In 1878, the Norwegian navigator Edward Johannes revealed the island, engaged in fishing at the Zheless Schooner "Nordland". Nakhodka got the name of privacy, because the block of land with an area of \u200b\u200b20 square kilometers was in a distance from any sushi, in the very center of the Kara Sea, between the new land, Taimyr and North Earthth. The bad weather did not allow the Norwegian to correctly establish the coordinates of privacy, and almost 40 years the location remained uncertain.
In 1915, Bark "Eclipse" approached the island under the command of another native Norway - Otto Sverdruup. The Russian government hired him to search and save expeditions Sedov, Rusanova and Brusylov, one after another missing in these latitudes. Russian polarons of Norwegian, unfortunately, did not save, but again found the island. In geography, Sverrup definitely knew - his name is the islands in the Kara Sea, in the Lincoln Sea and even a whole strait in the north of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. But even he could not correctly determine the coordinates of privacy. Again summed up the weather.
"Chelyuskin" puts the point. On the map
Blurry data obtained by Norwegians did not allow finding the island again. In 1930, another object was found near Isachenko Island, and some geographers were inclined to the fact that Isachenko is and there is a missing privacy. Doubts dispelled the legendary Soviet steamer "Chelyuskin", which in 1933 following Murmansk to Vladivostok, accidentally discovered the lost island.
This is how the participant of the expedition describes this event, the famous Soviet oceanograph of Yakov Gakkel. "Night. In addition to the driver, several more people are not sleeping: they are monitoring drifting ice, during currents, weather. In the exchange of various kinds of assumptions about the mysterious, the night passes unnoticed. At five o'clock in the morning, when the fog began to scatter, the obscure sushi outlines appeared on the left. Land? But what? There is no it on the map ... We are trying to sketch out the outlines on paper. Soon on the vessel, everyone already knows about the appearance of a new island. At six o'clock, the captain ordered to take an anchor to approach the island as close as possible, as far as the depth and ice will allow. We stopped at 2 1/2 miles from mysterious Island. His outlines were becoming clearer and clearer. Immediately began preparation for the descent of two icebreaker boats, specially adapted for swimming among ice. Wishing to get to an unknown island turned out to be, of course, much more than can accommodate icebakes. There are only 16 seats in them ... Quickly comes to collect the necessary tools, breakfast yours, and now the boats are lowered on a divorce ... they headed over to the island, followed by the envious gaze of all those who have accredited to get into such a tempting journey. "
In just five hours, the "Chelyuskin" parking was managed not only to determine the exact coordinates of the island, but also to shoot the terrain, carry out other important research. Finally geographical object Was applied to the card! In just a year, a polar station will be opened here, which will work until the 1996th.
U-251 attacks polar shoes
During World War II, the lonely island survived the attack of the German submarine. During the operation, the "Wunderland", the German fleet tried to stop the supply of allies carried out in the Northern Sea Route. And since the Soviet radio station worked on the island, he also got into the number of attacked objects.
On the night of September 8, 1942, the U-251 submarine, according to the order received on the eve, the transition to the caution of desire. On the way, Captain Lieutenant Timm decided to destroy important objects on the island. The boat approached him in the underwater position. Pop-up to the surface, U-251 opened artillery fire in the polar station from a distance of 3500-4000 meters. The shelling lasted 25 minutes and, according to the German commander, was quite effective.
According to refined later data, as a result of the shelling, three shells were pleased with a residential building, four in the radio station building and one in the pigsty. Nevertheless, the main equipment of the radio station was not injured, and the polar explorers were able to report on the attack and its consequences in the headquarters of marine operations. Surrence or wounded among personnel were not. The only victims were two pigs who received fragmentation wounds.
New life
In peacetime, the work of the polar station continued. But in the mid-1990s it was closed: the collapse of the USSR led to the collapse of scientific and military activities throughout the Arctic. At that time, not only the station, but also villages, were evacuated from the Russian north. Today the situation is clearly changing for the better.
