Austria is a recognized symbol of European culture, classic style of old world and European mentality. For centuries, this country was a model of living standards, a high degree of development of various types of arts, architecture and science. The nearest neighbors were focused on Austria, and the country itself often played an important role in world politics.

But what do we know about Austria and people who live there? What do they differ from the Germans living in Germany and speaking them in the same language? How should the tourist behave in the circle of the Austrians so as not to be ill like an ignorant or worse? Let's try to figure out.

Flag of Austria

Mentality and behavior features

• 90% of the Austrians communicate on german languagewhich is official in the country. However, Slovenian, Croatian and Hungarian languages \u200b\u200bshould be mentioned, which are official in Carinthia and Burgenland. Austrian youth actively studies French and english.
• Sociological polls say that most of the Austrians prefers to spend leisure activities and other species active rest.
• Austria is a very hardworking country. The unemployment rate is recorded here. Most of the population works for 9 hours and additionally delayed at work.
• Austrians are zealously refer to healthy nutrition. Only 20% of Austrian women have overweight problems. This is the lowest in all of Europe.

The building of the Austrian Parliament

• In Austria, it is customary to go to general saunas, without delimitation by the floor. Men, women and children can visit the same sauna, while bathing linen inside it is recommended to shoot, in order not to cause surprised views of others.
• Parents in Austria put children on skis in a very young age - entry to local ski schools leaded from 4 years, and by 7 years, children are involved in competitions international class.
• Important: Advanced public views do not interfere with the Austrians to remain very pious people. Christmas Here it is customary to celebrate with a special scale, and the first few days after the Christmas tree in the whole country does not work for any store.
• After 20:00 Only tourists remain on the streets of Austrian cities. Local residents Prefer to spend evenings in the company of friends, with family, or at home.
• Women in Austria don't like to use cosmetics, believing that it negatively affects the skin of the face. In addition, it is too bright to dress for an Austrian woman is considered a vulgar tone, which you will not say about men - the assortment of men's clothing stores here is much wider than women's.
• Austrians do not love neighbors from Germany. The long-standing opposition is caused by political competition, as well as the attitude of the "Burgers" to Austria - they consider it a beautiful appendage of the Great Germany.
• But the general with the "Great" Germans is love for bread. The queues in bakery can line up since the morning. At the same time there is bread taken "in its pure form", by no means mixing it with soup and other dishes.
• Love Austrians K. theaters and museums It is visible in the number of free seats in the visual halls - there are very few of them. Many residents of Austria are redeeming annual subscriptions in the beloved theater, so finding places in the parquet to tourists - extremely difficult.

The Austrian city of Brownau am-Inn - Adolf Hitler's birthplace

• In Austria, the memory of Mozart, undeservedly forgotten during life. Portraits of the Great Composer can be bought literally everywhere, and the name Wolfgang It is still very popular among newborn children.
• Another souvenir appeared here after the famous reservation of the US President Bush Jr.. Immediately after the incident, witty Austrians released a souvenir sign with the inscription in several languages: "Kangaroo is not found here!"
• Unlike the rest of Europe, preferring bicycles, Austrians love to ride scooters, including to work. There are models for children, adults, men and women. Love precisely to this type of transport is explained simply - the scooter takes a lot less place in the apartment.
• The practicality of the Austrians is reflected on separation of garbage. Paper, food waste and plastic are thrown here in different containers.
• Austrian students love very much learn Russian. Today, he is one of the top three for the study of foreign languages, after English and French.
• In addition to beer and strong Schnapps, Austrians love to drink spitser - Local invention, representing a red wine cocktail and soda. In the winter time, each Austrian cafe or bar offers a visitor to warm up mulled wine.
• Austrian tea do not like because of its high costs. High duties on the import made a popular drink of a kind of luxury. Much cheaper in Austria coffeewhich here is used in huge quantities.
• Punctuality - This is not about the Austrians. The lateness even on a business meeting here is not considered something terrible, and those who are often prompted by the phrase: "We are not in Germany!"

