Creation Antonio Rinaldi - Marble Palace - a gift of Catherine II to his favorite Gregory Orlov for services for the Fatherland, in other words, for active participation in the palace coup 1762, as a result of which Peter III was overthrown, and Ekaterina rose to the throne.

According to the legend, Catherine itself made the sketch of the palace, and Rinaldi, knowing about it, highly appreciated her work and received permission to build.



Construction was carried out from 1768 to 1785 years.
The foundation of the building was lacquered with coins.

The marble palace received its name because of the abundance of marble finishes both the facade and inland chambers.
Only for the cladding of the walls 32 grades of marble were used.

Grigory Orlov did not have time to take advantage of the gift, since it did not survive until the end of construction.
Subsequently, Catherine bought the palace at the heirs of the count in the treasury and complained him to his grandson Konstantin Pavlovich.
The Grand Prince settled in the palace only after marriage with Princess Saxen-Zafeld-Koburg (in Orthodoxy Anna Fodorovna) in February 1796. Later, the bad behavior of the empress was evicted grandson from the palace. Konstantin Pavlovich, who at the time of the wedding was 16 years old (his wife 14), shot in rooms from the gun with live rats and mocked her wife.

And in the XIX - XX, V.V. Palace generally became the generic home of the great princes of the Romanov dynasty from the branch of Konstantinovich.
In the palace, someone has always stayed or just lived.
For example, in 1795-1796, there was a plated leader of the Polish Confederates of Tadeush Kostyutko, who after the death of Catherine II liberated Paul I.
In 1797-1798, the marble palace occupied the former Polish king Stanislav Augustus understood. He dwells here with his yard out of 167 people and 83 representatives of the suite.
For the reception of the king and his environment, part of the marble palace was rebuilt
V. Barn.
During the years of its existence, the palace was repeatedly rebuilt inside: first in the Barnish, for understood, then a small anfilad was rebuilt along the Neva and partly - in terms of millions.

Konstantin Pavlovich in the end returned to his residence, but then, becoming the governor of the kingdom of Polish, left Petersburg.
After his departure, the palace passed the court office and here they began to give apartments to the court fins. And in 1832, after examining the palace, he was recognized as an emergency and overhaul began.

The next perestroika took place in 1845, with Konstantin Nikolayevich, and her brother painting Karl Bryullov - Alexander.
I will not go into technical details.

After Konstantin Nikolaevich Palace owned his son, Konstantin Konstantinovich, famous in the literature under the pseudonym K.R. After his death in 1915, the widow left the palace.

During World War I, a hospital for wounded officers was located in the palace.

After the February Revolution in the ground floor of the Marble Palace, the Ministry of Labor of the Provisional Government.
After October 1917, the building was nationalized. Most of the artistic collections were transferred to the State Hermitage.

Over time, the People's People's Commissariat worked here. After moving the government to Moscow from 1918, the device of the authorized drug addict, the management of museum palaces, the Academy of History was located in the palace. material culture (In 1919-1936), society of sociology and the theory of art, the central bureau of local history.

After the Elimination of the Academy, the Marble Palace was transferred to the Leningrad branch of the Central Museum of V. I. Lenin. The building was rebuilt for museum purposes on the project N. E. Lancere and D. A. Vasilyeva.
Were saved Main staircaseMarble hall.

In some rooms, art decoration was installed. The museum opened on November 8, 1937. On January 22, 1940, the entrance was established by a armored car, from which Lenin performed on his arrival in Petrograd on April 3, 1917. In 1983, he was renovated and once again set on the marble palace on April 15 of the same year.

In 1992, the marble palace was transferred to the Russian Museum. Bronvory V. I. Lenin was sent to the Artillery Museum.

And now, in fact, the photo.
At the entrance to the palace, in front of the front staircase - the bas-relief depicting the chief architect - Antonio Rinaldi


The front staircase is decorated with sculptures f.shubina "Night", "Morning", "Day", "Evening", "Autumn and Spring Equinox"

The door of the time of Rinaldi in the art gallery

Parafon over the front staircase

The most beautiful of the halls of the palace is the marble, the walls of which are faced with the Ural, Karelian, Greek, Italian marble and Baikal Lazarith.


Plafond on the ceiling


Domestic Crystal Chandelier


Set of parquet


Almost all the doors in the palace remained since Rinaldi, they simply led to

Bas-relief on the wall and fireplace

Next door to the marble hall there are rooms where the Museum of Lenin was previously located. Since intricate bourgeois phintiflushki prevented the right perception of the image of the leader, all architectural excesses, as well as walls of artificial marble, were painted, as if mothballed. The current restorers simply remove the paint on the ceiling, detecting gilding,


and on the walls - a tricolor artificial marble is well preserved under the paint

This is a white (dance) hall. On this day, a banquet was held here


Stucco over the entrance to the hall


Lighting in all rooms dim. As the guide explained, now they do not produce ordinary 100 - candlelights, only energy-saving, which ridiculously look in the ancient lamps, so they buy weak, but suitable for design.

