In the island Republic of Indonesia, there is the island of Java, which has become the world record holder for population. On the world map it is located in South-East Asia. The island of Java is covered with tropical forests, which are adjacent to the stone jungle of the capital of Indonesia - Jakarta.

The island is located in the middle of the Indonesian archipelago in Southeast Asia. On the map, it is located between Eurasia and Australia, next to the island of Sumatra, which is located just north of Java. On the south side, the island is adjacent to the smaller Sunda Islands and Bali, and on the east - the islands of Sulawesi and Malaysia.

Java Island on the world map has the coordinates:

• Geographic: 7° 17' 56" South 109° 56'06" East.
• Decimal degrees: longitude -7.298904; latitude 109.942516.

Height above sea level 3675 m.

Length and width of the island, area and shape

The island stretches for 1,000 km in a west-east direction, and is 205 km wide. Its area is about 130 thousand km 2, of which 44 thousand km 2 are covered with tropical forests and impenetrable jungles.

The island has an oblong shape, similar to a horizontally lying boot. The shores of Java are washed by the Indian and Pacific oceans, and from the north by the Java Sea. Java is separated from Sumatra by Sunda Bay.

A significant part of the island's territory is occupied by 120 volcanoes, 30 of which are considered active. The island also has a large number of rec. But the main source of fresh water is the bed of the Solo River.

The territory of the island is divided into:

• western;
• eastern;
• central.

How to get to the island?

There are several ways to get to the island.

By plane

Java has 6 airports international communications. The largest of them is Soekarno-Hatta in Jakarta, which accepts large-capacity airliners and is also used for transfers when traveling within the country.

You can get to the island of Java by plane from Jakarta.

The remaining 5 terminals near the cities of Bandung, Yogyakarta, Surakarta, Jatiwangi and Surabaya have connections only with the city of Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia and international airports in Thailand. The island of Java can also be reached from the city of Moscow.

Several airlines operate flights to Jakarta:

Airline name	Transfer	Final destination	Frequency of flights per day
Qatar Airways	Doha	Kuala Lumpur	1-2
thai airway	Bangkok	Jakarta	1
Singapore Airlines	Singapore	Surabaya	2
Emirates	Dubai	Jakarta	1

On average, any flight takes at least 20 hours.

On the ferry of the national shipping company "Pelni"

This type of transportation can be used to get to Java from other islands:

• Bali;
• Sulawesi;
• Sumatra.

Ports in Java are located in the cities:

• Jakarta;
• Surabaya;
• Semerang;
• Cirebon.

Getting around the island

The island of Java on the world map stands out for its length. It is used for fast movement.

Aircraft

Between the cities of Java, flights are carried out from the airports of the cities of Jakarta and Surabaya by the following companies:

• Garuda;
• "Merpati";
• "Mandala";
• Batavia.

Railway

There are 4 railway networks on the island of Java:

• Northern: Jakarta - Chiberon - Semarang - Surabaya.
• South: Jakarta - Bandung - Yogyakarta - Surakarta - Surabaya.
• Eastern: Surabaya - Sidoarjo - Bangil - Pasuruan.
• Western: Jakarta - Tangerang - Serang - Chilegon.

Each electric train has several types of cars:

• air-conditioned compartment;
• seat place;
• economy with a small number of seats.

Bus

You can also travel between cities by bus. It is worth noting that this type of transport on the island is considered the most inconvenient, since flights do not have exact timetable departures and arrivals, and wandering musicians enter the salon along the way, who, after an impromptu concert, require a small payment.

Month	Western part of the island				Eastern part of the island
	Average temperature, degrees		Number of rainy days	Water temperature, degrees	Average temperature, degrees		Number of rainy days	Water temperature, degrees
	Day	Night			Day	Night
January	28	22	15	28	31	24	21	28
February	28	22	15	29	33	22	19	29
March	29	22	12	30	32	24	18	29
April	30	23	11	30	33	26	12	30
May	31	24	9	30	36	27	5	30
June	30	24	5	29	36	28	3	29
July	30	25	5	28	34	27	1	28
August	30	25	2	28	34	28	1	28
September	31	25	5	29	33	26	2	28
October	31	24	11	28	31	27	7	29
November	30	23	12	30	32	27	9	30
December	29	23	15	29	31	26	18	29

The buses also do not have air conditioning, and if they break down, no other transport is provided.

car rental

You can rent a car at the hotel or at rental offices. It should be noted that the roads on the island are practically not being repaired, and in combination with a two-lane road, this makes travel time-consuming, as there are a lot of traffic jams on the island.

Motor rickshaws and motorcycles

The most convenient and popular transport on the island is the rickshaw. Carrier services cost little money. But such a device cannot travel long distances.

Climate and weather in Java island by months

Java Island is located almost parallel to the equator, so the temperature here ranges from 26 ° to 32 ° all year round. The climate of the island is equatorial and subequatorial, so the humidity varies from 70 to 95%. Favorable for rest is the time from March to October, the rest of the time in Java it rains heavily.

