For lovers of solitude and harmony with nature tourism ireland can be a real find: the wild expanses of County Donegal, the rebellious waves of the Atlantic, the northern loneliness of Connemara and the unsurpassed beauty of Glendalough are just a small part of what can please travel lovers.
Art connoisseurs of all genres will not be disappointed - Ireland It is also famous for its Dublin theatrical productions and conceptual rock festivals in Limerick. You will be pleasantly surprised by the hospitable attitude of local residents towards tourists - they will help guests with everything and try to make their stay as comfortable as possible. This is the national credo of the Irish people - they are happy because everyone around them is happy, and from this tourism this country is becoming more and more attractive.
Resorts in Ireland
The largest center of tourism in Ireland is, of course, the capital - the city of Dublin. Here you will find largest museums and theaters, historical and architectural monuments. But resorts in Ireland– this is not only a holiday in large historical centers, but also a holiday for lovers unique nature– rocky bays and endless plains, green meadows and the highest snowy slopes, all this awaits travelers here.
Lovers of antiquity will be delighted Ireland sights– visiting ancient castles and cathedrals, there are a huge number here. There are also activities for thrill-seekers, such as the Ghost Bus ride or the Bram Stoker Museum. In this city, everyone will find something to their liking.
Others are no less popular resort towns of this country: picturesque Limerick with its numerous entertainment and excellent shopping opportunities, the city of Cork with its famous summer camp ATC, the charming town of Killarney with its picturesque natural lakes, the City of Waterford on the Roar of Staff, with its medieval charm, the vibrant settlement of Galway delights absolutely every tourist.
The most popular places for lovers of this type of recreation, the Clare Islands are recognized, deserted Beginish for true naturalists, Skellig Michael and the Aran Islands will be a real find for lovers of antiquity.
Ski resorts in Ireland
This country does not belong to the centers of ski tourism, since in fact ski resorts Ireland - it's just artificial ski center in Kilternan.
Ireland Tours
The cost of the tour depends on many factors, not only on the resort, but also on the hotel, type of food, included program and much more. Tours to the capital Dublin are more respectable, and tours to Killarney are considered a more economical option, but at the same time they will delight tourists with an equally high-quality holiday.
Tours to Ireland attractive to tourists due to ample opportunities for have a great holiday. Tourism is developed here in several directions at once - primarily excursion, as well as beach, health and ecotourism. Tours to Ireland can be perfectly combined with a visit to England and Scotland.
Holidays in Ireland
A trip to this country will be especially pleasant thanks to comfortable hotels, the highest service, and delicious Irish cuisine. Holidays in Ireland- this is a vacation in one of the few places on our huge planet where its air and water remain clean. Most popular destinations For a holiday in Ireland, Dublin and County Galway remain unrivaled.
Beaches of Ireland
Despite the predominance of excursion type holidays in this country, the Irish themselves are very fond of local beaches and they even say that the beach lifestyle is in their blood. Beaches of Ireland are divided into two types - urban ones near Belfast and Dublin and in the small rocky bays of the Antrim Coast and west Cork, where the beaches are very clean and almost deserted.
Local residents and tourists flock to the beach in droves almost all year round to do active species sports, swimming or just relaxing. Also some of the most popular beaches include the sandy expanses on the edge of County Donegal, for example, Ballymastoker, Rhosnowlagh and Macharya Raurty or Kells in Caersiven, County Galway, County Kerry, Dogs Bay in Connemara, as well as Ballycastle and Portrush in County Antrim.
Ireland Hotels
It is better to think about booking a hotel in advance, because a visa is required for a tour to Ireland. Ireland Hotels are classified according to the international hotel service rating system, according to which all hotels in the country are inspected every year by the Irish Hotel Federation. Moreover, the “star” classification is not only classic hotels, but also guest houses.
One of the most common affordable and affordable tourist accommodation options in Ireland is family hotels in the Bed & Breakfast format - these are small private boarding houses that can be found literally throughout the country. Here guests will find home comfort and home cooking, and sometimes you can find a buffet.
For romantics, it is possible to spend the night even in medieval castles, famous lighthouses, estates with authentic interiors and an old Irish atmosphere. This accommodation option will not be cheap, but along with the spirit of antiquity, modern service will be provided.
For many centuries, Ireland was the outskirts of all of Europe, and this despite the fact that many scientists and outstanding Irishmen worked in almost all corners of Europe. Over the centuries-old history, Ireland has repeatedly tried to turn into a Protestant state, the colonial yoke tried to seize it, and the inhabitants of this hungry and poor region tried to go to work overseas.