Fireplace with a mirror - original

Winter Garden

On the site of the winter garden was before Hanging garden under open skycreated by Antonio Rinaldi. In 1846, the architecture of the hall completely changed Alexander Bullov, reconstructed part of the premises of the palace on the eve of the wedding of the Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich and the Grand Princess Alexandra Josephovna.

The hall was blocked by a caissonated ceiling, resting on 2 cast-iron columns, and from the south side is closed with a glass wall. Instead of apple trees and cherries in the garden, exotic plants were planted in the garden, marble sculptures were installed among the greenery, and the fountain is equipped in the center. The garden was connected to a flower bed with three open arched openings.

In the period when the building occupied the Lenin Museum, the hall stopped being a garden: the fountain and decorative greens were removed, the glass doors were placed by the Ilyich monument, and the pictures of the revolutionary content were shut on the walls. After closing the exposure, the room was not used. Restoration began in 2005
During the restoration work, a fountain was recreated, 4 lashes from uranium glass with gilded bronze and a large three-gravel glazed door leading to the royal room. From the collection of the Russian Museum in the hall 2 sculptures are installed - "Neapolitan fisherman playing on Mandolin" (A. Bok, 1862) and "Amur, leaving the Moth" (M. Popov, 1872).
Caissonated ceiling


Lamps

Fountain

Sculptures M. Popova and A. Bok

Those the most doors, near which Ilyich mood

Immediately at the winter garden there is a royal room,


in which the floor of the Rinaldi Parquet Parquet is preserved.

Then we went outside and through the arch, framed by niches with sculptures,

past the Italian courtyard, the view of which opens from the Winter Garden,


Konstantin Konstantinovich went to the personal rest of Konstantin Konstantinovich and his spouses, Elizabeth Mauriciyevna, neborn Elizaveta Augustus Maria Agnes Saxen-Altenburg.

About the most K.R. It is necessary to write separately, so interesting and versatile man. This is a poet, translator, playwright, an outstanding figure of Russian culture, President of the Academy of Sciences, one of the founders of Pushkin House
They had 9 children with his wife. Children's rooms in the palace were decorated as fabulous Tereme.. Unfortunately, they are not preserved in pristine.
But the personal quartes of the prince and Princess did not imagine interest for the next owners of the palace, so the interior of the male half was completely preserved.
Unfortunately, it was impossible to remove there, I managed only to grab the parties, decorated in a Russian style, decorated with wood,

Table - original

ceiling in the library

and walnut cabinet.


Photo of the library itself, the gothic musical living room and the personal office of the Grand Prince took

In the rest of Elizabeth, Maurician was removed, yes, in fact, nothing:


this is a former marriage bedroom


Very beautiful room, I do not remember the purpose

Actually, on this excursion ended.
To the courtyard to the long-suffering monument to Alexander III, who replaced here at least a long-suffering armored personnel carrier Ilyich.


This monument to Paolo Trubetsky was initially in 1909, was established on the Znamenkaya Square (now - pl. Uprisings).
The place of installation of the monument is associated with the merits of Alexander III as the founder of the Siberian railway track from St. Petersburg to Vladivostok.

For the figure of the rider, P. Pottstvo P. Pustov, who has great external similarities with the emperor posed. For the figure of the horse, the prshrelon breed was chosen - heavy and massive, under the figure of the emperor.

The monument caused an ambiguous public reaction - from delight to a sharp rejection.
Nicholas II himself, according to Alexander Benua, expressed the desire to "Send a monument to Siberia." There was a legend in the city, according to which the monument to Alexander III was supposed to be established in the Urals mountains, on the border of Europe and Asia, so it was created by such massive and heavy. It was assumed that the monument would be viewed from the windows of the rush train, from a long distance, so the massiveness of the statue would not be so rushed into the eyes.
Peola Trubetskaya himself signed peculiarly about the monument. To the question of what idea is laid in this monument, he was laughing: "I do not engage in politics. I portrayed one animal on the other. "
Poems were rapidly spread around the city:
Stands on the square of the chest
On the chest - hippopotam
On hippopotal - climb,
On the conversion - cap.
In 1937, under the pretext of the reconstruction of the area of \u200b\u200bthe uprising and laying of the tram paths along the Nevsky Prospect, the monument was removed to the store.
In 1939 he was transferred to the State Russian Museum, and the monument was moved to the Mikhailovsky Garden.
And in 1994, the monument was installed at the Marmara Palace.

Among the many architectural and historical monuments of the world there are special, incarnate a whole layer of architectural directions, the names and fate of the famous personalities of the past centuries. A vivid example of this can serve as a marble palace in St. Petersburg - a colossal majestic structure, a real "marble fairy tale". Now it is one of the famous tourist objects of Northern Venice, striking the gradation of the size, splendor and virtuosity of decoration. The richest history of the palace associated with the royal dynasty of Romanovs cannot not worry and interest the people of the 21st century.

A nice bonus only for our readers - a discount coupon when paying for tours on the site until December 31:

• AF500GURUTURIZMA - Promotional 500 rubles for tours from 40,000 rubles
• AFTA2000GURU - Promotional for 2,000 rubles. for tours to Thailand from 100,000 rubles.
• AF2000KGURUTURIZMA - Promotional for 2,000 rubles. For tours to Cuba from 100,000 rubles.

