From time immemorial Sinai peninsula He was a gate between Africa and Asia, and was also the subject of a dispute and a place of hostilities for thousands of years. He was always welcome thanks to his strategic location and wealth of minerals. The Sinai Peninsula was also revered in various cultures as a place of revelation of God, given by Moses, wanderings of Jews during their exodus from Egypt and the flight of the Holy Family.
As Burton Berrtine wrote, "one way or another, he was involved in Western and Middle Eastern history, both in real and mythical," being an alleged route (there is no archaeological evidence) the movement of the Jews to the land of the promised. Also through the Sinai Peninsula Islam got to North Africa. Then Sinai was a place where clashes between the Crusaders and Muslims, Arabs and Israelis occurred and, in the end, turned into a demilitarized zone under international control.
Although mostly Sinai is a desert terrain, it looks too impressive and too beautiful to be only "24 thousand square miles of emptiness." The inner area of \u200b\u200bthe South Sinah is a arid lunar landscape of gear mountain chains, hiding the monastery of St. Catherine and Mount Sinai, to which pilgrims and tourists rise to the "steps of repentance" from the neutral bunk to the top, where God presented the Ten Commandments.
Next, in the north there is a bevel desert of wandering, resembling the cans of Jackson Pollock, made by colored stripes and traces of tank caterpillars. The Sinai Peninsula is also a venue for the spread of many plants and animal species. More than 60% of Egypt plants magnifier grows precisely in this region. From mammals living in the area, there are hyena, a mountain goat and a rabbit Danam. Take care to go to the desert on a camel or at a jeep (safari), and you will find hard-to-reach sources and oasis with raw vegetation and get acquainted with the Bedouin culture.
But first of all attracts the south, which is striking by the beauty of coral reefs and tropical fish in the Bay of Aqaba; This is one of best places In the world for diving and swimming under water with a mask and tube (snorkeling). Beach resorts In Sharm el-Sheikh (including Naama Bay), Dahab and Nuweib will satisfy every taste and budget. From Sharm El Sheikha, you can also make excursions to the deepest reefs of Egypt and in Ras Mohammed (a small peninsula, located in the south of Sinah), where the marine life is the most diverse, as well as the Strait of the Tiran, who are fired by the remains of the courts who crashed about reefs In this narrow passage connecting the Red Sea and the Bay of Aqaba.
The Suez Bay, located to the north-west of here, looks much less effectively compared to its oriental double - although the winds that are here all year round make it a favorite place for windsurres, there are no reefs and few attractions that are interested in ordinary tourists. Northern Sinai almost do not attend Western tourists; But in the summer he is very popular with Egyptians. This is a desert coastline that you barely look out from the road, known for the only city and the center of El Arish; this is quiet place With a beach, bordered palm trees and a weekly Bedouin market.
Brief history of the Sinai Peninsula
50 million years ago, the Arabian stove spilled from the African mainland, taking off the Sinai Peninsula from the continent, and the Red Sea filled this rift. Hot springs on the bottom indicate that the tectonic movements created by Sinai still act - expanding 7.5 centimeters every year.
In prehistoric times, the climate was less dry, and the flock of gazellers were found on Sinai, which people were caught during the time of the Stone Age. In the bronze age, the seven seven tribes from Mesopotamia were the first to develop the deposits of copper ore and turquoise in Sinai, until the colonization of the peninsula by the Pharaohs of the 3rd dynasty, which conquered the semites and forced to work on mines and build roads and strengthening roads.
According to Egyptian mythology, it was on Sinai Isis who was looking for a broken body of Osiris; The goddess Hathor was also associated with this region, she was called "our queen is blue." The Board of Pharaoh continued until the invasion of Gixos - "Kings-Pastukhov", which owned northern Egypt More than a century, until Yahmm I pushed them out and, in the end, did not destroy their last bastion in Gaza. Subsequently, on this path, Tutamos III and Ramses II invaded Palestine and Syria.
Exodus of Jews from Egypt
Reliably remained by the Old Testament and centuries of traditions the outcome of the Jews from Egypt is historical mysterySince there was no archaeological evidence about their travels to Sinai - although on excavations in the anger in the delta it can be assumed that this was the "country of slavery", from where they left. It is considered that this happened during the rule of the pharaoh of the XIX dynasty, Merneptha (1236-1223 BC), although the Egyptologist David Rol claims that it happened to two centuries earlier (about 1447 to our era), during Dudimos, Pharaoh XIII dynasty.
To establish the path of Israelis and various key places of their stay, scientists compared biblical descriptions with natural features And they tried to compare myths with reality. The "Red Sea", referred to in the Bible of the King Yakov I, is the wrong translation from the Hebrew: it is a yam-suf, or a cane sea that corresponds to salty lakes and swamps north of Suez, known in our time as bitter lakes.
From here, the Israelis went to the coast in Ain Musa and proceeded on Wadi Fairte inside the country towards Mount Sinai, although, according to another theory, they crossed the Northern Sinai and received the Ten Commandments to Gabel Halal. In any case, the next forty years, they live in the wilderness, one can only be explained by the very long stay of the Israelis in Kadesh Barnea, defined, as an oasis Ain Kedirat, where extensive ruins are.
Christianity and Islam in Egypt
During the next millennium, the Assyrians, Hettites and Babylonians were invaded, the Egyptians returned it back, they, in turn, conquered Persians and Greeks. While Ptolemya was built ports along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea, the seven seven tribes from Petra were located between Akaba and Gas, both people, ultimately, gave way to the ancient Romans. Does the holy family committed through Sinai or not to escape from the mass massacre made by Herod, but this region attracted hermites even before Emperor Konstantin declared Christianity to the state religion, which was rooted in the cathedrals and monasteries under the patronage of Justinian.
