Leningrad blocade lasted 872 days. During this time, more than one million people died from hunger. After the completion of World War II, a Nurembergian process was held over Nazi and fascist criminals.

Representatives of the USSR made an accusation to the group commander german army "North", due to the actions of which such a number of civilians of the blockade city died. On this charge, General von Leeb was justified. At that time, the point was not registered, which would be forbidden to use hunger as a military strategy in relation to the civilian population.

Many people who survived in the blockade city are obliged to appear a motorway ("Road of Life") through it. She made it possible to break the blockade ring, because because of his geographic location Leningrad is not able to survive without the exhaust food.

The value of the padded path

Worked the road from autumn 1941 to spring in 1943. Her appointment consisted of blockade Leningrad (St. Petersburg) with the country. Officially, she was called military road No. 101.

Since September 1941, Soviet troops, together with the civilian population, were surrounded by German and Finnish troops. The city was not ready for the blockade and did not have the necessary food and fuel reserves. It was possible to deliver everything you needed aviation or through the lake.

"The Road of Life" through the Lake Ladoga allowed to evacuate a part of the population and partially provide surviving food.

Cargo transportation on ice

From October 1941, a study began to build a track through Lake Lake, it was covered with ice in winter. After preliminary calculations from November, construction began. It was assumed that the width of the track would be 10 meters so that the cars could move simultaneously in both directions. Special items have been built every 5-7 kilometers.

The direction of the road was chosen on the basis of the presence of durable ice cover. He had to withstand big loads. The main gas-aa, called the "half-one" people, became the main. In order to prevent mass failures under the ice between the machines, no less than 100 meters should be. At the same time, a railway branch was lake in the lake.

The created "Road of Life" (Leningrad) took place near the front line, she demanded the security that military units provided. The ice section of the road had two defensive stripes, created with the help of wooden cutters, sandbags, which were marked with ice. Every one or two kilometers was installed and every three kilometers - guns of small-caliber artillery. From the air, the highway defended six fighter airlines.

In the first winter, more than 500 thousand inhabitants were evacuated by the blockade of the "road of life" and about 250 thousand tons of food were delivered. Basically it was flour, grain, cereals, meat products, fats, vegetables, nuts, dried fruits, Vitamin C. The work of the ice road continued in the winter of 1942-1943.

Cargo transportation on water

With melting of ice, the road through did not cease to exist. Since the spring of 1942, transportation on ice was replaced by navigating water. However, due to the fact that the ice still remained in some areas, the break between the supplies through the lake was a whole month. In April, in the ice, it was already impossible to carry goods, and on the water Barge could only go from the end of May.

The leadership of the country was necessary to carry out work on the restoration of damaged ships. In working condition there was no more than 15 barges. They decided to build barges in place. The platform for work was the pulp and paper mill in the arter. At the same time, the construction of metal ships, which were transported to the final assembly on the railway in Leningrad, began.

Way protection was engaged in anti-aircraft artillery divisions, fighter airlines. They had to fight with the forces of the German-Finno-Italian flotilla.

For 1942, about 400 thousand inhabitants were evacuated on the water, food was delivered by 350 thousand tons. At the same time, 290 thousand military personnel were delivered to the city. In addition to products and petroleum products in the city, horses were delivered.

From April 1943, freight transportation through the lake continued. Although their number has decreased, since a significant part of the goods have already been transported by rail, bruised since 1942.

Was the "Road of Life" (Leningrad) alone?

The official track is considered the path from Kokorev to the cobs on the lake. This thread tied a multimillion city with a country. Such information is posted in textbooks and for tourists. However, there are data for which the "road of life" through the Lake Lake passed through another path. Many facts are indicated about the existence of other transport lines.

Missing in calculations

Confirmation of the existence of several roads is simple calculations. So in the first winter the blockade of the road operated 150 days. About 350 thousand tons of cargo were officially shipped. It turns out that 2400 tons were delivered to Leningrad in Leningrad.

Transferred the load "half-timers", in the body of which it was possible to download one and a half tons. Another half-one could be attached to Sani. That is, the flight one loaded to the failure, the car could translate two tons. Every day the road crossed 1200 fully loaded "half-one". At the same time, they had to move in both directions.

The ice could not withstand such an onslaught. Moreover, in addition to trucks on the highway, buses were kiced, which were taken out for these 150 days about half a million peaceful inhabitants. Also in Ladoga transported tanks from which they shot armory towers To facilitate weight. It is hardly a blockade "way of life" would endure such loads, especially since ice was performed as a road.

Mystery of sunken trucks

During the transport time at the ice, about a thousand cars took place. Many of them are under water today. When water in the lake is particularly transparent, the pilots fix visually the outlines of the trucks. They are not always on the route of the official route. Some of them are located for hundreds of kilometers from the well-known "road life."

There are documents from which it becomes clear that some drivers moved away from the route to prove on the carriage and squeeze part of the cargo. However, there were not many such cases, and trucks, sunken away from the track, there were a lot of hundreds. So the question of whether Leningrad provides Ladoga Lake only at the expense of one road, rather controversial.