Official currency Austria - Euro

Other facts

• Austria is one of the leaders in the use of energy-saving technologies. At this stage, more than 65% of electricity in the country is mined from renewable sources. Moreover, this indicator is planned to increase.
• Austria is one of the richest and developed states of the planet.
• 25% of Austria's population lives in Vienna.
• The Austrian city of Brownau am-Inn is notable for being the birthplace of Adolf Hitler. Here the events of one of the parts I of Tom "War and Peace" are unfolded.
• Austria is the only country of the EU participant, which did not enter into the NATO organization.
• The Austrian flag is one of the most ancient national flags around the world.
• The official currency of Austria - Euro.
• In Vienna, the world's first zoo - Tirgarian Schönbrunn. He appeared in the Austrian capital in the distance 1752.

Penguins in the Zoo Tirgar'n Schenbrunn

• The world's first official hotel appeared in Austria. It's about Haslauer, it happened in 803. Institution and to this day is ready to take guests who arrived in Austria.
• Vienna is the largest cemetery in Europe. It is called zentralfriedhof, and now it is about 3 million graves, including the tombs of such famous people like Beethoven, Brahms, Strauss, etc.
• Many famous composers of classical music are Austria's immigrants - Mozart, Schubert, sheet, Strauss, Brookner, and others. The country does not forget about his heritage, there are many annual classical music festivals.
• Arnold Schwarzenegger - Actor, whose name knows everyone, as well as twice the former Governor of California, was born on the territory of the Austrian village Tal, which is located near the city of Graz.
• The world of Austria is obliged and the founder of the German company of Luxury sports cars Porsche - Ferdinand Porsche.
• More than half of the country's area occupy Austrian Alps - almost 62%.
• Austrians - convinced Catholics. Among the followers of this faith 74.5% of the Austrians. Interesting is the fact that since 1991, the number of atheists in the country increased by 5%, and amounted to 12%.
• The name of Austria occurred from German Osterreich, which means "Eastern Empire". The term appeared during the sacred Roman Empire.

Krimml waterfall

• Austria is the highest waterfall in Europe - Krimml. Its water falls from a height of 380 meters.
• Favorite sport among Austrians - Football.
• The cost of defense in Austria is negligible - only 0.9% of GDP, or 1.5 billion dollars. Among european states This is one of the lowest indicators.
• On the streets of Vienna and others large cities Austria has dispersion machines. It is enough to insert a coin there - and alcohol intoxication will disappear.
• Austria is the birthplace of the Vienna Waltz and the first ferris wheel.

What is the difference between the Austrians from the Germans? What do the Austrians seek and what? How do they see us - Russian-speaking tourists and residents of Austria? In this cycle of articles, we go together in a fascinating journey in search of the peculiarities of the national nature of the Austrians.

Eternal rivals

It is no secret that citizens of Germany often went on a step ahead of the Austrians. 30 years ago on the average income of Munich residents, the neighbors from Salzburg could only dream, and the first Volkswagen - "Cars for the People" - became the usual standard first for German, but only after some time and for Austrian families. This also includes such an enviable summer journey in Rimini. While families from Germany enjoyed recreation in Bella Italia, the Austrians spent their holidays in their homeland due to lack of funds for something else. Austrian complexes and about the small sizes of their country that once representing an immense empire. As the former French Prime Minister Georges Clemanso was not very flattered: "The Austria included what remains."

Tourists comparing Austria and Germany marks another feature characteristic of the Austrians. The neighbors-Germans are called "Schlamperei" - a certain tendency to disorder and inaccurability. But any inaccurability is made in comparison, and the Austrian Schlamperei is especially striking against the backdrop of supercharged Germans.

Sense of humor

For the Austrian sense of humor, some sarcasm and self-criticism is characteristic.