In 639-40, Arabs, inspired by the preaching of Islam burst into Sinai. The new faith arranged local tribes that began to rob monasteries in the desert, while Arabs did the same with cities and cathedrals. Northern Sinai eventually became a pawn in the crusades, the zone between Akaba and Rafah belonged to the Kingdom of Franks until they were crashing in acre. After the crusades, the winners of Mamli resumed trading paths through Sinai, but the peninsula remained Achilles fifth for Egypt, as the Turks of the Ottoman Empire and Mohammed Ali demonstrated their right to conquered territories in 1517 and 1831.
Sinai Peninsula in the XX century
Strategic significance is strongly increased after the completion of the construction of the Suez Canal, and in 1892 forced Turkey to recognize its buffer zone. Supported, again captured it in 1914, paving the roads and water pipes along the northern coast and in the inner territory. The English-Egyptian troops were able to just push the Turks a little bit. During World War II, Sinai witnessed small battles, but the change in Israel's borders returned this territory again to the front line. In 1948, the Israelis reflected the attacks of Arabs from all sides and captured the gas sector and, before the truce was signed, and the troops were taken under British pressure.
Having closed the Bay of Aqaba for the passage of Israeli courts and nationalizing the Suez Canal, President of Egypt Nasser twisted together British and Israeli interests. The Israeli offensive in Sinai in October 1956 was a coordinated pretext for the Anglo-French intervention in the Suez crisis; Although in a military sense it was a successful operation, three countries were forced to recognize the defeat under pressure from international intervention, the UN peacekeeping forces are located in the buffer zone in Gaza and guaranteed a free passage through the Ababa Bay.
But in the future, Arab-Israeli wars were inevitable. When it forced the UN to leave the country's territory and resumed the blockade in 1967, Israel had a proactive blow to a number of Arab countries, seized the entire peninsula and held it after the six-day war, strengthening the bar-lion line along the eastern shore of the Suez Canal. In the war of the "Judgment Day" of 1973, Egyptian troops broke through in Sinai, but they met a powerful counterattack through the channel.
The peace negotiations, the curator of which were the United States, ended during the historical visit of President Sadat to Jerusalem, Kemp-David agreements and the peace treaty led to the exception of Egypt for a decade from the Arab League. In turn, Israel evacuated all the settlements arising during the occupation of blue, and the territory was returned to Egypt. The phased movement was completed in 1982, with the exception of the controversial enclaves of Taba, whose problem was resolved in 1989. International Military Observers (MFO), based in Nama-Bay monitored demilitarized zones in Sinai from Avanposts with orange flags located around the peninsula.
Tourism brought to Sinai Israelis, at the beginning was damaged during the transfer of its Egypt, since Kemp-David agreements prohibited any development and construction on this territory for five years. However, since 1988, calm has changed with feverish activity: on the coast of Aqaba, where there were only five hotels, now more than 150, and still being built. While the districts of Ras-Mohammed, Abu Gaum and Nabe have status natural reserves, the whole coastline north of the nuweiba and from Sharm el-Sheikh to the National Park Naqa tightly built up. In connection with the plans to expand the construction of hotels in the desert and establish direct charter flights from Europe to the time when Sinai remains a desert terrain, it can be detected.
The variable nature of Middle Eastern politicians, however, means that tourism along the Sinai coast is an unreliable business. Since 2000, from the beginning of Palestinian intifada, a tourist flow from Israel slowed down almost to a complete stop, and terrorist attacks in Tab have further worsened the situation. While the resorts in Sharm el-Sheikh remain filled with plans for the "Red-Maritime Riviera" - includes taboos, Eilat in Israel and Aqaba in Jordan - were postponed; The airport in the taba is now rarely used, and tourist bases Resting along the coast in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Owwieba is mostly empty. This is especially true of the Bedouin parking in Tarabin, which are almost completely devoid of life.
Bedouins in Egypt
Most of the inhabitants are Bedouins who say they have occurred from Hedzhaz tribes on the Arabian Peninsula, and therefore consider themselves among the most purebred Arab peoples. Only the Jabali tribe differs from others by keeping their origin from the Caucasus. Traditionally, every tribe cares on its territory in search of pastures and settled in local oases. Misein claim to earth between El-Torah and Nuweiba, Tarabin - from Nuweiba to El Arish; Jabalia is the area of \u200b\u200bSt. Catherine, and so on. The number of tribes on Sinai is, by different estimates, from 14 to 27.
Other tribes include Savalha, Alekat, Vlalad Shahin and Tiyah. Together they are known called Tavarai ("Arabs Tora"), in honor ancient name Peninsula, or just al-arab. For all tribes, the honor of the tribe and family has always been the most important, raid and theft of camels were constant causes of blood hostility, which could be maintained throughout generations. Agriculture or fishing has always been secondary towards the breeding of goats and camels - it was on him that they were judged about the richness of the tribe, camels for races were valued above all.
Although, being faithful Muslims, the Bedouins remained pagan superstitions and practices from the "times of ignorance" along with their own general law (URF) instead of the usual Islamic jurisprudence. It is not surprising that Bedouins often had armed resistance to the external authorities, and all attempts to instill a settling lifestyle did not succeed, while in the 1970s, Israel did not build water tanks, schools and clinics in several districts. Providing work and acquaintance of Bedouins with the conveniences of the Western lifestyle, coastal resorts are equally big influence on their traditional lifestyle.
