"What is the most important thing in the journey?

See, understand, enjoy, love!

Paints, shapes, aromas, tastes are folded

in bright pictures in memory so that then we

could look at their whole life "

About the country, her history and peoples

Portugal is one of the oldest countries in Europe with a rich history. Portugal is a charming country that can be called a quiet European province, where the virgin nature is serenely adjacent to the developed tourist infrastructure, and the respect to the national customs peacefully gets along with pan-European traditions.

The country of the Great Marithels Portugal is located in the western part of the Pyrenean Peninsula. In the south and west, it is washed by the waters of the Atlantic Ocean, on land borders with Spain. Portugal includes the Azores located in the Atlantic Ocean of about 1450 km to the west of Lisbon, and Madeira Island - 970 km south-west of Lisbon, which are autonomous regions Portugal. The country area together with the islands of 92.39 thousand square meters. km.

The name of the country comes from the name of the Roman settlement Portus Kale (Portus Cale) at the mouth of the Douro River. In 1139, Portugal became independent of Spain by the Kingdom. At that time she took only the northern third of its modern territory. In 1249, the last Muslim ruler was expelled in the south of the country, and since then its borders have changed little. The epoch of the conquest began in the XV century, when Portuguese maritime researchers, such as Bartolomeu Diash, Vasco da Gama, Fernan Magellan, traveled around the world, making great geographical discoveries. By the XVI century, the territories discovered by them formed a huge empire, which stretched from the shores of Brazil to Africa and Asia. It is in this era that the economy of Portugal reached the greatest heyday.

In 1910, the monarchy was overthrown in Portugal, and in 1974, a democratically tuned military junta laid an end to the dictatorial regime that existed since 1926. Portugal is one of the few European countries that have not been occupied by the German fascist troops during World War II.

The Constitution adopted in 1976 proclaimed Portugal to the Parliamentary Republic with direct elections and universal election law for the adult population.

Passing the last of its overseas territories in 1999, Aomyn (Macau), which has owned since 1680, under the management of China, Portugal put an end to the long and sometimes restless, the colonial era in its history.

The events of Portuguese history had a huge impact on the country's culture and brought the features of Moorish and Eastern styles in architecture and art. Traditional folk dances and tunes, especially lyrical FAD, do not lose their significance to this day, which can be seen and hear straight on the streets. According to one of the versions, the name of FADO - goes back to the Latin Word Fatum, which means fate. In the melodies, the songs are harmoniously combined by Moorish, African and Brazilian jerseys, through all the songs the topic of loneliness, longing and premonitions of sad fate passes, but this does not mean that the music of this type is suitable only for melancholics. The ability to sing sadness, turn it in the subject of admiration - one of the national features of the Portuguese, no wonder for several centuries, almost every family of this country was waiting for the sons and husbands, which went to conquer sea expanses, and the journey could end the most unpredictable way.

The population of the country is monofationary, 99% of the 10.8 million population is portuguese. On the Pyrenean Peninsula, many nations have grown out. The most ancient inhabitants - ibera - were low and dark and dark. For centuries, the appearance of the Portuguese was formed under the influence of Celts, Phoenicians, Greeks, Romans, Arabs, as well as German tribes (Visigoths and Alemenov).

Portugal is a monoise country. Official language - Portuguese. People speak more than 200 million people all over the world on three continents: in Eurasia, Africa and South America. This language is similar to Spanish, as both belong to the Iberian-Romanesque subgroup of the Romanesque language group, but with a similar grammatical strictly between them there are significant differences in pronunciation. The German tribes and Arabs (Maurians) were a huge impact on the formation of the language, which the Portuguese borrowed many words, as well as the contacts of travelers, discovers and merchants with Asian peoples.

National Features: Do not question the historical greatness of the country - the Portuguese are proud of their past, especially against the background of a modest place that the country occupies today. Portuguese very painfully perceive comparisons with the Spaniards, despite the similarity of languages, characters and national cultures. The bull battle is also popular here, but, unlike the Spanish Corrida, where the bull is killed, a team of unarmed fighters (forcadus) parses in the Portuguese animal.

In this country, the percentage of rural population is one of the highest in Western EuropeMany foreigners work at its factories, construction and fields, including from Ukraine. Average annual per capita income: 22 500 USD (World Bank, 2011). The average life expectancy approaches 80 years. As in other countries, in Portugal, women live longer, almost 82 years old, but men still do not reach 76. The retirement age is 65 years old, and the actual age of retirement is 61-62 years.

Portugal is a country of great marine travel, grand geographical discoveries and tart port. Soft climate, fresh forest and meadow flavors, light ocean breeze and endless expanses of the Atlantic, unique architecture in the style of "Manuelino" and strong coffee ... All this deserves to get acquainted with this interesting country.

Z.assistance with Porto.

About the cities of Portugal say: in Brage pray, they work in the port, in Lisbon Kutat. From the port began my acquaintance with Portugal. Porto, the second in the population is the city of Portugal with a population of 240 thousand inhabitants, gave the name not only by Portune, but also the whole country. The historic center of the port is located on the right bank of the Douro River, a few kilometers from its place of sign in the Atlantic Ocean. The city center declared UNESCO with worldwide cultural treasure.

The port is well known for its entrepreneurial spirit, characteristic culture and local cuisine. The city is often referred to as the northern capital of Portugal. The port is the largest university in Portugal (about 29 thousand students).

One of the brightest sights of Porto is Clereigush Tower - the highest in Portugal - 76 meters or 225 steps. The church in the style of Baroque was built for the Brotherhood of Cleryers ("Clereigush") architect Nikola Romani in the Roman scheme. Its construction was started in 1732 and was completed in 1750 by the construction of a monumental staircase. July 28, 1748, despite the fact that the building has not yet been completely completed, the church was opened for worship. Torre-Shower Clereigush became the symbol of the city of Porto. She is a national monument since 1910.

The city is famous for producing different brands of Portwine. We attend one of the old "houses of Portverina" - Galem, get acquainted with the history and features of the production of this popular drink. And, of course, we taste some varieties, and who wishes - acquires the fault to taste. Heated by the desirable wines appetite, starting their acquaintance with Portuguese cuisine in one of the restaurants, where we are glad absorbing the national fish dish called "Bakalau".

Having reinforced "Bakalau" and having settled in the ports, gladly walked along the Embankment of the Douro River, on which such cute boats float.

Through the Dora River, four bridges were transferred, connecting the historical part of the city from Vila Nova-Di-Guy - a small town-neighbor, where the repository of the world famous for the whole world is located. One of the bridges (Luis of the first) was built on the project of Gustav Eiffel: the bunk structure of impressive sizes seems to be openwork and lig.

At the highest point of the Old Town, the Ceathedral Ceatory was built. Erected in the XII century on granite scaleHe initially fulfilled the role of fortress. He later was rebuilt, but his harsh appearance retained to this day. Inside the cathedral is not very interesting. The impressive decor lovers can be a luxurious silver altar, for the construction of which 800 kg of silver left, and the courtyard laid out by the famous Portuguese tiles Azulju.

A beautiful view of the city offers a beautiful view from the Cathedral Square.

From the Cathedral to the River, the descent goes through the poorest area of \u200b\u200bthe port. The area of \u200b\u200bfashionable villas is located by the ocean. This can be reached here at the current tram-museum, which has not changed since 1930. He is called the Museum of Electric Machines. However, each of the trams port can serve as an exhibit: inside a vehicle with a tree, the car carrier rules them standing, for the simple reason that the seat is missing for him. When the tram reaches the destination route, the driver moves from the head to the tail, where there is also a cabin, and leads his car "reverse course": the rails in the port ends with a dead end. The most picturesque route runs along the ocean coast. Fashionable villas are visible from the windows of noisy and old trams, loving with wealthy people from all over Europe.

Porto, like other Portuguese cities, is distinguished not only by a kind of architecture, but also because many houses are lined with multi-colored tiles.

From the early Middle Ages and until the XVII century, the law was acted, prohibiting aristocracy not only to be built, but also in the city for more than three days. Even the king did not have in the port of his residence. He stayed at the Episcopal Palace, built Nikolo Nazzoni. This is a masterpiece of Portuguese baroque architecture of the XVIII century. The port city is located all on the hills, there are many funny houses and streets.