Frequently asked for me: Will the Austrians fight humor of Russians or Ukrainians, will they laugh at the company during the workshops that our compatriots often spend very fun? Most likely, you will not understand. The participants of the seminar will replace an indulgent smile of the Austrian, and the cases when you feel truly on the "single wave" will most likely be the exception.

Marriage and children

The Austrians are not very hurry to tie themselves to the marriage Uzami, and the usual age for marriage and the first child gradually moved over thirty. But even the presence of children is not a reason for the official "Yes, I want." Together, living pairs that are not married are called in Austria "Lebensgefährent" - satellites of life. Do not be surprised if three juvenile offspring are waiting for such "satellites of life" at home, no "mother" and "dad", but by names - for example, Claudia and Karl.

Culture

The centers of high Austrian culture are rightfully considered the majestic Vienna and Salzburg, the city of Mozart. And even if Mozart himself left Salzburg at a young age and preferred to live and create in Vienna, the residents of Salzburg to this day are assigned the name "Mozart" by everything that only can cause the interest of guests of the city and become a source of profits. So in Salzburg, you can find the square of Mozart, Mozart Bridge, the house where Mozart was born, a house where the Mozart Cafe lived, Mozart Cake, Mozart Coffee, Mozzarth (Conservatory in Salzburg), Mozart Week (during which concerts dedicated to Music genius), year of Mozart and even ... Mozart's balls (MozartKugeln) - candy with marzipan filling.

If we talk about the contribution of Austria to world culture, we should note the vein, the city of composers. It was here that Gayden, Bruckner, Male, Schubert, Schönberg, Strauss, and Brahms and Beethoven, lived and created their musical heritage.

Titles and titles

Estimation of the communication centuries or, as the Austrian themselves, Vitamin B (vitamin "dating") were a decisive factor for climbing the career ladder. To know someone "useful and important" and today will be an undoubted advantage in a number of life situations. Probably, this is precisely this circumstance due to the love of the Austrians to titles and academic degrees. In Austria (in contrast to Germany), it is customary to call a scientific degree of the person to which you appeal. It is also important to note that titles are often automatically assigned to the spouses of professors and doctors. So, the appeals of "Mrs. Professor Schmidt" or "Mrs. Dr. Muller" are not always a sign of the special intellectual abilities or scientific achievements of "Mrs.", and indicate the fact that it is married to Mr. Dr. or Professor (which can also be considered as a kind attainment).

And what struck you in communicating with the Austrians? What did you like in the mentality, and what is not very? Leave your comments!

Everything is very simple. A two-headed eagle was the coat of arms of the Austrian Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Empire (see Article). Modern official symbol of Austria has only one head. The Austrians still remember times when their country extended far to the east and included Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Croatia and Bosnia. To the old coat of arba, they relate to nostalgia and trepidation.

Economy: What do Austrian earn and how do

The economy of the Austrian Republic is very developed. In terms of GDP per capita (this figure shows how much useful the average resident of the country) Austria is located at the 11th place (the IMF list at the end of 2013).

Russia in this list at the 48th place, while in the Alpine country there are no oil, no gas, there are no fossil resources in large quantities. The Austrians first of all make a bet on labor productivity, the purification of spending and a reasonable approach to business.

Large income in KazNU brings tourism, although it is not the main thing in the country's income.

First of all, ski tourism is popular here. In Austria, there are seven year-round resorts for winter sports lovers and countless winter resorts.

And the Germans would not be the Germans if they did not develop the tourism industry in other directions. Vienna is one of cultural capitals Europe, attracting millions of travelers per year (see Article). There are many castles, palaces and natural attractions in the country, sightseeing tours are very popular.

Do not forget that Austrians, however, like most residents western Europe, very love personal space. In transport in Austria, usually freely, but if people get bigger, try to keep the distance from other people. It is so accepted here.