Today, many earn their lives in the tourist business, taxi drivers or in construction, and stone houses with corrugated iron roofs and television antennas can be more common than black tents. Although the relationship between Bedouins and Egyptians is mainly peaceful, the reasons for discontent are becoming more and more; Mainly they concern administrators and entrepreneurs from the mainland Egypt, which Bedouins only suffer in their territory, but their number is constantly growing.
Visiting the Sinai Peninsula
Differences between Sinai and Mainland Egypt may cause cultural shock. For those who are accustomed to Egyptian cities and beaches, the Sinai Peninsula will seem surprisingly deserted, calm, where no one sticks, is especially noticeable to women. If you arrived from Israel or Jordan and, spending a few days on the beaches of Sinai, then head in, your impressions will be opposite. Bedouins and rare settlers from the mainland Egypt demonstrate a special Sinaky character and with disregard belong to the Egyptian government, often comparing it with a period of Israeli rule, not at all in favor of the first.
Even the seller's greeting is Others: "Kif Khalak" ("How is your health / case?") Instead of "Izseyak". For the convenience of understanding in this article, the peninsula is divided into three zones: the coast of the bays and Aqaba, the inner part and the Northern Sinai. The message between the resorts along the coastal strip of the Aqaba bay and the inside in the Sant Catrine area is well established (these two sites create an administrative area of \u200b\u200bthe southern blue), but Northern Sinai is separated from both, with the exception of an improved route between El Arish and Fall, in the inside .
Unlike other places in Egypt, you can visit part of the peninsula, having only a Sinai visa acting within two weeks you can get in taba (on the border with Israel), in the port (where the courts come from Jordan) or at the charm airport "El-Sheikh, 10 kilometers from Naama Bay, where charter flights from Europe are being carried out. This visa is valid only on the coast of Aqaba to Sharm el-Sheikh and in close proximity to the monastery of Saint Catherine (in essence, this is a visa for southern blue).
If you want to visit Ras Mohammed, other areas of the inside of a Sinai or Mainland Egypt, you will need a complete Egyptian visa that cannot be issued in Nuweibe or in a tab when crossing the border, but it can be obtained upon arrival at Charm El- Airport Sheikh (15 dollars). You can pay pounds sterling, but the exchange rate is not very convenient, so if possible, use dollars.
Climate and entertainment on the Sinai Peninsula
The climate of the Sinai Peninsula is extreme. On the coast, day summer temperatures can reach 50 degrees of heat, while the nights can be quite moderate, depending on the prevailing wind. In the winter mountains, sometimes snow falls, and in the spring there will be a shower with hurricanes, cool nights - can even be very cold. To avoid sunburn and thermal impact, you should wear a headdress, use a high-defense sunscreen and drink from 4 to 6 liters of water per day (more if you are on the way) at any time of the year, except for winter. Obviously, the climate is an important factor influencing the occupation of tourists, resting on the Sinai Peninsula.
In the summer, the heat will probably make you spend less time on the beach, and more in water and, in the end, forget about travel or trips on a camel. Fortunately, diving or snorkeling can be safely practiced at any time of the year, this is the main advantage of Sina. Certificates of diving centers, courses and trips are issued at each resort. As a rule, the coast of the coast can be visited at the jeep at any time of the year, and in the period between October and April - on the camel. Traveling to a high-mountainous area is possible in winter, if you are ready to meet cold nights and even snowfall; And in the summer - if you can postpone the heat.
Transport, accommodation and costs in the Sinai Peninsula
All major tourist places are available thanks to good coverage and several types of public transport. Most travelers say that moving around the terrain is quite easy, as the local buses are a rather reliable and cheap type of transport, and you can get to any resort and leave it. The only exception is the border of Taba, where only a couple of buses on the day goes to take people on the south - also several service taxis, drivers who try to take advantage of the situation and break the high price.
Foreign motorists are limited on the main roads; because of the scorching heat and huge distances hitchhiking move quite difficult, if only the purpose of your travel is not located near or if you are firmly sure that you can drive all the way (or at least before the place where there is a shadow and go buses). Women are categorically not recommended to catch the car alone. Peacekeeping forces officially called "Multinational Forces and Observes" (MFO), which are an independent international organization created by Egypt and Israel to control the area of \u200b\u200bthe border between the two countries after the signing of a peace treaty in 1979, banned private drivers Take travelers.
The type of housing varies from the place to the place: from expensive country villas in Nama-Bay to cheap " tent camps"In Nuweibe. Of course, they can only be called camps only conditionally: these are houses from stone, concrete, bamboo or palm leaves, not always equipped with electricity and bathrooms. Although tourism is a year-round business, there are several peak periods, when hotels raise prices and, most likely, will be crowded. To some extent, it depends on the location of the resort: in Sharm el-Sheikh, the influx of tourists occurs in the spring, in the fall and for Christmas. Before the political situation between Israel and Palestine worsened, the Bedouin camps between Taba and Dahab, especially in Tarabin and north, were filled with the Israelis during the Jewish holidays.
Also, do not forget about the festive periods in Egypt - from December 22 to February 2, from March 1 to May 3 and from July 19 to October 31 - at this time you should order places in advance. It must be said that in general the cost of items of daily necessities, food and transport services in Sinai is higher than anywhere in Egypt, but still cheaper than in Israel and Europe. It is impossible to drink tap water in Sinai, so you have to buy it in bottles (in stores they cost cheaper than in hotels). In all major resorts there are banks, and you can exchange dollars in most shops. Many diving centers and hotels now accept payment in euros.