Interesting was also a visit to the store and a kind of book museum Livraria Lell - the oldest in Portugal and one of the most incredible beautiful bookstores around the world. Unusual, just a fabulous interior, which is located on two floors of the store. Spectacular and massive decor of walls, ceiling, everything is made of noble wood using the original and unusual threads in combination with surprisingly curved lines of the red staircase, which leads to the second floor. No less impressively looks like a magnificent ceiling made of expensive stained glass. The bookstore is five minutes walk from the city center.

Our attention is attracted and this cute fountain.

It is impossible not to mention the visit to San Bento Train Station. In addition to direct destination, San Benta Station is interesting in its walls-paintings, laid out the tiles of Azulzhush in white and blue colors. The largest of them is made of 20 thousand tiles and decorate the waiting room. This panel fully occupies one of its walls. The picture shows episodes from the history of railways, as well as important moments of the history of Portugal.

When departing from the port, my first meeting with the Atlantic Ocean took place from the port. I go into the ocean, the water is rather cool, but you can still plunge.

Two days in Lisbon

Lisbon is the capital of Portugal and the country's largest city. 570 thousand people live in it. It is located on the right bank of the River Tejo, flowing into the Atlantic Ocean. His story has about 20 centuries. Lisbon built on seven hills, like Rome and Moscow. Also, like Moscow, Lisbon patronizes Georgy Victorious. The city became the capital of the state in 1147 after liberation from Arab colonization. It is obliged to this Lisbon to the first king of Portugal Alfonso Enriches. Based main city The countries were the Phoenicians as a stop at the intersection of sea routes and named Alis UBBO - a blessed bay. The city visited the Roman Empire, Mavrov, Spaniards.

We start your acquaintance from the center of Lisbon - one of the main attractions. In the XVIII century, bulls and public executions were held here. We inspect the Eduard VII Park and the monument of Marquis de Pombala. This is a large green glade with neatly trimmed bushes of the correct geometric shape.

Lisbon - modern european cityLocated on 15 hills. Walking on it has to constantly rise, then descend from the hills. We rise to one of the hills, where, using the guide, we get acquainted with the Moorish fortress of San George. Sometime lived Portuguese kings here, and now one shell with pine groves inside remained from the castle. But this is the highest point of Lisbon and the types of appropriate. From the fortress walls you can see a strange structure - openwork frames in the arch of the arches. To capture views of the Lisbon Alfama River and the ancient area of \u200b\u200bLisbon Alfam, we went through Esplanade and rose to the shaft of the old fortress. San George Fortress (St. George) from ancient times has been a strengthening of the mouth of the Teous River. In 1147, the King Alphonse Enrikish reddished the fortress in the royal residence. In 1511, King Manuel I built a palace outside the fortress, and here posted a warehouse of weapons and prison. With the earthquake of 1755, the fortress was very strongly injured and only in 1938, during the ruins, the ruins were restored, and only a few details resembling the original Mauritan Alkazawa, later - the royal residence, where Vasco da Gama with Pompey celebrated the success of his trip to India. The fortress walls were restored and now you can walk around them around antique Quarter Santa Crush. A variety of exhibitions are arranged in the fortress towers, telling about the history of the fortress and the whole city. Overview opened great view on Lisbon.

From the fortress in different directions, artistic streets with houses covered with painted tiles are scattered. In the middle of each lifting, benches are carefully installed. Most of the streets lead to Alfam - the oldest quarter of Lisbon, who, being built on the rocky soil, survived the earthquake without special destruction. Here once was the center of the Roman city, and later - the center of the Moorish city. In Alpha, the Jews also lived before their expulsion in the XVI century. About the metropolitan city there is nothing reminded: Alfam is rather similar to a fishing village, where the hostess right on the street is cleaning the fish and strife on the doptop sewing machines, and ropes with lodges are tied to growing on the steps to orange trees. Going for a walk to Alfam, set up for the fact that, most likely, get lost - logic, this intricate streets are practically not visible.

Down from the castle we descend on a retro tram, cruising along the route number 28, which resembles the transport of the early last century, and go on a tour of the city center. We pay tribute to how our tram famously climbs on the hill and with the frightening rattle is carried by narrow winding streets. In one of the moments of the trip, we easily use the wall of the neighboring house.

Go out at the bus stop and opens amazing view to the capital. In Lisbon, such sightseeing terraces are called Miradore. We found themselves on the best of them - Miradouro de Santa Luzia. We approach the fence and get into admiration. No wonder Lisbon is called the "White City": we have a whole quarter that we have a whole quarter, sprinkled snow-white houses with orange tiled roofs.

There are many interesting buildings in unusual architecture in the city.

Let's go down on the commerce area, which is considered one of the most beautiful areas of Portugal. Here, the earthquake was built in 1511 by Manuel I royal Palace. In the center of her at a high base, the equestrian statue of the King reformer Jose I, the minister of which was Marquis de Pombal. Majestic Triumphal Arch, decorated with bas-reliefs and statues famous people And connecting the square with the street of August, was completed in the XIX century. Then the area and received its present name "Commerce Square" due to the proximity to the port, which is the main source of city trade. From here there is a magnificent view of the River Tejo, to which you can go down the stairs. On the south side of the square, two square towers rise, and on three sides, the area framed the buildings of ministries and banks.

The next point of our journey is a white area. Where the Temie flows into the ocean, there is a Belemskaya (that is, Bethlehemskaya) Watchtower, and a slightly closer to land. The monastery of Zheronimush takes - an excellent sample of the main national style - Manuelino, that is, gothic mixed with Arabic, marine nodes and astrolabia. Here two world-famous Portuguese are buried here - Vasco da Gama (who despair from the Belem Tower, going to search for an alternative way to India) and Luis Kamense. From Kamense, however, only the tomb was left, the poet himself died from the plague and was buried in some lost common grave.

Nearby is the Casa Dos Pastéis de Belém coffee shop, where they make the best in the city, and perhaps in the country, sweets.

Next to the monastery is the Bethlehem Tower (Torre de Belen), built in the XVI century, is a symbol of Lisbon. This is one of the best samples of the style of Manuelino, the tower is under the protection of UNESCO. It is decorated with lanterns, openwork Venetian balconies, stone carving, the statue of Madonna of the navigators under a hobbies and a rhino sculpture. From the inside the tower looks quite gloomy, - before there was a prison here. The fetrain tower of Belen is known as a monument to the Portuguese era of great geographical discoveries. The Tower, built in 1515-1520 G. and aged manuelino, is a classic symbol of all Portugal. This tower is erected in honor of the glorious military and maritime past Portugal and towers on the place where Kazhells once went to distant countries.

Not far from the tower on the embankment of the River Tejo towards the bridge named after April 25 there is a monument to the navigators.

What was remembered by Lisbon, besides his historical attractions? First of all, the original architecture that combined various styles in itself. We fell in love with its square and streets, laid out with a tile of various configuration and color gamut. They did not leave indifferent and its numerous souvenir shops with all sorts of colored tiles and products from her. Still in the city there is one of the greatest oceanarians. I am pleased to go on a well-known tram route No. 28 for its steep streets and with no less pleasure - under the ground on the subway in modern cozy cars, loved the original interior of its stations.

It's time to say goodbye to the hospitable Lisbon. Move through one of the longest bridges of Europe. 44 months after the start of work (half a year earlier period), August 6, 1966, a solemn opening ceremony took place in the presence of senior states. The construction was named "Salazar Bridge" in honor of the then Dictator of Portugal. Soon, after the revolution, the carnations, the bridge was renamed in honor of the day, when this event was accomplished, the name of April 25th.

Royal Sintra

In the morning we leave Lisbon and go to Sintra. 27 km from Lisbon at the foot of the low coastal mountains of Sierra Da Sintra is a small town of Sintra, which since 1995 included in the list World Heritage UNESCO. The Portuguese themselves consider it the main attraction of the country, Pearl Portugal. Back in the VIII century, Mauri appreciated the defensive importance of this place and built a fortress here. In 1147, Afonus I Annrikesh drove the Arabs and the next 600 years of the city was a summer residence of the Portuguese kings.