Currently, Ireland is one of the most developed countries in the world with high GDP and HDI per person. Almost 30% of Ireland's GDP comes from exports of high-tech products and software. In addition, tourism is developing rapidly in Ireland. Thus, tourists from all over the world are attracted by the picturesque corners of the country, covered in Celtic legends. The most visited place in the state is Dublin, which was founded by the Vikings back in the 9th century. At the beginning of the 18th century, the city became the center of the struggle against British rule, and in 1919 Ireland became an independent state.
The most famous and historical monuments of the capital are Trinity College, founded back in 1591, Dublin Castle of the 13th century, as well as the Gothic St. Patrick's Cathedral. Most of the residents can be found on the square or embankment. So, while walking along the embankment, you can visit the defense towers that were erected during the Napoleonic era. There is a museum in one of the towers famous writer James Joyce, who lived there for a long time. In addition, such a rare direction in tourism as equestrian tourism is developing in Ireland. The thing is that the Irish are proud of their traditions, which are hundreds of years old.
Popular centers of so-called equestrian tourism are the cities of Killarney and Birr. Ireland is also very popular country for resort holidays, in particular sailing. Here is the most real paradise for those who like to enjoy lonely and quiet nature. One of the most popular island is Blasket. It is located off the coast of the Dingle Peninsula. This island is home to one of the oldest lighthouses in the country. Despite the inactive island life, many residents try to move to the islands, where they experience a sense of solitude and peace. It is noteworthy that Irish landowners carefully preserve ancient traditions. Among the sites visited, it is worth highlighting the chapel in the town of Gallarus, which was made of stones back in the 6-7th century, the ruins of a cemetery and church on Holy Island, an Irish pub - a classic vacation spot for many Irish people, and much more.
- one of the most extraordinary tourist destinations on globe. This country is better known for its image as a whole than for individual attractions. It would seem how could such a small corner of the planet be filled with such incredible amount grandiose history, natural beauty, vibrant culture and unbridled fun? Here Norman castles overlook wild, deserted beaches; Georgian country houses host impromptu soirées traditional music; and exalted theatergoers at night merge with the bustle of Dublin pubs. Every step of the way in Ireland offers another spectacle to watch while enjoying a pint. Yet the real mystery of the country is its people. This unique “cocktail” of cordiality, humor and sarcasm is guaranteed to turn the trip into a “ Emerald Island"into a real adventure.
Charming, naturally, becomes the first on the way for tourists. Here the colorful doors of the houses immediately catch your eye. The fact is that in 1861, Queen Victoria’s husband died, and as a sign of mourning, she ordered all the doors to be repainted (meaning black). The Irish obeyed and took out the paint they had from the basement. Now colorful doors are one of the main features of the city. Although the capital's majestic architecture and coastal charm are just a hint of what the country as a whole has to offer. The true soul of today's Ireland can be found in the village of Carraroe and on the streets of Cork city. You will find this search extremely exciting.
It is often said that there are two Irelands. One is modern, full of fresh creativity. The second is rooted in old traditions, with a good dose of humor, hospitality and the ability to have fun. Night revelry is generally not uncommon here.
Given all this, it is not surprising that it can cater to such a wide range of interests. Those looking for chilly walking tours, Celtic relics or fiddle-tinged pubs from the Republic are sure to be pleased. However, so are those who are interested in fashionable culinary trends, family entertainment or upscale hotels. – the country may be small, but its cultural influence on the world still remains significant.
There are many associations associated with this region - from rocky peninsulas to the almost legendary pint of beer. Yet the true beauty of Ireland transcends any stereotype. This country's potential for adventure - for real, adrenaline-pumping adventure - is often underestimated. Those who are looking for relaxing holiday and privacy, will also enjoy the many options.
Fantastic landscapes
When someone looks at you from the pages of tourist brochures, do not think that this is just a two-dimensional “fiction”. All this beauty really exists. You can find it along the peninsulas of the southwest, in the brooding solitude of the Connemara region and in the spectacular wilderness of County Donegal. In addition, postcard splendor can be found in the lakelands of counties Leitrim and Roscommon, as well as in the undulating hills sunny southeast. has been significantly modernized, but still some things remain unchanged. Face the stormy Atlantic on the island of Skellig Michael, or spend a summer evening in a pub courtyard next to a thatched house, and you'll experience the Ireland of decades, even centuries, ago.
Beware, history...