Austria - small country In the heart of Europe with a rich and exciting history. Special attention deserves the culture of Austria, multifaceted and bright. It is not surprising, because it was formed under the influence of completely different original traditions - at different times the Romans, Germans, francs, and even Slavs lived on her lands.

Austrian culture: architecture, music, literature

Austrian culture is quite interesting. The country is famous for its own architectural monuments, literary works, musical masterpieces, which are a significant contribution of the Austrians to world culture.

Austria managed to create his own unique style that combined his own cultural heritage and traditions of peoples neighboring countries - Italy, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Germany and Poland.

Museums and architecture

In Austria there is over 400 different museums. By visiting them, you can get closer to the amazing history of the country, and also better understand the values \u200b\u200band ideals of modern Austrians.

Interested in the history of Austria can visit the Imperial Apartments, the Museum of Empress Sissi and the Silver Chamber in Hofburg in Vienna. For 600 years, Hofburg was the main residence of the imperial family and, in fact, the heart of the Habsburg Empire. Having been here, you can learn about the palace traditions and the everyday life of the Hofburg inhabitants in the XIX century.

Baroque style architecture connoisseurs are guaranteed bright emotions from visiting the Liechtenstein Museum in Vienna. Among his numerous exhibits masterpieces of such masters like Rembrandt, Rubens, Wang Dyk and others. Here is the famous Badminton Cabinet - one of the most expensive furniture items in the world.

In general, Austria is famous for its palaces, cathedrals and castles, many of which were built during the reign of Habsburgs. Among the most famous Austrian castles can be called Liechtenstein Castle, Hohensalzburg and Hohenverfen, among the palaces - Schönbrunn and Belvedere.

Music

The country is also well known for the work of musicians and composers. It should be noted that the song traditions of Hungarians, Italians and Slavic peoples were essential for the Austrian music. Vienna and Salzburg are considered to be musical centers of Austria. It is in these cities that numerous musical congresses and international-level festivals are usually held. In addition, the International Society of Modern Music is located in Vienna.

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A great contribution to the development of musical culture was made by composers, which in the XVIII - XIX centuries. They went to Vienna for the patronage of the Habsburgs. This allowed the city to become the capital of European classical music.

Great composers were born in the Austrian Earth: Franz Schubert, Arnold Schönberg, Josef and Michael Gaidn, Johann Strauss-Senior and Johann Strauss-Jr., Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, in Vienna, taught and created his immortal works Ludwig Van Beethoven.

Special attention should be paid to the world's famous Vienna Opera. This is not just one of the most beautiful attractions of the city, but also a whole direction in opera art. Viennese Opera ranks first in the world in the number of colorful performances. Once a year, one of the most grandiose events is held here - the Vienna Ball, where there can be famous politicians, musicians, writers and businessmen among thousand guests. The President of Austria is invariably honorary the Chairman of the Bala.

Literature

At the early stage of its development, Austrian literature was closely related to the work of German-speaking nations. In the literature of the XVII - XVIII centuries. Reflected the establishment of absolutism in Austria. Gabsburgs tried to ideologically justify their board. That is why for literary works of that time, it is characterized by an appeal to the ancient and medieval plots that glorify the former greatness of the empires.

The largest figure of the Austrian literature of the beginning of the 20th century was the master of psychological novel and the novels Stefan Cweig.

Currently, the works of progressive realist writers are very popular - Eva Prister, F. Cain, Lebert, Zhiko.

Religion of Austrian lands

Religion in Austria is diverse, as is the country itself. The main religion is Catholicism. So, 73.6% of the country's inhabitants are parishioners of the Catholic Church, 4.7% referred to themselves to Protestants.

Approximately 400 thousand inhabitants of Austria - members of the Muslim communities, about 180 thousand - the parishioners of the Orthodox Church. Representatives of other religions in Austria are Buddhists, Hindus, Sikhi and Jews.

Freedom of religion is fixed at the legislative level. In the tourist areas of the country of church and monasteries, as a rule, are open every day. But in rural areas in most cases they are open only for the service.