Sights of the Sinai Peninsula
1). Reefs and sunken vessels - You can visit the infamous blue hole or explore the sunken ships in the area of \u200b\u200bTiStistgorm;
2). Ras-Mohammed - The first Egyptian National Park, located in the south of the Sinai Peninsula, one of the best places for diving;
3). - the most popular Egyptian resort, bars and cafe of which by night by tourists are overcrowded;
4). National Park Nabe - You will see delightful landscapes and the most northern mangrove in the world;
five). - Relax in Asilahe, a great place for diving, here are full of inexpensive hotels and cafes;
6). Bedouin culture - Maulda and weddings are held in the desert in the full moon;
7). Sand beaches - Beautiful beaches, stretching between Nuweiba and Taba, are devoted to inexpensive recreation bases for travelers;
8). Safari in the desert - Take a camel or jeep to go on a visit to the Bedouins to the remote, surrounded by Vadi palm trees;
nine). - It was built by the Byzantine Empress Elena in honor of the nesthal bunk at the foot of the Sinai Mountain;
10). Mount Sinai - Lift up the mountain, where Moses received the Ten Commandments and look at the dawn over the Sinai Desert.
In contact with
I am bald and fan from the beauty of the Sinai Peninsula! I lived here many times and it seems that I know almost every stone, any gorge and mountain peak. But every time I am happy as if Mars conquered. And these species are Mars and remind, at least in that of his form in which we showed us the hero of Arnold Schwarzenegger in the film "Remember everything." The road from Dahab is deep in Sinai, to Sinai Mountain and the Monastery of St. Catherine, in my opinion, the most picturesque on Sinai. In one of the days, we have gotten in the Red Sea, we took a minibus (on the press of Alena Lutikova, the girls living in Dahab almost 15 years old and knowing about Sinai absolutely all) in just 450 pounds and on the road!
The paints are so bright that sometimes it seems that you have ripples in our eyes -
The camera should not be removed for a minute, gorgeous wists open up every turn -
Small Bedouin Fiscal Overlooking Caught in the Desert -
You are waiting for dangerous serpentines and a broken road. But all this only attaches color -
The famous fork: Left Mount Sinai, and the right road to Cairo, where they will not miss without a full-fledged Egyptian visa (the free Sinai stamp will not pass). By the way, the road to Cairo is very interesting. You will pass the biggest oasis of Sinai, Waidi Fairte, then the town of Oilnikov Abu Ruddeis (founded by the Israelis in 1968) and large resort Ras-craft next to the city of Suez and the channel of the same name. There will be an unusual object - a firepoint "", where in 1967 - 1975 was Israel military baseWhere artillery strikes were applied in Egyptian positions on the eastern side of the channel. There is also the famous defense line begins.
Monastery Colorite, but already closed. We especially did not want to have time to come to 12 days (visits are possible from 9 to 12), because several years ago were already inside. No less interesting to walk around -
As a camel eats these hellish spines do not rsion - a mystery.
In Egypt, auto-rarities receive the second and third life -
I wonder how this truck was thrown on the rock?
The part of the road on the mountain of Sinai is littered with these and other wreckage of the military equipment. In 1967 there were a fight between the Israelites and the Egyptian army. The latter suffered a crushing defeat -
Just the kettle and just glasses in the middle of the desert. Bedouins leave it for tired of the travelers -
Picturesque dunes, where cool barefoot run -
Evening, it's time to go home!
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Geography and geology
The Sinai Peninsula, the more famous just like Sinai (Arab. شبه جزيرة سيناء, Shibh Jazirat Sina) has the shape of a wedge, pointed to the south, limited from the north the coast of the Mediterranean Sea, from the West - Suez Bay, from the east - the Bay of Aqaba. Since the boundaries of the peninsula are conditional, its territory, depending on the determination methodology, is estimated from 25 thousand to 60 thousand km². Basically, the territory is engaged in the desert, the mountains are closer to the south (the most high Point This is the mountain of St. Catherine, 2637 m) and a plateau. An oil field was opened on the peninsula, turquoise was also mined.
Traveling in Sinai, you can find yourself in three countries - Egypt, Jordan and Israel. All of them are in the immediate vicinity of each other. The average time on the way is 2-3 hours.
The main attraction of the Sinai Peninsula is its beautiful and majestic fauna - the coral reefs of the Red Sea. Along the entire coast, the blue stretches a wide barrier reef, which makes it very popular Moz Dive among divers of the whole world.
In the deserts of the Sinai Peninsula, wolves, hyenas, foxes, mountain goats, gazelles and eagles live.
Climate and weather
Tropical desert. Temperature in the summer - 35-40 ° C (that due to dryness air in sensations corresponds to 26-28 ° C in Moscow), in winter - 23-26 ° C. Here 365 sunny days a year, in winter and autumn it happens cloudy, however the sun is visible every day. Dahab, located on eastern coast The Sinai Peninsula is considered a year-round resort. The wind is 300 days a year, which causes the rapid development of windsurfing and kitesurfing in the region. The water temperature is from 21-22 ° C in January to 28-29 ° C in July and August. The frequency of tide and low tide is about 6 hours.
Indigenous residents of the Sinai Desert - Bedouins. The word "Bedouin" comes from Arabic يود ب Badawi - "The inhabitant of the desert (steppes)", "nomad". Usually, this term is customary to call the entire population of the Arab world, which leads a nomadic lifestyle, regardless of their national affiliation or religion. According to modern science, Bedouins live in the desert at least 4-5 thousand years.