Causes of the existence of several tracks

The official highway ("Road of Life" through Lake Ladoga) No. 101 Corevo-Kobon, of course, existed and acted. However, the calculations and the location of many sunken trucks say that she could not be the only one.

All cards and documents in this case have long been classified and stored in special archives. Perhaps such secrecy is due to the desire not to disclose all paths in the event of another war.

The reasons for which several trails could exist:

• The danger from the German aviation. The overwhelming superiority of German aviation in the winter of 1941 was undeniable. Denot to the road through the lake, the fascists regularly bombed it. To minimize losses from airlinals, it was necessary to change the route. The first lines were paired closer to the shores of the lake, but as ice strengthened, the route was closer to its center.

• The ice did not stand the permanent load. Eyewitnesses of those years indicate that only 60-70 cars could pass on the way. Further, the ice began to crack, it took time to restore it. It means that the movement should have moved to new way. Otherwise, Leningrad could not receive such a number of cargo.

Creating a railway line

With large cargo transportation was able to cope only the railway. By 1942, the line was put on the eastern shore of the lake. This allowed to increase freight. Thanks to all listed methods, Leningrad blockade was partially removed.

The memory of the broken ring blockade

To maintain the performance of the ice coat, hundreds of thousands of people were involved. They lived on ice, pouring cracks arising, building wooden flooring. The feat of these people, like the drivers themselves, is difficult to assess the truly. The price of lives of many of them was removed blockade. Lake Lake became the exit that allowed breaking the ring of death for many civilians.

Along the land plot from Leningrad to Ladoga, monuments are located, which are dedicated to the "Life Road". All of them enter the Green Walk Memorial, which extends many kilometers. The memorial consists of seven monuments, 46 memorable columns on the highway, 56 pillars by rail.

The most memorable are monuments on 40 and 103 kilometers highway. The first is the "Torn Ring" memorial (architect Filippov V. G.), which symbolizes the rupture of the blockade ring formed by the German-Finnish troops over Leningrad since the fall of 1941. At 103 kilometers there is a monument "Legendary High-Grays" (Architect Levenkov A. D.). He depicts a car that rides, pulling out of ice.

Every schoolboy knows that the legendary road of life is a transport arteri Ladoga Lakewhich tied from the beginning of the Great Patriotic War In the spring of 1943, a deposited Leningrad with the country's rear. It was exported by depleted Leningradians and were taken to the hungry city of food.

Road went on the side of Leningrad. But where did you come? Where are those terminals on the way to the "rear of the country"?

Spend an experiment: Ask this question to friends and acquaintances. If you are not a resident of St. Petersburg and Leningrad region, the result is puzzling. Everyone knows only about one end of the road.

However, Paphos and morality to nothing. We do not know - it means, now we will find out.

On the road!

We choose the way

Remember: Requires durability and composure. Already a few kilometers to the destination, the navigator will try to take you from the way true. On a terrible country road, where everything will be like a folk way: the better the car, the further run behind the tractor. Do not pay attention to the screams of the navigator. Do not turn off the asphalt.

And luck - reward for resistance. You have a goal.

For a hundred meters to the shore of Ladoga - Wooden Arch. A kind of checkpoint, symbolizing entry to the ice trace. The plate so reads: "Lenfront. Ice highway, a stretch of 30 km." Red flags. Other transparencies are reminded that the more flights, the faster the victory over the enemy and that our business is right. No step back!

Actually, a little unusual.

"This is not modern improvisation," the head of the Museum "Cobon" explains: "Road of Life" Sergey Markov. - On front-line photos There are this arch: Stalin, Red Flags, slogans. In general, we now have everything as it was then. "

And the fact that Stalin's personality in different people causes different feelings - from the tide of pride for their homeland to resentment and hatred, is logical and inevitably. Attitude towards specific historical characters - your inalienable right. But from that war, generalissimus do not cross out. Otherwise, it will be a Hollywood approach to history.

Cobon - a small village on the shore of Lake Lake, the first mention of which is dated 1500 year. A year after the death of Peter I through Kobonu, the oldwall channel was held ...

After in 1941, the fascists cut the land highways in Leningrad, the road through the lady became the main road. She walked a few places: in Leningrad from Leningrad, a new lady (115 km) and closer Cobon and Lavrovo.

A carriage peak came to Kobonu, so they consider it the "capital of life".

A representative of the House of Romanov - Georgy Mikhailovich Romanov came here. In Cobone, then many worried: how does the portrait of royal blood take the portrait of Stalin over his head?

I perceived normally. Without any pompous, he held a memorial to the grave of the fallen and dead from hunger. Opened a monument "half-timer" (raised in the spring of 2014 from the bottom of the Ladoga divers led by Sergey Schlyanin).

The Grand Duke of Georgy Mikhailovich prayed in the Church of St. Nicholas The Wonderworker, who during the war served as a evacuation hospital of life of life.