Irish history is evident everywhere, from the spectacular prehistoric sites of Brú na Bóinne, the rocky headland of Slea Head in County Kerry and the Carrowmore Sanctuary in Sligo, to the fantastic ruins of Glendalough's rich ecclesiastical past and Clonmacnois Monastery. More new story visible in the colossal Titanic Museum in Cove and the terrifying Kilmainham Gaol in E. And then there is history so young that it still seems real, which can best be experienced on a black taxi tour of West Belfast or exploring the colorful political wall painting in Derry.
Hospitality
Irish endless friendliness is a tired stereotype that oversimplifies the national character. And this character is infinitely complex. The red-haired descendants of the Celts are very cordial, welcoming, but they know their worth. Any meeting with them is accompanied not only by conversations and jokes, but also by a willingness to always help. And this is not unbridled altruism! Be sure that while taking care of you, local residents take care of themselves first. The Irish simply cannot feel comfortable in the company of those who do not feel this comfort. Here you will be welcomed at every turn, but in Ireland all excess is encouraged.
Local kitchen
LenDog64
Famous Irish beer
Long gone are the days when you could feel a little nervous when ordering food in Ireland. The country has learned to cook well, focusing on local meat, poultry and seafood. And yet, national Irish dishes are not the delights of haute cuisine, but simple country food, mainly tailored for beer. Even the wealth of the sea in the form of salmon, trout, lobster, mussels, litorina and oysters seems to be created to accompany the famous Irish drink.
You don’t have to search long to find where to eat deliciously. Ireland, and Ireland in particular, has a significant number of Michelin star restaurants. It is not difficult to find establishments with international cuisine here, but still, when in Ireland, give preference to traditional dishes. Among the local treats you will find Dublin prawns, or langoustines; oysters served with soda bread and beer; Irish stew of lamb, potatoes, onions, carrots and garlic; pork trotters crubins; colcannon - a mixture of mashed potatoes and cabbage; black pudding pudding and a "leftover dish" coddle made with pork sausages, bacon, potatoes, onions and broth. Among the drinks, especially notable are Irish coffee with cream and whiskey, in fact, locally produced whiskey and, of course, beer. A lot of beer.
Cultural
Throughout your trip, you'll be amazed by the range of cultural activities Ireland has to offer: catch a play in one of the magnificent theatres, admire a famous Irish dance show in a West Ireland pub, or attend a rock concert in a Limerick bar. In addition, the summer here is filled with festivals glorifying everything from flowering gardens to high literature.
What's not to be missed in Ireland?
- Walking around the capital - political and cultural center countries
- Sporting events: from Gaelic football and Irish field hockey to horse and greyhound racing
- The Ring of Kerry is part of the picturesque landscape countries in national park Killarney
- Connemara is a postcard Ireland with thatched houses and winding streets surrounded by low stone walls.
- The Giant's Causeway - over 40,000 interconnected basalt columns that make Ireland's north-east coast unlike any other
- Winter solstice at Newgrange - 5,000-year-old corridor tomb
To this day it remains a sacred secret of the Celts. For the sake of mystical legends, unreal nature and unbridled “pub” fun, this is definitely worth a trip. This small corner of Europe with an impressive reputation and charming people always welcomes guests.
Ireland provides opportunities not only for sightseeing tourism, but also for agro- and ecotourism, and many opportunities for active recreation.
Ireland has many beautiful mansions and gardens open to the public. In order to plan your route correctly, you should pay attention to:
The Heritage Services, Duchas- The Department of Arts and Cultural Heritage is responsible for preserving the nature of the island and historical monuments, including prehistoric burial grounds or monasteries, medieval castles and national reserves. This organization lists 65 monuments
Heritage Towns of Ireland— This organization unites cities and villages with valuable architectural monuments.
Houses, Castles and Gardens of Ireland— The association includes important architectural monuments.
Heritage Island— The consortium unites monuments throughout Ireland - North and South.
National Trust— The trust was approved for the protection of the coast, the countryside. The trust list includes 600 miles of coastline and more than 200 mansions and gardens. It is a charitable organization independent of government and entirely dependent on donations from its members.
Northern Ireland Museum Council— This is a charitable organization sponsored by the Department of Culture. Supports Northern Ireland museums.
Ireland has excellent fishing opportunities - a network of canals, lakes, rivers and coastal seas. Sea fishing is just as good as river fishing.