Bedouins are distinguished by their national traditions and culture, sometimes reaching against Arabic stood. Formally Bedouins - Muslims, but, nevertheless, still follow many pagan customs and beliefs, traditional for their tribes, and all disputes, conflicts and problems decide in accordance with their own Beduen law - URF. First Bedouin Law - hospitality. They are wonderful conductors and without them could not see those natural beautywho are located far from the highways. They know the deserted herbs well and determine their way through unknown signs.
Over the past 30 years, Bedouin's life has undergone a lot of changes, one of which is that the Jeep's SUVs almost everywhere replaced camels as a vehicle, but fortunately, Bedouin culture on Sinai remained almost unchanged. Almost all Bedouins live in northern Dahab - in the Assala area, the main bay of the once Bedouin village.
Bedouin men and women traditionally perform various roles in society. Bedouin men tend to make a living for their families. To date, some of them work like safari guides, drivers, some own shopping, someone is involved in construction or service. Women work mainly in the house, occupied by homemade, family and the livestock of goats, sheep and camels.
Bedouins have an amazing gift of narrator and may tell you numerous stories about whether "what events occurred in ancient times." Most stories are unusual stories On the behavior of the camels, about the miraculous treatment of medicinal herbs that they apply in their family. Many Bedouins have a real poetic talent, often using it for special occasions, such as weddings.
From time immemorial, Sinai, which is sometimes figuratively called "24 thousand square miles of emptiness," was one of the largest crossroads of the world. Ancient Peninsula served as a transit path from Africa to Asia, from Europe to the Indian Ocean and the Far East, was a bridge between the Mediterranean and the Red Seas. In the XVI century BC. egyptian pharaohs Built the road leading through Sinai in Beer-Sheva (Virsavia) and then on Jerusalem. The "Great Sea Path", which connected the valley of the Nile with Meszopotamia, was held on the Mediterranean coast of the peninsula.
Sands Syna remember Napoleon, who passed it by the North Coast in 1799 during the Egyptian campaign. From the XIIIV, he belonged first to Mamelukov, and then the Turkish Ottoman Empire, while in 1917, during the First World War, the peninsula was not captured by British troops.
In 1967, as a result of the six-day war, the Israelites won the peninsula; Suez Channel closed.
In 1973, the Egyptians forced the Suez Canal and attacked Israel. Israel threw the Egyptian troops back. Later, Israel brought his troops who were west of the canal.
In 1979, after the signing of the Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty, Israel begins to gradually return to Egypt's peninsula, while disagreeing most of its settlements, and the remaining went to Egypt (for example, the settlement of the officer in the south of the peninsula was the current Sharm el-Sheikh).
Egypt
Local currency - Egyptian pound. In one pound - 100 piastra. Freely exchange dollars and other convertible currency in banks and exchange offices, which, as a rule, are located at airports, hotels, large restaurants, etc. 1 US dollar costs about 6 Egypt pounds (the course changes). Coins are 5, 10, 25 piastra. Covers are denominated at 10, 25 and 50 piastra, and pounds of 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 500, 1000. Be careful, getting surrender when purchased, because Covers in 50 piastra and 50 pounds are very similar!
Credit cards and traveler checks are widely used in large tourist centers. ATMs are many and they are sufficiently common in all outlets. However, in the province, the use of electronic payment products is extremely difficult.
Israel
Israel's official currency is a new shekel (NIS), a multiple number in Hebrew - "scaling". One shekel is 100 Ans, the only number is "Agora". Now in Israel in circulation there are banknotes in 200, 100, 50 and 20 shekels, coins of 1, 5 and 10 shekels, as well as 50, 10 and 5 Ans.
Credit cards of leading global payment systems are accepted almost everywhere. ATMs are widespread. Many ATMs allow you to remove cash in foreign currency. International credit cards And tourist checks can also be cash in the departments of the foreign currency of banks without commissions.
Jordan
Monetary unit - Jordanian dinar. 1 dinar \u003d 1000 phils. The Jordanian dinar consists of 100 curses and 1000 philles. Weighted average exchange rate - 1USD \u003d 0.7JOD
Currency exchange can be carried out in banks, hotels, special exchange offices, as well as on the borders and at the airport.
Calculation of goods and services usually occurs in dinars.
The shops
Shops in Egypt usually work until 22 hours. If the product is raised the price, then it is pointless to bargain. If not - the price can be confused by 10-20%, and sometimes more.
Souvenirs.
In Egypt, a huge variety of souvenirs. It is impossible to come up with more Egyptian souvenir than papyrus with color drawings. Papyrins are inexpensive, durable, easy and comfortable in transportation. It should be noted that Egypt is flooded with cheap fakes - from rice paper and banana leaves with stamped patterns, so buying papyrus follows only in specialized stores, the so-called "papyrus museums", where quality certificates are issued. Everything is very popular among tourists of chasing - plates with Arabic ornament or artistically decorated hookahs. You can also buy oils and essences of plant origin.
Business card Sinai - a T-shirt with a diver or Windsurfer with the inscription SURF EVER, Work Never.
In Egypt, Israel and Jordan, the time lags behind Moscow for one hour
Communication and Internet
If you use the roaming service, the MTS SIM cards, Beeline and MegaFon are connected to the local communication operator in all tourists visited by tourists.
When talking from a phone-machine on the street 1 minute of conversation with Russia costs about 60 rubles, at the negotiation point of about 100, and from the hotel - 150 rubles. The minimum duration of conversations from the negotiation points or from the hotel is 3 minutes. The score begins with the third beep, the money is charged, even if the call did not answer. For a conversation from the phone, a card requires a card. Usually they are sold in "Little Supermarkets", on bus station, etc. The twenty-pound card is enough somewhere on 6-8 minutes of conversation with Moscow, but if it remains less than a certain amount (approximately 5 pounds), it can only be used for local conversations. There are 10, 50 pound cards. International Codes Russia 007, then you need to score the city code and the number of the subscriber.