Visited on fraternal grave. Bishop Tikhvinsky and Lodejnogol Mstislav told his highness about this place: it politically bleed over 600 thousand people - so many people died on the road of life. Romanov took the soldier's porridge from the hiking kitchen and overturned with the veterans "front-line" hundred grams.

History - she is mysterious girl, just loves amazing zigzags.

At the bottom

List the facts and numbers characterizing the work of life of life, I will not become. Several shots on a computer keyboard, and all of them in front of your eyes.

Figures - they are needed and important. But this is the case when it is better to see once. On this earth you need to stand up legs.

And with it there are difficulties.

The city closest from Cobon is Kirovsk, it is 60 km away. There are only two buses go, one of which is sent at five in the morning. Several closer - 30 versts - from the railway station Voy Babolo. But also no neighbor. therefore the best way: If yourself without the wheel, then choose a tourist bus.

The first amazement: "The capital of life" lost almost the entire infrastructure, which helped Leningrad to survive. No more huge (according to the standards of Ladoga) port, railway, lowered underground towns, no hospitals and repair plants. Lost ... Memory. In the local museum for completeness of sensations you listen to a lecture, sitting in the improvised body "ZIS-5". At these underland winds, blockades were chosen.

And see the documentary newsreel for those years in the museum, leaving on the suitcases and on the nodes, everything, as it was 75 years ago.

And there are still plans to create a grand exhibition complex: a diesel locomotive with tanks leaves the lake, in the covered boxes - the lands raised from the bottom of the tanks and trucks. And also - our fighters, covered the road of life, and fascist bombers who bombed it.

From the plan to practical incarnation is not so far. Many of the future exhibits are already on the shore: they are now restored by the enthusiasts of the Military Historical Center with an unusual name "Jolly Roger". Some are still under water.

Between divers and land fans of military historical tourism are disputes. Some believe that it is necessary to watch all this with scuba.

"I myself diver, and diving in cold waters," says Sergey Markov. "But how many people will be able to inspect the drowned technique from the road of life? Maximum 200 per year. And tourists who will arrive on land, are thousands."

Compromise possible.

"A lot of" half-one "lies at the bottom in the Zelentsy district (group of islands in the coastal water area of \u200b\u200bthe South of Lake Lake. - Approx. Ed.), - continues Sergey, in the past life an officer of the Northern Fleet. - Someone lying on the side, which That turned over. We, divers, first thought that this place is some kind of flat. Why so much technology went under the ice exactly? But one local We were told that after the war here I caught a fish by training fishing collective farm. So collective farmers to clear the place of fishing, trawls pulled the "two-way" in one place. But the "zis" so easily shift, they are heavy. So lie throughout the highway. "

Another idea: send Barge's Ladog with tourists. And in places of accumulation of trucks at the bottom show them with the help of a camera. The lake is not very deep, outside the fairway 5-6 meters, on the fairway to 12. In good weather You can see a lot.

"Studeskeepers" in deficiency

Technique in Ladoga DNE - instructive page of history.

According to official data, the USSR received 448 thousand cars on Land Lesu. Moreover, the Soviet industry during the war years produced only 265 thousand cars. Historians often make an emphasis that we received full-fledged army cars from the Allies, while themselves collected poorly adapted to the frontal conditions of national economic machines.

At the ratio of their and Land-Lizovsky machines, everything is true. Regarding the "civilian" and "military" there is a remark.

Strictly speaking, according to the program of Land-Lisa from the 448 thousand full-fledged SUVs, there were only 50 thousand - Willys, Ford and Bantam. But thanks for everything: yes for any help. After all, while we did not organize the production of GAZ-64, we did not have our own major SUVs.

But here are two historical facts.

The first: most of the "Willis" and "Fords" coming from America during the war did not destroy the opponent, but our gasoline. The fact that we lily in the tanks, the Americans did not consider the Americans. I'm afraid in a blockade Leningrad with high-quality gasoline was not all right.

And the second: at the bottom of Ladoga, the lake is the most resounding "GAZ-AA", somewhat less "ZIS-5". Used Yaroslavl trucks "Yag", buses.

The museum's basis in Cobone is the documents and drawings of Simon Gelberg, who was the deputy head of the ice trace. So, on his drawings, only one machine is reminded of the form of the "studekera" body.

The conclusion is simple: the monstrous amount of transportation on the evacuation of residents of Leningrad and produced weapons there, as well as imports to the city of food, fell on Soviet technique. Everything is native there: trucks, their sweat and blood. His lives.

From nowhere

There is a stereotype: there are no equal in the bloody battle for dedication and the will to victory. But the organization and especially what we know logistics today is not our talents.

But if so, as in two months on the shore of the lake, where there was no developed infrastructure, built a large railway node? In February 1942 for 25 days, three female battalions (female!) For minus 30, a full-fledged railway was laid. Of course, this is a labor feat. But after all, without engineers there, too, no way.

And by the summer in the same cobone "suddenly" a port with a moral line of 5.5 km arose.