The determining factor of climatic conditions are monsoons:

• northwest wind forms rainy weather;
• the southeast monsoon determines dry weather.

In different periods, the weather on the island of Java may vary slightly:

Attractions of the island

Java Island occupies a significant area on the world map. It contains most of the sights of the Indonesian Republic. Some of them are included in the UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Bromo-Tenger-Semeru National Park

The attraction is located on the territory of East Java near the city of Malang. The name of the park consists of three words: the names of the two peaks Semeru and Bromo and the names of the local aborigines - Tenggers - living in the territory. The area of ​​the park is about 500 km2. On the territory there are jungles, several lakes.

50 rivers and waterfalls, as well as volcanoes:

• Bromo;
• Batok;
• Kursi;
• Watangan;
• Vidodaren.

All volcanoes are surrounded by volcanic ash, which is called the "sea of ​​sand" and forms entire deserts. The entrance to the park is through the rural settlement of Ngadisari around 3-4 in the morning, as the sun sets by 17.00 and the park closes.

In the Bromo-Tenger-Semeru National Park they visit:

• Mount Bromo, on which the crater of the active volcano of the same name is located.
• Top of the Seven. They climb the mountain for several days without special devices.
• Mount Penanjakan. At the top there is an observation deck that offers a wonderful view of Bromo and the Tengger caldera. Most often, sunrise is met at this peak.
• Top Batok. Batok Volcano is considered inactive and heavily overgrown with jungle. The ascent to the mountain takes about an hour. From the observation deck at the top, the Bromo crater and caldera are clearly visible.
• Temple Pura Luhur Poten, on the territory of which Yadna Kasada is celebrated - the triumph of teggers.
• Madakaripura waterfall located inside the rock.

Temple complex Borobudur

Borobudur was built around 800. BC. The temple complex is located in Central Java, about 42 km from Yogyakarta towards the northwest. Borobudur is a 9-tier structure that has over 500 Buddha statues and over 2,000 bas-reliefs.

At the base of the temple there are 6 square slabs of different sizes, and on top there are 3 round platforms. At its very top is a dome surrounded by 72 Buddha statues.

Borobudur received the status of the largest building dedicated to the traditions of Mahayana Buddhism. The area of ​​the temple occupies 55 thousand km2, and the dimensions of the lower slab are 120×120 m. Borobudur temple was restored in 1982 and included in the UNESCO list.

Prambanan temple complex

Prambanan was erected in the 10th century. The complex is located in Central Java, 17 km from Yogyakarta towards the east on the south side of the Merapi volcano. The temple complex was restored in 1950, and in 1991 it was included in the UNESCO list.

The historical monument combines Buddhist and Hindu features and was erected in honor of Shiva, Brahma and Vishnu.

The Prambanan complex includes 200 temples, some of which have not been restored. Its main part is considered to be 3 temples above the center of one of the platforms. Nearby are the shrines of the bull Nandi and the riding bird Garuda.

Not far from them are the temples of Sewu and Lara Jonggrang, which are the main attributes of the Parambanan complex. Between them are smaller structures: Lumbun, Asu and Burakh.

Mount Merapi

The active volcano Merapi is located 22 km from the Borobudur Complex and the city of Yogyakarta. This is the most large volcano on the island: its height reaches 3 km. Merapi belongs to the Pacific volcanic ring.

The volcano is activated every 6-7 years in the form of strong eruptions, and 2 times a year in the form of small ones. In 1673, the volcano destroyed several cities in Java, this eruption was the most powerful in the history of Indonesia. The last major eruption occurred in 2006, when more than 3 thousand people died. Despite the great danger, ascents are made daily on the mountain.

You can climb the volcano from:

• villages Village;
• the villages of Kaliurang;
• suburb of Surakarta.

On the observation decks you can meet the sunrise or watch the sunset.

Old city

Java Island is rich in attractions. On a world map near the city of Jakarta, a territory of 1.5 km 2 is visible called Old city. In Indonesian, it is called Kota Tua and represents the main trading hub of Indonesia.

The old city was founded in the 14th century and in the 3rd century the city received the title of the main port center of trade. By the end of the 18th century, a fortress wall was built around the Old Town. Kota Tua is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The city combines many cultures, times and religions. Not far away is Chinatown with the oldest temple in the history of Java - Vihara Dharma.

Museums are also located on the territory of the Old Town:

• history of Jakarta;
• Arts and Ceramics.

Taman Sari Water Palace

Taman Sari is a whole complex consisting of:

• pools;
• grottoes;
• channels;
• palaces.

The palace was built in 1755 by order of the Sultan of Yogyakarta Hamengkubuwono I. Portuguese architects participated in the design.

Taman Sari had many secret passages, cellars and rooms. During the reign of the Sultan, the palace was surrounded by an artificial reservoir, through which it was possible to get to the internal pools. In the center of Taman Sari rises a tower from which Hamengkubuwono I watched over his wives. The castle became famous for its sewage system and fountains, as well as an underground prayer room.