New programs for the development of the Russian Arctic give a lost island the possibility of revival. The first harbinger of change was the emergence of a new meteorological station installed by Rosneft. Station, according to experts, meets the most modern requirements for such equipment. Its installation of the NK Rosneft completely closed the meteorial system in the Kara Sea.
Recently, the Kara Sea area has acquired strategic importance. As you know, in the fall, Russian oil workers successfully completed the drilling of the Northern Arctic well in the world, and the "Victory" deposit was opened. For the first time in 50 years, a new maritime province was discovered, surpassing experts, such oil and gas areas as the Mexican Bay, the Brazilian shelf, the Arctic shelf of Alaska and Canada.
The development of new marine deposits requires more accurate and complete meteorological data. For this, Rosneft has developed and successfully implements a special program to complete the restoration of the meteorial surveillance system in the Arctic. Modern stations have already appeared on the island of transfiguration in the sea of \u200b\u200bLaptev and on the island of Zhokova in the East Siberian Sea.
The unified meteorial network will allow not only to optimize work on geological exploration and increase the efficiency of work in mining, but also will give the start of a whole series of large-scale scientific and research programs for the study of the region. And the Island of Privacy will play an important role in this.
The wind is knocked down, snow blinds eyes. Already ninth days did not weaken the blizzard, the wind speed reaches 27 meters per second. He as a grater cuts off entire snow, exposing the frozen ground, which is coated with moss and bushes of polar poppies. The houses are raised by the roof drifts. Usually, with such wind, the temperature rises, but all the rules have exceptions, and in the Arctic they seem to be especially much. So now the thermometer's column is stubbornly frozen at 31 degrees.
It is necessary to let the radiosond. Everything is ready, it remains to open the gate of the pavilion, to make the device and ... in silent weather Release the ball with the probe may even travelers. But with such a wind, this is a whole art.
Wrapped on the radar frozen waiting. Will it be possible to release a probe from the first attempt? According to the speakerphone, they are reported: "We take out ... I went!" But the wind pounced on the ball, picked up and sharply threw together with the probe to the ground. The ball burst. Only for the third attempt, having won when the wind barely weakly weakened and changed the direction, the basement ran together with the wind of good forty meters and successfully released the ball.
The antenna of the radar, having fluttering in the search for a goal, begins to follow the flight of radiosond.
Nikolai Vasilyevich Tosnikov closes the gate of the pavilion and goes to himself. Need to prepare for the next issue ...
On the island of privacy, at the polar station, we are 25 people. Nikolai Vasilyevich has been working here for 13 years. (His whole life is connected to the north, he was born on a new land. There is a thorough at the Tenkov, as well as the Northerner. At first glance, its work of the gas generator is simple: to prepare chemicals, equipment, produce hydrogen, then process the rubber sheath and, inflating Its gas, release a ball with a probe into a free flight. But the height of the probe lift depends on its work, and the greater the height, the more the data on the properties of the atmosphere will be transmitted by the sensors, accepted and processed with aerologists.
So, from the side of "His" radiosonda on the METEORIT-2 radar station, there is plenty of information. At the aerological station, its processing is in full swing. Every 30 seconds, the coordinates of the probe are printed on paper tape, temperature data, air humidity ...
On the watch there are boating friends Sasha Shitov and the glory of frisms. Together studied, together came to work in the harsh Arctic. Two years ago, they graduated from Lau, the Leningrad Arctic School, and now, having gained experience, help themselves with young graduates of the school who arrived in navigation, master the specialty of the aerologist. The subtleties of material processing are not immediately comprehended ...
Three times a day, radio sounding data is transferred to Dixon to the weather bureau. Observations aerological, hydrometeorological, actinometric - complex research complex is carried out on the island of privacy.
The Meteorite-2 station came to replace the old, deserved radio alternate "Malachite" in 1974. To maintain the radar, a radio engineer and two techniques were required. A complex system of automation, a more powerful transmitter made it possible to improve the quality of the information received. In the coming years, such radar systems will be established at all aerological stations of the Dixon administration of the hydrometeor.