Aerial photography of Luftwaffe was preserved: I think, the staff of the German officers, the eyes were rounded when they deciphered shooting: 13 piers, dozens of cranes, up to 20 at the same time unloaded barges, where even recently glittered the smooth lake and there were almost no engineering structures on the shore.

On the road of life in the peak moments of life, up to 19 thousand people worked. But they all slept somewhere, heated, ate ...

I will say more: in the first blockade winter to Leningrad with "Junkers" leaflets were discharged, where residents offered to stop providing "useless resistance": because, according to ice, in the opinion of the pile analysts of the Wehrmacht, it is impossible to organize the supply of a multi-million city.

Yes, dear price, but they were organized, were able. Happened.

Stay alive

Now that they do not write in encyclopedias. Residents of cobs, Lavrovo and surrounding villages near the fear of the most terrible car were forbidden to feed the blockadicists from Leningrad.

It sounds extremely rigid, but it was impossible differently. People massively died, overwhelming local cemeteries.

We sent evacuated as follows: from the Finnish station (there is a hot lunch: 75 gr. Meat, 40 gr. Fat, 70 gr. Crupes, 20 gr. Puttled flour and 150 gr. Bread) Trains station to Borisov Mair. Sometimes on trucks, less often on foot. Through the pallet transitions were not, only in the sleigh, in the trucks (they tried not in the open body, but there were anything) and on buses. In navigation - on boats and barges.

Bread was released on the road, if the path held more than one and a half days - once again fed a hot lunch. According to memories, it was a chowder.

The worst test: in Lavrovo and Cobone, they gave out bundles on three days. Usually placed on multi-tier beds in the church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker in Cobone. Often died right on the steps of the temple: the stomach could not digest the very three-day lads ... and everyone understood that after hunger there was not much.

But to understand is one thing. And hunger - something completely different. Terrible feeling. Especially after 125 blockade grams of bread.

An alimentary dystrophy took lives more than shells, air bibles and wormwood on ice.

Vice Admiral Yury Kvyatkovsky was 11 years old, when at the end of April 1942 the last flights he crossed the Lake Lake on the way of life. According to his memories, they arrived late at night. Mom left. And he, exhausted, sat down at some walls from the stacks. Then he went to the hut, where he was heated. And when dawn, went out and realized that it was for the wall. "Stacks" turned out to be corpses. The whole wall of the corpses.

Grandmothers in Lavrovo remember how trucks came, the side was crowded, and there were no living in the body. No one. All frozen to death.

In the title, the way the word "road" does not need to be understood quite literally. It was a huge transport complex, well thought out and organized. Up to 60 tracks, some of which were used even under the half-meter layer of water. Developed a special device - a deflection. Scientists have established that not the weight of the car, and its speed creates a flexible-gravitational wave, due to the ice of the machine.

Scientists from Leningrad Fiztech quickly studied how ice is deformed, as it is wears.

Ladoga Dzot is generally a new word in field fortification. It's impossible to easily install on the ice zenith, after a few shots it will be on the day. Strong return. Dzota Ladoga built as ice Palaces: Grunted, reinforced and frozen again.

Front newsreel: "Onesporks", like boats, dissect the water layer. But the ice was withstanding.

There were also traffic jams, but the problem was quickly solved.

That is, they took not only will to victory and labor feats - they took the mind. Electricity and fuel went to Leningrad year and fuel: on the bottom of the Ladoga, the telegraph cable was paved, providing communication with Moscow. There was still a high-voltage electric cable for which electricity was covered with the Volkhov hydroelectric power station; And the pipeline that supplied Leningrad fuel.

These were so secret projects that many of their details became known only in 2000.

So new memorials on the shores of Ladoga is the very place. All this must be shown to children. The ancestors were able to not only be death in battle. Although it is relevant again.

By the way

Is it possible today to drive the way of life on ice in "half a gun"? Where are the tanks of tanks, frozen in the ice in 1941 - 1942?

What did Italian naval torpedoes do in Lake Ladoga? Why flamed battles for artificially fused island and what kind of feature film in 2019 will remove the "Ladoga Titanic"?

About this - in the nearest room "RG - weeks".

The road of life. The road of life. "The Road of Life", the only military strategic transport highway, bonding a blockade Leningrad with a country in September 1941, took place through Lake Ladoga. In navigation periods ... ... Encyclopedic Directory "St. Petersburg"

The road of life - In 1941 1942 So called the road on the ice of the Ladoga Lake, who tied Leningrad blocked by the German troops with "Big Earth", that is, the rear. On this road, products and ammunition delivered to the city, they were taken out of the city ... ... Dictionary of winged words and expressions

The road of life - The only military strategic transport highway, binding a blockade Leningrad with a country in September 1941, was held through Lake Ladoga. In the navigation periods of transportation on "D. Well. " were produced on the waterway ... ... St. Petersburg (Encyclopedia)

THE ROAD OF LIFE - During the Great Patriotic War, the only transport highway through Lake Ladoga. (In periods of navigation on water, in winter on ice), binding from September 1941 to March 1943 blocked Leningrad with the country ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