Other types of tourism in Ireland
Cruises
What could be better than river cruise along the rivers and lakes of Ireland, including Shannon, Barrow, Grand Canal, Erne? A cruise is a wonderful vacation for the whole family, a group of friends or a couple in love. It doesn't matter if you've never sailed a yacht before, you'll be taught on the spot and set off on an exciting voyage.
Bicycle tourism
This is a very favorite sport among the Irish, many of them are famous athletes. A bicycle is a very good means of transportation if you appreciate the beauty of rural landscapes. You can always rent a bike from the operator or directly on the spot.
Horseback Riding
During the Middle Ages, according to Breton law, only noble people could ride horses. Nowadays, more and more tourists are interested in horse riding. Many programs include exciting horseback riding trips.
Horse racing
Horse racing is very popular in Ireland, with 25 races taking place throughout Ireland every year.
Celtic football. Rugby. Football
There are many sporting events taking place throughout Ireland.
Hiking
Ireland's landscapes make an ideal base for hiking.
Water tourism and sports
There are many sports in Ireland - rowing, sailing, kayaks. Surfing, windsurfing
Holidays and festivals
Ireland has many fans of literature and music, so cultural festivals are the favorite brainchild of the Irish. Plan your trip to Ireland to take part in the festival.
FEDERAL EDUCATION AGENCY
RUSSIAN STATE UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF SERVICE
DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL-CULTURAL SERVICE AND TOURISM
COURSE WORK
CONDITIONS AND FACTORS OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN IRELAND
Work completed:
2nd year full-time student
Naumenko E.V.
Scientific adviser:
Doctor of Geography, Professor Fedorov G.M.
Kaliningrad
INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………………………...3
1 NATURAL CONDITIONS, GEOGRAPHY…………………………………...4
1.1 Geographical location. ……………………………………………… 4
1.2 Climate. …………………………………………………………………….. .5
1.3 Natural attractions. ……………………………………...5
2 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS AND POLITICAL SYSTEM………………………………………………………………………………………...6
2.1 Political structure. ………………………………………………….6
2.2 Industry. ……………………………………………………….. 6
2.3 Housekeeping. ………………………………………………………………………………….. .7
2.4 Standard of living. ……………………………………………………………....7
2.5 Currency and language. …………………………………………………………….....8
3 HISTORICAL – CULTURAL POTENTIAL AND TOURISM INFRASTRUCTURE………………………………………………………………………………………...9
3.1 History. ……………………………………………………………………....9
3.2 Culture and traditions. ……………………………………………………....13
3.3 Tourism infrastructure. Accommodation facilities and facilities. ……………20
3.4 Transport. …………………………………………………………………...20
3.5 Food facilities. …………………………………………………………...22
3.6 Types of tourism. …………………………………………………………….....22
CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………………………………..27
LIST OF SOURCES USED………………………….....29
APPENDIX……………………………………………………………..…30
Introduction.
Today in our country and, in particular, in the Kaliningrad region, society has an increased interest in holidays abroad. This is due to economic development and an increase in the standard of living of the population. Most often, people choose to travel to Poland, France, Italy, and England. But for some reason, our travel companies ignore such a country as Ireland and practically do not develop programs for visiting this country. While it is quite popular among tourists from European countries for its “turbulent” history, charming nature in its own way and an abundance of historical attractions.
The purpose of the work is the question: “What is Ireland and what do we know about it? ", as well as conditions and factors for the development of tourism in Ireland. The objectives of the study are as follows: study of the natural conditions and geographical location of the country, climate, socio-economic and political structure, historical and cultural potential and tourism infrastructure.
Before choosing a topic, I also knew little about the country. Only that it is an island - a saucer, inhabited by the descendants of the Celts with their own tragic history associated with wars over religions and territories. In order to learn the history of Ireland and all sorts of interesting factors, I used various sources from the Internet and travel magazines.
As it turns out, Ireland is a very quiet country. Life there flows along a calm and well-established channel. There is a feeling of thoroughness and accuracy in everything.
1 Natural conditions, geography.
1.1 Geographical location.
Ireland is a state that is located in western Europe and is located on most of the island of Ireland. In the north it borders Northern Ireland, part of Great Britain. From the east the country is washed by the Irish Sea, and from other sides - Atlantic Ocean.
The length of the border with Great Britain is 360 km, the length of the coastline is 1,448 km. total area country 70,284 km 2 (land area - 68,890 km 2).