Our Polar Station "Privacy Island" is located in the center of the Kara Sea. Many events preceded the appearance of her here, among the ice ... The Island of the Privacy was opened and was deposited on the map in 1878 by the Norwegian Expedition E. Johannes. The second time, in 1915, the island visited the expedition on the Eclipse vessel, which was looking for the missing expedition V. A. Rusanova.
But then the island as if disappeared. In the early 1930s, two Soviet expeditions on the Sedov and Rusan ships were trying to find it there, where he, according to Johannes, was supposed to be.
In 1933, the expedition under the leadership of O. Yu. Schmidt on the ship "Chelyuskin" discovered mysterious Island In 50 miles north-west of the place where Johannessen inflicted a privacy to map. The expedition found that the accidentally discovered land and there is a privacy island.
After a year, a polar station was opened on this island, which worked for all the subsequent time without a break. The polar explorers, wintering on the island, know that their work is needed by sailors leading ships in the Arctic, pilots, launching high-tech highways, scientists who make up weather forecasts and learning processes occurring in the earth's atmosphere.
One day, the spring peaceful rhythm of the station was violated by the invasion of the bear. It was a young, four-year-old handsome man. He came at about two o'clock in the morning, he was heard directly to the aerological pavilion, apparently see how the probe will be released. The basement only managed to shut the door of the booth, where he was on the exposure of the radiosond, and at the rate that the Olympic record holder would envy, broke into the pavilion. "Bear!" - I could only exhale Alik Savinov. It could be understood - the first meeting with the Bear, and even without weapons ...
The bear in the meantime examined the pavilion, the gate, turned over the drawers in search of something edible and, stretching her neck, began to sniff the air. We left the room and shouts tried to drive it. But he did not pay any attention to us. Brought a rocket and released the entire margin of cartridges, which was in the pavilion. The bear only accompanied the glowing colored balls, then made a few steps in our direction and stopped. A few minutes later, armed photographers with carbines, rocketrians and dogs came running from the station. Sliced \u200b\u200bshutters cameras. Seeing so many people and more barking, aggressive dogs, a bear after our several shots in the air did not hurt in the direction of the sea.
1977121102.jpg\u003e
The guys have begun to work, the radiosond was already in the pavilion, as suddenly they reported on the speakerphone that the probe would not be released. Watching did not have time to ask what was the matter how we saw the window - near the pavilion gate stands in the ambush the bear. It was necessary to urgently go through the captives. The control time has already passed, the probe has to be in the air. I suggested to make a release, not paying attention to the bear, anticipating the unique kinokra. But all the "actors" flatly refused to participate in the shooting. So my best frame disappeared.
The bear had to pay out from the territory with the help of dogs. More bears did not come to us until August. And, frankly, we were a little sorry. Work in the Arctic requires sometimes discharge ...
Privacy Island
Lion Brandin, polar star
Low-mounted island in the central part of the Kara M. ( Russian Federation). 20 km & sup2. Height up to 27 m. Polar station (from 1934) ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
Privacy Island - Privacy island, a lowland island in the central part of the Kara Sea. 20 km2. Height up to 27 m. Polar station (from 1934). Source: Encyclopedia Fatherland ... Russian history
Kolchak Island
Ushakov Island - Coordinates: Coordinates ... Wikipedia
Sibiryakova Island (Kara Sea) - This term has other meanings, see Sibiryakova Island (Values). Sibiryakova Island Location Kars Sea ... Wikipedia
Island Naudokoev - Coordinates: Coordinates ... Wikipedia
Schokalsky Island - Coordinates: ... Wikipedia
Kolosov Island - Kolosy Island ... Wikipedia
Privacy Island - Island in the central part of the Kara Sea (USSR). The area is about 20 km2. Height 20 25 m. Comprehensible mainly loose sandy sediments. Tundrow vegetation. Opened and named in 1878 by the Norwegian captain by the Hyverobee E. Johannes. ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Privacy Island - Low-mounted island in the central part of the Kara Sea. (Russia). 20 km2. Height up to 27 m. Polar station (since 1934). * * * Privacy island of privacy island, a lowland island in the central part of the Karsky m. (Russian Federation). 20 km2. Height before ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
Books
- Island personality, Aksenov Vasily Pavlovich. "The island of the personality" is any book, which includes essays and journalism of Vasily Aksenov, including his performances on radio previously not published. Aksenov never abstract ... buy for 720 rubles
- The island of the Personality, Aksenov in .. "Island of the Personality" - any book, which includes essays and journalism of Vasily Aksenov, including his performances on radio previously not published. . Aksenov never ...