In the mobile application Travelata acts promotional - AF600Gurumob. He gives a discount of 600 rubles for all tours from 50,000 rubles. Download app for and

Cabinet arrangement

In the design of the cabinet interior is mainly used natural wood and leather. Walls decorated with highly artistic canvases and portraits are saved by gold-plated leather wallpaper illustrated by the royal coat of arms. The ceiling is covered with a red tree, furniture made of different types of wood, oak parquet ripples floors. The prince's chair, based on the front "legs" in the form of gold-plated swans with raised wings - a special raboration of the office.

Other rooms of apartments

In the interiors of other rooms is also present in the tree design. The musical "Gothic" living room, decorated unusually picturesque in the Gothic-style wooden openwork panels at the bottom and gown ornament with a gold-plated ornament. An elegant layout of the Gothic temple, installed on the panel, decorates one of the walls of the living room. Black lacquered piano of old work symbolizes the purpose of the room.

Owners

The replacement of the owners of the marble palace, dictated by time and circumstances, can be built into a symbolic row.

The first owner of the Palace is the closest favorite of Ekaterina. Orlov, an adjutant general and owner of many other ranks and ranks became the owner of the palace, without surviving the official opening of 2 years (died in 1783).

• The second owner - grandson Catherine Konstantin Pavlovich was the owner of the palace until 1831. Moreover, in 1797-98, the building was given under the residence of the last Polish king S. A. Konacovsky, who died suddenly in 1798).
• The third owner is another grandson of Empress Konstantin Nikolayevich granted a palace in 1832, when he was 5 years old. Until the majority of Prince in the building lived a numerous court jelly. Becoming the Prince's wife, the owner of the palace along with him was the great princess of Alexander Iosifovna, a bright outstanding personality of his time. During the life of K. N. (1827-92), the palace was called Konstantinovsky.
• The fourth owner was the following grandson of Catherine I - Crown Prince Konstantin Konstantinovich, who won the building until 1915, making a peculiar temple of art. In magnificent halls, dramatic performances were arranged, the musical concerts of great musicians and composers were held, creative meetings of writers and poets were organized.

Exhibitions and exposition

In Soviet times, a branch of the Central Museum of the Marmara Palace was organized by the branch of the Central Museum of V. I., which was the first example of using the architectural monument in the new capacity corresponding to the requests of society. The work on the reconstruction of the premises was led by architect N. Lancere, and the museum was discovered in the sadly memorable for the country - 1937. The museum's expositions acquainted in detail visitors with the life and revolutionary activities of the leader of the proletariat.

Modern Concept - Propaganda Art

Today is the most beautiful building northern capitaltransmitted by the Russian Museum - a center for demonstration of works of "Russian art in combination with world trends. Here, through permanent and temporary expositions and exhibitions, the objects of painting, sculptures and other genres are widely represented. A variety of thematic exposures are regularly organized:

• Collection of Rzhevian brothers (masterpieces of graphics, painting, sculptures, applied art items - just 503 copies).
• Konstantin Romanov - the poet of the Silver Age (in the authentic setting of his office and the music lounge).
• Museum of Ludwig (works of German classical art 19-21 c).
• Dialogue of German sculptors E. Barlach and K. Collees with Russian contemporaries (220 works of modernists and works of Russian masters).

In addition, temporary exhibitions are constantly conducted, demonstrating world art.

Legends and Traditions

Like all significant architectural monumentsThe history of the marble palace is surrounded by myths. One of the legends is that when booking the foundation in it, a box was unimpressed, to the top of the royal coins. Although there are no accurate information about it, but rumors about the mysterious box continue to live. There is a legend about why the Empress took the Palace presented by Konstantin Palace. Allegedly for the fact that he, being a 16-year-old, shot from a cannon with alive rats, scaring his young wife. One of the legends tells about the secret door, through which Catherine penetrated a date with Orlov, when the palace was erected.

(Function (W, D, N, S, T) (w [n] \u003d w [n] ||; w [n] .push (function () (ya.context.advmanager.render ((Blockid: "Ra -143470-6 ", Renderto:" yandex_rtb_r-a-143470-6 ", async: true));)); t \u003d d.getelementsbytagname (" script "); s \u003d d.createelement (" script "); s .type \u003d "text / javascript"; s.src \u003d "//an.yandex.ru/system/context.js"; s.async \u003d true; t.parentnode.insertBefore (s, t);)) (this , this.document, "yandexcontextasynccallbacks");

The marble palace is one of the most beautiful buildings of St. Petersburg. It completes the composition Palace Embankmentwhich starts at the Winter Palace. Missed it seems that the palace seems to grow from the granite of the Neva. Gray-pink granite and marble walls echoes the colors of the St. Petersburg sky.

Marble Palace, Picture of the XIX century

In the Petrovskaya Epoch there was a Pite House. In 1714, a wooden building of a postal court with a pier appeared at this place. In 1716, it was prescribed, on the second floor Peter I organized the Assembly. The embankment in those times was called postal. After the time at the place of the postal court, a playpen was built, which later burned down.