The road of life - Road, and, g. Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Swedov. 1949 1992 ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov

THE ROAD OF LIFE - During the Great Patriotic War, the only transport highway through the Lake Lake (during the periods of navigation on water, in winter on ice), binding a blocked Leningrad with a country in September 1941 in September 1941. Source: Event Encyclopedia ... Russian History

THE ROAD OF LIFE - The road of life, during the Great Patriotic War, the only transport highway through the Lake Lake (in the periods of navigating water, in winter on ice), binding from September 1941 to March 1943 blocked Leningrad with the country ... encyclopedic Dictionary

The road of life - Memorial kilometer sign on the railway station Koshetevka Piskarevka, near the theological cemetery "Road of Life" during the Great Patriotic War, the only transport highway through the Lake Ladoga. In the periods of navigating water, ... ... Wikipedia

The road of life - ("Road of Life",) The only military strategic transport highway through the Lake Lake, binding from September 1941 to March 1943, Leningrad blocked by the German fascist troops with the rear districts of the country during the Great ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

The road of life - Book. High. The Ladoga Lake Highway, in which, during the Great Patriotic War, a deposited Leningrad was provided with food, weapons. Victory near Leningrad helped create the way of life on ice Ladoga, which saved many ... ... Fraseological dictionary of the Russian literary language

Books

• Road of Life, Lindes Emma Category: Miscellaneous Publisher: Nestor-History, Manufacturer: Nestor-History, Buy for 770 UAH (Ukraine only)
• Road of life, Lindes Emma, \u200b\u200b1970. Former graduate of Cambridge, Krasovets Konrad Hellddorf returns to his native Berlin to learn the truth about the father who died before his birth in the fall of 1944. New life Conrad ... Category: Modern Foreign Prose Publisher:

Was associated with the country. Transportation on the way of life was performed from September 12, 1941 to March 1943. During the navigation period, the delivery was carried out on tugboats with barges and ships, and in the winter the car was going on the ice road.

During this period, in the deposited city on the legendary road of life, which was officially listed by military road No. 101, over 1600 thousand tons of cargo were brought to Leningrad, mainly food, forage and fuel and lubricants. For 500 days of blockade (before its breakthrough), more than a million people were evacuated on the highway.

For reference: Leningrad blocade lasted 872 days from September 8, 1941 to January 27, 1944, when it was completely removed. The blockade ring was broken on January 18, 1943.

If you now fly on a helicopter over a palm, then under water you can see hundreds of dark rectangles, these are the cozovy trucks who have departed in the first and second blockade winters. Together with the machines who were carrying flour and shells, often drove drivers and work tracks.

Olga Bergholts wrote about the road of life:

Expensive life went to us bread,
Dear friendship many to many.
Still do not know on earth
terrible and joyful road.

Road of life - how to get

Most monuments are located along the modern highway A-128, which is called "Road of Life". All monuments are most convenient to reach by car, stopping for each of them (see the map below).

You can also drive to Lake Lake Station to Lake Station (departure from Finland Station). In the village you can see the Museum "Road of Life", Osinovetsky Lighthouse and steam locomotive ESH-4375 (located right at the station). In addition, in the village there is a lovely sand beach, Therefore, in the summer, the excursion can be combined with bathing and sunbathing. Note that in Ladoga Lake water is clean, but always cold.

Life Road - Map

From the history

On September 8, 1941, the Germans captured Shlisselburg, cut all the land routes and the water journey through the Neva. The blockade of Leningrad and Ladoga began the only way connecting the city from the Big Earth.

Since September 12, the delivery of goods to the blockade city began. Food was brought first in wolchs, from it - to a new lady, and then on the barges they were transferred to the West shore to the Osinovian lighthouse.

In the fall of 1941, Ice on Ladog was not installed for a long time and barges went on the lake, bypassing ice areas. The first Shan Mostow went on November 17, which brought 63 tons of flour to the city, and soon the movement of cars began. The ice was still very fragile and to prevent the failure of transport, part of the cargo was placed on a sleigh, which reduced the pressure on the ice and allowed to transport more products.

The movement was organized in both directions on two tracks located at a distance of 100 - 150 meters from each other. The Germans constantly led the shelling and bombing of the highway, but they failed to stop traffic. Truck drivers did not close the doors to have time to jump if the car starts sinking. Only in the first winter under the ice went about a thousand trucks, and how many people died here, unknown. In memory of the feat, which ordinary people made every day, on the shore of Ladoga Lake there is a bronze copy of the legendary "half-timer" gas -aa.

This is how the Leningrad Poet Anatoly Molchanov wrote:

And somewhere in Ladoga, in the White Spacious
From the bombs and frost explodes the ice floes,
And the engines of the motors, and moan motors,
And pulling loaded bread machines -
In Purga and shelling, without sleep and rest,
For the life and struggle of Leningrad in response.
And it was on the track movement such
As in peacetime on Nevsky Prospect.