Among the luxurious parks, centuries-old forests, fascinating landscapes, the hills of the Palaces, castles, monasteries are treated on the hills.

In the city itself there is a National Palace of Sintra, and in the adjacent mining and timbering area on the hill - Palace Palace-da Pena and a dilapidated castle of Maurus.

Near the station is a beautiful city town hall.

Before lifting up the mountain to the Palace-da Pennaya Palace, I am pleased to walk in the urban part of Sintra, built-up with old mansions. The streets twistly wriggle and often end with steep stairs, the steps are removed on sightseeing terraces, which offer stunning views of the mountains and the ocean. The city landscape is abounding with green forests, exotic flowers and sophisticated palaces.

In the city you can find many castles and palaces, preserved in your primacy. These castles contain important historical and artistic collections, which attracts Portuguese and foreign artists to the city. Not only castles and palaces, but also at home in this fabulous city are interesting and distinct.

The proximity of the ocean I. mountain ridges Provide wet, cool and slightly windy weather, which is perfect for relaxing even in a very hot summer. That is why in the 15th century, the summer residence of the Royal Family of Portugal was the fabulous castle of Palacio-da Pena, who, together with his luxurious park, crowned one of the highest hills of Sintra. Located at 450 m above the city of Sintra, refers to the most significant samples of the Portuguese architecture of the romantic period. Towing on a rocky hill, it is surprisingly harmonizing with surrounding landscapes, combining violent vegetation and rocky cliffs.

The palace was founded in 1839, when the husband of the Portuguese Queen Mary II Ferdinando II Saxen-Coburg-Gota (1816 - 1885) acquired the ruins of the Jerome Monastery and began to rebuild them in their romantic taste to create a summer residence here. To fulfill its fantasies, Ferdinando II appealed for help to a friend German, Baron Eshvegé, and appointed his construction manager. And since in the XIX century, romantic architects have no longer shy to mix different styles, the castle, like a three-dimensional puzzle, gathered from German and Portuguese towers, Moorish arches and courtyards and Indian domes. And to top it was painted all this in bright colors, which admires not only adults, but also children. The fancy-eccentric architecture of the Palace combines the Moorish, Gothic and Manuelin motifs and the spirit of the castles of Central Europe. The palace stands on the top of the mountain, it can be accessed around the perimeter on a special track. Ferdinando II also built here one of the most exciting parks of Portugal, which was designed and planted with plants for more than 4 years, starting from 1846.

This most beautiful and romantic castle of Portugal is a joke called the "Snow Whole Palace" and often compare with the Bavarian Neuschvanstein. The Palace of Pen can be driven by bus number 434 from the city center for 4.5 euros, but you can get along the path on foot.

Climbing the rock where the fortress built by the Moors between the IX and X centuries is located. During the capture of Christians, the fortress surrendered without a fight. After the XV century, the fortress lost its strategic value. A wonderful landscape opens from above: among the sea of \u200b\u200bgreenery is visible and the blue ocean and white-red roofs settlements And the capital.

Down go down on foot to experience the beauty of the surrounding nature more. The whole slope of the mountain is littered with huge boulders, as after the collapse or stonepad. It is not clear how high trees can grow on these stones.

I pass past the ruins of the old Moorish fortress - once life was bullied here, and now only the dilapidated stone walls are reminded of her was the magnitude.

The royal syntre will forever continue in mind as one of the harmonious places of the world, combining and beautiful landscapes created by Mother-nature, and man-made palaces and castles created by talented architects. Lord George Gordon Byron, admiring the beauty of Sintra, called it a paradise place, and after all perpetuated the town in the famous poem "Great Paradise".

Resorts Cascaish and Estoril

After lunch, heading to the western point of Europe - Rock Miss. The path to it runs through the "Portuguese Riviera", with a visit to the resorts of Cascaish and Estoril. Although Lisbon stands on the ocean coast, there are no beaches in the city and those who wish to plunge into the sea bunch or simply relax on the Lisbon coast goes to these resort towns located nearby. These cities are very cute and cozy.

15 km west of Lisbon spread out a magnificent resort - Estoril. Here is a unique microclimate: warm and sunny summer, temperate temperature during the rest of the year. It is from the resort of Estoril originates the tourist industry of Portugal. Slightly more than a century ago, the amazing beauty of nature and the soft Atlantic climate attracted the world elite and representatives of famous aristocratic families into Estoril. Gorgeous sand beaches, Cleaning water and inaccessible to simple mortal hotels traditionally become in demand in humans. Lovers active rest The incredible variety of water-sports entertainment, including 8 of the newest water parks, and beautiful golf courses.

Her Majesty of the Queen of England often rests in Estorile, and the notorious Linda of the Evangelist chose himself a villa. We pass by the hotel in which our first and only USSR president Mikhail Gorbachev rested.

Located just a few kilometers from Estoril and 20 km from Lisbon, Cascaish is a typical pattern of Portuguese architecture with bright tiled roofs and white walls, decorated with colorful ceramic tiles.

The name of Cascais comes from the word Cascale - "Little Stone". The city has a rich historical-architectural ensemble: Museum of History, Maritime Museum, Church and 15th Century Chapels. On the central square there is a monument to Don Pedro.

There are other monuments in a small town. We liked this sculptural warrior.

I really liked this unusual pretty bouquet.

Very attractive walk along upper city With a well-groomed urban park and romantic castle of the aristocrat.

If you move on from the city along the rocky coast, then you get to Ginshu - the kingdom of wide dunes with frequent storm winds. This corner of untouched nature is a real paradise for windsurfing lovers. Here is the picturesque skeleton of the Boca de Infierno ("mouth of underwerld"): the sea washed a hole in the rock, and in these stone jaws now constantly boils "hellish chowder".

Cape Cabo deRoca

The mountain road brings to a break, from which the dizzying panorama of the ocean and coastal cliffs opens. This is the most western point of Europe, Cape Cabo de Roca, which has become a landmark only in 1979. Before that, the Spanish Cape Finisterre was considered the "edge of the world" on the Pyrenees Peninsula (Lat. "End of Earth"). The rock height of 140 meters, as if the ship's nose, is issued in the ocean. Neglecting the guarding bar, I go to her edge. Standing at the cliff itself, I listen to the solemn music of the ocean and filled with its energy. Probably the great Portuguese navigaters, standing at the western banks of the native continent and peering into the boundless ocean dali, wondered: "What is behind these Dahl?" And to find the answer to this question went to distant sea travel.

We have overcome here a difficult path by bus through many countries in Europe from the most western point of the Native Ukraine of the Transcarpathian city of Chop (48º05 's. Sh., 22º08' century). We take care of my memory with our yellow-blue national flag next to the stone stella, on which the coordinates are carved (38º47 's. Sh., 9º30' z. D.) And the inscription " Onde A Terra Acaba E O MAR Comeca.... ". Hipped with fogs or illuminated by the bright sun, this place is the only and unique, where, as the poet Kamaens said: " TOoven the earth and the ocean begins» - This is how the words carved on Stone Stella sound in translation.

And this is a memorable stone.

As a testimony of its presence in such a charismatic place, I acquire a registered certificate in the service center of Cape that was really here. On the reverse side in different languages, including Russian, the following words are written: " I certify that I was at the Cape of Rock in Sintra, in Portugal, at the most western point of the European continent, on the very edge of the world, "where the earth ends and the ocean begins," where the spirit of faith, love and thirst for adventure, prompted Portuguese caravels to go on the road to Search for a new world» .

In the souvenir shop there are many different products about staying at the western point of Europe, especially many souvenirs with drawings on a variety of ceramic products. I choose a magnet to the refrigerator in the form of a small ceramic tile with the image of the cape in memory of visiting this unique place.

But the main thing is that we will take from this place - the memories of what the most western point of the native European continent looks like. The turquoise of the smoothie of the Atlantic caresses the eyes, and the formidable cliffs are called in the memoirs of the legend about the tragic, unrequited love.

