing 787 9 Dreamliner is an excellent travel liner both short and long distances. A successfully decorated salon of each of three comfort classes creates excellent conditions during the flight. Passengers do not need anything and can relax peacefully until the plane overcomes the heavenly miles. Knowing the parameters of Boing, location of the places and the most successful rows and positions of the seats, you can secure an amazing pastime.

Boeing Commercial Airplanes is one of the world leaders in the production of aircraft for passenger and freight trafficWorks in a hard competition with Airbus. The fruits of healthy competition is the release of new airliner models, such as Boing 787 Dreamliner. This wide-body aircraft with two jet engines is intended for transportation to 330 passengers. It is used for flights to long distances. Composite materials used in the production of a passenger liner have significantly improved its operational characteristics.

Modifications of Boeing 787.

In total, the drimineer has several modifications.

Boeing 787-3 should have been made by order of Japan for domestic flights, but then the Japanese refused to conclude a contract in favor of Modification 787-8. Latest version Boeing 787-10 was supplied by airlines in 2018.

The Boeing 787-9 fuselage is elongated by 6.5 m, and Boeing 787-10 is 11.5 m compared to the basic version.

Interesting! Boeing Business Jet based on the dirliner is mainly available for private orders. It is made without exterior coloring and interior interior. The design and equipment of the interior is ordered additionally from specialized companies.

Passenger Salon Plan

From the modification of the BOING depends on how much seating is inside the cabin. Salon scheme for basic version 787-8 includes:

• 36 business class places;
• 206 Economy Chairs.

Location of places in the ranks:

• in business class - 2-2-2;
• in economy class - 3-3-3.

Different airlines can change the layout of the cabin as desired. For example, to do for a business class scheme for rows 1-2-1, in economy class 2-4-2 or use a classroom salon.

Business Class

In the privileged compartment, comfortable chairs are installed with the ability to lay out before the position of the bed, each place is a semi-fold, and they are located in the shape of a Christmas tree.

The places of 1.3 and 6 rows can be considered uncomfortable, as they are near the utility rooms and the toilet, and the 6th row - with the economy class. Toilet plum noise is reduced, but the frequent movement of passengers and staff, the inclusion of light, the sound when opening-closing doors can interfere with a full-fledged holiday.

Economy class

Twinking comfortable chairs with a standard distance between them provide an acceptable level of comfort.

The best economy places, many consider the seats of the 7th row and the 26th, where there are more space before the seats. But some do not like that the food tables are located in armrests. Rows may not coincide in different versions of the interior of the cabin. For passengers of the 25th and 37th row, the noise of the kitchen and toilet may seem unacceptable. The 38th row is closed as early as partitions with a review limit. However, there are no completely uncomfortable places in the plane, everyone chooses in their preferences.

General characteristics of the internal interior

When creating the internal space of the DRIMLINer, the latest developments were applied, reflected on the increase in the comfort of passengers:

1. Shelves for baggage from new Boeing are increased by a third of the previous generations aircraft. They are arranged so that they take at least a place above their heads.
2. The ceiling is made in the form of the arch, which visually increases the space and allows himself to feel more comfortable.
3. LED lighting changes color shades on different flight stages. Blue light gives ceiling feeling transparency, sky effect at the top.
4. At the portholes significantly increased dimensions. Classic curtains removed, instead of them there is an electronic dimming system, changing the transparency of the glass. Even with bright sunlight, the interior backlight style is saved. The dimming is performed centrally and individually, buttons at the porthole. Fully transparency of glass does not disappear. In the toilet, the curtain on the porthole is present.
5. The microclimate system supports air humidity.
6. Every place has an individual display to view flight information, watching movies, video games. On board works WiFi. An individual socket will help in time to recharge the mobile device.
7. Toilets have become more spacious. If you deploy a common partition between two toilets, a wheelchair is placed there.

Interesting! The proposed meals on board the dyrimaline is distinguished by a variety and high taste of dishes.

Operational characteristics and advantages of liner

Boing 787-8.

Main technical specifications Boing 787 Dreamliner (Basic version 787-8)

Boing 787-9

For the Boing 787-9 model, all sizes are identical except length. It is 63 m.

Boing 787-10.

The length of the aircraft - 68.27 m. The remaining dimensions are similar to the model 787-8

Benefits of Boeing 787.

The new Boeing has indisputable advantages, which distinguishes it from all the previously produced aircraft:

1. The shooting of swallowing wings bend variablely, it provides an increase in lifting force.
2. Using the elongated fuselage increased passenger capacity.
3. Specially designed new engines significantly reduced the noise background (by 20%). This is noted by all air passengers who have already completed the battle on the drimineer.
4. The baggage department was half spacious because of the flat bottom of the fuselage.
5. Less fuel consumption.
6. The weight of the aircraft will decrease due to the use of composite materials.
7. In the pilot cabin, the image from the working monitors is projected onto the windshield for ease of reading parameters, sensors measuring turbulence and other additional equipment are installed.

Interesting! The latest testing of the infrared scanning device passes, using which the clouds will not interfere with the pilots for a good review.

The newest electronic system is installed on board the dreymliner. Information about the operating parameters of the aircraft and other data are displayed on the display. During the flight process, it is collecting data on the operation of structural components and aggregates and is automatically transmitted to ground operators. By landing the liner, there is no need to diagnose, you can immediately start maintenance.

Constructive features Boing 787

Engines

Drimlinener engine is manufactured by two different companies. If necessary, you can replace one on the other, since the connection is performed according to the same scheme. Reducing the produced noise helps for the first time invented design of the gondola for engines. This is achieved by installing chevron-teeth in the rear region of the gondola, due to which the jet jet is mixed with air smoothly.

Composite materials

Wide use of carbon composite materials led to a decrease in weight liner and, as a result, reduced fuel consumption. Half of composites are used in the manufacture of the cabin, the entire working part of the engine consists of them, with the exception of the main edge of the metal.

Interesting! The pressure inside the cabin made of composites with greater elasticity is in accordance with 1.8 km high (aircraft with an aluminum fuselage - 2.4 km).

Wings

Skilovoid wings have a large length relative to other liners of this class, which provides increased elasticity. Electrical equipment against icing, closure mechanisms are designed by a common block. This reduces the ability to failures and simplifies maintenance.

Salon

The microclimate system is organized by an innovative way. The air fence occurs not from the engines, followed by cooling and supplying to the salon, and is injected with compressors from the external surrounding space. Inside the natural humidity.

Energy System

Electricity consumption on board has increased significantly. Power supply liner provide 7 generators and 2 batteries of lithium-ion batteries. One battery is used when finding an airplane on Earth, when the generators are stopped. Additional feature - emergency power supply in flight in the event of a refusal of all generators. Another feeds auxiliary systems and serves to start engines.