Electricity
In Egypt, the voltage in the network is 220V. European-type sockets.
Rules of crossing borders
Due to the fact that the Sinai Peninsula is divided between three states, traveling here, you will most likely cross the borders. And in each case there are nuances.
Egypt - Israel
If you want to cross the border between Egypt and Israel, being on the Sinai Peninsula, it will be very simple to do it. Enough to come to taboos (180 km from Sharm el-Sheikh).
Resting in taba, you fall under the jurisdiction of Egypt, but proximity to the Israeli border gives all the chances to combine one at the same time in two countries.
Here you should consider the nuances when crossing the border!
Who should not pay the Israeli visiting collection when crossing the border?
First of all, based on the Kemp-Davya Agreement between the two countries mentioned, the area of \u200b\u200bTab is considered a special zone. We are talking about cutting sushi from the border and ending with the hotel "Tobya" in two kilometers south. At these two kilometers there are at least ten hotels where thousands of tourists live. As you know, when leaving Israel, everyone is forced to pay $ 32 border collection. Then, already on the Egyptian side, the tourist is forced to pay 75 pounds ($ 14) inbound fee. At the same time, they pay only those who plan to go beyond the two-kilometer zone mentioned above.
In other words, if you, say, live at the Hilton-Taba Hotel, then you should not pay the exit collection. Even if you cross the border every half hour. To avoid paying this amount, you must submit to border guards evidence that you live in the area of \u200b\u200bTaba. For example, reservation from the hotel.
Who should pay 75 pounds for entry into Egypt?
Only the one who plans to be outside the area of \u200b\u200bTaba pays. The scheme is the same as with the Israeli visiting harvest. If you live in the hotel near the border - you do not pay anything. You will need evidence, which you can present your hotel reservation, or number keys.
When crossing the border with Israel from Egypt, it is necessary to remember that the additional border guards are charged: 60 shekels for Russian citizens (Egypt-Israel) and 200 shekels for returning (Israel-Egypt) on the Israeli side and 75 pounds on the Egyptian side.
Egypt - Jordan
There are two possibilities to get to Jordan from Egypt. You can use the regular ferry line between the Egyptian town of Nuweiba on the Sinai Peninsula and the Jordanian port of Aqaba. The duration of this trip is 3-4 hours, the cost is $ 70-80 (depends on the ship).
Some time ago, a new ferry line opened, Taba - Aqaba. It is much more convenient than Nuweiba - Aqaba. But while this line is used for charter flights on orders for travel agencies, in the free sale of tickets or not, or their purchase is extremely unpredictable.
Israel - Jordan
You can, but not need. It is better to use ferry from Egypt. If you really want an original trip, then this can be done from Israeli Eilat through the Arava checkpoint, a ten minute drive from the city center in the direction Dead Sea. For those for those, or other reasons, the bus departure is not suitable, or a fixed return date may easily get to one of the border crossings to public transport, undergo border control, and on the Jordan side, use frequent and cheap local buses and route taxi. It should be however, it should be noted that for the direct transition of the border, you will have to negotiate with one of the drivers of buses or trucks traveling to Jordan with what would take you with you when crossing the bridge across the Jordan River, as the crossing of the border is prohibited. The same rule is valid when returning back. With the financial calculation, the trips should be borne in mind that duty when leaving Israel in Jordan is $ 17 in Shekel equivalent.
Health
Officially make vaccinations when traveling Russians is not required to Egypt. Some doctors recommend making vaccinations from diphtheria, tetanus, typhoid and polio.
It is necessary to comply with the elementary rules of personal hygiene. The teeth are cleaned recommended by bottled water. From under the tap is despered water.
The standard of living in Egypt over the past 20 years has grown rapidly and continues to grow. Health care of Egypt also does not stand still, the country is equipped with new hospitals and modern equipment. Prices for medicines in Egypt are much lower than Russian prices.
Egyptian cuisine on Sinai.
On the Egyptian side, the cuisine is originally known and sometimes, there are such dishes that you will not meet in all Egyptian territory.
As a rule, in search of food in Dahab you, first of all, fall on the famous embankment with numerous Arabic type restaurants. This is a Francess, one of the oldest and well-known atmospheric atmosphere, Ali Baba with white tablecloths and a peculiar pathos atmosphere, El Lantern, Nemo, Green Valeya, Chillaut, Napoleon, Al Capon and others. Understand the first time than they differ from each other, it is almost impossible. True in what is practically nothing. Those. They have a completely identical menu, traditional restaurant for this class. Nevertheless, a significant difference can be found in prices, service and quality of preparation. And it is curious that in one restaurant there may be good one, in the other - another. Anyway, sit on the shore, try traditional dishes, smoke a hookah, feel a special atmosphere of these institutions, is definitely worth it. Do not do this - it means fully not to visit Dahab.
To begin with, get rid of the illusory desire to try the Arabic kitchen. Her in Dahab is not. To do this, it is better to go to Cairo or Alexandria. What is offered by classic restaurants for tourists is the modernized traditions of the former Israeli resort. If you want something really Arabic - go to one of the desktops in the city and order Falphles (pancakes from pea) and foul (stewed beans). It is every day eating all the Arabs for breakfast and it's tasty! In addition, you will get acquainted with non-trial places and feel their color.