If you want to examine the cathedral or temple, you will need to pay tourist excursionbecause independent visits are not approved. It is possible to spend a photo and video recording only with the permission of the administration.

Currently, the term of compulsory schooling in Austria is 9 years. Students who have reached the age of 14 can make a choice: to spend a year in a polytechnic school or go to study at Höhre Technische Lehranstalt (HTL). An alternative to the university is Fachhochschule, where the learning system is more oriented into practice.

Fine art Austria

Under the auspices of the Imperial House of Habsburgs flourished the entire culture of the country. The artists of the XVIII century were left without attention. In the era of the heyday of the Empire dominated Baroque. Franz Anton Maulberch and Johann Michael Rottmeier - the most famous representatives of that time. The works of these artists are distinguished by a kind of negligent manner of writing.

At the turn of the XX century, the pictorial arts of Austria received worldwide fame. Vienna became the center of two important directions - modern and expressionism.

The bright representative of Modern was Gustav Klimt. Austria has a lot of places where you can see his work. In particular, the Belvedere Gallery.

Significant figures of expressionism are such masters like Egon Shile and Oscar Kokoska.

One of the most famous artistic museums of Austria is the Museum of Art History Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. Here you can see a lot of masterpieces of world painting, in particular:

• "Madonna in the greenery" of Raphael;
• "Shub" and "Self-portrait" of Rubens;
• "Gypsy Madonna", "Portrait of a young woman in furs" and "Bravo" Titian;
• "Infanta Margarita Terezia" and "Infanta Philip-Prosper" Velasquez.

Features of Austrian cuisine

Austrian chefs not only collected recipes dishes from different countries and territories (Italy, Bohemia, Hungary, Bavaria), improving and complementing them, but also brought innovations to traditional national dishes that appeared in Austria.

Each region has its own branded dish. As a rule, they differ simplicity of cooking, but each of them has a shared taste. The main dishes of Austrian cuisine are sweets and pastries (which is only the famous Vienna strudel), soups, fish and variety of meat dishes, sausages and sausages.

Popular Austrian dishes:

1. Viennese Schnitsel - a slim piece of veal, branched in egg, flour and breadcrumbs and roasted on creamy oil to a golden crust.
2. Austrian sausages. This dish is very popular and has many variations. Usually sausages are prepared from pork or beef.
3. Bakhavendel is one of the traditional dishes of Austrian cuisine, which is prepared from chicken, dodged in breadcrumbs and fried to a golden crust.
4. Meat on the bone. This dish is prepared from fresh meat and served with various salads and snacks.
5. Studel - famous apple pie. It is prepared from a subtle tender test. Raisins, nuts, cottage cheese and cinnamon - delicious additions to traditional apple filling.
6. Cake "Zaher". This chocolate cake Franz Zane has become one of the most popular in the world. Dessert is a chocolate biscuit, the layers of which are impregnated with apricot jam.

It is impossible not to mention the famous Austrian coffee houses. Austrians are very loved by coffee. Each coffee shop has more than 30 of its varieties.

As for alcoholic beverages, it is worth paying attention to wines that have a delicate fruit taste. The most popular from the Austrians dry white wines. It is noteworthy that the pure wine residents use only on holidays. The rest of the time they prefer different cocktails with wine, for example, white wine with black currant juice (KIR) or soda (GESPRITZER).

Often, real Austrians consider arrogant people, although in fact they are hospitable and welcome. The Austrians honor their traditions and customs, which often can be called unique.

The traditions of the Austrian house are pretty remarkable:

1. When you go to visit, be sure to present the hostess a symbolic gift, such as sweets to coffee or flowers. The Austrians, when communicating, it is not customary to ask questions about the salary and ask for family life.
2. Austrians tremendously relate to their dwellings and contain it clean and perfectly. At the entrance to the house you will definitely offer to wear tissue slippers or just get out.
3. Going to visit, be tidy and polite. It is not necessary to go beyond the limits of decency (it applies to clothes).