History of Boeing 787

At the end of the 1990s, a popular Boeing 767 became increasingly not to meet modern requirements. The innovative developments of the Airbus concern allowed the aircraft of the European aircraft enterprise concern to get competitors. We needed a new long-haul liner, which would consume less fuel than all existing and preceding aircraft and had a high speed. Fuel economy was supposed to achieve a decrease in flight duration.

By calling a new airliner Boeing Sonic Cruiser, aircraft manufacturers have begun to develop a project. After the terrorist attacks of 2001, in the United States and the subsequent growth of oil prices, it turned out that fuel economy enters the fore. The technical complexity of the Sonic Cruiser and the high cost of the project forced him to stop.

In April 2004, the beginning of the new project 7E7 was officially announced. The developments of aviation engineers of the previous version are preserved, the best of them moved to 7e7. A year later, the project changed the name on the Boing 787 Dreamliner.

The first test of the Drimlinener in flight was scheduled for 2007, but suppliers of some nodes did not fulfill their obligations. As a result, flight tests of the aircraft took place in the winter of 2009

The first flight for testing in real operating conditions liner made between Seattle and Tokyo in the summer of 2011, then the Japanese weekly tests continued. After 2 months, Drimline was certified, and in October 2011, first took on board of passengers in Japan.

Interesting! In January 2013, Boing 787 flights were suspended by a joint decision of the European Security Agency and Federal Office civil aviation USA. Official reason - Prove the safety of lithium-ion batteries. In April, the commercial exploitation of the aircraft resumed.

Place of production

The main and the very first plant of the aircourt of Boeing is located in Seattle. But the company has enterprises and other cities. BOING 787 DREAMLINER is decided to produce in Everette (Washington) and at the new enterprise in North Charlestone (South Carolina). Accessories supply partners from many countries of the world.

Interesting! Before the production of new aircraft in North Charlestone in 2011, the wave of trade union strikes against this decision rolled. Trade unions believed that production was transferred to the punishment for previous strikes, due to which the delivery times were not met. Subsequently, the conflict was settled by the promise to accommodate the new Boeing 737MAX in Seattle.

Operators companies

As of autumn 2017, the dirimliner of different modifications exploit 43 aviation companies and 19 more expect supplies, including Aeroflot. According to latest news The Russian airline refuses the acquisition, and the contract is transferred to Rostech, which will look for the buyer.

Company	Number, pcs.
Aeroméxico (Mexico)	6
AIR AUSTRAL (Australia)	2
Air Canada (Canada)	30
Air China (China)	11
Air Europa (Spain)	8
Air France-KLM (France-Holland)	2
Air India (India)	27
Air New Zealand (New Zealand)	10
Alc	5
ALL NIPPON AIRWAYS (JAPAN)	62
American Airlines (USA)	32
Avianca (Colombia)	12
Azerbaijan Airlines (Azerbaijan)	2
British Airway (United Kingdom)	25
BUSINESS JET / VIP	7
China Southern Airlines (China)	10
Cit Leasing Corporation.	7
Ethiopian Airlines (Ethiopia)	16
ETIHAD AIRWAYS (UAE)	18
Hainan Airlines (China)	20
ILFC (USA)	51
Japan Airlines (Japan)	35
KENYA AIRWAYS (Kenya)	9
Korean Air (South Korea)	5
Latam Airlines (Chile)	18
LOT (Poland)	8
MG Aviation Limited	4
Norwegian Air Shuttle (Norway)	6
Oman Air (Oman)	2
Privatair (Switzerland)	1
Qantas (Australia)	12
Qatar Airways (Qatar)	30
Royal Air Maroc (Morocco)	5
Royal Brunei Airlines (Brunei)	4
ROYAL JORDANIAN (Jordan)	3
SAUDI ARABIAN AIRLINES (Saudi Arabia)	8
Scoot (Singapore)	15
TUI (Thailand)	15
UNITED AIRLINES (USA)	31
UZBEKISTAN AIRWAYS (Uzbekistan)	2
Vietnam Airlines (Vietnam)	8
Virgin Atlantic (United Kingdom)	14
XiaMenair (China)	10
Anonymous customers	5

The cost of various models

Significant funds were spent on the development of a new Boeing. Despite the solid price, the airline is happy to buy a drimliner.

Development prospects

The Yellowston Concern Boeing Concern for the replacement of outdated civil aircraft in terms of a long-haired aircraft is considered to be completed. Project work is being underway on superfluous models.

But Drimliner continues to be improved. In 2016, the tests of the new engine for Boing 787 were started, the Trent 1000 TEN version with an increased burden. Sensors and systems continue to be finalized. The main forces are focused on testing a new modification of 787-10, whose start of supply was scheduled for 2018.

The release of Boing 787 Dreamliner has opened new horizons for civilian aircraft using innovative technologies and materials. Technical innovations used in Boeing 787, for many years ahead will become basic to develop new models. The commercial success of the project confirms the correctness of the chosen direction.

Boeing. 787 Dreamliner.- This is the new generation plane, which was developed instead of Boeing 767.In the present, many airlines of the world have already replenished their aircraft Boeing 787. Unfortunately, Russian airlines have no opportunity to offer flights on this aircraft with their passengers. However, such airlines have fallen in customer lists, as well as. So what is the superiority of a new far-haul liner you will learn in our article.

Boeing. 787 (Boeing 787) History

Boeing 787.Dreamliner (Boeing 787 DreamLineer)- is the broad-sighted two-limit distant jet passenger aircraft developed by the American Boeing Concern in April 2004, instead of the Boeing Aircraft Model 767. Initially, the project of production and development Boeing 787.Dreamliner.due to 7e7. The first showing of the Boeing 787 aircraft was carried out on July 8, 2007 at the factory in Everett, Washington, USA. However, the first test flight took place only on December 15, 2009. Certification Boeing 787.passed on August 26, 2011. Development Boeing 787.Dreamliner.he was carried out in conjunction with foreign companies, including with the participation of Russian companies.

As of March 2016, the year is made 393 Boeing 787 units.

All orders from airlines have entered 1,139 units.

Sales programBoeing 787.Dreamliner.Mounted until 2030, produce 3300 units.

Boeing. 787 (Boeing 787) Benefits and Disadvantages

• Superior to the use of fuel compared to previous Boeing models
• The sweatshirt of the wings with variable bending of the ending increases the lifting force by 2% compared with Boeing 767
• The luggage compartment by 45% allows you to accommodate luggage more compared to Boeing 767
• The noise level is reduced by 60% due to the establishment of a new generation engine
• The model is easier and stronger due to the manufacture of carbon-based fuselage materials
• The pilot cabin is fully updated, the projection indicators are installed, two screens for each pilot, sensors for measuring turbulence and a signal is sent to the installation of the aileron deviation angles
• By increasing the length of the fuselage increased passenger capacity
• Changed the supervision of the salon, which is more comfortable to be passengers when flying aboard.