Taman Sari was a place of rest and a fortress at the same time, but in 1867 the castle was destroyed by the eruption of the volcano Merapi. After that, the restoration of the central building and the Sultan's baths was carried out. And in 1995, the Taman Sari Water Palace was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

Bogor Botanical Garden

The botanical garden was built in 1817 in West Java near the city of Bogor. It is considered one of the largest gardens in the world. The garden collection includes 14.5 thousand different plants. The number of species includes more than 5 thousand copies. The area of ​​the Bogorsky garden is 88 hectares.

The Botanical Garden has several branches: on the island of Bali and in the city of Chibodas on the island of Java.

Since it belongs to the Scientific Community of the Republic of Indonesia, on the territory of the Bogor branch there are:

• Museum of Zoology;
• Botanical laboratory;
• Chemical laboratory;
• Pharmacology laboratory;
• Herbarium;
• Experimental garden;
• Laboratory of ichthyological research.

The entire area of ​​​​the central office is divided into many zones, each of which grows certain types of plants.

On the territory of the Botanical Garden are held:

• relaxation courses;
• yoga
• weddings.

Sea of ​​sands

Java Island on the world map is highlighted by a large cluster high mountains and volcanoes:

• Bromo;
• course;
• Batok.

They are located in the Tengger caldera, which is 8 km in diameter. The bottom of this crater is a thick layer of volcanic ash. This place is called the sea of ​​sand. It covers the foothills of all 3 mountains.

Thanks to volcanic eruptions and the accumulation of ash, the landscape of the crater resembles unearthly territories. On the territory of the sea of ​​​​sands, plants do not grow and animals and insects are not found. Officially, since 1919, the attraction has been territorially owned by the Bromsky Reserve and is strictly guarded.

Thousand Islands

There is an archipelago in Jakarta Bay, which consists of 112 islands. These islands have an area of ​​100 thousand hectares. and stretched for 97 miles.

Approximately 100 km 2 of the islands have the status national reserve. This district is located 45 km north of Jakarta and includes 44 islands. The climate of the Thousand Islands is similar to the climate of Java: subequatorial humid with an air temperature of 29-36 ° with an air humidity of 80%. The Thousand Islands amaze with the richness of the animal and flora.

Active types of recreation are popular on the archipelago:

• fishing;
• canoeing;
• water skiing;
• scuba diving;
• windsurfing.

On the shores of each of the islands there are zones for playing:

• Beach volleyball;
• tennis;
• golf.

The most popular islands among tourists are:

• Kotok;
• Bidadari;
• Putri;
• Sepa.

resorts on the island. Names, descriptions, benefits

Java Island is famous not only for sights, but also for resorts.

Anyer

The recreation area is located in West Java.

On its territory are:

• own sandy beaches;
• restaurants;
• hotels;
• small local market.

Also in Anyera you can see the lighthouse, which was built by Portuguese architects. For a small fee, you can watch the sunset at the lighthouse.

Carita

This resort is suitable for family vacation.

On the territory are:

• wide embankment;
• sand beach.

Karita is close to the Krakatua Volcano which provides plenty of options active rest from diving to mountain climbing.

Batu Karas

The shores of this resort are famous for high waves, which allows all year round surf.

On the territory are located:

• cafe;
• hotels;
• "black beach" - a mixture of sand and volcanic ash.

The resort is located near the city of Pangandaran.

Pangadaran

The resort is a beach complex located on a peninsula in South Java.

The resort has:

• guest houses;
• cafe;
• bus station from which you can leave for Batung;
• base for surfing;
• the beach is dark brown in color as it contains sand of volcanic origin.

Pandagaran is characterized by comfort, silence and lack of crowds of tourists.

Panaitan Island

This resort is different from the rest, as it is the property of the Indonesian nation. Entrance to the territory is possible only with the permission of the governor. The island is not intended for tourists: there are no cafes or hotels. The shores of Panaitan are suitable only for surfing or diving.

Sukamade beach

The resort is designed for recreation with tents away from civilization. Not on site cellular communication, electricity and cafes. famous beach sea ​​turtles that lay their eggs on its banks.

Meru Betiri Park is also located on the territory. There is a hotel 5 km from the beach. It is also allowed to pitch a tent near the beach or rent a small cottage.

Resort town of Bandung

Bandung belongs to the mountain resorts. Excursions to Dago Falls, Tangkuban Praya Volcano and Situpatengang Lake depart from the city. Not far from the city are the beaches of Anyer and Karagan-Bolong, Punchak tea plantations, national park Pendant and safari park.

Karagan-Bolong beach

The resort is not intended for beach holiday, because from the side indian ocean strong waves come, and sharp stones are located on the shore. On the beach, you can have a picnic and watch the sunset through the arch formed from the coral reef after the tsunami.