Thanks to the delivery of food at the ice highway, on December 25, 1941, people standing in bakery lines unexpectedly learned that the scope of bread was increased by 75 grams. Children and women cried from happiness - it would seem, such a small piece of bread, but he gave them chances to escape from hungry death!

On the way of life, the evacuation of the population was held - first of all, women and children, patients and old people took out.

The first blockade winter ice trail acted 152 days before April 24, 1942. In April, during thaws, cars had to move on water.

• For the first blockade winter from Leningrad, more than 550 thousand Leningradians and more than 35 thousand wounded were evacuated, 361 thousand tons of various goods were delivered to the city, including 262.5 thousand tons of food and about 32 thousand tons of ammunition.
• During the second navigation, more than 1 million tons of various goods were transported in both directions, and about 540 thousand people were evacuated.

December 19, 1942 The ice trail began to work again, and already on January 18, 1943, Soviet troops liberated Shlisselburg, breaking through the Leningrad blockade. For cargo delivery southern coast The Lake Ladoga was laid a railway station to the Polyana station, named afterwards dear victory.

But the Ladoga route continued to act for almost a year, until the final removal of Leningrad's blockade on January 27, 1944.

Railway Life

There are a page in the history of life, a page that does not write about and try to remember less.

In the second year, the blockade of Leningrad was attempted to build an ice railway of life, which was supposed to connect the cobone station on the eastern side of the Ladoga with Lake Lake Station on Western. For all works, builders were allocated for two months.

Simultaneously from two coast of Lake Lake, a construction of a railway bridge from a tree 35 km long, the so-called "CHAYN-Ice Rail Railway Crimp" began. At the same time, two ways were built - a narrow scene and the path of the ordinary rut from it 100-200 meters from it.

Builders, mostly women pierced wormwood and scored piles. Locked the flooring, and the railway canvas were mounted on top. Works went to the frost and under the enemy focus. In January 1943, when half of the way was built and work trains began to go on it, the troops of the Leningrad and Volkhov Fronts broke through the blockade of Leningrad.

The need for the highway disappeared and all the efforts of the builders were meaningless. Perhaps for this reason, this railway track preferred to forget.

Small road of life

A small road of life began from the Bronka station, located at Oranienbaum (Lomonosov) and walked on ice through the Kronstadt to the fox and the row. Residents of Oranienbaum and the defenders of the city experienced the same difficulties as the inhabitants of Leningrad. They were also starving, just died of hunger.

In 1941, the rate of extraction of bread was reduced. But thanks to the action of a small way of life in January 1942, a small increase in the rate of extraction of bread took place, but despite this, in 1941-1942, 5,000 people died from hunger.

Monuments on the road of life

A total of 7 monuments were installed on the road of life, 46 memorable pillars along the highway and 56 pillars along the railway. All structures of the road of life enter the green belt of glory.

Flower of Life

The monument, located on the high shore of a small river of the Loby, is made in the form of a white stone flower on a 10-meter stem, towering over granite boulders. In the flower petals, words are cut out: "Let there always be the sun." From the Memorial, the 40-meter staircase and the Birch Alley of Friendship will lead you to a bulk hill, where the stone sheets of the diary of Tanya Savicheva, Leningrad schoolgirl-pioneering, who lost all those loved ones who survived the blockade winter 1941 - 1942. Tanya Savicheva died in evacuation in July 1944, While in one of the children's homes of the Nizhny Novgorod region.

Torn Ring

The monument is made in the form of two reinforced concrete arches with a height of 7 meters, symbolizing the ring of the blockade, the gap between them is the road of life. Under the arches in concrete you can see traces of the tread machine. Nearby are two reinforced concrete balls, imitating spotlights, as well as an anti-aircraft gun of a 45 mm caliber.

Osinovsky Mayak

Lake Lake has a harsh temper and in its separate places, swimming is very dangerous. Osinovsky Court's lighthouse has never coupled - it was considered impossible, because here not only she was shelling the German artillery, but the element herself was playing. On the night of September 16, on September 17, during the storm in this place, barges crashed and more than 1000 people died.

The ships were tunted, people, but for the salvation of Leningrad from Osinovsky lighthouse, barges were sticking, loaded with grain.

Katyusha

The memorial is made in the form of five 14-meter steel beams installed at an angle to the horizon and symbolizing the famous reactive installation. At a low granite wall - inscription:

1941-1943 These Terrible Remember
The road life was held here
Music brave Leningrad saved
The fallen heroes of immortal glory.

The road of life is the name fully corresponded to the role that she played: without her, Leningrad would just die.