What is the construction of the aircraft Boeing 787.Dreamliner.

• 20% aluminum
• 5% titanium
• 50% composites (carbon fibers)
• 10% steel
• 5% Other

04/23/2016 A disfect in an engine that requires urgent repairs and replacement in 176 aircraft is established.

What is the price of the aircraft Boeing. 787 (Boeing 787)?

Want to buy Boeing 787., then this is the information for you:

• Boeing 787 -8.cost from $ 218.3 million
• Boeing 787-9, Cost from $ 257.1 million
• Boeing 787-10cost from $ 297.5 million US dollars

Russian airlines that exploit Boeing. 787 (Boeing 787) as of 09/25/2014

As of September 25, 2014, there are no Russian airlines of operators. However, contract contracts are concluded Boeing 787.Dreamliner.next russian airlines:

• in the amount of 22 units of the model Boeing 787-8
• in the amount of 4 units of the model Boeing 787-8

Also in customers have airline CIS countries, such as:

• Azerbaijani Airlines (Azal) in the amount of 2 units of the model Boeing 787-8
• Air.Astana.in the amount of 3 units of the model Boeing 787-8
• Uzbekistan.Airways.in the amount of 2 units of the model Boeing 787-8

Basic airline operators Boeing. 787 (Boeing 787)

• Air India.
• All Nippon Airways.
• Airlines.
• Japan. Airlines.
• Ethiopian Airways.
• United Air Airlines.
• Lot. Polish Airlines.
• Lan Airlines.
• Thomson Airways.
• Airways.
• Hainan. Airlines.

Boeing. 787 (Boeing 787) Modifications (Models)

Boeing 787.Dreamliner.it has 4 following modifications:

• Boeing 787-3.- There is a first basic model that should have become a replacement of Boeing 767 with a passenger capacity of 296 people and a maximum range of 6500 km. However, the option is not performed.

• Boeing 787-8 - Model with passenger capacity up to 250 people with a range of 15700 km. It was the replacement of Boeing 767-300ER.

• Boeing 787-9 -the model has a fuselage longer than 7.5 meters of the previous model with an enlarged range of up to 16,299 km and the maximum passenger capacity up to 290 people.
• Boeing 787-10- a model with an increased passenger capacity up to 330 people due to the extended fuselage with a maximum flight range of 13 thousand km. The aircraft was presented in 2013 at the aviation exhibition in Le Bourget and implies to replace Boeing 777-200, Boeing 777-200ER and competitor Airbus A350-1000. The beginning of the first production model is scheduled in 2017.

Boeing. 787 (Boeing 787) Scheme and Photo of the Salon

Boeing. 787 (Boeing 787) Specifications

№	Specifications	Boeing 787-3.	Boeing 787-8	Boeing 787-9	Boeing 787-10
	Fuselage Length (meter)	55,5	55,5		68,9
	Cruising speed (number of moving)
	engine's type		2 x Rolls-Royce Trent 1000 or 2 x GE GENX	2 x Rolls-Royce Trent 1000 or 2 x GE GENX	2 x RR TENT 1x88-77 or 2 x GE GENX
	Cargo Capacity (Ton)
	Maximum take-off weight (ton)	263,5	216,5	244,9	244,9
	Flight range with full loading (km.)	6500	15699	16299	13000
	Wing scope (meter)	51,6	58,8
	Passenger capacity (person)	290-330	210-250	250-290	300-330
	Height (meter)	16,5	16,5	16,5	16,5
	Fuselage diameter (meter)	5,77	5,77	5,77	5,77
	Salon width (meter)	5,49	5,49	5,49	5,49
	Service ceiling (meter)	13000	13000	13000	13000
	Fuel supply (liter)	124700	124700	138700	145685

Accidents and disasters Boeing. 787 (Boeing 787)

In the whole story from the date of creation of the first Boeing 767.and to the present (09/25/2014), the disaster and accidents were not.

However, in 2013, the flights of the current Boeing 787 were suspended due to the following incidents that did not entrust the death of people and violations of the aircraft designs.

№	incident	date	cause
	test flight	23.12.2009	malfunction of the chassis release system
	forced landing at Mouuses Lake Airport, Washington USA	19.02.2010	sharp reduction of thrust in one of the engines
	test flight, forced landing at Loreedo Airport, Tihas, USA	10.11.2010	smoke in the passenger compartment
	landing at the airport, Japan	06.11.2011	invalid triggering of the hydraulic valve operation sensor
	cancellation of Okayama - Tokyo	05.09.2012	the appearance of white smoke from the left engine
	forced landing at London Airport, United Kingdom	14.12.2012	the problem in the electrical system is detected by a defect
	Airport in Boston, United States	07.01.2013
	Airport in Boston, United States	08.01.2013	fuel leakage
	Tokyo Airport, drop	09.01.2013	brake system malfunction
	miyazaki Airport, Japan	11.01.2013	oil leak in the left engine
	matsuyama Airport, Japan	11.01.2013	frame formation on the windshield of pilots cockpit
	narita Airport, Tokyo, Japan	13.01.2013	fuel leakage
	emergency landing at Takamatsu Airport, Japan	16.01.2013	battery ignition
	Kuala Lumpur Airport, Malaysia	22.02.2016	emergency landing Due to problems with the right engines of the Nippon Airways airlines, which followed the flight Kuala Lumpur Tokyo. On board there were 203 passengers + 11 crew members-no one did not suffer
	Budapest Airport, Hungary	22.01.2015	emergency emergency landing due to problems with the right engines of the airline Eyre India (London-Mumbai flight) On board there were 227 passengers + 10 crew members-no one did not suffer
	Airport Otopen, Bucharest, Romania	09.07.2016	emergency emergency landing of the aircraft due to the problem in the engine airlines Air.ways (Oslo-Doha's flight). All 254 passengers on board were not injured

By the end of 2013, the shortcomings were corrected and flights resumed.

Boeing. 787 Dreamliner. - Family of wide-body long-haul airliners, developed by Boeing in the early 2000s. The first commercial airliner with a radically enlarged share of composite materials in the design. In addition, the aircraft is equipped with a variety of newest systems and elements that have significantly improved its flight and economic characteristics.

History

In the late 1990s, when Boeing actively promoted his newest liner - model 777, two other its wide-body liners were no longer the leaders of the industry. Boeing 747 and Boeing 767 quickly outdated and demanded either deep upgrades or a complete replacement. Both of these concepts began implementing in the early 2000th. The flagship of the line was to undergo modernization about the program 747x. Boeing 767 was to leave on peace by losing his place completely new and first of its kind transonic airliner Sonic Cruiser. With similar capacity indicators, a new aircraft should fly at speeds of about 1100 km / h, not overcoming the sound barrier, but still, much faster than the analogs. The Boeing 747x project was implemented very slowly, most airlines were satisfied with the old model 747-400, and As a new liner, many expected European A380. An Sonic Cruiser was enjoyed in great interest, which promoted great benefits to operators.