Hotels on the island of Java, prices for rooms and meals

Hotel table:

City	The name of the hotel	Room and Services	Number of stars	Nutrition	Beach	Average rating of tourists	Price for 7 nights, rub
Jakarta	Sotis Residence	2-bed deluxe	3	Breakfast	No	8,0	20160
	OYO 117 Blueberry Homestay	2-bed standard	2	No	No	7,8	6772
Badung	De Paviljoen Bandung by HIM Hotel	2-seater	4	Breakfast	Artificial	8,6	50300
		4-seater					55398
Surabaya	JW Marriott Hotel Surabaya	2-bed deluxe	5	3 times	No	8,9	46416
		2-seater premium					99078
	Askhara Guesthouse	2-bed deluxe	2	Breakfast		8,2	9892
		Common room for 6 persons		No			4109
jokyakarta	Hotel Neo Malioboro	2-bed deluxe	3	Breakfast	No	8,4	22753
	Royal Ambarr-ukmo	2-bed deluxe	5	Breakfast	No	9,0	33026
		2-seater premium					114526
Phangan-daran	Mini Tiga Homestay	2-bed standard plus	1	Breakfast	Eat	9,0	6392
	Pondok Wayang	1 local standard	2	Breakfast	Eat	8,5	5935
		2-bed standard plus					10300

A huge number of the main attractions of Indonesia are collected on the island of Java. Java is also rich in landscape diversity: vast areas of tropical forests, mountainous terrain and desert steppes are visible on the world map.

Article formatting: Lozinsky Oleg

Video about the island of Java

All the beauty of the Indonesian island of Java:

Java is the most populous and diverse island in Indonesia. He took a little bit from different parts of this country, which allows the tourist to collect a lot of impressions in a short time and experience a wide variety of emotions. Java excites, relaxes, amuses, but leaves no one indifferent. Here, large-scale plains and terraces used in agriculture border on bustling cities and dirty towns. The island has very beautiful temples, huge stone Buddhas, mosques, ancient armories and unusual architecture of the colonial era. Numerous stories are not able to convey emotions completely, but they can spur the interest of future travelers.

Geographic features

Java - large island in the Greater Sunda Islands. Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia, is located here. The area of ​​the island is 132 thousand km². It is very densely populated, with over 140 million inhabitants. The island has an elongated shape and is almost parallel to the equator. A third of the territory is occupied by dense jungles of mangrove forests. Mountain ranges stretch along the entire island from west to east, among them 120 dormant and active volcanic craters can be found. The highest point is located on the peak of the volcano Semeru, with a height of 3676 m. More than a quarter of the volcanoes are constantly active. This is not always accompanied by destruction and lava flows, some craters simply release a small puff of steam several times a year. Major eruptions occur once every seven years.

The surface of Java is dotted with rivers that feed huge fields and serve as a source of drinking water. Solo, Chimanuk, Brantas are famous for the largest channels.

Climate

Java is located in the tropical zone, the weather here is unchanged throughout the year. The climate on the island is humid and hot, the air temperature is in the range of +26…+29°C, and its humidity is 75-95%. The greatest amount of precipitation occurs in November-February, but even at this time you should not refuse to travel. There are no prolonged rains and long cloudy weather. All moisture falls to the ground in 1-3 hours. The average rainfall for the island is 1100 mm per year. Moreover, in the east this figure is 900 mm, and in the west it reaches 3000 mm.

Population and religion

The inhabitants of the island are divided into three main ethnic groups:

• Javanese;
• Sudanese;
• Madurese.

They created three eponymous language areas, although most of the inhabitants understand and express themselves in Indonesian. In remote villages, local dialects and dialects are found.

The religious composition in Java is dominated by Muslims (87%), there are also Protestants, Catholics, Buddhists and Hindus. However, in its pure form, none of these religions can be found here. They are very closely intertwined with each other and with ancient animistic beliefs. So, Muslims partially perform the rites of Buddhism or Hinduism. Some temple buildings contain a base in the style of Hindu architecture, while the top and roof are Buddhist. Hindu roofs have settled on some mosques.

Kitchen

On the island, as in most tropical countries, a huge amount of fruit is sold. Their prices are quite reasonable. Local kitchen is considered the most Europeanized, so you will not find much exotic here. The dishes use rice with spices and spices, beef, legumes, vegetables and chicken. Of the drinks, ginger tea, coffee, cane juice, Tuak beer, Arak vodka are popular.

Unique Jakarta

The largest and very interesting city is the metropolitan Jakarta. It is very diverse and densely populated. Here, a variety of buildings, including the era of the colonists, mixed with the local quarters near the picturesque canals. On central square there are several unusual buildings that come close to the waterways of the city. Nearby there are expositions of the historical museum. A little further away is the Wayang Doll Exhibition, Chinatown, Temple and Port.

To continue your acquaintance with the sights of Jakarta, you will have to go to the second city center (Medan-Merdek Square). There is a huge monument and a museum with the largest historical and ethnic collections.

