City, Germany. Mentioned in 805 as the Magadoburg fortress, in 937 Magathaburg, modern. Magdeburg. Name from other top. German magath girl, maiden, probably as a pagan cult name (cf. other Saxons, ekmagadi nymphs, elves).... ... Geographical encyclopedia

Modern encyclopedia

- (Magdeburg), a city in the GDR, administrative center district of the same name. Founded at the beginning of the 9th century. Grew up around two parallel streets and the area of ​​the old bridge over the river. Elbe. Old city almost completely destroyed by Anglo-American aircraft in... ... Art encyclopedia

Noun, number of synonyms: 1 city (2765) ASIS Dictionary of Synonyms. V.N. Trishin. 2013… Synonym dictionary

- (Magdeburg, Czech Devin) main city Prussian province of Saxony, one of the most important fortresses of the empire, on three branches of the Elbe. 137,135 inhabitants. The old fortifications were razed, as a result of which M. almost doubled in size. Statue of Otto Vel., war monument 1870 71... ... Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron

Magdeburg- MAGDEBURG, a city in Germany. 275 thousand inhabitants. Transport node; port on the Elbe River. Mechanical engineering, chemical pharmaceutical, leather footwear, clothing industry. Culturally historical Museum. Theaters: National (1796), New City... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

I Magdeburg district in the German Democratic Republic, in the southern part of the Central European Plain, partly in the Harz Mountains. Area 11.5 thousand km2. Population 1.3 million people (1971). The administrative center is the city of Magdeburg. A district with highly developed... ... Big Soviet encyclopedia

- (Magdeburg), a city in Germany, a port on the river. Elbe, the administrative center of the state of Saxony Anhalt. 265 thousand inhabitants (1995). Mechanical engineering (including heavy, electrical), chemical, pharmaceutical, shoe leather, clothing,... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

- (Magdeburg, Czech. Devin) the main city of the Prussian province. Saxony, one of the most important fortresses of the empire, on the three branches of the Elbe. 137135 inhabitants The old fortifications were razed, as a result of which M. almost doubled in size. Statue of Otto Vel., war monument 1870... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Ephron

- (Magdeburg) city in the GDR, adm. c. District M. 262.4 t. (1962). Large port on the river. Elbe. One of the largest industrial centers of the country (heavy engineering, etc.). First mentioned in 805. Since 968, the center of the archbishopric, one of the most important support... ... Soviet historical encyclopedia

Books

• The last years of self-government of Kyiv under Magdeburg law, I.M. Kamanin. Magdeburg law is one of the most famous systems of urban law, which developed in the 13th century in the city of Magdeburg as feudal city ​​law, according to which economic...
• Mysteries of golden convoys, Shigin Vladimir Vilenovich. The book by the writer and journalist, captain 1st rank Vladimir Shigin is dedicated to the investigation of the circumstances of the death of ships that at different times transported large cargoes of gold. The reader will get to know...

Magdeburg was the favorite residence of Emperor Otto I the Great, who became Holy Roman Emperor in 962. Otto I loved this city so much that he even presented it to his wife Edita as a marriage gift. Residents of Magdeburg carefully preserve the memory of “their Otto.” The emperor is buried in the city Cathedral of St. Mauritius and St. Catherine, a most valuable monument of history and culture. The powerful towers of the cathedral are visible from afar. Magdeburg Cathedral is one of the most outstanding architectural monuments Central Germany and is the first cathedral in Germany built in the Gothic style. The interior and portals of the cathedral are richly decorated with sculptural carvings. The cathedral is a recognized symbol of Magdeburg. The richness of architectural decoration is also characteristic of another building on cathedral square Domplatz: for the Green Citadel residential complex, the latest and perhaps most remarkable brainchild of the Austrian architect and artist Friedensreich Hundertwasser. The complex, decorated in the recognizable Hundertwasser style, stands out against the background of the ancient walls of the cathedral and the spacious central square Magdeburg. Along with Emperor Otto I, Magdeburgers remember and honor Otto von Guericke, who also left a deep mark on the fate of the city. The great German naturalist and politician lived through difficult times here - the era of the Thirty Years' War and the years after its end. He devoted 50 years of his life to his native Magdeburg - as its architect, patron and burgomaster. Today, the exposition of his house-museum tells about the activities of Otto von Guericke. By the way, the museums of Magdeburg in last years They have simply been reborn: new public collections appear, the funds of existing museums are replenished with new outstanding objects. Several years ago, a large Technical Museum was opened in Magdeburg, on which the city spared neither money nor effort.