However, the events of the early XXI century did not give the project to bloom. After the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, the air transportation market was squeezed, and the prices for oil, which means that the aviation fuel rose sharply. Speed \u200b\u200bcharacteristics of liners were no longer so important in comparison with the characteristics of their fuel consumption. Sonic Cruiser flew much faster, but quite high fuel consumption killed him. In 2002, the project was officially closed. However, many developments and technologies were not forgotten: literally in a month, in 2003, Boeing announced the 7E7 program. The project assumed the creation of a classic modern aircraft, but using Sonic Cruiser technologies. The idea of \u200b\u200ba new project was to create a long-haul and very economical small liner, allowing you to fly in small airports, without working with hubs. In fact, it was the continuation of the idea of \u200b\u200bBoeing 767 in the conditions of the XXI century.

The 7E7 project can sometimes be seen with the Y2 index. It is the first implementation of a large-scale Boeing Yellowstone Project program, which provides for the update of the entire line of aircraft. At the same time, the letter E in the index is usually explained by the words with Efficient or Environmentally friendly, or just EIGHT (the letter was replaced with a number 8). In the summer of 2003, following the results of a large-scale competition, the company chose the name Dreamliner (the leaders were also variants: Eliner, Global Cruiser and Stratoclimber).

In 2004, the Japanese airline All Nippon Airways (Ana) became the starting customer, signing a contract for 50 aircraft with the start of deliveries already in 2008. Initially, the contract was supposed to post 30 liner 787-3, with a capacity of 290-330 passengers in a classroom layout (for local transportation), and 20,787-8 - long-haul 210-250 local aircraft in a 2-class layout (for long-range flights to Denver, New - Mosk and Moscow). Models 787-3 and 787-8 were to be basic, model 787-9 was supposed to appear several years later.

Boeing 787 became the first aircraft, the founding section of the fuselage of which is a monolithic composite part, and not by the connection of aluminum sheets (with other advantages, it made it possible to refuse, about 50 thousand rivets used in conventional structures). Rolls-Royce Trent 1000 and General Electric Genx engines were selected as the power plant. According to the calculations of the developers, the aircraft was to be 20% more efficient than the model 767. At the same time, the far-haul modes 787-8 and 787-9 were supposed to have an ETOPS 330 certificate, which allows one engine to continue the flight within 5.5 hours.

By 2005, Boeing 787 had a portfolio of orders for 237 liners. Moreover, Boeing offered the model -8 for only $ 120 million, which seemed almost a price dampig. True, in 2007, aircraft, nevertheless, began to rise and added $ 30-40 million to the initial cost.

Production cooperation

In 2003, it was decided that the final liner assembly would be carried out at the Boeing plant in Everette. A feature of the new production is to minimize the volume of manufacturing on the factory itself. Boeing has significantly expanded the capabilities of its contractors who could now make quite complex and large prefabricated design elements. This greatly simplified the production line in Everette, reduced the time of manufacture, and only about 1,200 people took the final assembly (approximately the same people work at the production of SSJ 100 liners in Komsomolsk-on-Omore). Despite the many problems at the initial stage of project implementation, in the future, this scheme began to justify itself.

The Boeing 787 Contractor Network is considered one of the most branched and complex in the history of aviation:

• Central and Wing Console - Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (Japan)
• Horizontal Tail Operation - Alenia Aermacchi (Italy) and Korea Aerospace Industries (Republic of Korea)
• Fuselage Sections - Global Aeronautica (Italy), Kawasaki Heavy Industries (Japan), Spirit Aerosystems (USA), Korean Air (Republic of Korea)
• Passenger Doors - Latecoere (France)
• Freight Doors, Interior Salon Doors - Saab AB (Sweden)
• Software - HCL Enterprise (India)
• Floor beams - Tal Manufacturing Solutions (India)
• Cable Network - Labinal (France)
• Wing ending, wing mechanization fairings, chassis sash, spars - Korean Air (Republic of Korea)
• Chassis - Messier-Bugatti-Dowty (France / United Kingdom)
• The power system management complex, air conditioning system - Hamilton Sundstrand (USA).

To increase the speed of supplying parts from geographically remote suppliers, Boeing modified 4 liner model 747-400. These aircraft, known as the Boeing 747LCF DREAMLIFTER carry wings, fuselage sections and other overall elements of aircraft to the plant in Everette for the final assembly.

It is especially worth noting the huge role of Japan in the project. In fact, for 2017, about 35% of all elements and systems of Boeing 787 is manufactured in Japan, in particular, almost all liner wing makes Mitsubishi Heavy Industries. Japanese specialists participated in the development of a liner, and Boeing did not save well on significant tax breaks from Tokyo.

Description:Boeing 787 Dreamliner. History and description of the dream liner

The final assembly of the first prototypes was launched in Everette in 2007. The firm has problems with the calculations of the mass when assembling the first aircraft. The first 6 liners were 2.3 tons harder than expected. This trial was solved by the optimization of the design and the replacement of part of steel parts titanium (in 2015, Boeing reduced the amount of titanium applied to reduce the cost of production).

Nevertheless, despite all optimization, the huge demand for model 787 forced the Boeing to increase the release plan. Due to the fact that the plant in Elerethea reached its maximum sizes, the company had to find another platform for the plant. In 2009, Boeing found a suitable platform in South Carolina in Charleston.

Flight tests

In July 2007, the first prototype of the Boeing 787 was the rigging ceremony at the plant in Everette. At that time, the liner had contracts for 677 units, which was a record among wide-body commercial liners. However, at the time of the rollout, the liner was not suitable for flights - many systems were not yet installed or launched.

With the preparation for flights in the liner there were serious problems. The solution of difficulties with suppliers, coordination of the characteristics of elements and systems, as well as preparing for the beginning of the flights from Boeing has taken a lot of time. Seeing this, as well as facing permanent delivery transfer, some customers have begun to demand compensation.

The difficulties were also caused by a huge number of innovation on the plane, which means a much more complex test and certification program. Boeing and partners paid a lot of attention to research characteristics of composite elements of the aircraft. At first it was not known how these elements would behave in the case of critical loads, long-term use, and a number of scientists were also afraid that in the event of a fire, new composite elements will begin to distinguish toxic gases.

In 2007, the new Rolls-Royce Trent 1000 engine was certified. Six months, the certificate was received by the General Electric Genx-1B engine. Soon, the engines began to set on airplanes for testing power systems.