Wedding traditions in Austria are no less interesting. Preparation for the wedding ceremony can last a whole year, as the Austrians pay great attention to every little thing.

Wedding in Austria must.

The wedding ceremony begins with salute, which should wake up the bride. Without abduction, the bride and the subsequent redemption does not do any Austrian wedding - this is an ancient and unchanged tradition.

No less interesting the theme of gifts for newlyweds. For this, a special scheme has been developed. Newlyweds make up a list of gifts and send it to shopping center. Then the young agree with the sellers that the gifts do not repeat, and the things they need not needed. After that, guests send the address of the store, in which they can pick up presents.

Austria is famous for various winter sports: figure skating, skiing, snowboarding and jumping from a springboard. Everyone will find here a lesson in the shower. In the summer, swimming, rowing and football are popular. You can also enjoy climbing, surfing or diving. And you can go hiking for new sensations.

Austria - Multicalery and unique countrystriking architecture and blinding the beauty of mountain landscapes.

How and where is the easiest to get citizenship: video

Official name: Austrian Republic

Capital: Vein

Big cities: Graz, Linz, Salzburg

Official language: German, Slovenian

Prevailing religion: Catholicism

Population: 8 375 290 people

Territory: 83 871 km²

Form of government: Parliamentary republic

Currency: Euro

Domain: .at, .eu.

Telephone code: +43

Traffic: Right-hand

Interesting features of Austria

Soccer, skiing and hockey are the most popular sports activities among Austrians.

On the territory of Austria is farmering - the oldest railway in the world, the object World Heritage UNESCO.

Traditions

One of the most important traditions of the Austrians is love and respect for music. Austria presented the world of such outstanding composers like Joseph and Michael Gaidn, Franz Schubert, Johann Strauss and Gustav Maller. The capital of Austria Vienna has been deservedly serving the title of musical capital of the world, the main attractions of this city - musical museums And theaters.

Tourism in Austria

Austria - a peculiar ski "Mecca", a country with rich traditions winter tourism. If you are going to visit Austria at another time of year, you can also pay attention to mountain areas (for example, the city of Innsbruck), just the main entertainment for you will not be alny skiing, but a mountain tracking. And, of course, hurry to see one of beautiful cities Europe - Vienna, the capital of music and colors.

Monuments of UNESCO

Historical center of Salzburg (Middle Ages),
Schönbrunn Palace and Gardens, Vienna (XVIII century),
Cultural Landscape Halstatt-Dakhstein (900-400 BC),
Railway Zemmering (1848-1854),
The historic center of the city of Graz and the castle of Eggenberg (XIII-XX century),
Cultural landscape Wahau (XII-XX century),
Historical center of Vienna (XVII-XX century)

Souvenirs

Tyrolean hat, candy and pastry, Vienna porcelain, music boxes.

When it is better to go

Of course, in the case of Austria, the choice of better time to visit depends only on the goals of the trip. If you are a fan winter species sport, and especially mountain Ski.Welcome to winter. If walking in medieval cities And unity with alpine nature, Austria is waiting for you late in spring, summer and autumn. average temperature July in the plain Austria is about + 19 degrees, January - 0.

Weather now

How to get

Plane. Flights from Moscow to Vienna are made daily, you can choose among flights from Aeroflot, Austrian, Transaero or S7 Airlines. The flight time is 2 hours and 40 minutes. There is also a flight from St. Petersburg (2 hours 55 minutes).

A train. Russian railways We offer our customers the opportunity to get from Moscow to Vienna by train, which departs daily at 23:44. Train retention time 1 day 9 hours.

Car. The distance from Moscow to Vienna about 2,000 km, depending on the route you choose. Transit is possible through Belorussia, in some cases.

Visa regime

Schengen visa required.

Books on Austria