Those wishing to take a break from historical excursions should go south, where several entertainment and educational parks are located at once:

• Jaya Ancol Park;
• Water Palace;
• Ragunan Zoo;
• entertainment center Taman-Ismail-Marzuki;
• miniature park Taman-Mini;

Attractions

The hearts and minds of travelers who have traveled beyond the borders of Jakarta are conquered by no less striking sights. The most monumental, striking in its size, is the complex of temples of Borobudur. It is listed as a UNESCO heritage and is the basis of the cosmopolitan Buddhist model. Travelers and pilgrims start their movement in Borobudur from the base of the hill along a long, winding staircase. It offers beautiful views of the terraces and buildings.

Many tourists are attracted by the "valley of the kings" - a plain covered with ruins, in the center of which there is another temple complex- Paramban. This historical monument recognized as the most exquisite on the island.

The Javanese themselves honor and offer tourists to admire the palace of the Sultan in Yogyarta - Kraton. They call it "the navel of the world." Visitors can see how the life of the Sultan was organized, the furnishings of the rooms, and adjacent buildings. In accordance with the preferences of the Sultan, the setting contains many elements of animism and Hinduism.

For lovers of natural parks in Surabaya, there are two natural reserve, which collected 200 species of orchids, many birds and animals.

Excursions to the active volcano Bromo begin from here, from the upper hills of which you can look into the constantly smoking vent.

Beaches

Java is a cluster of industry and cultural attractions. In the last decade, beach infrastructure has begun to develop here. The most suitable for a beach holiday are the southern and western parts of the island. People come here to swim, sunbathe, dive and windsurf. The beaches are very wide, covered with white fine sand with islands of palm trees. They are washed by transparent azure waves.

Near Badung are the most prestigious beaches: Karang-Bolongi Anyer. A mountain panorama appears before the views of vacationers on the beach of Asnières, and there is also an old lighthouse nearby. Of the entertainment on site, water skiing, parachuting, boat trips are offered.

In the western part of Java, on Tanjung Lesung beach, there are many resort complexes with closed beaches, among which there is also a paid public area. All beaches are well equipped.

privacy lovers and a relaxing holiday like Carita beach. It is quite quiet, protected from strong tides and waves. The territory was chosen by tourists with children and snorkelers. Not far from the shore there are bright fish and small corals. From the beach you can admire the panorama of the Krakatoa volcano, which is beautiful in the midday sun and at sunset. Most vacationers take great pictures from here.

How to get there?

In the capital of Indonesia, Jakarta, there is a large international Airport. There are flights from Moscow to Jakarta with transfers in Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, Bangkok or other major cities. Among the offers of airlines, you can choose the one that suits the price, the duration of the flights or the number of transfers. Within the island, there are flights from Jakarta to Surabaya or Yogyakarta. The duration of the flight is about an hour.

To visit Indonesia, citizens of the Russian Federation need to apply for a visa for 30 days according to a simplified scheme upon arrival or in advance at the consulate. You will need a photo and a passport, the validity of which is at least 6 months longer than the end of the trip.

Java is part of the Greater Sunda Islands and is located near Sumatra. Scientists to this day cannot understand why it received such a name. There are several theories. According to one of them, the word "Java" is of Protonesian origin and is translated as "house". Some scholars believe that the name comes from Sanskrit and means either "barley" or "lying on the other side."

basic information

Experts attribute Java to both mainland and volcanic islands. This is due to the fact that at its base lies a long mountain range that stretches through the central part of the island.

The highest point is the volcano Semeru, which has retained its activity to this day. In general, more than 120 volcanoes can be counted over the entire area of ​​​​the ridge. The central part of the island has a mountainous landscape, but as soon as you go down to the coast, you will find yourself in a swamp.

There are a lot of rivers, lakes, among which Jangari, Jatilukhur, Sungai deserve special attention.

The first man on the island appeared, presumably, in the second millennium BC. e. Scientists suggest that he most likely came from the island of Sumatra. Around the 3rd century AD, cities arose on the island and the first state formations were formed. One of the very first was Sakalanagara, which gave rise to Tarum, Sundu and Mataram. The latter has a rich past and a long history of dominance. Over time, it fell into decay and broke up into several small state entities.

At the end of the 13th century, an expedition was assembled to Java led by the Mongol Khan Kublai, famous for his conquest of China. The empire he created on the island extended its influence to almost all the Sunda Islands. After a couple of centuries, it greatly weakened and broke up into a number of Muslim states.

In the 17th century, European invaders began to penetrate Java. On the coast, they created a huge number of colonies and trading posts. The Dutch were very active in the conquest. Step by step, they subjugated all the islands of the Sunda archipelago, founding the trading city of Batavia, which is known to contemporaries as Jakarta - the capital. Immediately after the end of the Second World War, Indonesia becomes independent and annexes Java.

Time has passed and today the island of Java is the largest cultural, historical and political center of Indonesia with a well-developed infrastructure.

Population of Java

According to recent estimates, the number of the island has long exceeded the number of 140 million people. Thus, Java is recognized as the most densely populated island in the world. National composition is diverse, but the majority of residents are Javanese-Indonesians. In addition, in the composition you can meet Sundanese, Madurians and people from, who came at different times. State language throughout the island is the Malay language. You can often hear Chinese and Javanese dialects.