Let's go back to the menu of traditional tourist restaurants. It consists of several types of main dishes: meat, chicken, fish or seafood, made on the grill or on an outdoor window, on the side disk to which rice and french fries are always served, sometimes grilled vegetables, and as a preliminary snack - pellets and a set of from Local salads in tiny plates (all this is included in the price).
This is the main tradition of Israeli cuisine, which Egyptian Sinai has adopted - to serve in front of the main dish a large number of A variety of snacks. Despite the fact that the cook has greatly simplified cooking technology and reduced the number of snack options (there are 6-7 major, while the Israeli catering establishments offer up to 50 species), the tradition is very interesting and pleasant. The main thing is not to eat very snacks so that the main dish then fit!
Some snacks deserve a separate description: Tachina, Homus, Babaganush, Tsatsque.
They look unusual, but they must be trying to try. Tachina is a puree from sesame with the addition of spices and vegetable oil. Homus - puree from white pea, chickpea.
Babaganush - snack from baked eggplant, often refilled tachina. It is prepared everywhere in different ways. Sometimes - very tasty, sometimes inedible. Tsatika is a yogurt with grazed fresh cucumbers. Very nice to taste and impossible to spoil.
Jordanian cuisine on Sinai
The most favorite dish in Jordan, for example, hide guests in noisy weddings, is Mansaf (cooked in an acidic sour cream of lamb, served on rice with the resulting chowder and covered with roasted cedar nuts).
But if Mansaf is to some extent a festive dish, then Adans (yellow lentils with chicken and a bow in lemon juice) - a kushany, used almost every day. Usually this satisfying lengthening chowder eaten in winter. It is very interesting than a typical Jordanian dish - a worn, which is translated from Arab as "inverted." The name of the Kushan fully corresponds to the method of its preparation. Potatoes and eggplants are roasted together with beef or lamb in a saucepan or in a frying pan. Then the prejudged rice is added there, poured with water, add salt and spices and extinguish all this until readiness. Well, then the scabble is covered with a large dish and turn over. It turns out meat-potato-rice casserole, served on a large dish with sour cream. Often in Jordanian harchers are offered and mlokhiya - meat soup, chicken or rabbit with garlic, rice and lemon juice. The leaves of various herbs growing in Arab countries give a special piquancy of mlouchics. Inexpensive dish of Jordanian cuisine - Blue pea cutlets, which are abundantly lubricated by Thenia (she is tachyn), a kind of smelting of the same yellow pea with sesame oil. Cement is often used with meat or chicken dishes. Our tourists can get acquainted with this seasoning and in Israel.
The one who tried sweets manufactured in Jordan invariably concluded that what is called " eastern sweets"In other Arab countries (exception, maybe only Syria and Lebanon) are not available. The most popular sweets of Jordan are made with the use of pistachios (backed), cheese (canafa) or in the form of a cookie, covered with SIM-SIM (sesame).
Pay attention to coffee. Many gourmets bring coffee from Jordan kilograms.
Israeli cuisine on Sinai.
In the kitchen of Israel (it concerns proceeding geographic territories) there is one defining principle: a religious Jew eats only kosher food, and the right to exist only those restaurants that meet the strict rules of the rabbis observers are obtained.
"Kosher" generally means "purely" or "allowed", and the set of rules defining the kosher is called a kashrut. Three kosher rules in the Torah are recorded by three main kosher rules. First: "There are no goat in his mother's milk", so meat and milk should not be connected in one dish and in the stomach. The second rule is associated with the ban to use blood, so cattle is scored in a special way that all the blood flows out of the animal. According to the third rule, it is permitted, there is only meat of painline mammals, which have a rummy, bird and those marine inhabitants who have science and gills. As a result, it is forbidden to eat pork and verbatin, as well as lobsters and crabs. However, despite all the restrictions, food in Israel is diverse and tasty. And the one who can not do without sour cream sauce to beef, then he will find a restaurant in which a restaurant food is prepared in Eilat.
Israeli cuisine, except for kosher, is also distinguished by Arab influence, as well as the disordering dishes use of local seasonings mentioned in the Bible: sesame, cinnamon, mint, coriander. The menu in restaurants is usually written not only in Hebrew, but also on english languageand in some way and in Russian.
Sinai, Sinai Peninsula (Rocky, Rocky) - Mountain and the Desert of Stony Arabia, where the Israelis came to the third month at the exit from Egypt and from the top of which the law from God was given to Jews, and therefore Sinai in Holy. Scripture is often called the Mountain of God and the Mountain of Jehovah. Arabs are currently called Mount Tour, or Jebeltur-Sina. Sinai, as the place of law, is also indicated in other places as Old Testament () and New Testament books ().
About Sinai, as a grief of legislation, testifies to an ancient legend. From ancient times, Egyptian Christians were removed from the persecution of persecution. There she was hidden for some time. The Great Martyr Catherine, and on one of the vertices of it so far there is still a monastery dedicated to her name, and in general, the ancient deserters, looking for silence and privacy for the saints of their feats. In V c. The whole deserted Sinai region, despite the deserted nature of its nature, was all littered with Skiti. It is believed that Mauli Sinai knew Mugham well well and gave the command to his commander without disturbing the quiet and serene life of Sinai herds. And indeed, on the conquest of these places in MoMetanians, the Sinai Monastery Although open to their attacks, but there is also a job, and legends do not speak any violence on their part.