In 2009, the first fully assembled prototype passed the test for imitation of flight to test all systems. The characteristics were satisfactory, however, the weight of the weight of the liner over the planned (almost 8%) led to a reduction in flight range to 12,800 km (the indicator was planned about 15,000 km). This led to the fact that some airlines began to abandon the supply of first liners, expecting when Boeing decides the problem of the advantage in the following series.

Finally, in December 2009 (with a lag from the original schedule for 2 years), Boeing 787 Dreamlier made the first test flight from the Paine Field of the plant in Everette.

The flight test program included 6 aircraft: 4 with Trent 1000 and 2 engines with GENX-1B64 engines. The flights were deployed to the full plan after the completion of the fulty test of the wing: it stood up the load 150% exceeding the maximum saturative and was not collapsed (while the wing was curved by 7.6 meters from the rest position).

The first international display of the aircraft was the Farnborough Farnborough Airshow. At that time, it was stated that the first liner would be transferred to the Japanese Ana in 2011. At the same time, to speed up the tests in the group of test aircraft included 2 more boards.

In November 2010, one of the prototypes committed forced landing In Texas, due to the smoke of the cabin and the threat of a fire. It turned out that the ignition of electricians in one of the compartments was caused by foreign objects. After the modification of electricians and software, flights were resumed.

In the process of testing, problems with new systems were constantly detected. This led to transport shifts. By 2011, Boeing has not yet completed the certification of liners. By the summer of Boeing and Airlines, Ana held a joint trial tour of one of the liners - the plane made 1707 flights and visited 14 countries around the world.

Boeing 787-8 with Rolls-Royce engines received certificates from FAA and EASA in August 2011. Certification launched 18 months - twice as long as the initial plan.

Start of operation

At the time of completion of Certification, Boeing has prepared production lines at the plants in Everette and Charleston. It was assumed that they would be able to produce 10 liners per month, however, the company had problems with local trade unions regarding the working conditions of personnel (extension of production from 2 to 10 liners per month tightened working conditions), which led to the delay in production. The first Boeing 787 left the plant in South Carolina in the spring of 2012.

In December 2011, one of the prototypes made a test flight to the maximum distance from Everette in Dhaka (Bangladesh). The plane flew 19,830 kilometers. It was a range of range for liners of the size of the 787th (he broke the A330 record - 16 903 km). Aacolute record for commercial liners remained for Boeing 777 - 21 602 km.

The first serial 787th was transferred to Ana Airline in September 2011. A few weeks later, the plane began to perform commercial flights from Tokyo to Hong Kong. Tickets for the first flight were sold at the auction and the most expensive of them was sold for $ 34 thousand. Far-Flight Flights from Tokiv to Frankfurt began to be performed in 2012.

According to the results of the first period of operation, ANA stated that the airliner with Trent 1000 engines burns by 21% less fuel than Boeing 767-300ER. Later, on the basis of operation in United Airlines, they calculated that in the case of one passenger seat, the liner turns out to be 6% more economical than A330.

Soon, the next problem was revealed. The new APS5000 auxiliary installation was more economical than all analogues, but, as it turned out, it was quite heated with long work at the airport. In the history of cases, it was unnoticed, but, as it turned out, in the case of flights to small distances, the VSU did not have time to cool and overheated when repeatedly started. However, this problem was rapidly solved by the design modification and the change in ground procedures.

There were no problems on this. In 2012, a lot of failures in the work of the GENX engines were revealed because of which some time the aircraft with this power plant did not fly. In 2014, after changing the process of manufacturing composite elements, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries revealed errors in production, which could lead to the appearance of microcracks in the constructs of the wing. As a result, 42 not yet delivered aircraft were carried out through the procedures for checking and corrected defect. The problem was solved, but the planes were behind the delivery schedule for several weeks.

Nevertheless, general indicators of reliability of liners continued and, by 2015 reached an indicator of 98.5% (at the beginning of operation, it was about 96%). In 2013, aircraft were conducted in the air for 5 hours, and by 2014 already 12. In 2017, reliability reached 99.3%.

At the same time, the airline, seeing that the liner is most effective at distant distances began to put it on flights of the maximum range, which were previously served by large aircraft: Lockheed L1011, Boeing 747 and Airbus A340. Being smaller with aircraft, Boeing 787, however, turned out to be much more flexible and effective.

By the summer of 2017, Boeing put 565 liners: 340 models -8 and 225 models -9. 39 airlines use these liners by 983 routes around the world. The aircraft is also used on a record-ranking flight of Perth (Australia) - London (United Kingdom) QAntas airlines with a length of 14,499 kilometers.

Market and production costs

The cost of the program 787 Dreamliner is estimated at $ 32 billion. It is assumed that the program will pay off after delivery, approximately 1100-1200 aircraft.

The production plan involves achieving a pace of 14 units of allocating (168 per year) by 2019. By this time, Boeing will manage to reduce costs by increasing the volume and optimization of business processes, as well as increase the delivery value of the liners. It is assumed that an income margin from the sale of each aircraft will be about 30% (20% in 737 and 25% in 777). At the same time, a number of experts believe that Boeing is not able to significantly improve the economy of two factories located at different ends of the United States, and competition with A350 and A330NEO will not significantly increase the cost of liners.

Design

Boeing 787 is a wide-body long-haul airliner, equipped with two engines. Being, on a general design, a classic modern airliner, it includes many newest solutions, significantly improved its flight and economic indicators.

The main innovation is the broader use of composite materials. About 50% of the dry mass of the aircraft - composites, 20% are aluminum alloys, 15% are titanium alloys, 10% steel and, about 5% other materials.

Aluminum is used, mainly in the front edges of the wing, tail plumage and engines. Titanium is used in fastenings of pylons and in engines, while part of the power elements is made of steel. Most of the glider is made of carbon composites and fiberglass.

The distinguishing external features of the new liner can be called the omitted nose, advanced entertainment of the wing and motorging ridges and motorcycle rates with pyline chevron. The design is designed for flights at speeds of about 900 km / h on standard commercial heights of 12-13 km.

Flight systems

The main feature of the Boeing 787 side complex is a completely new electrician architecture, primarily climate control. Unlike other passenger aircraft, where air for feeding to the salon is selected from the engines, in the 787th air is supplied with compressors from the environment. This made it possible to significantly remove the extra load from the engines and increase their efficiency. The electrical system, a total capacity of 1.45 MW, is actively used in the drives of stabilizers, engine start systems and brakes. In addition, the anti-icing system was also replaced - instead of a flux of hot air, the ice is thawed with special heating elements.

The plane is equipped with New automated system Stabilization of flight in turbulence conditions. This Nova system is for civil aviation, although quite a long time was created to stabilize B-2 Spirit bombers.