On October 10, 1769, a huge palace began to build a great palace on the orders of Catherine. The architect was famous Antonio Rinaldi. However, according to one of the St. Petersburg legends, the empress personally sketched a sketch of the future structure. Sculptures were performed by Fedot Ivanovich Schubin. The Italian Master Antonio Valley, Austrian I.Dunger and many other famous sculptors and painters took part in the work. More than 100 Kamenotesov worked daily at a construction site.

Ekaterina Great presented her favorite another palace - also built by the project Antonio Rinaldi.

Palace was intended for a graph Grigoria Orlova (1734-1783) As a gratitude for his active participation in the events of 1762. In 1773, he responded to his Empress a huge looked diamond in 189.62 carats, which is now stored in Diamond Fund In Moscow and wears the name "Orlov".

Long 16 years old have been construction. In 1783, the Count Orlov died, and without waiting for the end of work. In 1785, when the marble palace was ready, Catherine bought it from heirs for 1.5 million rubles.

Monument to Alexander III in the courtyard of the Marble Palace

In 1780-1788, a service corps was built in the eastern part of the project on the project of architect P.E. Georov, where the stables, a playpen, a kasher, hay sheds, etc. were located on the second floor there were apartments for servants. The new building deployed the facade of the Palace, facing the current Square of Suvorov. The grille was installed between the buildings, for its stylist resembling a fence.

In 1796, the Empress presented the Marble Palace to his 16-year grandson, the Grand Duke Konstantina Pavlovich, on the occasion of its marriage with Princess Saxen-Calfeld-Koburg Julian-Herrietta-Ulrik, in the baptism of Anna Fedorovna. However, soon Catherine was forced to take away the gift "For unworthy behavior" - the young prince shot in the corridor from the cannon with live rats, and his 14-year-old spouse was forced to hide in a vase.

In 1797-1798, the marble palace becomes the residence of the last Polish king Stanislav Schnisovsky (1732-1798). For him and his suits, part of the halls was framed V. Breno. Then, A. Voronichin continued to design the palace.

After the death of the concept, the palace returned to the possession of Konstantin Pavlovich and belonged to him until his departure to Poland as a governor of the Kingdom of Polish. In the future, the Palace owned the court office, passing the apartment to the court ranks that interviewed the interiors to their taste.

In 1832, Emperor Nicholas I presented the marble palace to my second son, the great prince Konstantin Nikolayevich. The palace by that time dilapidated, and in 1843-49 his reconstruction began on the project of architect A.P. Brullov. Brullov retained appearance Buildings and, mostly, its layout. A number of rooms he designed in the style of Gothic, late Renaissance, Rococo and Classics. A service case was prescribed, its facade was decorated with pilasters. Technical improvements have appeared in the palace: air heating, pneumatic furnaces, elevator prototype, water supply machines.

After restructuring, the marble palace named Konstantinovsky, although there was a palace with the same name in Strelna.

In 1888, the owner of the palace became the son of Konstantin Nikolayevich - Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich, highly educated person, President of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Poet of the Silver Age. In his rest on the first floor, an English office, gothic and musical lines, lower library were decorated. Palace became one of the centers cultural life Petersburg.

Marble Palace, pre-revolutionary photo

During the First World War, palace premises were converted as a hospital for wounded officers. After the February Revolution, various services were located in the palace. In 1919-1936, the Russian Academy of Material History was located in the walls of the Marmara Palace. Since 1937 - Leningrad branch of the Central Museum of V.I. Lenin. Almost all the floors of the II floor were rebuilt, the interiors are lost. Preserved initial finish only the front staircase and marble hall.

Marble room, photo from the Internet

Before the front entrance on the pedestal, the Armor of Capital was installed, from which on the night of April 3 to April 4, 1917, near the building of the Finnish station, V.I. Lenin was played. In 1990, the armored car was dismantled, and in his place they put the marble "Ford Mondeo" - a monument to the "Century of Motor".

In 1992, the dilapidated building of the Marble Palace was transferred to the Russian Museum, work began to restore initial planning and interiors. The North-West Correspondence University of Technical University is located in the service building.

In 1994, at the place of pedestal for the armored car was established equestrian statue of Emperor Alexander III. It was made in 1909 by the sculptor Paolo Trubetsky and stood on the Znamenkaya Square (now the area of \u200b\u200bthe uprising). After 1937, she managed to preserve in one of the closed courtyards of the Russian Museum.

Transportation of the monument to Alexander III in November 1994, photos of white

Exhibitions in the Marmara Palace

Currently in the Marmara Palace are placed permanent exposition Russian Museum, dedicated to Russian art of the XX century:

♦ "Foreign artists in Russia of the XVIII-XIX centuries",
♦ "Ludwig Museum in the Russian Museum" - a gift of collectors of Peter and Irena Ludwig: works of modern European, American and Russian artists,
♦ "Collection of St. Petersburg Collectors of the Rzhevsky Brothers",
♦ "Konstantin Romanov - the poet of the Silver Age."

In addition, exhibitions of works of modern Russian and foreign artists are held.

Facade of the Marble Palace on the part of the Neva, photo from the Internet

External and interior decoration of the Marble Palace

The marble palace is built in the style of early classicism and is characterized by the wealth of interior decoration, which was supposed to emphasize the power and masculine of its owner.