Museums of international rank and importance are also the Museum of Natural History, the Museum of Art in the Monastery of St. Virgin Mary, located in the oldest architectural complex Magdeburg, and the Historical and Cultural Museum. But let's go back to historical Center cities. On the Alter Markt square next to the famous Magdeburg Cathedral stands another of the city's most important landmarks - the Magdeburg Horseman, the oldest free-standing equestrian statue in the region north of the Alps. Residents of Magdeburg believe that the rider on the horse is their beloved Emperor Otto I. The bronze statue is dated by historians to c. 1240. In 1967, the original statue was moved to the Historical and Cultural Museum of the city. Since then, the museum has kept it as a living memory of the famous emperor. In the center of Magdeburg there are shops for every taste. For each city resident there is 2.5 square meters. m of retail space: this is one of the best indicators in Germany. Magdeburg's gastronomic center is located around Hasselbachplatz. Numerous pubs, bars and restaurants are adjacent to the business center of the city. We recommend trying fried sausages at the famous all over Germany diner “Curry 54”. Twice a year Magdeburg hosts the city's gastronomic festival "Hassel-Night Line". These days, performances are held everywhere on the streets of the city. open air and various concerts. Fans of theatre, literature and music in Magdeburg will find numerous and varied cultural events, often taking place not only in museums and salons. The city carefully preserves the memory of its natives - poet Erich Weinert, playwright Georg Kaiser and composer Georg Philipp Telemann - and continues their traditions. Unpredictable and capricious, Magdeburg is capable of touching the soul and captivating its guests forever. One of the opportunities to experience the charm of the city is to walk through the well-created cultural and entertainment landscape in the picturesque Elbauenpark. Come to Magdeburg and see for yourself!

Magdeburg from A to Z: map, hotels, attractions, restaurants, entertainment. Shopping, shops. Photos, videos and reviews about Magdeburg.

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Even those who do not know what country it is in have heard of Magdeburg. Magdeburg Law - the right of individual cities to autonomy - is heard by many, but the city is famous not only for this. In the past, it was a famous trading and imperial city, from whose former luxury the Imperial Cathedral, the Monastery of the Holy Virgin Mary and other ancient architectural monuments remained. Modern Magdeburg is a very nice and green city, there are more than 20 parks, one of which - Herrenkrug - has been preserved from the 17th century.

One of the most vibrant and popular city events is the city festival, or Idol Burning Night, which takes place on Easter night, and many tourists come here just for this event.

How to get to Magdeburg

Magdeburg has its own airport, which receives both domestic and international flights. Leipzig Airport is also located 100 km from the city. Magdeburg has connections with the outside world via the federal highways A2 and A14 and by railway.

Search for air tickets to Berlin (the nearest airport to Magdeburg)

Shopping: shops

The main shopping alleys of the city are Breiter Weg, Ernst-Reuter-Allee, as well as shopping arcades on Halberstädter Strase and in the Sudenburg quarter.

Guides in Magdeburg

Popular hotels in Magdeburg

Entertainment and attractions in Magdeburg

On the Domfelsen rocks ("cathedral rocks") rises the Cathedral of St. Catherine and Mauritius, founded by Emperor Otto I - the oldest building in the city. Together with Kaiserplatz (Emperor Square), the cathedral was once the center of the so-called Third Rome.