November 18th 1941.
Start of laying "Life Roads". During the Great Patriotic War, the 88th separate bridge battalion began ice exploration of the Lake Ladoga in order to create an ice road to the besieged Leningrad. Work on the creation of the route, which about 20 thousand people, began in October. On November 19, an order was signed on the troops of the Leningrad Front "On the organization of the autotractor road through Lake Ladoga".
November 22, the first autocolon of gas-aa trucks was published on the ice. The ice road, which became referred to as military road No. 101 (WAD-101), began to operate on November 26, 1941. All the way, due to the fatigue of ice I had to be transferred to the new route. And for the first month of work, the road was translated into new routes four times, and its separate sections are even more often. Trucks properly delivered food

The ice line was a well-organized highway, providing drivers a confident ride at high speed. The track was serviced by 350 adjustors, the task of which included machine dispersal, indication of the direction of movement, monitoring the safety of ice and other duties. The road became the most complex engineering structure. Her builders were manufactured road signs, Milestones, portable shields, bridges, built bases, warehouses, heating and medical items, power and technical assistance, workshops, telephone and telegraph stations, adapted a variety of disguise means. This work required dedication and courage, since it had to be conducted under any conditions - junior frosts, chilling winds, Purge, art printing and raids of enemy aviation. In addition, the lighthouse lights with blue glasses were exhibited - at the beginning for every 450-500 m, and then 150-200 m
On November 24, 1941, the Military Council of the Leningrad Front adopted Resolution No. 00419 "On the construction of a military road No. 102 (WAD-102)" in this way, now the delivery of goods for Leningrad began to be made on two roads.
The road consisted of two ring trails, each of which had two separate directions of movement - for a freight traffic (in the city) and for the emptying or evacuation (from the city). The first track for the carriage of goods to the city was held along the route Zhikharevo - Desired - Troitsky - Lavrovo - Art. Lake Ladoga, the length of the direction was 44 km; For the emptore and evacuation from the city - Art. Lake Lake or Borisov Mane - Vaganovsky Descent - Lavrovo - Zhikharevo Lavrovo with a length of 43 km. Total length The flight on the first annular route was 83 km.
The second route for the carriage of goods was held along the route Fogokalo - Cobona - Vaganovsky Descent - Art. Lake Lake or Borisova Maine (58 km) and for the Yellow or Evacuation - Art. Ladoga Lake or Borisov Griva - Vaganovsky Descent - Lavrovo - Babanovo - Fogobalo (53 km). The overall length of the second annular route was 111 km. The former route Tikhvin - the new Ladog ceased to function, but was maintained in working condition.
Despite the frosts and blizzards, on the fire of enemy artillery and blows from the air, the occupation of the adversary on November 8 Tikhvin, the movement of the cargo vehicles did not stop almost one day. In November-December, 16,449 tons of cargo were delivered on the highway.

"The Road of Life" is not only a lakeside route, this is the path that it was necessary to overcome from the railway station on the west shore of the lake to the railway station on the eastern shore and back. The road worked until the last opportunity. In mid-April, the air temperature began to rise to 12 - 15 ° C and the ice cover of the lake began to quickly collapse. On the surface of ice accumulated a large number of water. For a whole week - from 15 to 21 April - cars went on solid water, in some places to 45 cm deep in recent flights The cars did not reach the shore and the loads were transferred in their hands. Further traffic on the ice became dangerous, and on April 21, the Ladoga ice trail was officially closed, but in fact it functioned until April 24, as some drivers, despite the order on the closure of the route, continued flights along Ladoga. When the lake began to open and the movement of cars on the highway ceased, the employees of the track moved 65 tons of food products from East to the West Bank. In just the winter of 1941/42, Leningrad 361,109 tons of various goods were delivered at the ice highway, including 262,419 tons of food.

It was forty years ago. I have not been able to seize Leningrad storming without overcoming his defense, the enemy hoped to the ambulance of the city from hunger as a result of the full blockade. Obviously, the German command did not even think about the possibility of organizing any serious, communications through the Lake Ladoga. But the concept of impossible was very relative when it was touched by Leningrad's salvation. 152 days, from November 22, 1941 to April 24, 1942, and 98 days, from December 23, 1942 to March 30, 1943, there was a life road - an ice trail, laid by the Ladoga Lake, in which the city received the most necessary to live and fight. Chauffeur Ivan Vasilyevich Maksimov from the first to last day Drove cars with a cargo for Leningrad and exported people. He tells how it was. Photos of the War years collected by the participants of the Ladoga epic explain his story.

Still do not know on earth
Terrible and joyful road.