We have achieved yourself extreme point Our native continent and on this I finish my story about the journey through the Pyrenean Peninsula, my "Pyrenean Roman".

Porto is one of the oldest European cities, which preserved the features of various eras in his appearance. Local residents say that the port is working for the whole country, and they are right. In the city a huge amount tourist places, industrial enterprises, places of trade and entertainment. The North Capital of Portugal, from which the state and received its name, attracts its many-sided, deep old and modernity, antiquity flavor and modern. Finally, it is the capital of the world famous in the world of Portwine supplied to all countries, an attractive and unforgettable city, where the path of many famous people of the past and modernity began.

Geography

The Northern Capital of Portugal is located at the place of failure of the Douro River (or Douro) to the Atlantic Ocean. Prior to Lisbon, the distance is only 270 kilometers. The port itself is located on the right bank of the river, while his suburbs on the left. Development occurs also mainly north and east, as in the West, just a few kilometers, the ocean expanses begin. The terrain, where the city is located, rather hilly, with significant height differences - from the Embankment of Daras to highest points, more than 100 meters above sea level. This affected the architecture and the overall location of the streets, winding, with many steps. The population of the city itself is a little less than 250 thousand people, but the entire agglomeration of the large port inhabits more than 2 million people. With its huge meaning and impact on the economy, culture and tourism in Portugal, the city has an area of \u200b\u200bjust 42 square kilometers, and the building density is high enough. In the administrative plan, the division into areas has been preserved historical, with its ancient center and newer parts of the city. In total in the city of 15 districts, and they are compact enough. The port is at zero meridian, and therefore time does not differ from Greenwich.

Climate

Just a few kilometers in a straight straight street Avenida da Boavista separate the city from the Atlantic Ocean, and therefore the climate here is completely sea with the enhanced influence of the warm flow of the Gulf Stream. There are often precipitation and small storms, whose season, traditionally, falls on the winter months. At the same time, the heat in the port is practically not felt, due to quite high humidity and pleasant wind from the ocean. The effects of the continental climate is practically not felt. Winter is considered the rainy, but rather warm, especially for russian tourists. average temperature From December to February, no + 5 ° C is not lowered, but winds happen. Freezers in the port does not happen, and minus temperatures are observed extremely rarely. Spring and autumn are distinguished by variable raininess and a change in temperature, which occurs almost unnoticed, as in two months it falls (or rises) with stable indicators. The most popular time to visit the port is a summer period, which, nominally, lasts from May to September with stable thermometer readings from + 17 ° C in the morning, to + 28 ° F. At the same time, the temperature drops during the day can be practically absent, and there is practically no precipitation.

History

The first settlements on the site of the modern port of historians are referred to the period of Celtic peoples that have settled here in 300 BC. To Roman conquest in 136 BC. It was the usual village, which was transformed into a fort with various buildings of military and commercial importance - the name Dali Portus Cale. Over time, when changing languages \u200b\u200band pronunciations, this name has become Portugal, as the whole country is called. After the wins in the 540th year, the fortress was erected here and the bishop of the city was erected, and the city became the center of a small area. Until 1096, when the city and all the surrounding duke was inherited by Heinrich Burgundy, the port was alternately, then under the rule of the Moors, the Kingdom of Leon. Each period imposed his imprint on architecture, culture and art. According to historical data, the last knights of the Templars fled in Portugal from the Roman dad and the French king. In 1387, the wedding of the King Juan of the First and British Princess was held in the port of King - which was the basis of the longest agreement on peace and partnership for the entire European history - between England and Portugal. This document has opened unprecedented opportunities in trade with British Islands, And subsequently, with the British Empire.

In the process of its development, the port, even having lost the title of the capital of the Kingdom, was constantly evolving. In 1763, it began the construction of the famous Cleurigush Tower, which was a guide for ships setting in the port. In 1762, a nautical academy was founded, transformed into a university, the second largest, after Lisbon. In 1876-1877, Gustav Eiffel and his student worked in the port of Porto, who designed two famous metal bridges across the Dora River. In 1872 there was a permanent tram message between the areas of the city. The only war that directly touched the territory of the city is the Napoleonic invasion in 1809, but it did not last long, since the British quickly freed the port and he returned to a peaceful life. Second world War bypassed the whole country that was neutral and helped refugees.
A significant impact on the development of the port was provided by the industrial revolution - a large number of manufactories and enterprises were organized here, which amounted to the basis of today's industrial potential of the agglomeration. The port was always in the forefront of innovation, while remaining an authentic historical city, whose center is fully listed on the UNESCO World Heritage List.

Attractions Porto.

• The first thing that will notice the visitor to the city of Porto is the constant use of decorative tiles in the decoration of the facades of houses. More often began to use articles Brazilian immigrants in the 19th century, which marked the golden age of the decorations of Portuguese facades. First, the tiles signed manually, later, in connection with the industrialization, manual works were replaced by mechanical printing of images. The most striking example of using the tiles of azuluja can be called Chapel "Capela Das Almas). The chapel was built in the 18th century and did not differ in anything special. But in 1929, the walls of the chapel were decorated with 16 thousand tires of Azuju, after which this landmark port was the "blue" among all the churches of the city.

• The main attraction of the city of Porto and his symbol is the Titanic Bridge of the King Luisa I, built on the draft student and companion of Hustava Eifel - Tyofila Seyirig in 1886. The bridge, built 7 years before the Eiffel Tower, reaches a length of 80 meters more than the tower itself - 385 meters and weighs more than 3 thousand tons, the height of the bridge is 44.5 meters. This grand creation has two levels - the lower is designed for cars, and the underground trains are running along the top. At both levels there are paths for pedestrians.
• The visiting card of the city of Porto is also the bell tower of the Church of the Brotherhood Brothericks. The construction of an architectural complex consisting of a church and the bell tower was launched in 1732 by church fraternity, and was completed in 1750. Different people worked on the construction of the ensemble, but Niccolo Ninkie and Mason Antonio Pereira should be noted especially. The bell tower, which crosses the construction from the west side, is considered one of Niccolo Namboli's masterpieces and is recognized as one of the main attractions of the city of Porto. Due to the fact that the bell tower reaches a height of 76 meters, it is the highest church tower of Portugal. It is worth noting that it is in the Church of the Brotherhood of Clerying and the famous architect Niccolo Noboni is buried.
• The Church of Santo Ildontso was built by an unknown architect between the 1730th and 1737th. Despite the discreet facade, the retablot of the altar demonstrates the sophistication and elegance of the construction. Engraving work was performed by Master Nikcolo Noboni. In 1932, the Church of Santo Ildondonso was decorated with the tiles of the work of Jorge Kalaso. Tiles depict the life of the church intercession - St. Ildefonso, in honor of which the church was named.
• Another landmark port is the Church of Karma and Carmelitka Church (Igrejas Do Carmo and Das Carmelitas). Their feature is that these two churches are located as close to each other that they can be taken for a single structure. The male Church of Karma (located on the right) was built in the second half of the 18th century on the project of architect José Fgeiho Seicas. The facade lined with a stone is crowned by a Fantant, inside which there are evangelical figures. The side facades of the church were lined with the tiles of Azulju in 1912. On the left is the female carmelite church. It is noteworthy that churches are divided by the house, the width of which is only one meter (one of the most narrow houses in the world). The appearance of this house is obliged to law, according to which two churches cannot have a common wall.
• San Benth Station in the port was built at the beginning of the 20th century on the site of the Benedictine Monastery of St. Mary. Westbühl Station is covered with 20 thousand tiles Azulju (these tiles are one of the highest artistic achievements in Portugal 20th century). The compositions from the tiles show the scenes associated with the railway and the history of transport, as well as well-known events from the history of Portugal.