The Monastery of the Holy Virgin Mary (Kloster Unser Lieben Frauen) is one of the main reasons why Magdeburg is called the pearl of the “Romanesque Architecture Route” (Straße der Romanik). The northern part of the monastery borders Domplatz (Cathedral Square).

In front of the town hall (Rathaus) on Alter Markt (Old Market) there is a copy famous monument Magdeburg Horseman (Magdeburger Reiter). The original is in the historical and cultural museum (Kulturhistorischen Museum), about which below.

Museums in Magdeburg

The historical and cultural museum (Kulturhistorisches Museum) houses a collection of art and craft objects: 40,000 archaeological finds and medieval valuables, 10,000 exhibits about the history of the city, more than 11,000 coins and medals, 1,400 items on military themes, 800 pieces of furniture, about 1,100 paintings, etc. Opening hours: closed Mon, excursions by arrangement.

The Technical Museum (Technikmuseum) contains exhibits telling about the economic and social history of the city. Opening hours: Mon closed, excursions by arrangement.

Magdeburg and its surroundings

The steamship "Württemberg" after its last flight along the Elbe in 1974, he anchored for a long time near the island of Rothehorn. It now functions as a museum (Museumsschiff), where you can view its interior and an exhibition about shipping on the Elbe.

The permanent exhibition of the Kunstmuseum covers works from ancient times to the Art Nouveau era, German sculpture of the 20th century, as well as modern art.

The Jahrtausendturm (Thousand Year Tower, 60 m), which is located in the Elbauenpark, is the tallest wooden building in Germany. Here, in five exhibition halls, you can see: the pyramids of Giza, an ancient Roman road, a medieval crane, a Newtonian reflecting telescope and fiberglass optical sensors. Opening hours: from April to October, closed Mon.

The Museum of Art in the Monastery of St. Virgin Mary is the most important showroom contemporary art in Saxony-Anhalt. The collection contains works by: Castellani, Anselmo, Tzorio, Holzner, Brelo and Ikemura. Opening hours: Mon closed, excursions by arrangement.

Magdeburg – famous city, located on the territory of the former GDR. This city has a rich history associated with international wars and religions. Architectural monuments such as the Imperial Cathedral, famous for its grandeur, and the Monastery of the Holy Virgin Mary, testify to the pre-existing wealth of the imperial city.

Geographical location of Magdeburg

Magdeburg is the capital of the federal states of Saxony-Anhalt, characterized by its greenery and has twenty picturesque parks.

Climate of Magdeburg

The climate in these places is continental and temperate. The weather is no different from the rest of central Germany. The average temperature here in summer is +220C, and in winter – zero temperature.

Historical information about Magdeburg

Magdeburg was first mentioned in historical information have been meeting since 805. Here the city passes through as a trading post. A Benedictine monastery was founded here by Emperor Otto I in 937. Adalbert-Vojtech studied at the MacDeburg Cathedral School for ten years (970-980) under the leadership of Adalbert of Magdeburg.

In the 11th century (1013) the city was sacked by the Polish king Boleslaw I the Brave. Thanks to its participation in the League of Schmalkalden, Magdeburg was besieged by the troops of Moritz of Saxony for ten months (October 1550 - August 1551), and was eventually forced to accept an enemy garrison.

During the Thirty Years' War, Magdeburg was besieged by Wallestein's troops for seven months (1629). It was only in 1631 that the troops of the imperial commander Tilly were able to take the city by storm. Having burst into the city, the imperials committed outrages and exterminated the townspeople. As a result, Magdeburg turned into a pile of ash.

Its religious life also played an important role in the development of the city. Thus, after the founding of the city in 968, the Magdeburg archbishopric was formed, whose representatives constantly fought with their neighbors, the Slavs and the Brandenburg margraves.

Already at the end of the 15th century, the archiepiscopal region had two parts, which were divided by the possessions of Anhalt, and had total area 5.4 thousand sq. km. By the 16th century the office of archbishop was electoral. A similar appointment system applied to Magdeburg administrators. In the form of a duchy, the Archbishopric of Magdeburg was annexed to Brandenburg in 1648, which received full power only in 1680.