"On the night of November 22, the first column of ten cars went down on the ice on November 22. I was in this column. There was a dark and windy night over the lake. There was no snow yet, and the black bands of the ice field often seemed open water. I do not hide The fear of leaked the heart, the hands were shaking: probably, and from tension and from weakness - four days, like all Leningraders, we got along the drum on a day ... But our truckolon was just in Leningrad. And I saw people died from hunger ... salvation was on the eastern shore. We understood - at any cost it was necessary to get there. Not all cars reached the coast, but the first group move was perfect. I remember even the first hot chowder, which we got. The next day, these cars went back , Vivid Leningrads bread. While the ice was thin, it was impossible to fully ship the car. Adjusted to the setting - used trailers to reduce the load on the ice.
The first flights crashed into memory as the most difficult. We drove slowly, intensely, as if trying to the way ... A few days later it was watching, they felt the road, confidence appeared.
The harsh winter of the 41st, as it were, hurried to us for revenue. Every day the ice became thicker and stronger. The intensity of movement and loading machines increased. First month I did not leave the car. She was and home ... Having moved the lake, quickly handed over the cargo, drove into the sideline, covered the "front" with a cab with a cabin, so much to keep warm from the dried motor, and fell asleep. Hours in two or three woke up from the cold, started the engine, took the cargo and again - to the flight.
From Western to East Beach transported people from Leningrad. These flights were for me the most tense and painful. Lying and satisfied from hunger and sat motionless, it seemed indifferent. There were cases when Sanitars, removing people from the car, reported that someone died on the road. From pity, angry and grief squeezed the heart, whom rolled up to the throat ... I always rushed when I was driving with people, everything seemed to not have time and was afraid of the delays on the road.
In late December, the number of flights has increased. When calculating, I was among the advanced. Once on the eastern shore, in Cobone, where food warehouses were located, the car was called to the commander and a gift from Leningrads was handed over. It was warm things. By squeezing the gift in the hands, I listened to the words of gratitude, and in response I could not say a single word ... I did not cry, only tears flowed and flowed on the cheeks.
I was given a holiday day. They sent to a sanitary point - for the month I zaros so that the eye was not visible, the long beard accessed, salted and became tough clothing. It was the first counterpart from the beginning of work on the ice track.
The road quickly mastered. Mass transportation began. Trucks on the track went to the blizzard and blizzard, during the day and night, often hit the wormies, punched by bombs and shells, not reaching the shores died, tone. But despite the incredible difficulties, the delivery of products did not stop. Soon we refused even from masking, and at night with the included headlights of the car went with a continuous flow.
The road was fired all the time. However, most of the bombs and shells fell around nearby. The chaufferes maneuvered, changed speed. The road builders immediately found new, workarounds or "Latali" road - laid wooden walkways, the flooring was cleared. The route was destroyed, but the road continued to live.
By itself, riding the ice was a difficult and dangerous. Under the action of strong winds, changes in the water level in the lake occurred frequent departures of ice fields, ice mountains occurred on the way sometimes five to ten meters high. Cracks and divorce appeared. It was necessary to build many flipping shields and walkways. For the winter of 1941-1942, a bridge battalion on the ice of the lake set 147 team-collapsible bridges, able to withstand the severity of not only loaded cars, but even tanks.
Gradually, the road can be said, hacked. Along the route there were tents and snowy houses of road builders, repairmen who lived here to come to help the chauffs at any moment. In such houses were installed "bourgeitors", they were pulled by telephone cables.
The seventh kilometer of the track was located a tent of a sanitary-medical center. Olya Pisarenko, Military Feldscher lived in it throughout the harsh winter. She is his courage and endurance surprised even the veterans of the ice road. Worked without rest and sleep, often under brutal fire medical care wounded and frostbed.
Once her part of the road was bombed sixteen fascist aircraft. The bombs are painted the track. Olya fell into the hole. With difficulty, she was helped to get out, but she did not leave the track, herself a little live and frostpled, she continued to help the wounded.
On the highway actually passed the front. And each completed flight was like a won fight. The route lived unusually tensely. Here is the record from the diary of the headquarters of the 64th shelf, whose personnel was on ice all the time and served the road.
"On November 23, 1941, several horses and cars fell under the ice.
5th of December. Fascist aviation raid on the fourteenth kilometer ... Vehized a car with gasoline. Thirty shells broke between the tenth and fifteenth kilometers, about a hundred forty bombs were reset across the track. Between the twentieth and twenty-fifth kilometers a longitudinal crack was formed. "
In spite of everything, the movement on the highway did not stop. Immediately after the raids went on the ice of roads, laying new roads. Immediately, the adjustors fled to the car, showing the chambers of the new path. And the regulators were Leningrad girls-Komsomolskiy. They stood under the ice wind or snow at a distance of 350-400 meters from each other during the day with flags, and at night with the burning "bat". The clock in any weather they carried their heroic watch.
In January, a heavy anti-aircraft artillery could be installed on the strengthened ice. When it appears, the enemy almost never managed to bomb the enemy's road.
The route was covered with the troops of the Ladoga region air defense, shelves of anti-aircraft artillery and fighter aircraft of the front and fleet, fighters of rifle parts and marines, border troops and the NKVD division. All approaches to the ice road were mined. As a result of all these measures, the flow of goods to Leningrad with the skin of the day increased.
It was even organized a brigade on the rise of cars and tanks from the bottom of the lake. After repair, they again returned to the system.
The participants of the road were rejoiced to each increase in soldering Leningraders. December 25 was the first increase in the rack of bread. The minimum was for workers 250 grams per day, for all other - 125 grams. But in April, the Leningradians were issued on average by half a ballogram of bread and increased norms on other products. The city lived and continued to fight.
In April, the snow began to melted, the water rose, she filled the roadside. That's when our torment began. Slightly start to bounce or brake, and the ice under you goes into the water. April 24, the track was closed.
152 days existed the legendary road of life.