Events and festivals

• A variety of events and celebrations are often held in the port, which are confined to one or another holidays. As the former capital of Portugal, the city is quite pompous notes national dates - for example, independence day (December 1) and the Republic Day (October 5). At the same time, other festivals are often held in the city, dedicated, for the most part, to religious holidays.
• The most popular and colorful event in the port is St. Juan's Day - the patron saint of the city. Every year on June 23-24, the entire port is decorated in festive colors, fairs, processions, theatrical ideas and outdoor treats are arranged everywhere.
• Christmas (Natal) and Easter traditionally the most beloved holidays in Portugal, and the port is no exception. The widespread celebrations, parades, ideas and fairs are just a small tolik of what is happening in the city for several days (or the whole December, in the case of New Year's holidays).
• No less popular in Portugal and Corrida, having its own characteristics and distinctive features, more humane and, in some sense, spectacular. The dates of opening and closing the season are always citywide holidays with their rituals and clearly regulated actions.
• The beginning of autumn is also characterized by the widespread wine festivals, which for the city, where Portwine was born, are very important. During the fairs, young and weathered wines are presented, the best varieties and brands of Portwine, Brandy.
• In addition to the main holidays, the port is constantly undergoing different events dedicated to museums (open day), cinema (festival science fiction festivities), music, architecture, books and other areas in art.
• In February, as in all of Europe, a seven-day carnival is held in the port, with processions, parades, ideas and other entertainment events. Another noticeable holiday takes place in September - the International Festival of Puppet Theaters is an enforcement action for adults and children, when the best troupes come from all over the world to present their skill.

Restaurants and cafes

As in all portugal, in the port you can meet a variety of catering establishments - both ordinary cafes with minimal prices and expensive restaurants with Michelin stars. Local kitchen Pretty simple and satisfying, since, for the most part, it has developed historically and is based on seafood. However, there is one dish that distinguishes the city from everyone else. Unofficially, the inhabitants of the port are called Tripeiros, literally - "darkens of the need" - than many are proud. Indeed, the local corporate dish is "Tripas" - cooked from beef needed with a variety of vegetables. Also, it is not necessary to bypass the face "Faizoad" - meat, cooked with rice and beans; "Francesiny" is an analogue of a sandwich with ham, fried beef and sausage with tomato-beer sauce. The bulk of the menu of any establishment consists of seafood, as fresh catch comes daily to the city, where you can meet not only the traditional types of fish, but also quite exotic - for example, a marine line supplied in some restaurants. On the streets, the embankment and in many areas there are small cafes and bars, where it is possible to eat and inexpensively, and try some of the varieties of the famous port.

Shopping

The history and development of the city of Porto are closely related to trade, and therefore it is not surprising that there are plenty of places where you can buy a variety of goods. Tourists are recommended to visit the old and colorful "pain", located on Ria de Sa Da Bandeira, where fresh seafood, vegetables, fruits and a variety of products are constantly selling. The port is a large number of shopping centers, branded boutiques, shops and outlet, which are like famous trademarks and local producers. Family shops are often found, where you can buy various folk fishing products. Of northern capital Portugal must be brought to memory or as a gift:

• portwine - the city is the capital of this drink, in the vicinity of which dozens of species and varieties produce. The real port is better to buy in specialized stores, or in the cellars of manufacturers - where excursions are arranged with tastings;
• azureju is the famous ceramics, traditional only for Portugal. In Porto, it decorate almost everything - from the facades of buildings, to small boxes, brains, chests and other utensils;
• products made of cork tree - another symbol of Portugal and port in particular. The country takes one of the leading places for the production of this type of wood, and local masters will offer a variety of crafts from traffic jams, including shoes, bags, accessories;
• jewelry - the legacy of the Mauris, the Romans and other peoples that have inepeted the terrain affected the crafts. Silver and gold products from local workshops are attractive, distinctive, unusual and gorgeous. Jewelry bijource varieties are very much, and you can choose products at any price;
• olives, Cheese, Hamon, Egg Cream, Wine - Traditional Gastronomic Souvenirs from Portugal;
• figures and products with images of historical attractions - there are a lot of such goods in all souvenir shops, and it is distinguished by the originality, diversity;
• football symbolism - the city is the home of the famous clubs "Porto" and "Boavista" - their attributes can be bought in many souvenir shops and corporate stores.

How to get to the port?

From Russia to Far Portugal, you can quickly get only by plane - direct flights to Lisbon fly from virtually all major cities. Docking routes also have and they can take a fairly long time, as they require transfers to Germany, France and Spain. In the port itself, there is a large international airport of Francischka Di Sa Carneiror, located 11 kilometers from the center, receiving aircraft from all over Europe, including the Loados, but the country's remoteness imposes its trip compensation. Lisbon can be reached by train and bus. Also, these types of transport can be reached from Russia, but with many transfers in large transport hubs, such as Zurich, Madrid, Barcelona and others. Time in the way takes a lot of time and sometimes a transit visa is required to cross some countries. You can get to the port on your own car, but it is difficult, even the city is located on one of the most important highways on the Pyrenean Peninsula. We'll have to cross at least five countries to get to Portugal. Still, the fastest tool is aviation, whether direct flights to Lisbon, or connecting flights to other cities in the world. As a rule, when using inexpensive airlines, you can fly to the port to a maximum of 30 hours.

Transport

The city of Porto is famous for becoming one of the first in Europe, where the tram was laid, despite the rather hilly terrain. To this day, in the historical capital of Portugal, there is an extensive network of public transport:

• metropolitan - five branches laid under the city, combine all its districts and allow you to get to the main attractions, but also to the main transport hubs. For example, at the airport, at the station - immediately there is a metro stop, allowing you to quickly get to any point of the city;
• the tram is a historical type of transport, which is a landmark itself. Routes, and there are only three of them, are laid enough, but the whole port is joining, and most passes through the historical center, which will enjoy the views of the city during a trip from one end of the city to other;
• the bus is a popular and very common type of transport that covers the port, buses are combined with transplant nodes of the metro and tram. Even at the airport there walks three regular routes, which makes it much easier to move around the city. At night, there are also several buses, and there will be no problems to get to the hotel;
• bicycle - gaining popularity of transport, which can be rented in dozens of rolled points. For the port there is one reservation - due to the hillyness of the relief, it will be quite difficult to move on the bike, a particularly unprepared person;
• taxi - black and green and cream cars are everywhere, and their value is quite democratic. You can call a car by phone or catch on the street - the price will not differ. Taxi drivers, perhaps the most polite and cases of the raid of the tariff;
• car for rent - despite the size of the port, there are traffic jams and hindered traffic, but a lot of free parking throughout the city, and on paid value Not much "bites". The city employs both international and national car rental companies. The car should take if you plan to visit the picturesque suburbs, which must be done necessarily when visiting North Portugal.

Accommodation

So historical citywhere kings and aristocracy lived, offers a large selection of hotels in various classes, many of which are located in ancient mansions and residences. All directions of hotels are presented in the port - from exclusive five-star, like Torel Avantgarde, to hostels for 10 euros per day. At the same time, it is possible to settle in any part of the city, since it is small, and the developed network of public transport will allow you to quickly reach the place of residence. The port includes hotels of all famous world chains - Hilton, Sheraton, Radisson, as well as a huge number of large and small hotels with different levels of service and service. In the historical center itself, traditionally arranged the most dear places accommodation, and the farther to the outskirts, the price below. In the suburbs, there is also a large selection of decent hotels, and you will not be much difficult to get from them. Among the four-star is worth paying attention to the hotel Porto A.S. The 1829 Hotel, as one of the oldest in the city, and the choice of three and two-star is striking with their diversity, both in terms of location and at prices. It is worth remembering that in the season hire the number is quite difficult, and therefore it is better to book it in advance so as not to overpay.

Communication

A regular telephone connection is quite common in the port, not only in hotels, restaurants, but simply on the streets - calls to Russia are fairly inexpensive, and at night there are additional discounts. Mobile local and international scale operators are widely represented in the city, and the coating provides a normal connection anywhere in the port. Wireless access to Wi-Fi is almost everywhere, and it is usually free - in hotels, restaurants and bars, shopping centers, public transport, near the majority of attractions. Traffic allows you to track changes without any problems in social networks, communicate through Skype, watch streaming video.