In the central part of the country there is a low-lying plain. At its base lie limestones and red sandstones, overlain by thick glacial deposits (up to 60 m). The plain is surrounded by hills and low mountains: Kerry Mountains - Caranthuill Peak, 1,041 m) in the southwest, the Wicklow Mountains in the west, where karst is widespread, the Donegal Mountains in the north, in the northeast there is a plateau (Antrim) and lowlands founded by Tertiary outpourings of basalts. Ireland has a dense, deep river network (the Shannon River is the main one) and abundant lakes (Lough Ree, Lough Derg, Lough Corrib). Main natural resources: natural gas, zinc, barites, lead, oil, copper, gypsum, peat, silver. Arable lands occupy 14% of the country's territory, meadows and pastures - 71%. Oak broadleaf forests were exterminated already in the middle of the century and now occupy only about 1.5% of the country's territory, surviving only in a few areas, mainly mountainous. There are many artificial coniferous plantings. In the southwest, relict subtropical plants grow, for example, the strawberry tree.
Animal world It is distinguished by comparative poverty, even by the complete absence of some animal species, for example, snakes. In the seas surrounding Ireland, there are herring, cod, mackerel, flounder, and sardines.
1.2 Climate.
Ireland is often called the "Emerald Isle". Here, meadows and groves are green all year round, thanks to the warm and humid climate. Heat and moisture are brought by cyclones passing over the warm North Atlantic Current, which washes the western shores of Ireland. Drizzling rain and thick fog are common here. On average, up to 1,200 mm of precipitation falls annually. The heaviest recorded in Sperin and Antrim, where annual rainfall reaches 1,600 mm per year. In the East, closer to the coast, as well as to the southern and eastern shores of Lough Neagh, the amount of precipitation does not exceed 800 mm per year. Overall, Ireland is slightly cloudier than England. This is due to the hilly landscape and proximity to the Atlantic. Winter is warm, January temperature is from + 5 to + 8 ° C, snow rarely falls. Summer is cool and rainy, the average July temperature is +15.1°C. Spring is cold and long, and autumn is late and warm.
Average monthly temperature in Dublin
Table 1
1.3 Natural attractions.
An impressive natural landmark of Ireland, the “Cliffs” are sheer cliffs almost two hundred meters high on the Atlantic coast of the country.
In addition: The Rock of Cashel - revered by the Irish as magical, it is surrounded by picturesque meadows, representing one of the best examples of a true Irish landscape.
Another interesting place– Connemara, rich in mountains and lakes that make a lasting impression. There are places here where the old Irish language is still spoken.
In the south of the island lies the Barren, a vast, murky limestone plateau that occupies most of Clark County. Perhaps this plateau will soon become a National Park.
The cliffs of the Cliff of Moher are seven hundred meters high.
2 Socio-economic conditions and political structure.
2.1 Political structure.
The full name of the country is the Republic of Ireland. The political system is a parliamentary republic. The country consists of 26 counties. The capital is Dublin. Ireland received independence on December 6, 1921 from Great Britain. National holiday– March 17 – St. Patrick’s Day. Executive power belongs to the president (head of state) and the government headed by the prime minister. A bicameral parliament consists of the Senate (upper house) and the House of Representatives (Doyle) – lower house. The most influential political parties: Labor Party (LP), Fianna Foil (ff - Soldiers of Fortune), Progressive Democrats Party (PDP), Finn Gael (FG - united Ireland), Democratic Left Party.
2.2 Industry.
In the country’s economy, two sectors coexist - a large foreign one, mainly technologically advanced industries (mechanical engineering, electronics, chemical industry), and a local one, covering traditional industries (food, forestry, textiles, light industry).
Ireland's industry is primarily concerned with the processing of local agricultural products. In first place is the production of beer, porter, whiskey, dairy and meat products, tobacco, sugar, and flour. The second is the textile and clothing industry (tweed fabric, wool, rugs). There are enterprises for the production of mineral fertilizers, the assembly of cars and tractors, the production of building materials, and printing enterprises.
In Ireland, coal (more than 200 thousand tons per year) and peat (about 2 million tons per year) are mined.
2.3 Housekeeping.
Ireland is an industrial-agrarian country. The dominant position in agricultural production is occupied by large livestock farmers.
The main branch of agriculture is livestock farming - breeding Irish cattle.
Crop production largely serves the needs of livestock farming. Agriculture plays a small role in the economy and does not meet the country's grain needs.
Land use
table 2
There is also fishing in Ireland. Freshwater fish include salmon, trout, and eel; from sea - herring, cod and mackerel.
2.4 Standard of living.
The standard of living depends on many factors: income level, family well-being, medical care, public freedoms, gender equality, climate and many others.