Thick fog. Blind, the touch "Chelyuskin" goes to the smallest move, constantly changing the course, all the time rich ice floes. All day August 23 - ice. That cohesive up to eight points, then rareered up to three points.
Choosing the most convenient way, "Chelyuskin" slowly pierces to the northeast. Navigator and so hard to keep the ship in ice, and then the fog closes the distance. But the time is expensive, and the most difficult is still to be. You need to go ahead.
The nearest task of the expedition is to find the approaches to the Northmel Scholives leading from the Kara Sea to the sea of \u200b\u200bLaptev. All attention is absorbed by the implementation of this task.
At nine o'clock in the evening, the lot abandoned in the sea unexpectedly informed about the danger. Suspiciously shallow depth: only 14 1/2 meters. What's the matter? There is no hint on the shallow water in the area ...
Immediately strooping the car, "Chelyuskin" repeated PROMER. No errors: 14 1/2 meters! The steamer began to leave the danger, freeing the depth every 10 minutes. In such cases, care of the sea - first of all. And you will not notice how I got stranded!
At 11 o'clock, with a depth of 16 meters, it was decided to give anchor and wait for the clarification of the weather.
Night. In addition to the driver, several more people are not sleeping: they are monitoring drifting ice, during currents, weather. In the exchange of various kinds of assumptions about the mysterious, the night passes unnoticed.
At five o'clock in the morning, when the fog began to scatter, the obscure sushi outlines appeared on the left. Land? But what? There is no sign on the map ...
We try to draw out the outlines on paper. Soon on the vessel, everyone already knows about the appearance of a new island.
At six o'clock, the captain ordered to take an anchor to approach the island as close as possible, as far as the depth and ice will allow. We stopped at 2 1/2 miles from the mysterious island. His outlines were becoming clearer and clearer. Immediately began preparation for the descent of two icebreaker boats, specially adapted for swimming among ice. Those who wish to get to the unknown island were of course much more than can accommodate icebakes. They are only 16 seats, and Otto Julievich is inexorably drawn up a list of sixteen, where the scientific composition of the expedition is primarily included.
Quickly comes to collect the necessary tools, breakfast in your hop, and now the boats are lowered on the divorce. Over the other, they headed for the island, accompanied by the envious gaze of all those who have accurate to get into such a tempting journey.
Otto Juliyevich, standing on the nose of the boat, the long bug was crossed with all sorts of iceclock, threatened to scratch the board with a new ice plant. Waving in breeding, among heavy drifting ice, carefully following how it would not be in a dead end or trapped, our boats quickly moved forward, sometimes losing sight of each other among the blocks of ice. Even those who are used to ice, they seemed to be much more impressive from the boat today.
Bright, sunny weather gave an unforgettable beauty to bizarre landscape.
Two hours later, they came to the edge of the stationary coastal soldering. Walking on the Roplets, we chose the way, how could it be on the boats to the island itself. Faced into the water, the deployed already had ice, we went to the shore.
After 15 minutes, customized by the second iceboard, the "team" of which he tried to overtake us in vain, we achieved goal. A few more minutes, and the discharged tool is already raised to the high, almost early shore. We also quickly install and adjust the tools. They are ready for observations! We have to determine the geographical location of the island on the sun. The sun has already passed the meridian. We missed the most favorable moment to determine the latitude. Without losing a single minute, make a reference. Immediately the physicist of Fakidov is located: he makes magnetic observations.