1. Be sure to ride on rare trams in the center of the city, look at all attractions.
2. Visit the famous Livraria Lello bookstore, which has become a prototype of many places from the famous novel about Harry Potter. Here you can also buy a variety of books, any subject and directions.
3. Another place for mandatory visits - Small aristocratic Café Majestic, who was once a place for collecting aristocracy and bohemia, and now rejoicing acceptable prices, original interiors and delicious dishes.
4. Use public transport with Andante's card - an analogue of a ticket with a limited period of action, but makes it possible to save greatly during transportation in the city, especially if you wish to explore as much interesting places.
5. Winter and autumn it is worth constantly carrying an umbrella with me, as the winds and rains can occur quite suddenly.
6. Using a taxi, it is better to choose a driver who knows English, and with which it will agree easier. In the machines of all services are counters, but sometimes the driver can wind more circles to increase the cost of the trip.
7. Climb the Cleurigush Tower, 75 meters high, which can be seen from anywhere port, and it is a symbol of the city. The entrance to the viewing platform costs about 2 euros.
8. Take a walk on Ponte De Don Maria Pia and Ponte De Don Luis First - Bridges, designed and built by Eiffel and his student of the Seyrigom even before the construction of the famous tower in Paris began.
9. For those who have not so much time on a detailed inspection of all the attractions of the port perfectly suits a boat on the Door River, which will help you familiarize yourself with the main attractions of the city and, while will save time.

Port on the map, panorama

The oldest city, which gave the name of a whole country, is incredibly beautiful and attractive. You can wander around the labyrinths of narrow streets and consider the multicolored houses that resemble the toy. Guests of the colorful pearl of Portugal seems to be situated here. The city, a lot of winning in his century, is only better every year.

A bit of history

The first mentions about Porto are dated by the V century. Roman troops founded the port, which was called Portus Cale (Port Calais). Maurians occupied by the territory destroyed all the buildings erected by soldiers. The year 982 is marked by the fact that the settlement becomes Christian, and by order of the Duke of Burgundy, the majestic cathedral is being built.

The official foundation of the city occurred in 1123, after which he blooms and becomes an important economic center of the country. A large port is the main trading node of the whole of Europe. Back in distant times, he was famous for delicious wine - Portwine, who became a landmark drink of the state.

The unusual city of Porto, which preserved many historical monuments, which tilely narrate on his rich history, is the center of the same name and the municipality. Located 270 kilometers from Lisbon, it is full of attractions under the protection of UNESCO.

When is it best to come to the port?

The weather in the city is determined by Golphustrian - the warm current of the Atlantic. In winter, the average temperature is 15 degrees, and in summer the air warms up to 25, and only light breeze can bring coolness. The greatest number Travelers The old town of Porto takes from June to September, when the weather contributes to swimming in the sea.

In February, a cheerful and noisy carnival is held in the city, so book tickets should be booked for this month in advance. And lovers of theatrical performances are in a rush here in September, when the best troupes of the world come with touring, including from Russia.

Museum City

Tourists love to walk along narrow streets and enjoy the spirit of freedom, which is saturated with a charming port (Portugal). Detailed information about the beautiful town will allow everyone to navigate it well in it, so it is recommended to purchase a map cultural Center country. Guests seem like a beautiful ship consisting of vintage houses located in the rocks, proudly floats from turquoise water.

A cozy city in which modern buildings are harmoniously combined with the old, full of unique attractions that have a sense of admiration for tourists. Medieval facilities looking in the rays of sunset mysteriously, fascinate mystical beauty. Unique city Porto (Portugal) A varied architecture resembles an ethnographic museum than the usual settlement.

History Center

Drawn on the hills next to the mouth of the Douro River, many centuries feeding grape vines, admires tourists at first sight of the charming port. The city center, perfectly survived to the present day, is very compact, and it is best to get acquainted with it, a wandering on the paved strokes, which are often moving into steep stairs. From a lively and filled with a special atmosphere, it is recommended to start your acquaintance from the birthplace of first-class port.

City Cathedral

The Ceat Cathedral of the Sé (Sé) of an unusual lead gray shade is located on the top of the hill and visible from anywhere in the city. Erected not only as a church, but also as a fortress, he was rebuilt several times and lost the features of one architectural style. The appearance of the impregnable religious landmarks of Surov and at the same time beautiful. The main decoration of the cathedral is the expensive altar made of pure silver. Romanesque rose on the facade, the covered baroque gallery, the gothic courtyard, the gloomy interior produces an indelible impression on visitors to the fortress sanctuary.

In June, the city of Porto (Portugal) collects a huge number of parishioners who come from different parts of the country to St. Antonio's holiday.

Palacio da Episcopale

Next to the cathedral is the Episcopian Palace, standing out among other magnificent facilities with a 60-meter facade. Proudly towering over low buildings, the historical landmark is repeated several times. Such outstanding dimensions reflect the role of the bishop during the Middle Ages. The modern view of the luxurious structure erected in the Baroque style is the result of the reconstruction of the XVIII century, which the chief architect of Portugal is named.

The architect Italian origin was left behind many great monuments, including the Museum of the Poet Republican Herra Zhunäiru, located near the cathedral.

Exchange Palace

Palácio da Bolsa is considered the main pearl of the old city. Two centuries ago, he was a residence of the commercial elite of the city, and now in the building there is a museum where the collection of paintings and sculptures is presented. In one of the halls of the palace there are heads of states arriving in the city of Porto on an official visit.

Rua Santa Catarina.

On the main pedestrian street Rua de Santa Catarina, the length of which is more than a kilometer, there is a huge number of fashionable boutiques, luxurious restaurants and beautiful buildings performed in the modern style. The shopping heart of the city is one of the main attractions of the port. On a noisy street, located near the train station, a life is free on Sunday, since all the shops are closed. It is at this time that it is possible to consider the unique facades of the old structures of the past epochs.

Bairro DA SE

The walk in the port is not without visiting the poorest quarter of the city. Coloring Bairro-Da-CE with a confusing labyrinth of small streets is of particular interest to tourists. Gloomy surcharge, reminiscent of the passing yards, woven lingerie on color balconies, chopped colorful houses like guests tolerate guests for several centuries ago. The poor people always lived a port, and when in the 60s of the last century he was transferred to open OceanTheir life established for years began to decline. True, Recently, Bairrou-Dae-CE received the status of a security zone, which will help to update the old houses of the poor. There is some kind of magic in these dilapidated buildings, never subjected to restoration, and swinging wooden shutters cut by cracks.

Ribeira.

Attractions of the bright city of Porto (Portugal) are so diverse and numerous that even in a week they cannot be inspected. However, it is impossible not to plunge into the atmosphere of the Middle Ages, which hovers in the colorful area of \u200b\u200bRibeira. Here in the morning until late evening, noisy, and numerous cozy taverns that endure the tables towards Parapet, accept fun visitors. The embankment, located on the shore of the Dora, consists of galleries of streets, courtyards, coffee terraces. Despite the fact that this is a residential quarter, it looks like a real open-air museum.

Multicolored multi-storey houses, some of which have already been restored, are so closely arranged to each other that they are in contact with the balconies. The facades of the buildings are laid out by Colored Tiles Azulejo, and it seems that the vintage walls are decorated with shiny stone scales. Thanks to working at night, entertainment institutions marked the construction time come to life, and small ships moored by the embankment give the flavor.

Ponte de D. Luís

In the old coastal zone there is a famous Louister bridge, which connects the city of Porto from Vila Nova de Guy, from where you can admire the delicious panorama of the ancient capital of Portugal. Steel arched construction, which is part of the historic center, is recognized by UNESCO World Heritage. A beautiful bridge consisting of two spans is designed by a student of the famous Eiffel. The underground line is laid on the top, and the lower is designed for motorists and pedestrians.

Museu Romantico.

In the house where King Carlo Alberto lived, founded a curious museum Romantic. After the death of the monarch, the Officers on the upper floors are kept by the ruler's personal belongings, and at the first place the Institute of Porto (Solar Vinho Do Porto), where visitors will be able to taste more than 150 grades of exquisite wine.

What else to visit in the city?

The Aristocratic Cafe Majestic is an unusual establishment that tells the modern history of the port city. Once there were social figures and the creative elite of the country, and now the local attraction adore for the luxury and unique atmosphere.