In the 19th century (1806), the city was again subject to sieges, now by the French corps of Ney. At the same time, two sieges were unsuccessful, and on the third Magdeburg was forced to surrender. Occupied by the French, the city was attacked by Prussian and then Russian troops. The blockade was lifted only after a truce was concluded.

In 1814, Magdeburg was again under siege, but was cleared only in May by the French after receiving news of the capture of Paris.

During World War II, the city already had 350 thousand inhabitants. During this period, it suffered greatly from Allied bombing, due to which the northern outskirts of Magdeburg were almost completely destroyed.

After the war, the buildings that survived the bombing were dismantled, and only a few buildings nearby were able to survive in their pre-war condition. Cathedral. Before the reunification of Germany (1990), Magdeburg was the center of the district of the same name and was located on the territory of the GDR. Subsequently, the federal state of Saxony-Anhalt is formed, the capital of which is Magdeburg. At the same time, the city center is being formed only in a modern style.

In 1994, Magdeburg becomes the seat of a diocese.

Sights of Magdeburg

In Magdeburg there was initially a division into two parts: “spiritual” and “secular”. This same division has persisted to this day. In the "secular" is Market Square with an early Baroque town hall on two floors dating from the 17th century. Directly in front of the Town Hall, under the stone canopy itself, stands the guardian of the city - Roland.

Back in the Middle Ages, it was customary to install main square a statue of the European hero-knight Roland, called upon to protect the city from wars or plague. Roland was also considered to be a symbol of the city's justice. The sculpture of Roland in Magdeburg dates from 1240.

In the southern part of the city there is a “monastic” part, which is represented by the presence of the Cathedral and the Monastery of St. Mary, which are the pearl of German Romanesque. These complexes date back to the construction of the 11th - 13th centuries and form a significant part of the German tourist route called the Romanica Road. Both the Cathedral and the monastery are famous for their organ concerts. The exclusivity of the Cathedral is represented by the rich interior decoration - a carved oak choir and sculptural decoration of the cathedral portals.

On the peninsula between the old and new currents of the Elbe, opposite the Old Town, there is the beautiful Rothehorn city park, created at the end of the 19th century.

Excursions around Magdeburg

Excursions around the city will give you a huge amount of impressions. A Gothic cathedral, which is central in Germany, was erected here, and the fairly ancient Hanseatic city of Stendal is also well preserved. There are other buildings in Magdeburg that attract the interest of tourists.

Wonderful places for tourists to visit are located directly in the city itself. So, right on the Domfelsen rocks (translated as “cathedral rocks”) is the oldest building in the city, founded by Emperor Otto - the Cathedral of St. Catherine and Mauritius. Once upon a time, the cathedral, together with Kaiserpatz Square, was the center of the “Third Rome”.

The Historical and Cultural Museum houses a collection of crafts and art. This collection contains over 40 thousand archaeological finds and medieval values, 10 thousand exhibits from the history of the city, over 11 thousand medals and coins, about one and a half thousand military items, 800 furniture exhibits, over a thousand paintings, etc. Visiting the museum is allowed on any day except Monday.

The Technical Museum contains exhibits that tell the economic and social history of Magdeburg. The opening hours are the same as those of the historical and cultural museum.

One more is enough interesting museum located on the steamship Württemberg, which anchored near the island of Rothehorn after its last voyage on the Elbe (1974). In such a museum you can see the interior of the steamship, as well as admire an exhibition about shipping on the Elbe.

The Museum of Art houses a permanent exhibition covering exhibits from ancient times to the modern era. Visitors can also see 20th-century sculpture and other modern art here.

In the Elbauenpark there is a 60 m high Millennium Tower called the Jarthauzendturm. It is the tallest wooden structure in Germany, containing five exhibition halls in which you can see the pyramids of Giza, an ancient Roman road, a medieval crane, fiberglass optical sensors, and a Newtonian mirror telescope. Visiting the museum is available from April to October, closed on Mondays.