How much time do you need to determine the astronomical point? - Otto Yulievich asks me.
Perhaps, for hours to four cun, "I pretend, looking at the chronometer.
Excluding to meet at four o'clock, all dispersed in different directions. P. K. Gamznikov climbed along the naked steep Western shore, studying the geological structure of the island and collecting the collection of rocks. P. P. Shirshov went to collect herbarium of few types of lichens, which are a poor vegetation cover of the island. V. S. Stakhanov, armed with a gun and binoculars, went to search for "local fauna representatives".
All the others, crashing into groups on the instructions of Otto Juliwich Schmidt, were separated by the island with one goal: to find some traces of a person here. It would be especially interesting to find a sign or remnants of a sign, which in 1915 put Sverrup on the island of privacy. This discovery would immediately allow all doubts about an unknown island.
I and Fakidov, finishing the first series of observations, took advantage of the free interval of time and went to the eastern part of the island, in order to get acquainted with him.
Our astronomical item was located at the climbing western shore. Having passed through several valleys with gentle slopes and frozen streams of streams with snow residues at the bottom, we soon reached the eastern slope. Further, to the east, lay the vast, filled with water, the lowland part of the island, bordered sand Kosmas.. These braids constructed together, forming a cape - the eastern tip of the island. With the northern and south sides, the indigenous, high part of the island, was distinguished by ice-covered lagoon.
Having made the sketch of the eastern half of the island with a more sprievable slope than in the West Bank, we hurried back to complete astronomical observations.
Returning to the tools, near which most excursors have already gathered, proceed to the definition of longitude.
Amazing day! The sun, usually so scarm allowed to watch him, today does not hide for a minute. And while I finish the observation, next to me is fast, energetic work. Comrades construct Guri - a sign noting the place of astronomical and magnetic definitions. One after another lay out stones. Pyramid grows. Its ishing the circle laid out of the same stones. Inside the pyramid is closed the bottle with the notes in it.
There may be a different expedition to stand on this land, and the notes taken out of a simple glass bottle will tell about the hike "Chelyuskin". Tell about the purpose of the expedition, report data on an astronomical paragraph on this deserted piece of land and the names of the excursors.
Having done everything that could be done for 4 1/2 hours of staying on the island, we went home to the steamer.
Our boat, as before, lavished between drifting floors, choosing the safest way. But this time it did not cost without adventure. After halfway, we arrogantly fell into a treacherous trap. The boat calmly went through the canal between the ice floes, how suddenly our channel began to be quickly driving: somewhere in the side of the drifting ice came across the stamu - the ice-closed on the meli - and gigantic white boulders began to climb. You can not lose a second: the boat threatens the danger to be crushed ice.
Instantly pop up on one of the ice floes and pull the boat behind you. Nice icecall once again visually proved to us their advantages. Her beveled, gentle terrestry and ahterstevin, her side crashes - Kili allow you to quickly pull out a light ship from the water and drain along the ice. So we do. Dragging the boat through dangerous placeWe calmly descend it into the water from the opposite edge of the ice and, without any adventures, in an hour we get to the "Chelyuskin".
Our companions on another boat, which we lost sight of, got into the same alteration.
But there everything went well. With funny songs, the crew of the second boat joined our flagship.
At nine o'clock in the evening, together with the "Sedov" "Chelyuskin" came up with an anchor, and went east to clean water. Sedov was on the outcome of coal. We were going to provide him with the necessary "loan." An hour later with a quarter of court, anchors were thrown and moored to each other for bunkering. But drifting ice approached. Ships began to breed. Latering from the anchor, "Chelyuskin" and "Sedov" again moved to clean water to continue overload.
On the same day, the engine of the aircraft was dried over the ice-free silence. This Otto Julievich, along with Grandma, took the flight over the island to fall from the air and make sketches. Returned, - and our amphibian "Sh-2" again rose to the air. Babushkin with captain Voronin went into deep intelligence of ice. Course to the East, to the Area, where earlier it was the island of privacy. After an hour and a half, they returned - no land in that area there is no ...