Not leaving anyone an indifferent port, the attractions of which are talking about long history, will allow each guest to ride in an old tram, sheathed with wood, and enjoy the view of the Atlantic Ocean from the window.

Of course, having visited the homeland of Portwine, it is necessary to get to the distillers, most of which are near the Ribeir quarter. On excursions, visitors will learn the subtleties of "Porto", will see huge wine barrels and taste the best varieties of Portver.

Located in the center of the city bookstore Livraria, I will love even to those who do not like to read. An unusual interior with amazing stained glass windows, wooden steps, glass shelves causes delight among tourists who arrived in a fantastically beautiful city of Porto. Portugal Country recently became famous for the whole world after the statement of the writer D. Rowling that the Livraria Book Shop became the prototype of the Magic School Hogwarts. And now with numerous visitors who adore the city of Potter, take a fee for the entrance, but the flow of tourists does not dry.

The fabulous city, where I want to go back again, fascinates unique beauty. Hospitable port for which you need to walk on foot so as not to miss any architectural monument, please gourmets, shopaholics, connoisseurs of good wine, theatrots and everyone who loves fun and informatively relax.

Porto - a city similar to the ethnographic museum. He gave the name not only by the whole country, but also the famous Fastener Blade Portven.

Porto, photos of Benjamin Gillet

Porto (Porto) is a city in the north of Portugal, at the mouth of the Douro River, not far from the Atlantic Ocean. In size and meaning, it is listed by the second after Lisbon. Old city Porto is on the right bank of the river. Since 1996, he has the status of the UNESCO object. The architecture of the old center was formed several centuries and was completely preserved. The city in the number of attractions and beauty can compete with the capital.

Modern port is a developed industrial center. In the city with a population of about 240,000 inhabitants since 2002 there is a metro. Through the dora, there are six unique bridges. Harbor Leixoes - an important cargo port of the country. The portugal is working in the port of the port.

How it all began

The history of the city began with the Roman settlement, in the V century. On the left bank of the Door River, the Portus tribe lived, on the right - feces, so the territory was called - Portukale (Portucale). In the VIII century, the settlement was captured by the Moors. In the 10th century, Muslims expelled, a new Christian county emerged - the ownership of Henry Burgundy (Father Afonus Enrikesh).

In the era of the great discoveries, the port survived flourishing. The XIII-XIV century is the time of cooperation between Portugal, England and other countries of the Hanseatic Union. The port was a shopping, bourgeois and industrial city. He always sought to autonomy from the central government and opposed Lisbon. In the XV century became the center of shipbuilding. Local residents have always been distinguished by the rebellious character. Reolings broke out more than once.

It was in the port that the first Portuguese Constitution was adopted.

Attractions Porto.

Luisa I. Bridge

Cathedral of Porto.

Church of St. Ildafo

Modern Art Museum

Art Museum

Museum of electrical transport

Museum of Transport and Communication

Museum of Portwine

Cafe Majestik

Ribeira Quarter, Photo Mariana Daher

The old quarter of Ribeira (Ribeira) on the banks of the river - the heart of the old port. His narrow streets with the distrect facades of houses are confused, like a labyrinth, some houses still stand in the Roman foundation. Many buildings are beautifully decorated with "Azulju", traditional ceramic tiles in white and blue colors. It is always noisy here - numerous restaurants and cafes, colorful taverns are open until late evening.

Embankment of Ribeira, photo an07

Cais Da Ribeira (Cais Da Ribeira) - Pretty Embankment along the Douro River. Here you can see fragments of an ancient fortress wall and ancient cargo ships, which previously transported Portwine, and now serve as pleasure ships. On the waterfront you will make excellent photos and buy souvenirs.

Luis Bridge I Pupil Eiffel

Louis Bridge First, Photo Małgorzata Kaczor

Luisi I Bridge (Ponte de D. Luís) (1886) is one of the business cards of the port. This is a two-level bridge, built on the site of the old stone. Architect - student and companion Gustava Eiffel, Teofil Saryig. Lower level - for cars, it connects the Ribeir district with cellar and wine warehouses of the Satellite City of Vila Nova de Gaia. Upper - for the subway, he connects the area of \u200b\u200bSan Benta Railway Station, with the top of Vila Nova-Di-Guy. Pedestrians can walk along both levels. Luisi Bridge I - one of the best watching sites in Port. Not far from the bridge are the funicular and the remains of the fortress wall Fernandine (XIV century)

Cathedral of Porto.

Cate Cathedral CE, photo E Assad (Massad)

Porto Cathedral (Sé Catedral Do Porto) - a temple rebuilt from the Romance Fortress in the XII century. Massive gear walls and two impressive towers and today give the cathedral of the defensive citadel. In one of the chapels of the temple there is a unique altar made of 800 kg of silver. In 1809, the defenders of the city were repurchased from Napoleonic soldiers.

Episcopal palace

Episcopal Palace, photo Rangaku1976

The Episcopal Palace (Paço Episcopal) is located next to the CE Cathedral. This is a two-story Romanesque building of the XII century, reconstructed in the Baroque and Rococo spirit.

Church of St. Ildefonso, photo Chihping

Church of Santo Ildepso (Igreja de Santo ildefonso), XIII century. Rebuilt at the beginning of the XVIII century, decorated Azulju, more than 11 thousand tiles took the walls on the cover of the walls. In the decoration of the temple, eight original stained glass windows and an organ of 1811 were preserved.

Clereigush Church, Dan Photo

Igreja Dos Clérigos (Igreja Dos Clérigos) - Baroque Church of the Brotherhood Brothericks, built in 1750. The main facade and Timpan are decorated with statues and reliefs, the oil building in the plan has an oval. The church was attached 76-meter Campanil Torre Dos Clérigos (Torre Dos Clérigos), erected in the period 1754-63. This is the highest bell tower of the country, for many years she served as a landmark for sailors. On the sixth tier Torre-Shower Clereigush equipped with an excellent observation deck.

Town Hall

City Hall, Photo Diego Delso

The construction of a city town hall of Porto (Câma Municipal Do Porto) began in 1920, but it became used for municipal purposes only since 1957. The six-story monumental granite building has a basement, two courtyards, a tower with clock-chorants height 70 m, on which You can climb, overcoming 180 steps. Inside are solemnly decorated halls. The interior of the building is made of marble and granite.

Freedom Square, Photo Diego Delso

Freedom Square (Praça Da Liberdade) - Architectural complex of the XIX-XX centuries. In the southern part of the port. Here is the monument to the king of Pedro IV, who bestowed by Portugal Constitution; There is a Palace Cardosas. The Central Station is adjacent to the square (Estação São Bento). And the square itself is surrounded by banks, hotels, restaurants and numerous offices.

Sau-Benth Station

San Benth Station, Photo Concerge.2C

Central São Bento Railway Station (Estação São Bento) (1916) - Anthem Beauty Portuguese Azulju. Magnificent panels on the walls of the building on the plots from the brightest episodes of the history of Portugal are posted from white-blue soles.

National Museum

Suarish-Shower Reis, photo alegna13

Suarish Soul-Reis (Museu Nacional De Soares Dos Reis) - National Museum, opened in 1833, he occupies the neoclassical building of the Kararankash Palace (Palácio Das Carrancas). The basis of the assembly is a collection of work of the sculptor Socarish. In addition to the sculptures, a rich collection of Portuguese painting XIX-XX centuries is presented here, a collection of painting XVII-XVIII centuries, silver, ceramics, interior items, textiles, glass from Portugal and countries of the East.

For connoisseurs of art and history in the port, many various museums are open. The most interesting:
Museum of Contemporary Art (Museu De Arte CONTEMPORâNEA DE SERRALVES),
Art Museum - House-Workshop Antonio Karneiro (Casa -issicina António Carneiro),
Museum of electrical transport (Museu do Carro Eléctrico),
Museum of Transport and Communication (Museu Dos Transportes E Comunicações),
Museum of Portwine (Museu Do Vinho Do Porto).