Special expressiveness Palace gives a combination of finishing stones of different colors and textures. 32 grades of marble, granite, agate went to the outer and interior decoration of the palace. White marble was brought from Italy - it was cheaper than to transport him from Siberia. Other marble varieties were mined from Karelia and Estlandia, white marble for sculptures - from the islands of the Greek Archipelago, Agatha - from the Urals. The copper roof was made in Sestroretsk and was so high quality that he served for about 150 years without repair.

The basement is decomposed with pink granite, which is perfectly combined with the Granite Navel Embankment. Upper floors are lined with gray. The portico is made of pink tivy marble.

Marble Palace by Neva

The thickness of the walls of the palace is 1.5-2 meters. The total height of the building is 22 meters, the height of the Corinthian orders of the upper floors is 12.5 meters.

The main facade of the palace is facing the garden, where the red channel was first held (subsequently buried), which brought the Neva with the sink. Above the entrance to the palace is written: "Gratitude building." Upstairs - a turret with a clock, on the sides of which the figures are melted loyalty and generosity of F.I. Skubin.

According to Rinaldi, the stone finish of the facades of the palace continued. It is distinguished by the restraint of the design. Statues Morning, day, evening and night symbolize childhood, youth, maturity and old age. Between the II and III floors, the sculptures of spring and autumn equinox are established. On the ceiling - the panel of the German painter I. Krista "Court of Paris".

On the first floor of the palace there were kitchens, boiler houses, other office space, as well as church of Introduction to the Temple of the Most Holy Virgin.

The front staircase leads to the second floor where the abrasions of the Paradinary Rooms are located: the Varnish Hall, the Tsarist Living Room ("Hall"), Gallery (Orlovsky Hall), Chinese Hall and Marble Hall. Behind them - the personal rooms of Grigory Orlova.

Lacquer trimmed with wood. His walls were decorated with wooden carved panels, depicting the feats of Alexander the Great (now stored in the State Hermitage). Initially, the ceiling was decorated with a picturesque plander I. Cris "Court of Paris", subsequently transferred to the parade staircase.

"Collected Hall" Deeds Catherine Great. Velvet walls are decorated with vensels of the empress. Under the carved canopy with the crown, there is a parade portrait of the empress, in front of which a pedestal was installed with a vase decorated with military trophies.

Picture gallery Located in the southeastern part of the palace. 206 works are presented here, among which are paintings by Rembrandt, Titian, Rafael. The portrait was 91 portrait of all representatives of the house of Romanov and ruling European monarchs of that time. In addition, there were horse portraits of the Orlich brothers.

Chinese Hall It was finished in a fashionable style at that time and served as a parade dining room.

- The most luxurious room of the marble palace. According to the project A.rinaldi, he was mon-date, was rebuilt into a two-pilot A. Brulylov. Its walls are separated by various marble varieties and are decorated with bas-reliefs originally made for St. Isaac Cathedral. The ceiling decorates the picturesque ceiling "Wedding Amur and Psychia" of the work of S.Terelli.

Marble Palace

The marble palace is the oldest building on the Marsfield, one of the most beautiful palaces of St. Petersburg, built in 1768-1772 in the place of the Petrovsky Postal Mazanko Yard on the project Antonio Rinaldi for Favorite Catherine II Count Gregory Orlova. Named "marble", because various marble grades were used in its internal and external decoration. For a long time, the Museum of V. I. Lenin was located in the palace (now the branch of the Russian Museum).

It would seem that - famous building With a famous history. When I offered Viktor Mikhailovich this topic, he doubted. But we still decided to take a chance. And it turned out that's what.

Antonio Rinaldi, the builder of the Marmara Palace, was born in 1709 near Naples. He studied from Luigi Vavititute, one of the largest architects late Italian baroque.

In 1752, Rinaldi arrives in Russia. Rather, in Malorosia - so they called Ukraine. He was invited by Cyril Razumovsky, the All-Fisher then Hetman Malorusia. He began hetman at 22, and at the age of 18 was appointed President of the Academy of Sciences. Everyone knew that such a high appointment was associated with the fact that his brother Alexei Razumovsky was the favorite of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna and, by rumors, her morganotic husband. Razumovskiy from Ukraine took place, grave oxen as a child. Alexei had a wonderful voice, he was noticed, they took the singers in the capital - and there he drew attention to the empress. At one time Alexey Razumovsky - "Night Emperor of Russia", as he was called - was omnipotent. But I left a good memory about myself: I didn't lie to politics, I didn't do evil to anyone, I didn't suffer from anyone, they didn't suffer and, they say, until the death of the deathly, he kept in the cabinet in the office a shepherd scroll, in which once came to St. Petersburg. And the relatives did not forget. Cyril received a decent education and, becoming hetman, decided to make the city of Baturin the capital of Malorus. And what else: the palace, stone houses, the university ... and Antonio Rinaldi builds the Göttoman Palace in Baroque in Baturin. When in 1764, Catherine II cancels Hetmanity, Baturin remains in possession of reasonable. Later, Charles Cameron rebuilds the palace, taking into account Rinaldi plans.