The main occupation of the local population is agriculture. Villagers grow rice and other cereals. The cities have a developed industry: textile, electronic, mining and processing.

The largest city on the island is Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia. It is home to over 9 million people. Next in size and number of inhabitants are Semarang, Serang, Bandung and others.

Weather on the island of Java

The climate of the island is determined by its location relative to the equator. It is always warm and very humid here. There are no sharp temperature drops, even despite the pronounced seasonality. The air temperature averages 24 degrees.

Showers and hurricanes are always short-lived here.

Flora and fauna

Flora is not particularly exotic and unique. Creepers, bamboo, huge ficuses grow in tropical forests. Just above sea level, the variety of vegetation becomes richer. You can find oaks, chestnuts and some types of conifers.

The fauna of the island is much more interesting and diverse. More than 150 species of animals live in Java. Many of which are endemic.

The cuisine of the island is considered the most non-exotic. The main components of the dishes are rice, vegetables, beef. Local fruits, which are very numerous in Java, enjoy great love. If you really want to try real traditional food, you should go to small cafes where the local population eats. They are always tasty and very cheap, unlike restaurants where guides are constantly leading. However, even here you can find exotic.

In the village of Tuban, earth pies are popular. They are made from silty soil from rice fields. According to local residents, this dish is considered nutritious and very healthy. With regards to the taste of pies, the population of the village tries not to talk.

Javanese drink cane juice, ginger tea, local beer "tuak" and palm vodka.

In Indonesia, the islands of Bali are the most famous and beloved by tourists, but Java also has a lot of interesting things. The beaches on the island are covered with white, coarse sand, and the sea is always clean. In addition, there are many attractions in local cities that can surprise any tourist. Let's get to know the most popular places on the island of Java.

Bromo-Tenger-Semeru National Park

Bromo National Park is located near the city of Surabaya. This is one of the most amazing attractions in Indonesia, which attracts hundreds of thousands of tourists every year. The park covers an area of ​​over 800 sq. meters. On its territory there is a huge number of dense forests, waterfalls and several active volcanoes. Thanks to them, most national park covered with black, volcanic sand, creating a special alien effect. The park got its name from the local tribe - Tenggers and two mountains.

The park is unique thanks to five volcanoes, which, according to legend, lead to underworld. You can climb to the top on foot or by jeep. This place is wildly popular with tourists and is rightfully considered the highlight of the island.

Temple complex Borobudur

The temple complex is located 40 kilometers from Jakarta. This place is not only considered the highlight of the city, but also known throughout the world. It was erected around the 8th-9th century. For a long time, the temple complex was hidden from human eyes in the shadow of dense jungle, covered with tons of volcanic dust. The ancient structure is still a mystery to scientists. No one can give an exact answer when and by whom Borobudur was built. Also, no one can understand why it was left after the eruption of one of the five volcanoes.

When viewed from the side, the entire temple complex resembles a huge 34-meter bell. In its structure, it is a pyramid, the base of which is several large concrete slabs. Carved stupas in the form of bells are installed on them. Inside each stupa are Buddha statues.

Prambanan temple complex

This is an amazing landmark dating back to the 9th century. The temple complex is located a few kilometers from Jakarta. Prambanan is considered the largest in Indonesia. Inside the temple is a huge statue of Shiva. Often Prambanan is called the temple of Shiva Lara Jongrang. Small structures were built on the sides of the main temple, representing the sacred animals of Indonesia. Also on the territory of Prambanan are numerous tombs and rooms for sacrifices. The temple complex was recently recognized world heritage UNESCO.

This ancient building been destroyed many times. Numerous earthquakes were to blame, as well as volcanic activity Merapi. For more than a hundred years, restoration work has been underway to restore Prambanan.

Mount Merapi

Mount Merapi is the most active volcano in Indonesia. He constantly smokes. Small eruptions occur every two years, but large eruptions occur every 15 years. The last time strong volcanic activity was observed in 2006. Thanks to this, Merapi is one of the ten most active volcanoes in the world.

Such fame does not prevent the local population from living at the very foot, and tourists from climbing to the very top. The beauties that opened from a great height surprise and amaze.

Old city

The Old City is located in Jakarta and covers an area of ​​about 1.5 square meters. kilometers. This place is cultural center who collected the largest number ancient monuments. The first settlement on this territory was established in the 14th century. Then the port was built. Over time, more and more new objects appeared in the city. A great contribution to the development of the Old City was made by the Dutch, who built amazingly beautiful temples. This place is currently listed as a World Heritage Site.

Many different cultures are gathered in the Old City. That is why this place has a special atmosphere that attracts thousands of tourists.

Taman Sari Water Palace

The palace was founded in the 18th century by the ruler of Jakarta. The complex included rooms for leisure, the main palace, a lake, a swimming pool. The construction was built for several years with money allocated from the state treasury. Taman Sari at that time was a real work of art. The palace had its own individual sewerage system. The castle was separated from the outside world by a huge dug channel. Water supply was made from the lake. Some rooms had underfloor heating.