Thus, a valuable material was produced, which allowed the plan to make a plan of solitude, accurately put it on the card and make a description of its nature.
A small delay in "Chelyuskin" with more than one of them.
The geographical location of the island, in the heart of the Kara Sea, is very beneficial for the construction of extremely important radio and aeromestations here. In the straits leading from the Barents Sea to Karoskaya and from Karsky in the sea of \u200b\u200bLaptev (as well as on the coast of the mainland), we already have a number of stations that illuminate the flood conditions in the Kara Sea. But the central part of the sea is the ice mode, navigation conditions - can be studied and lit only when creating a station on a privacy island.
Only one question representing purely geographical interest remained unclear. Disputes were repeatedly conducted around him. Argued immediately after visiting the island of the Chelyuskins. Arounded and later, when during the wintering we treated materials related to this excursion.
The Earth opened in 1878 by the Norwegian industrialist Johansen in 1878 was the Islands of the Privacy. After opening the island, only one ship was visited - "Eclipse" (now "Lomonosov") under the captain of O. Sverdrup team. "Eclipse" in 1915 was sent by the Tsarist Government to search for missing expeditions Brusylov and Rusanov. Since then, no one has seen anymore. She held here "Sedov" in 1930. In 1932, "Sibiryakov" and "Rusanov" and no land were found. This gave reason to believe that the actual geographical position The islands are not what it has occupied on the maps until then, and there was nothing surprising. After all, Johansen determined the position of the island of astronomically - only in longitude, and it is not very accurate. The radio was then not yet, and the time was checked only by chronometers. The geographical latitude of the island has not been determined at all. And Sverrup could not astronomistically determine the location of the island. And it is not surprising that later, passing in this place, no vessel found "missing land."
But the same "Sedov" in 1930, heading for the Northern Earth, came across some new Island. It was located 25 miles southeast of the place where the island of privacy was designated on the maps.
Misty weather and lack of time did not allow to delay the vessel for research open Island. And, names new earth The name of one of the participants in the swimming - Island Isachenko, "Sedov", without stopping, went to the northeast. He went to the new discoveries that he repeatedly had to still do in this swimming. And this swimming is already marked by the sensational discovery of the island of a visa, which a brilliance predicted the professor visa himself on the basis of theoretical conclusions for another few years before.
After swimming "Sibiryakov" and "Rusanov" in 1932, the position of the "controversial" island was questioned. Then suggested that Isachenko Island and there is the very island that Johansen opened under the name of privacy. This affected the marine maps published in 1933. The island of privacy was put by note: "Position is doubtful", and next to Isachenko Island: "Existence is doubtful."
After our visit to the island, despite its resemblance in some features as described by Johansen and Dr. Tremkessky (participant of the Sverdrup Expedition), - about these notes on the map we seem to be remembered. Remember until Isachenko Isachenko is investigated. Indeed! If the island visited by the Chelyuskins, there is a "real" privacy, how did the privacy of Captain Schurrup, when he was looking for a Rusanov expedition there? After all, he did not accidentally come across the island. He walked there, having a certain task - to find, examine, as it was assumed that the expedition "Rusanov" left there any traces there. If Sverdrup visited Tom Island, who was visited by Chelyuskins, then undoubtedly we would learn from Sverdruup that this isoch is not at all where he was noted by Johansen. In addition, the sign (or its remains), which left Schurrup, Chelyuskins did not find. Most likely, Schurrup could not find this island, for he will be from the "old" privacy by 50 miles. Most likely that Sverrup was on Isachenko island, located just 25 miles from the "former" privacy. That is, in other words, Isachenko island and privacy island (Johansen) - the same land.
What will show the study of Isachenko Isachenko is the question of the closest future. In the meantime, without claiming our considerations in a categorical form, you have to leave the privacy of the previous question mark.
A lot of even surprises expects Soviet navigators and researchers in the Arctic!