Antonio Rinaldi

The first building of Antonio Rinaldi in the St. Petersburg province - Cathedral of St. Catherine in Yamburg (Kingisssepp). An elegant lightweight building resembles a cake with shot down cream and is still a symbol of this little city.

Upon arrival in St. Petersburg, Antonio Rinaldi called himself "architect of the Grand Princess". It is essential. After all, Officially, his customer was Peter III. Apparently, Rinaldi was a supporter of the future Empress Catherine II. Therefore, it is not surprising that when she climbed the throne, and Peter III died "from the attack of hemorrhoidal colic" in Ropsch, it was Rinaldi to become the leading architect of St. Petersburg. Oranienbaum - Catal Slide, Chinese palace. Gatchina is a big palace. Tsarist village - monuments of military glory. Prince-Vladimir Cathedral on Petrogradsky ... The name of Rinaldi is associated with the mansion of mattle on St. Isaac Square and - what is the most interesting - with home number 12 along the embankment of the car wash river. This is the last Pushkin address. Rinaldi himself this house, of course, did not build. But at the beginning of the XIX century, the old one else is Petrovsky, the unknown architect rebuilt. And he took the marble palace prototype, although, of course, the house number 12 on the embankment washing was not so luxurious. Some experts believe: "According to the total nature of the building, a significant similarity with the general architectonic building of the Marble Palace" is noticeable.

Marble Palace from the Palace Embankment. year 2014

And about Rinaldi, it is known that he was a romantic, a videos, an enthusiast of his case - for example, some special marbles for decoration in Italian quarries were self-width.

Alas, in 1784 an accident occurred: the architect fell from the forests when examining the Bolshoi Theater (on the place where the conservatory is now). He went to Rome, but until his death in 1794 received a pension, 1000 rubles. a year appointed by him Empress Catherine II.

But back to the marble palace. He was called the "gratitude house" - after all, the favorite of Catherine II Grigory Orlov was an active member of the coup of 1762, erected her to the throne. At one time I even walked rumors that Catherine was going to marry him. But she, apparently, prompted that the "Mrs. Orlov" could hardly remain an empress of the All-Russian.

Marble Palace by Neva

Rinaldiev's facades of the marble palace reached us almost unchanged. The main facade is East, the one that is now coming into the garden. It is noticeably the other. The garden initially extended to the Red Channel, connecting in the XVIII century a sink with a big Neva. (He passed along the western border of Marsov fields and was covered in the 1770s). Maneja buildings (A. Bryullov, 1840s) on the opposite side of the modern garden then did not exist. The northern facade is perceived through the Neva, so it is more discreet, without small details. The main "chip" here is a combination of marble and Nevsky water overflows. The sculptural decoration of the palace performed the wonderful master Fedot Shubin.

Manege built by A. Bryrylov, a service, a rather modest building. But on the sides of the garden he decorates the long bas-relief "The adoption of a horse in the service of man." It depicts 33 Konya - the largest tobun in the city! The author of the bas-relief is the incomparable Peter Klodt.

The service corpus of the marble palace and a fragment of the bas-relief P. Klodt. year 2013

I have already mentioned that Grigory Orlov did not have time to live in the palace. After his death, the palace was taken to the treasury. At one time, the exile lived in it - the King of Poland Stanislav-August is understood, sometime the favorite of Catherine (he was even considered the father of Paul's first). In the Marmara Palace, King Stanislav and died. He was buried in the church of St. Catherine in Nevsky (Joint Creation of Antonio Rinaldi and Jean-Batista Valen-Demoty), then in 1938, the king's dust transported to Poland and ran into the former target estate of understatement 35 km from Brest. Later, these lands joined Belarus, the grave of the king was plundered. Only in 1988, on the wave of restructuring, at the request of the Polish government, the Soviet archaeological expedition was looking for the searches for the burial of King Stanislav. Alas, a little preserved, and what has survived, it was transported to Poland and was stubborn, finally in the Church of St. John in Warsaw. And about the marble palace has long been told: "For one favorite, it is built, the other here died."

Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich

The next owner of the palace, the second son of Paul I Grand Duke Konstantin, left a uncomfortable memory about himself. Man he was rude, hot-tempered, real soldier. His wife Anna Fedorovna, Duchess Saxen-Koburg's Duchess, hid in a huge vase, when Konstantin Pavlovich was entertained by shooting by idle charges of a cannon along the corridors of the palace. In the end, the poor Great Princess fled to the parents. The great prince and direct criminal persons also stained himself - he and his drinking companions were kidnapped and discounted some kind of Mr. Arazo, the mother of two children. "It was the most vile story that was overwhelming the beginning of the reign of Alexander." The unfortunate woman died, without preparing mocking and shame. Since Ms. Arauzo was a foreign subject, and not the powerless Russian, Emperor Alexander I commanded to pay it to relatives of 20 thousand rubles. And sent Bratz Konstantin away from Russia - the governor to Poland.

The Polish beauty of Jaette Bruzinskaya, who became a morganotic wife, who became a little quince, somewhat calmed the Grand Prince. Emperor Alexander suggested her Title Prince Lovich. Konstantin did not have legal children, and the marble palace moved to the Great Prince Konstantin Nikolaevich.