Cafe Majestik

Cafe "Majestik", Photo Lilly Darma

Cafe "Majestik" (Majestic Café) - the most famous institution of the city, has been working since 1921. Here are pompous interiors in the Art Deco style, a rich menu, a huge range of coffee and desserts. It is said that it was in the cafe Majestik British writer Joan Rowling began to write about Harry Potter.

Portuguese port wine

Portugal is the Motherland of Porto (Vinho Do Porto), it is known to everyone. It was Porto that was the main center of production and transportation of the National Title from the XII century. The name of wine is protected by origin: only liquor wines from grapes, designed in the Dua Valley sold in the port, can be called "Porto". The authenticity and quality of Portuguese portowers are protected by the state. The origin of the beverage confirms the warranty mark issued by the Portuguese Institute of Winemaking. The city has many wine-making companies - large and small. The most famous brand of Portwine produces a family winery Calem. The company founded even its own museum - "Porto Calem".

Entertainment and holidays

In the port love fun and entertainment. Carnavals, processions, costume balls are constantly passing for any occasion. They are accompanied by fireworks, abundance of treats, musical ideas.

In February, a carnival passes in the port.

In June, the Day of St. Anthony is celebrated, the Cathedral of events is becoming the center of events.

On the night of June 24, local residents jump through the fire and arrange fireworks - this is the Catholic celebration of the birth of St. John (São João Do Porto).

In September, the city's international festival of theaters of dolls is held - the public comes from all over Europe.

House of Music, photo marinhopaiva

The city built a large-scale music home; In his two halls, transparent walls were erected.

Night life in the port is also saturated. There are many nightclubs in the city, in which you can have a good fun and relax. Most of these institutions is located on the Ribeir embankment and in the suburb of Matosinhos.

Nature lovers and unhurried walks will appreciate the Botanical Garden, the oldest in Portugal.

What about the weather?

Winter in the port is warm and mild, the temperature is about + 14 °. Summer is rather roast and wet, the air warms up to + 25 °. The greatest amount of precipitation falls in winter. Augustus is considered a comfortable and warm month. The average water temperature in summer - + 17 °.

What is typical to eat?

Portuguese cuisine is simple and satisfy, it is also called "peasant". It uses fish, seafood and meat, and the garnish usually performs rice with vegetables. Be sure to try: beef labor; Fajoada (dish of meat, rice and red beans); Potato soup puree with cabbage; stew cod with peas; Baked trout; Icra from Olives. From exotic: sea den, wolf perch, goat cheese with thick crust.

Sweet dishes are almost all prepared with the addition of almonds and cinnamon. Among the desserts a variety of cakes and cakes, mousses and puddings, crisp cookies and fruit salads.

Souvenirs

Gifts and souvenirs for relatives and friends are better to buy in stores on Santa-Katarine Street. It is there that there are many souvenir shops, street bazaars and antique shops.

The most popular gift from the port is a bottle of Portuguese port. It is worth paying attention to ceramics, products from the cortex of cork oak, the figures of the roosters, shoes and textiles.

Transport in Porto.

Vintage tram in Porto, photo Andreas Nagel

To any urban attractions, which is located within the city, will take a metro consisting of three lines. This is the optimal transport for tourists at the time.

On the city you can move as well as buses and trams. Works night transport. Alternative to public transport - a taxi.

But what should be done in the port, so it is to ride in the old tram of 1930 and see the Atlantic Ocean from its window. The tram salon is trimmed by a tree, the driver controls the carriage standing, because the seats are not.

Not from the species of the Embankment of the Dora River, with multicolored houses of the cells of the ancient district of Ribeira? Bright colors of houses, noisy taverns, built directly on the remnants of the urban fortress wall. That's where, there, then, driving a boat "Rabelush", the most used in the past for the transport of barrels with port. Standing along the embankment of the kaish trays of merchants selling all rubbing ...

01. Last time, describing his walking walk, I stopped at the bell tower of Clereigush's church, offering a wonderful view of the main symbols of the city.

04. Heinrich Navigator of course a notable traveler ...
The authors of the monument, as if by chance, sent him a fantastic finger to

05. Stock Exchange! There, from where the traveler, symbolically screamed finances for his travels. And let you do not confuse the fact that the building was built 430 after the death of Heinrich, the monument to him the authors, put even later!

06. Cooking at the narrow streets of Ribeira,

07. I finally went to the Embankment of the River Dora,

08. And measurement from pleasure, carefully considering the details of bright houses.

12. On the other shore - another city! Vila Nova di Gaya. Here are the famous wine cellar with Portuguese port.

13. Having passed on the Quake Embankment, could not refuse himself the pleasure to climb the Luis Bridge I

14. The most famous port of the port, built in 1886 by the student of Gustava Eiffel (of the Self), Belgian Engineer Theophile Seyirig. The two-tier bridge, replaced the Pennsyl Bridge (1841), from which memorable colons (right) remained.

15. View of the wine cellar (left) Vila Nova-Di-Guy and the monastery of the Order of St. Augustine, located in Sierra del Pilar. The fact is that Vila Nova-Di-Guy is not only a neighboring city, but also an old competitor port. The more wine stored in the cellars of the city, the richer he became. And the monastery was supposed to decorate the city, and become a worthy competitor to the opposite Ribeira. The monastery is really beautiful, and what kind of outdoor opens on both shores of the Dorma River! This is the last circumstance, contributed to the growth of the popularity of the monastery, including the military. So, in 1809, only the future character of the battle of Waterloo, - Velington, worked out the plans of the Portuguese military company of the British army against the Napoleonic army here. And today, most of the monastery is engaged in military, and closed for access.

16. It's time to climb the stairs to the sky

16. On the way to meet wondrous residential streets, you can even sit and relax from the tedious lift.)

18. Unfortunately, Ribeira is in a very deplorable state: there were diligence at home, and today they live the poorest sectors of society. Since the district is protected by UNESCO, the city's authorities are obliged to maintain and restore the Ribeir. Due to this, the composition of the district's population is gradually changing, the former residents are moved to other areas of the city.

19. And the empty houses are waiting for their audience and return the former brilliance, under the protection of the Grozny Knight of Vimara, who once defended the city to Muslim troops in 868.

20. Here, on the square at the CE Ceathedral Cathedral, the Pelourinho Colon is located - once a shameful pillar, which serves as a place of public humiliation of convicts.

21. Now the symbol of justice.

22. The Cathedral of the port looks like a fortress, however, when it was started to build in the XII century, the difference between the cathedral and the fortress was small.) The house of the church capital, built in 1717-1722, remained the Palace of Bishop in the shadows ...

23. So Wimaru Fresh is what to guard on the local hills!

24. Well, finally the top level of the Luisa Bridge I, according to which Metro Do Porto trams ( story will be!).

25. From the height of almost 45 meters,

26. Well visible boats "Rabelush" with barrels of Portuguese wine;

27. And as if toy houses, on the Quake-da Ribeira embankment;

28. And the remains of the fortress wall destroyed during the rearrangement of the urban view in the distant XVIII century;

29. And the running water of the loop river dora seeking to the ocean, between the two lights of competing neighbors.

30. Beautiful bridge. The top level stretched 392 meters, the lower more compromised, only 174 meters.

31. Finally, we got to beautiful, protocol species on the ribeir, which are open from the stron of Vilan Nova di-Guy.

31. Do you know the Ceathed Cathedral on the hill? It was from this cathedral that the city of Porto began. However, the inhabitants of the port, especially in the presence of Lisbon, will not agree with us, rightly consider that the life of the local settlement began long before the arrival of the Romans ...

32. However, the port, as the city, officially began his countdown in the XII century, from the moment the confirmation of the Cathedral Fortress, known today as the Ceat Cathedral of the CE. Around it began to build at home, spreading urban life farther and on ...

33. Today, the port is the second largest city of Portugal. The population is about 240 thousand people. And in the agglomeration of a large port (including all surrounding cities) - 1.75 million people. Almost megapolis.

35. Sandeman is one of the symbols of the modern port. This comrade is a very famous person, his silhouette can be seen here, then there, and everywhere with a glass of wine ... Who could it be?