In addition, a large net was dug under the palace underground passages, which connected some rooms with each other. There have always been legends about the magnificent garden of the palace complex. That is why the castle is called Taman Sari, which translates as "blooming garden." Today, ruins remain of the once majestic building. Some part of the territory is inhabited local residents. IN last years restoration of the palace complex is underway. The swimming pool and several rooms have been restored and are open to the public.

Bogor Botanical Garden

This is one of the most famous places on the island. The garden is located near Jakarta in the province of West Java. In another way, it is called "Kebun Raya". The entire territory of the botanical garden has a huge area of ​​87 hectares. In addition, 4 branches of Kebun Rai are scattered around the island of Java. The collection of the garden contains more than 15 thousand of the most diverse plants, comprising 6,000 species. In this place, you can still see plants planted at the founding of Kebun Rai. In addition to endemic plants, there are many specimens brought from other countries, as well as rare species.

The Bogorsky Garden is also called the center for the study of nature. And not in vain, as scientists from all over the world constantly come here. The gates of Kebun Rai are constantly open to numerous visitors. Here you can not only take a break from the bustle of the city, but also learn a lot of new things by visiting the zoological and botanical museum. One of the main exhibits of the Bogorsky garden is a collection of orchids. Some species of this amazing flower are found in closed greenhouses, while others grow in open-air lawns.

Sea of ​​sands

The sea of ​​sands is a unique sight and is located in a large caldera with a diameter of 10 kilometers. Majestic volcanoes have been spewing tons of lava rock for many millennia, which eventually turned into a large one. Once here, you plunge into a special atmosphere.

The landscape that opens up to the eye is very reminiscent of the surface of the moon. A special effect is added by a foggy haze over the crater, which constantly hangs over the volcano.

Thousand Islands

At north coast Java can be seen a huge number of small islands. From a great height, it seems that there are more than a thousand of them. However, calculations showed that there are about 115 continental formations in this area. Their number may vary depending on the tides. So Jakarta is the only place on the territory of which there are more than a hundred islands.

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Java considered one of the largest and most famous islands. This picturesque stretch of land, about 1000 km long, has a rich history, an impressive number of cultural attractions, incredible natural beauties, many temples and shrines, as well as more than a hundred majestic volcanoes stretching along the coast in an uninterrupted series.

Peculiarities

According to its administrative structure, the island is divided into 6 provinces, including Banten, West, Central and East Java, as well as Jakarta and Yogyakarta, which have the status of districts. Each of them is formed from cities and settlements, and the main administrative center of the island is the capital of the whole country - the city. The main industry directions here are industry, agriculture and tourism, which brings significant profit to the treasury of the entire state. One of the symbols of Java is coffee - Kopi Luwak, grown on local plantations.

In total, about 30% of the entire surface of the island is covered with jungle, which in many ways serves as an excuse for eco-tourism lovers to come here to enjoy the beauty of the rainforest, making an exciting journey along hiking trails to its most mysterious corners. Java is also extremely popular among diving fans who plunge into the waters of the Java Sea on the one hand and the depths of the Indian Ocean on the other, in order to admire the diversity of the underwater world of these places. Ethnic composition The population here is quite diverse and is formed from a number of nationalities, including Bantenese, Sundanese, Javanese, Chinese and representatives of other countries and races. Islam is the dominant religion, although there are adherents of other religious denominations, including Christians, admirers of Buddhism, Hinduism, Catholicism and other beliefs. The languages ​​spoken are Javanese, Madurese, Indonesian, Sundanese and English.

general information

The territory of Java is 132 thousand square meters. km, with a population of about 140 million people. In terms of population, the island confidently ranks first in the world. His highest point has 3676 meters above sea level. Time ahead of Moscow by 4-5 hours, depending on the specific location of a particular city. Timezone UTC+7, UTC+8. Indonesia does not switch to daylight saving time.

A brief excursion into history

During the Middle Ages, Java played an important role in the political, cultural and religious life of Indonesia. From 1293 until the beginning of the 16th century, the Majapahit empire existed here, during the reign of which the country reached its highest prosperity. After its collapse, the Demak Sultanate became the most powerful state on the island, and in the 17th century Dutch colonization began, during which the Batavia district arose, later renamed Jakarta. At the very beginning of the 20th century, the islanders began an active struggle for the independence of Indonesia, which ended with the proclamation of this status in 1945, after the surrender of Japan.

Climate

Java has a humid tropical climate with two distinct seasons. It rains from November to February, while the rest of the year is dominated by dry sunny weather. The air temperature is not subject to serious changes and during all 12 months it fluctuates between +26 - +32 degrees. You can come here at any time period, and only an earthquake or a volcanic eruption can interfere with a pleasant stay, which, by the way, is not so uncommon here.

How to get there

Major airports that receive flights from other parts and countries of the world are located in several cities of the island at once, including Bandung, Surabaya, Semarang, Solo and Yogyakarta. From here, the most convenient flight with a change in. Ferries to the ports of Jakarta, Banten, Surabaya and East Java follow the water area.