Konstantin Nikolaevich, the second son of Nicholas I, by family tradition Preparing for the marine service. Commanded the frigate "Pallada" (later on it committed trip around the world Goncharov). Founded the Russian Geographical Society, the "Marine Collection" - a magazine in which Goncharov was printed, Stanyukovich and others famous writers. Konstantin Nikolaevich seriously engaged in the affairs of the maritime department, and the Russian fleet is obliged to many princes. In family life, he was first very happy, married the beauty of the Duchess of Saxon-Altenburg, who took the name of Alexandra Josephovna during baptism. But then fell in love with the ballerina Anna Vasilyevna Kuznetsov, the side daughter of the great tragian Vasily Andreevich Karatygin.

Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich

Many knew about the second family of the Grand Duke. Emperor Alexander III was negative about the behavior of the uncle, but, despite the refinement to Konstantin Nikolayevich, in 1883, in 1883, the patronymic "Konstantinovichi", the name "Knyazev" and the personal nobility, and in 1892, were heard. Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich finished his life, which suffered a helpless old man. His unloved wife looked around for him.

The marble palace was inherited to the eldest son Konstantin Nikolayevich, too, Konstantin. Konstantin Konstantinovich entered the story of Russian literature as the poet Kr.

In those carefree years

we did not know everyday prose,

how good then

how fresh were roses.

Marble Palace

Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich

According to the warehouse of character, the tendency to mysticism and melancholy, of course, would prefer Konstantin Konstantinovich another life, far from Musters and shooting. But - Romanovs were supposed to serve the king and Fatherland primarily on a military field. It was not discussed. Therefore, I had to become the poet of the Kyrgyz Republic from the very birth, to become the chief of the 15th Tiflis Grenadier Regiment, the young men - to start a service in the maritime department, who led his father, the Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich, and in the future - to command the Transfiguration Regiment, to be a boss, then - General Inspector military-educational institutions. Of all the Romanovs, only the son of Konstantin Konstantinovich Oleg came to military service to the Higher Civil Education Institution - the Tsarskoyel Lyceum, and successfully graduated from him. By the way, Oleg Konstantinovich issued on his own expense of Pushkin's manuscript, he himself wrote poems (though, rather weak), - the word, tried to move away from the obligatory canons of the behavior of the Romanov family. At the beginning of World War I, Oleg Konstantinovich died at the front.

Konstantin Konstantinovich died in 1915. I did not see how the building of the Russian Empire collapsed, as the imperial family died. Konstantin Konstantinovich did not happen and find out that His sons John, Igor and Konstantin, together with the Grand Duke of Elizabeth, the Great Prince Sergey Mikhailovich and Prince Vladimir Paley, were alive with the mine near Alapaevsk. Of all the "Konstantinovichi" male can only be saved by Gabriel (literally broke out of the Lap of Chekists Ballerina Nesterovskaya, in which the prince of Gabriel married), and a fifteen-year-old Georgy.

And one more poetic page from the history of the Marmara Palace:

Wind, full of the Baltic Salt,

Ball blizzards on a Mars field,

And invisible ringing hooves ...

And immense in that anxiety

Who lives a little left

Who only asked God from God,

And who will be forgotten forever.

Anna Akhmatova.

"Poem without a hero"

In Manege, after the revolution of 1917, Assyrologist Vladimir Casimirovich Shileiko lived. In 1918, he married the poetess Anna Akhmatova, which was in love for a long time. By the way, and Schileiko himself wrote good poems:

In the fierce of Godina

Last sound of height,

Short song swan

You left one star.

Marriage quickly collapsed. Shileiko, according to the expression of Akhmatova, was a man "unsuitable for joint residence", but the unloading of a short life on the Marsfield remained in the "poem without a hero."

"The angle of Marsov fields. The house built at the beginning of the XIX century by the Adamint brothers. It will be direct hit by air bombs in 1942. High bonfire burns. Heard strikes bell ring from the rescue on the blood. On the field behind the blizzard of the Palace Bala. In the interval between these sounds, silence itself says. "

For a long time, the Museum V. I. Lenin was located in the Marmara Palace. They say it actually saved the palace from looting. Yes, and money for repair and restoration of such a museum, probably did not regret. Now this is a branch of the Russian Museum. And in the kindergarten in front of the palace for a long time there was a bronvine "Enemy of Capital", from which, allegedly, Lenin was performed. Mattering historians questioned the very fact of performance (few), the type of armored person (somewhat more) and whether it is a brotheriem in general or just similar (many). Now the armored person moved to the Museum on the profile - to the Military Historical Museum of Artillery, Engineering Forces and Communications Troops. And his place is "temporarily" (there is nothing more constant than the temporary) took a monument to Alexander III of the sculptor Paolo Trubetsky. In 1899-1909, when Trubetskoy worked on the monument, a special workshop of glass and iron was built on Old Nevsky Prospect, near the Alexander Nevsky Lavra nearby. According to Grand Prince Vladimir Alexandrovich, Trubetskaya created a caricature on his brother. However, the sculpture of Mary Fedorovna was a widden Empress, and her opinion was decisive.

... on horseback hard,

In the ground I rubbed, stop the hoofs,

In the dismissed, the excitement is inaccessible,

Real, squeezing ultrasound, standing.