Boeing 787 has a full-fledged electrodistant control complex (Fly-BY-WIRE). Being significantly upgraded, it is actually a legacy of a similar complex at Boeing 777.

The cabin of pilots of the aircraft is completely new and significantly different from the analogues of the preying generation. The interface is five large multifunctional LCD displays, as well as two ILS-displays already in the basic configuration (ILC was previously offered as an option). What is interesting, similar cabins developed by Rockwell Collins for Boeing 787 in various modifications are also applied to MS-21, COMAC C919 and some other new aircraft, as well as displays and ILS from this cockpit are installed on ORION spacecraft created by Lockheed Martin and NASA. The classical solution in the new cabin remained the steering wheel - it does not pass on the sid-stick Boeing.

The main providers of the Avionics of the new liner are Honeywell, Rockwell Collins and Thales.

To ensure a significantly increased information flow, the Ethernet complex of the ARINC 664 standard is used. Moreover, part of this network is used to connect passengers to the Internet in flight. In 2008, FAA stated his concerns that passengers would be able to intervene in the work of the liner systems, however, Boeing eliminated such risks as the passenger network is physically separated from the systems protected by special protocols of the aircraft.

Energosystem

Despite the refusal to connect the climate of the cabin from the aircraft engines, it is worth dispelled by the mind that Boeing 787 is powered exclusively from lithium-ion batteries. Increased energy consumption also increased the need for workout. The power system of the liner has 17 generators at once: 2 in engines, 2 emergency in Armed Forces and 1 at an emergency turbine.

Lithium-ion batteries of the aircraft of the aircraft supplies the Japanese Corporation GS Yuasa. The battery pack is made up of two batteries weighing 28.5 kg. The first battery is the main one, it is used to ensure the power supply of the aircraft on Earth, if the engines and the Armed Forces are disabled, as well as in emergency mode, can provide an energy aircraft when refusing all seven aircraft generators (which is practically impossible). The second battery is used to start the engines if the VSU is disabled, as well as supports the operation of auxiliary systems.

The use of lithium-ion batteries made it possible to simplify the regulation and increase the efficiency of the power system. It is worth noting that innovation is the use of lithium-ion batteries, and not by itself the idea of \u200b\u200bbatteries. For example, a similar battery pack has long been used on Boeing 777, but nickel-cadmium batteries are used there, which are harder, larger and have less power. Lithium-ion batteries are more efficient and previously used by the firm in its space business. Nevertheless, despite the advantages, lithium-ion batteries have the disadvantages, first of all, the risks of overheating and fire, which was a problem for Boeing 787 several times.

Composite materials

Boeing 787 - the first commercial airliner, which received a composite fuselage, wing and a large number of Blood elements. In each aircraft, about 35 tons of carbon polymers are used. The advantage of this material is higher strength at a smaller mass in comparison with metal alloys. In addition, higher strength made it possible to optimize the construction of the liner and improve its aerodynamic characteristics.

Most of the technologies for creating composite elements were still developed when developing a Sonic Cruiser transonic liner, as well as when developing the RAH-66 COMANCHE helicopter (in it, the proportion of composites reached 60%).

The problem of such large-scale use of composites is the insufficient experience of its use in a number of structures. For example, in contrast to metals, carbon composites show very poorly damage or consequences of material fatigue, which is estimated as the risk of late detection of problems. When creating the A350 XWB liner, the airbus concern also actively used the composites, but did not distribute them to a number of important elements of the structure, the enjoyment conservatively, but reducing the risks. Also, a number of specialists express concerns that in case of damage to the fuselage, its solid elements will be easier to collapse, and in the event of a fire, the composites will be released toxic gases.

Nevertheless, it is worth emphasizing, perhaps, intermediate dramatization of problems. Composite materials were never used on such a scale, but, nevertheless, they are not innovation in aviation and the experience of their application does not confirm many concerns. To ensure, Preventive Boeing Risk Controls have somewhat expanded after-sales service programs (procedures are known as 787 Goldcare).

Engines

Boeing 787 is equipped with two engines of traction. Optionally, customers can choose General Electric Genx-1B models or Rolls-Royce Trent 1000. Motor thrust ranges from 28.5 to 34.7 vehicles depending on the aircraft modification.

Among the main innovations, the absence of an air selection system, a fulfilled noise combat complex, as well as the presence of two generators at once in each engine.

To reduce the noise, Boeing applied the operation of a number of research programs previously conducted with NASA. In the design of the engines, new, more efficient sound-absorbing materials are made, as well as, of course, new, sawn chevrons, providing mildly mixing the jet jet with the surrounding atmosphere. Due to this, the noise level from the airports in the airport zone rarely exceeds 80-85 dB, which, on average, 10 dB is less than that of Boeing 767 and Airbus A330 (despite the fact that the 787th is the hardest in the class and their engines are more powerful ).

But even with so many innovations, the engines continue to develop. In 2016, Rolls-Royce began flight tests of Trent 1000 TEN engines. This engine is an improved version of the Trent 7000 engine from A330NEO (which is an improved version of Trent XWB from A350, which, in turn, is an improved version of the Basic Trent 1000 from Boeing 787 such a cycle of engines in nature). Models 1000 TEN will have craving to 35.7 vehicles.

Interior

The Boeing 787 salon width is 5.5 meters, which is significantly larger than the Boeing 767 interior width (4.72 m) and, already close to the Boeing 777 salon (5.84 m). In the environment of competitors, the cabin is superior to A330 (5.28 m), but is inferior to A350 (5.61 m).

Salons of liners have very wide opportunities for customization, so different airlines can be different from different airlines. Schemes of seating may have variations: 1-2-1, 2-2-2, 2-3-2 in business class, and 3-2-3, 2-4-2, 3-3-3 in economy class. Step chairs is from 46 to 61 inches (120-150 cm) in the first grade, from 36 to 39 inches (91-99 cm) business class, and from 32 to 34 inches (81-86 cm) in economy class. 32 inches Economy Standard for most airlines.

The most profitable and popular for airlines is the scheme 3 + 3 + 3 in economy class. Similar schemes are used on Boeing 777 and Airbus A350, but due to a narrower salon, such a scheme for Boeing 787 is considered cloth. So, if you are a tall and broad-sided person, traveling to distances on the liner of dreams in such a layout is unlikely to be a flight of dreams.

Boeing 787 poles are 27 per 47 cm sizes and are considered the largest among civil liners. This became possible thanks to the premits of a more rigid composite fuselage - it became possible to increase the portholes without additional strengthening of the structure. Another advantage of new portholes is the absence of a curtain: instead, electrochromatic glazing is used - particles are made to the glass of the porthole, capable of changing the degree of lighting during electrical exposure. In fact, passages can change the transparency of the portholes by pressing the button. Although completely opaque glass still does not become, so that the porthole in the Tulat does nevertheless left the curtain.