Transport

Buses are the most common means of transportation within the island. In addition, there is a good railway connection. Car rental is frankly cheap, but it is not recommended for tourists to drive on the local roads on their own, due to the peculiarities of traffic rules and their interpretation by local drivers.

Major cities

The capital, where over 9 million people live, serves as the most important economic, industrial and cultural center of all of Indonesia. This colorful city is located on the northwestern coast of the island of Java and, having a lot of interesting sights, combines luxury and poverty, wealth and poverty. The glamorous skyscrapers of the center contrast sharply with the dilapidated slums on the outskirts, and the well-groomed and tidy courtyards of elite mansions do not fit in with the dirty streets where the asphalt has not been changed for several decades. Due to its low location relative to sea level, the city is prone to floods, which, however, does not yet affect its turbulent life, which does not subside day or night. There are many museums, palaces, temples, mosques, as well as hotels, restaurants, shopping malls and entertainment venues. There are parks, there is the National Gallery of Art, a planetarium, a zoo, a number of sports facilities.

One of the best places for recreation in Java is the city of Bogor, where they stand out presidential palace Sokarno with the Zoological Museum and the world famous Botanical Garden Kebun Raya, with many exotic plants. The second largest city in the country, after Jakarta, is an important industrial center of Surabaya, on the territory and in the vicinity of which are the Baluran and Meru Metiri nature reserves, as well as the active volcano Bromo, towering 2400 meters above sea level. Near mountain resort Bandung attracts the attention of the volcano Tangkuban Praya and lake Situpatengang. Quite a lot of tourist interest is the city of Yogyakarta, which has unique architectural sights. Among the others major cities one can distinguish Cirebon and Serang in Banten. There are many other interesting cities and towns on the island, each of which has its own history.

Beaches

The coast of Java abounds sandy beaches, but not all of them are suitable for swimming. In the western part of the island, not far from the city of Bandung, there are the beaches of Karang Bolong and Anyer, which are distinguished by a gentle entry into the water and marvelous landscapes. On the same side of the island is resort village Pagandaran, with rich flora and fauna. There are good beaches in the east and around Yogyakarta, but the metropolitan area is not very good for beach activities due to the increased pollution of the coastline.

Attractions and entertainment

The role of one of the main architectural structures of Java is Buddhist stupa Borobudur, which is the most important element of the entire temple complex surrounding the shrine. This place is included in the list of the brightest architectural and historical monuments of UNESCO and belongs to the world heritage sites. An impressive share of other interesting sights is located in the capital Jakarta. National quarters, unique buildings of bygone years, Taman Fatahil Square in the Kota area, the charming Chinese district of Glodak with the oldest temple in the city - Jine Yuan, all this creates a unique flavor and makes you sincerely admire the capital of the island. Worthy of special attention here historical Museum Jakarta, the stunning Chicken Market Bridge, the famous old Sea Yago Cannon, the Wayang Museum of Dolls and Ritual Artifacts, as well as a great many other outstanding buildings, museums and monuments. For children, the Ragunan Zoo, Taman Mini Park, which characterizes Indonesia in miniature, the Water Palace and beautiful park recreation - Jaya-Ancol. Adults are recommended to visit the cultural and entertainment complex Taman-Ismail-Marzuki.

Hot volcanic springs in Chiater, a grandiose safari park, picturesque tea plantations at Punchak and Kulon National Park stand out in the vicinity of Bandung. Fans of hiking are invited to overcome the route to the hot springs of Maribaya, surrounded by majestic volcanic landscapes. Yogyakarta boasts an exquisite palace complex called the Sultan's Kraton with the Taman-Sari water palace, the Agastya Art Institute, and the Sono-Badoyo and Benteng-Vredeburg museums. Between it and the city of Solo, flaunts the largest Hindu temple complex in Java - Prambanan, which annually receives thousands of pilgrims. There are practically no uninteresting cities on the island. Each square kilometer of the island space contains the history, culture and traditions of entire peoples, so a trip to Java simply cannot but be exciting.

Kitchen

The traditional elements that make up the dishes of restaurants, cafes and eateries of the island are vegetables, seafood, chicken, beef and rice. Freshly squeezed sugar cane juices, ginger tea, tuak beer brewed from palm flowers, and local palm vodka called arak are popular among drinks.

shopping

In the shops and malls of the local cities, visitors are offered to purchase a wide variety of goods, from clothes and shoes to jewelry and the latest electronic developments. Prices, in most cases, surprise with their affordability, so island shopping can bring real pleasure to even the most economical buyers.

Java is an amazing combination of natural natural beauty and benefits of modern civilization. Majestic volcanoes towering above the tropical jungle coexist here with skyscrapers made of glass and concrete, and ancient temples look harmoniously against the background. white sandy beaches and evergreen palms. Staying on this exotic island allows true travelers to feel the spirit of Southeast Asia and get a complete picture of the mysterious, spread over the far reaches of our planet, somewhere between the Pacific and Indian oceans.