So V. Ya. Bryusov expressed his impressions of the monument in the poem "Three idols".

Monument to Alexander III at the Marmara Palace. year 2013

The monument is not simple - he can personify the fortress of the mains, the inviolability of the laws, the hardness of the views - and stupidity, stubbornness, and to the personality of the Emperor Alexander III.

Spent a monument and numerous epigrams:

On the square of the chest,

On the chemicals dresser,

On the hippos of the climb,

On the conversion cap.

(On the conversion of the hat,

What a fool is this daddy?)

There is another epigram

Third wild toy

for Russian Hall:

There was a king bell, king gun,

and now the king is ...

(Rhyme substitute yourself).

In the revolution, Znamenskaya Square is the place of rallies. The monument, apparently, strongly irritated the protesters - then the red bow of the king trailers, then the poster will hang with the poems of Demyan poor:

Later, these "immortal lines" knocked on the pedestal of the monument.

In 1937, due to the reconstruction of the area of \u200b\u200bthe uprising and the laying of the tramways along the Nevsky Prospect, the monument was removed and transferred to the Russian Museum. He was stored in the courtyard of the museum and during the Great Patriotic War Almost died. At the beginning of the war, the museum employees dug a deep hole, but could not omit it a heavy bronze sculpture. We had buckets and bags of sand with a barge standing on the sink. As a result, the statue was still covered with sand, she was covered with boards and top covered with logs. Nevertheless, a monument to Alexander III was the only sculpture in Leningrad, which received a direct hit of an artillery projectile. However, the shelter still endured.

Now Alexander III "registered" in the courtyard of the Marmara Palace. A high pedestal created by Fedor Shechor, unfortunately, is lost. There is a proposal: Return a monument to the square, and the stelehouse located there (" Horrible dream Parachutist "," Bnyow in the throat of Nevsky Prospect ") transfer to the area of \u200b\u200bcourage.

This text is a familiarization fragment. From the book another Petersburg Author Rotikov Konstantin Konstantinovich

Chapter 13 Million Street. Marble Palace. Marso field. "Comedan Total" and "Stray Dog" Teamons of the Hermitage. - Knight on Winter Palace. - Cute Personality of Peter III. - Hermitage officers. - Lenya Kenegserser as a tyranto. - Count A. I. Sologub. -

From the book Museums of St. Petersburg. Large and small Author First Lesushina Elena Vladimirovna

Menshikov University Palace, 15.Tell.: 323-11-12. Metro: Vasileostrovskaya.. Working: Tuesday - Saturday - 10.30-18.00, Sunday - 10.30-17.00, day off - Monday. Kassy closes an hour before Closure of the museum. History museurization built in 1710-1714

From the book Palace in the history of Russian culture. Experience typology Author Nikiforova Larisa Viktorovna

Mikhailovsky Palace Engineering Street, 4.The.: 318-16-08.The metro station: "Seating courtyard". Working: Monday - 10.00-17.00, Wednesday -Voice - 10.00-18.00, day off - Tuesday. Kassy closes for an hour before visitors with limited mobility. On issues

From the book of the ascets of the old Persia Author Nepomnya Nikolai Nikolaevich

Konstantinovsky Palace in Strelna: Congress Palace as a Topos of Civil Society Palaces of Congresses appeared in European countries in the late 1970s of the 1980s. Congress as a form of scientific communication is at the same time organization and self-organization

From the book Alexander III and his time Author Tolmachev Evgeny Petrovich

From the book another side of Moscow. Capital in secreys, myths and riddles author Grechko Matvey

From the book two Petersburg. Mystical guidebook Author Popov Alexander

From the book Folk traditions of China Author Martyanova Lyudmila Mikhailovna

Slobodskaya Palace The neighboring palace, usually called Slobodsky, began to build a Bestuzhev-Ryumin Chancellor in the middle of the XVIII century for himself to conveniently sit next to Elizabeth Peternoy, if it happens to live in the Lefortovo Palace. Finish

No. 17/46 Palace of Stroganov 1753-1754, FB Rastrelli; 1788-1800-E., Inner rearrangement, F.I. Demertsov, A.N. Voronichin Ancient and the famous genus of Stroganov (Strogonal), the largest industrialists in Russia and landowners, made a huge contribution to the development of domestic

From the book of the author

№ 39 Anichkov Palace 1741-1754, M.G. Zemtsov, GD. Dmitriev, FB Rastrelli; 1776-1778, Perestroika, I.E. Stars The extensive area between the garden street and the fontanka belonged at the beginning of the XVIII century by approximate Peter I, the first Politzmeter General of St. Petersburg

From the book of the author

Marble Palace The Marble Palace is the oldest building on the Marsfield, one of the most beautiful palaces of St. Petersburg, built in 1768-1772 years on the site of the Petrovsky Postal Mazanko Yard on the project Antonio Rinaldi for Favorite Catherine II Count Gregory Orlova.

From the book of the author

Prince Palace Ancient information about the princely palace reports ibn-Fadlan. He says that the Palace of Prince is a huge room where up to 400 people can be at the same time. It has the throne, on which, towering over his servants, sends