Another interior innovation is the complete absence of light bulbs. The lighting is answered by the LED-illuminator network. In general, such a technology in aviation is not new: as an option, such elements have long been put on Boeing 777 and some airbus liners, but now it is used more largely and implemented in the database. Lighting can change colors, which is useful for improving the level of comfort.

Despite the fact that Boeing abandoned the use of a classic air supply system turns, a new electrocompressor atmospheric system creates a pressure in the cabin, corresponding to height, about 1800 meters (most of the old aircraft salons have pressure, corresponding to an altitude of about 2-2.5 kilometers) . The humidity level in the cabin can be adjusted by the crew depending on the number of passengers, but on average, maintained at 15% (earlier the level of humidity was at levels about 4%). Many of these advantages the plane is again obliged to composite fuselage, which can withstand greater internal pressure and is not subject to corrosion. Also, of course, the quality of the inner atmosphere is maintained by a rather complex system of internal filters and air conditioners, and the absence of a classical system of air extraction system from the power plant eliminates the hire from engines to the salon.

Modifications

The first and basic version of the liner is model 787-8, which appeared in 2009. Later, in 2013, an extended version of 787-9 was created, and the largest version of 787-10 is followed, which is currently tested. In ICAO certification document, they are under the indexes B788, B789 and B78X.

Initially, Boeing assumed to create a rather modest in its characteristics, but a very economical liner model 787-3. It had to accommodate 290-330 passengers and fly at a distance of up to 5,650 kilometers. The plane was supposed to replace the Boeing 757-300 and Boeing 767-200, and to ensure the possibility of working with underdeveloped airfields it was assumed to reduce its wing span, replacing the crevice finisters by classical vingletes. However, such a small range turned out to be unbalanced by airlines and the advantages of the aircraft did not change this: by 2010 the operators replaced orders for the model -3 model -8 and the project was closed in favor of senior family aircraft.

Boeing 787-8- Basic option. The aircraft accommodates 242 passengers in a 2-class layout and 359 in one-class at the limit in 381. The flight distance at the standard layout is 13,621 kilometers. The aircraft is the smallest and easy in the family (unless, of course, 227.9 tons can be considered ease). Boeing 787-8 was introduced to the market in 2011 and came to replace Laineras Boeing 767 models 200r and -300er. The aircraft is quite popular, about a third of all orders falls on this version, and at the end of 2017 already 346 people fly in airline parks.

Boeing 787-9 - an enlarged option, which is now average in the family. The fuselage of the liner was elongated by 6.1 meters (62.81 versus 56.72 at the model -8). In addition, the plane has become harder to 26 tons (up to 254 tons). Capacity is 290 paszhirov in a two-class layout and 406 in one-class, at a limit of 420 people. The range of flight has slightly increased and reached 14 140 kilometers. What is interesting, the range increases managed to achieve not due to an increase in the amount of fuel, and by introducing a new system of active control of the borderline layer and improving aerodynamics of the liner. With all the similarity of the liners of models -8 and -9, these aircraft have a lot of constructive differences: the wing, the fuselage and many systems have been recycled and improved.

Boeing 787-9 is a replacement for the older in Boeing 767-400ER and a direct competitor to European Airbus A330. The aircraft took off for the first time in 2013, and in 2014 it was transferred to the starting closet - Airlines Air New Zealand. At the end of 2017, 254 liners of this model were delivered.

Boeing 787-10 He became the result of active lobbying by Emirates and Qantas. He was originally planned, but after creation, it turns out several outside of his niche, entering into competition with senior models: Airbus A350-900 and Boeing 777-200ER.

The fuselage of the aircraft was again elongated by 5.47 meters (68.28 against 62.81 at the model -9). Capacity has reached 330 passengers in 2 class layout at a maximum of 440 people. The amount of fuel in the tanks of the liner remained the same, so that an additional mass cost him a distance reduced to 11,908 km.

Constructive, model -10 is unobed with a model -9 by 95%, and the elongation of the fuselage was achieved by adding two sections in the front and tail of it. The chassis was also enhanced, and the engines were forced to traction at 34.7 TCs.

At the end of 2017, Boeing conducts certification tests in which 3 aircraft participates: 2 with engines Trent 1000 TEN and 1 with a forced GENX-1B engine. The assembly of aircraft will be held in Charleston, South Carolina. Deliveries will begin in early 2018.

Other modifications

By the beginning of 2020, Boeing involves the creation of several additional modifications of liners, including freight and special transports. In 2009, the company offered his newest aircraft as sides No. 1 and No. 2 of the United States Air Force for the transportation of senior officials, but the military, while preferred to use tested cars.

Exploitation

At the end of 2017, Boeing has a portfolio of orders for 1283 aircraft model 787 of which, by the summer of 2017, 565 are already supplied: 340 models -8 and 225 models -9. 39 airlines use these liners by 983 routes around the world. The aircraft is also used on a record-ranking flight of Perth (Australia) - London (United Kingdom) QAntas airlines with a length of 14,499 kilometers.

The largest operators are Ana (59), Japan Airlines (33), United Airlines (32) and Qatar Airways (30).

Problems in operation and incidents

At the end of 2017, Boeing 787 was not part of serious accidents or disasters that led to the destruction of the aircraft or the death of people. Nevertheless, being a completely new liner, which entered into a large number of new technologies, in the initial period of operation, the plane was subject to "childhood diseases".

At the beginning of operation, Ana and United Airlies airplanes sent several times on the Boeing checks due to problems with the fuel system (up to account) and electrician failures. Later, difficulties arose with sensors, onboard locators and aircraft engines. In 2016, when preparing for the flight from the Ethiopian Airlines airplane, there was a jamming and damage to the front chassis rack: the plane received small damage, and a flight attendant was injured in the cabin.

The most famous problem of Boeing 787 were accidents caused by new lithium-ion batteries. In 2013, when performing a flight on board the airline Ana, signs of fire appeared. The plane made a forced landing at Takamatsu airport and evacuated. The check showed that the ignition occurred in one of the battery packs. After some time, the same Samole happened to the airline jal airlines. At that time, these airlines operated 24 aircraft - half of all dirimliners. Soon, FAA issued a directive, withdrawn the entire Park Boeing 787 from exploitation until the causes of accidents are clarified.

After the investigation and testing it turned out that the resource of batteries in aircraft is about 52,000 flight hours, and not a million, as declared to Boeing. The reason for the accident was the lack of a lithium-ion scheme of the batteries - being more effective, they are also less stable and, in the case of violation of the operation mode, can light up, and the provided security measures were ineffective.

Schemes of batteries, systems of their security, as well as their production in Boeing in the Battery Manufacturer - Japanese GS Yuasa, were undergoing verification and revision. The idea of \u200b\u200breplacing lithium-ion batteries on nickel-cadmium was thrown off, as such battery packs would be larger and weighed three times more.