The Museum of Art, located in the monastery of St. Mary, houses the famous exhibition hall of contemporary art from Saxony-Anhalt. It contains works by Anselmo, Castellani, Tzorio, Brelo, Holzner and Ikemura.

Places for entertainment and shopping in Magdeburg

The main places for shortening are the main shopping alleys (Breiter Weg, Ernst Reuther Allee) and the shopping arcades located on Halberstäter Strasse and the Sudenburg quarter.

How to get to Magdeburg

Magdeburg has an airport that accepts both domestic and international flights. Leipzig Airport is located just a hundred kilometers from the city. Also, thanks to federal highways and railways, Magdeburg has connections with the outside world.

Conclusion

Thus, Magdeburg is considered one of the most beautiful cities Saxony-Anhalt, located on the Elbe River and has a rich history and owns a cultural and architectural heritage. This city was considered to be one of the most important cities of the Middle Ages.

Holidays in Magdeburg provide an excellent opportunity to experience the unique atmosphere of opposites that reigns in the city. At the same time, cultural and historical attractions will appear before guests in all their glory.

Magdeburg is an ancient city in eastern Germany, located on the banks of the Elbe River, in the region of the former German Democratic Republic. Today it is the capital of the greenest federal district of Saxony-Anhalt, which has more than 20 picturesque parks. Magdeburg is also called the city of science, art and culture. It is known to many as the birthplace of the outstanding German engineer, physicist and philosopher Otto von Guericke. In the 17th century, he invented vacuum air pumping, which is used in the modern world at literally every step. And in honor of his famous experiment with the copper Magdeburg hemispheres, the result of which proved the existence of atmospheric pressure, several monuments to the scientist were erected in the city. At the same time, the famous hemispheres act as an unspoken symbol of Magdeburg; their images and sculptures are located everywhere. The originals are carefully preserved by the German Museum in Munich. In 1993, the Otto von Guericke University of Magdeburg was founded - named after the burgomaster. The city is also widely known for its large number of museums and surviving architectural monuments.

• Area: 201 km²;
• Time zone: UTC+1, summer UTC+2;
• Population: 238,200.

Historical reference

Magdeburg was founded more than 1000 years ago and over its centuries-old history, it has repeatedly experienced periods of decline and prosperity. The first mention of the settlement as a trading post dates back to 805 in the records of the Frankish king Charlemagne, who called it “Magadoburg” - a powerful castle. In 936, Magdeburg became the residence of King Otto I of Germany, who in 962 ascended the imperial throne of the Holy Roman Empire he created. In 937, the great ruler founded the first religious stronghold in the city - the Benedictine monastery of St. Mauritius. During the Polish-German War of 1002–1018, during fierce fighting, Magdeburg suffered significant destruction and devastation. Since 1035, the city has been rebuilt again and begins to actively develop. In the 13th century, it received the right to self-government, and from that time the rapid development of trade and economic relations began. Taking an active part in the Protestant movement, in 1631, Magdeburg was completely burned by the Catholic army under the leadership of Field Marshal Johann Tilly. Since 1816, the city has become the capital of the Saxon lands in Prussia. During the Second World War it was severely damaged and was destroyed a large number of architectural monuments of the Middle Ages. Since 1949, Magdeburg has been part of the GDR, and after the unification of the country it becomes the capital of the federal district of Saxony-Anhalt within the Federal Republic of Germany.

general information

The climate of this European part is temperate continental. The weather in Magdeburg is the same as in all central regions of Germany. Summer is warm, with average temperature+22°C, winters are mild, with a predominance of zero temperatures.

Typically, most travelers reach Magdeburg by train from Berlin, where international Airport. The city has a large railway junction and with most of it settlements country, it is connected by rail. Without transfers you can get to Berlin, Dresden, Leipzig, Halle and Braunschweig; in other directions you will need a route with transfers, so it is better to travel from Magdeburg, for example, to Frankfurt or Hamburg along one of the highways, two of which are of federal importance - A14 and A2.

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