Companies have adopted additional security measures and upgraded battery packs. By the end of 2013, FAA conducted additional certification tests of liners and made changes to the operational documentation. Nevertheless, in Japan in 2014, in the process of maintenance, traces of overheating batteries, but, after the introduction of new equipment and maintenance methods, such incidents have ceased.

Characteristics of aircraft Boeing 787 Dreamliner

A type	farm harvest passenger aircraft
Modification	787-8	787-9	787-10
Power point	GE0 GENX-1B RR TENT 1000.
Traction engines	2 x 28.6 TC	2 x 32.6 TC	2 x 34.7 TC
Maximum number of passengers	242 (2 classes) 381 Maximum	290 (2 classes) 420 Maxim	330 (2 classes) 440 Maximum
Practical ceiling	13 100 M.
Range of flight	13,621 km	14 140 km	11 908 km
Maximum take-off mass	227.9 T.	254 T.	254 T.
Cruising speed	956 km / h t
Wingspan	60.12 M.
Length	56.72 M.	62.81 M.	68.28 M.
Height	17.02 M.

- A long-haired wide-body plane of a new generation, built on the replacement of the model 767. It is noteworthy that for the first time in the history of aircraft construction, the liner design by 50% consists of light composite materials.

History

In the late 1990s, sales of far-haul liners and began to fall, and Boeing began to consider the replacement program of these aircraft. The project, respectively, assumed the development of two new models: 747x - an extended and more fuel efficient version 747-400, as well as a futuristic concept of Sonic Cruiser, which could develop speed up to 0.98 m, while consuming fuel no more than 767 (for Account of shortened flight time). As a result, both projects were perceived by airlines cool.

On September 11, 2001, sad terrorist events in the United States marked the beginning of the aviation crisis and raising oil prices. The demand for air transportation has fallen significantly, and airlines needed new fuel efficient aircraft. The Sonic Cruiser project did not fit into new realities, and on February 20, 2002, Boeing officially announced his cancellation.

In January 2003, Boeing introduced a 7E7 two-link plane project based on Sonic Cruiser technologies. Also, the company announced that this liner would be the first in the framework of the new Yellowstone family.

Yellowstone

Yellowstone - Boeing project to replace the entire model range of civilian aircraft on high-tech models. New technologies implies: the use of composite materials in the design of the glider, the wider use of electrical systems instead of hydraulic, and more economical turbojet engines.

The Yellowstone program is divided into three types:

• Boeing Y1 is a project to replace aircraft, with a capacity of 100 to 200 passengers. Dedited to replace the model 737
• Boeing Y2 - Project for Replacement falnamelnoe aircraft 767. To date, completed and implemented by Boeing 787
• Boeing Y3 - a project to replace superdasal aircraft 777 and 747 with a passenger capacity from 300 to 600 people

Dreamliner.

In July 2003, Boeing held a competition for the best name for 787. About 500,000 people chose Dreamliner.

On April 26, 2004, the airline All Nippon Airways became the starting customer Dreamliner, ordered 50 aircraft, with delivery at the end of 2008.

Boeing 787 is an innovative product, since for the first time in history, the aircraft design was created from light composite materials, and not aluminum. Such a solution can significantly reduce the weight of the aircraft, which means it is cost-effective. The company promised that a new liner will consume 20% less fuel than Boeing 767. Also, compared with it, 787 will be 40% more efficient than using modern engines and advanced aerodynamic solutions to modern systems.

Cabin pilots

The air control is carried out using the electrodistant system (Fly-BY-WIRE). In general, the cab architecture is similar to Boeing 777.

Boeing 787 cabin is equipped with multifunction displays. The management system includes the so-called "electronic flight plan" - two screens (one for each pilot), on which the schemes of taxiing, landing and land map are displayed.

Also, by default, the cab is equipped with transparent indicators in front of the windshield (HUDS), which allow you to simultaneously see the instrument data and what is happening "outside the window."

Using the broadband radio communication channel in real time, the automatic diagnostic system sends data to the ground repair service. This system is able to independently predict the emergence of certain problems in the aircraft mechanisms, which promises to reduce the likelihood of delays and reduce the time spent on diagnostics and repair.

Passenger Salon

The Boeing 787-8 passenger salon is able to accommodate 296 passengers (in one-class configuration), 240 passengers (in a two-year configuration), 234 passengers (in a three-class configuration.

The width of the cabin is 5.5 meters, and wider 38 centimeters than the Airbus A330 and A340. The portholes in Boeing 787 are greater than in any other passenger aircraft (27x 47 cm). Instead of the usual plastic shutters, the portholes are equipped with electrochromic darkening in smart glass.

One of the amazing features of Boeing 787 is the lighting of the cabin. Everyone who has ever made a flight through several time zones, knows what it is to sleep in flight and be a woken by clicking the switch, after which the interior fills the fluorescent white light. LEDs in the dumping salon allow the crew to set up the lighting intensity in accordance with various flight phases.

The size of the toilets has increased. Now, by turning the partition between them, you can organize access for people in wheelchairs. The upper luggage shelves have become significantly more accomplished, and four suitcases with wheels can be placed on each of them, which is much larger than that of Boeing 767.

More elastic composite dymliner body allows maintaining pressure in the salon at a level corresponding to an altitude of 1800 m, whereas in the cabin of the usual aluminum passenger aircraft The pressure corresponds to a height of 2400 m.

Boeing 787 is equipped with an innovative smooth flight system (smoother Ride Technology), which provides comfort for passengers during turbulence. Boeing declares that this technology of a smooth flight will reduce the number of indicated passengers eight times. In the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe aircraft there are special sensors, catching changes in air pressure, and this is one of the signs of turbulence. Based on the testimony from the sensors, the computer system adjusts the position of the flapperon to suppress the vertical oscillation of the aircraft.

The supervision system of the salon is organized in a new way. Unlike other passenger aircraft, where air for supplying to the cabin is selected from the motors with a temperature of more than 600 degrees, passes through the coolers and enters the cabin, the air is supplied to the cabin with electrical compressors directly from the external environment. At the same time, the problem of insufficient humidity is removed. More humid air in the Dreamliner cabin provides the greatest comfort for passengers.

Modifications

Boeing 787-8 - basic modification. The length of 57 meters, the wing spacing of 60 meters, the maximum range of flights to 15,200 km. The aircraft is designed to replace 767-200ER and 767-300ER.

Boeing 787-9 - Modification with the extended fuselage and with a capacity of 250 to 290 passengers in a three-class cabin configuration. Flight range from 14,800 to 15.750 km. Boeing expects to replace this model 767-400ER. Deliveries in the airlines must begin in 2014.