The Sinai Peninsula, which rises by G. Sinai with chorile, is formed by the two bays of the Cherry Sea - Suez and Akabsky, but in the extensive sense they include the northern desert to the very lands of Canaan and the Mediterranean Sea. This country has a special importance for us and value for the events that have been accomplished here during the journey of Jews from Egypt to the Land promised and forth-year-old. A look at Sinai, the Sinai Peninsula and its surroundings represent so much extreme and special that no mountain can go in comparison with her. In addition to the nearby plains, there is no green meadow, nor the forest, nor the murmur source, no waterfall, no hut, nor the village, no greens, no tree, no animal, no birds, no livestock, no people. Some cliffs and ridges from granite and porphira towers everywhere. In the raft raishes, and no sandstone is visible, nor limestone - one stones or boulders of granite falling from the top of the cliffs. On the entire lengthy and extremely tesitory path to the top of the mountain, where there are 3100 steps, travelers mention only about one punching water from the stone and about one magnificent cypress, sached on the mountain plain, and even nearby about the water well gathering from rain , and only in some places from stone raft, the shelter grass and greens are shown (work. V. Acad. 1872, May, p. 298-299, 303-304).
The top of the mountain rises more than 8,000 ft. Above the surface of the sea and consists of 2 small sites, each 3 soot. squared; On the northern site is built small in honor of the Transfiguration of the Lord, and on the other - the Muslim mosque. In the cliff for the church to s. Specify the place where Moses was hidden during the wonderful vision of the bunk, burning and not burning. But then, the Mountains represent the perfect desert, we find completely different in the valleys: they are revived by sources, and their high position produces such a beneficial effect in the climate, that in the hot season, residence, eg, in the monastery of St. Catherine Travelers find the most favorable for good health. In winter, the snow covers the peak of the mountain and for a short time and the most monastery. In the summer, when Samuum is rampant at the plains at sea, the air in monastic plains is the most moderate. Bright lightning and terrible grommet rolls are only occasionally, and the earthquakes are very rare.
Sea ulcer here never happens. The climate produces a beneficial effect on the very vegetation. In the monastery gardens, the excellent fruits of all kinds that are highly appreciated in Cairo are preserved. In addition to various spicy herbs, Sicomoras, cypresses, palm trees, fig and oilseeds are also growing here, and from the kingdom of animals are especially remarkable: Capricorn, Antelopes, underwater badgers, eagles, quail, etc.
Sinai peninsula (Arab. شبه جزيرة سيناء, Sina ; IVR. סיני) - Peninsula in the Red Sea, on the border between Asia and Africa, part of the territory of Egypt. Geographically refers to Asia.
Geography
Peninsula, having a wedge shape, pointed to the south, limited from the north the Mediterranean Sea or a line connecting the northern tip of the Suez Bay and Aqaba bay; From the West - Suez Bay, from the East - Ababa Bay. Since the boundaries of the peninsula are conditional, its territory, depending on the definition methodology, is estimated from 25 thousand to 61 thousand km². Basically, the territory is occupied by the desert, the mountains are closer to the south (the highest point is the mountain of St. Catherine, 2637 m) and a plateau. An oil field was opened on the peninsula, turquoise was also mined.
Climate
The climate of almost the entire Sinai Peninsula is a tropical deserted, with the exception of the northern part adjacent to Mediterranean Sea.where the Mediterranean climate is characteristic. The climate is everywhere very dry, especially the south of the peninsula, which is closed by the mountains from the receipt of rare cyclones from the north, and where in some years the precipitation does not happen at all, and a few millimeters fall out per year as in Sharm-Esheikh. Summer temperatures are very high, as a rule, reach +40 ° C and more in the shade, winter temperatures are lower, in the deserts are not uncomfortable night frosts. The south of the peninsula heated by the Red Sea has the most warm winters.
History
The land of the peninsula was mastered by the ancient Egyptians still in the era of the first dynasty.
Since 2011, Islamist militants intensified on the peninsula (see Conflict on Sinai).
In 2015, October 31, the plane, flying the flight "Sharm-Eshe Sheikh (A / P of Officer) - St. Petersburg (A / P Pulkovo)," crashed over Sinai. 224 people died.
Ecology
The Sinai coast is on the verge environmental catastrophe. The dominance of tourism, fisheries, the widespread urbanization of the coast leaves little chance to save this unique corner Planets. According to scientists estimates, most of the reefs will disappear from the face of the Earth in the next decade.
The reasons for the widespread death of corals are a lot. First of all, it is clogged by coral sand, vacandalism of vacationers, an increase in water temperature and its acidity. Most of all corals harm SUVs that destroy a thin layer of lichen and stones. This leads to the erosion of the soil and the study of sandy storms bringing a ton of sand and dust into the sea. Sand, brought by the wind or raised from the bottom of the divers divers, clogs the pores of the coral and leads to his death. No less dangerous for corals greenhouse effect and global warming. Increased water temperature above +29 ° C causes the coral to be expelled alga. At such temperatures, algae becomes toxic for coral. The orphaned coral can not survive for a long time and dies from hunger. Credit feeding of coral fish changes their diet, thereby violates the ecological balance. Blooming water, splashes of the population of starfish eating corals are only a small part of the consequences of such a violation.
The clogging of the coast has adopted a catastrophic scale in recent years. One of the expeditions from Dahab in Sharm-Eshech found that the most insured is the protected territory of Northern Nabe. The source of plastic waste is not only vacationers on the beaches. There are a lot of certificates about the garbage, which in open discount from boats and ferries. Bedouin is difficult to understand that the plastic thrown into them harms the environment. They dealt with the generations only with the Organic, and this behavior is still considered the norm. Bedouins to this day are fishing on the territory of the nature reserves and caught mollusks. South Dahab whole coasts are covered with sinks. The sinks are mined in shallow water during strong sweats. Sometimes whole villages come to the coast to enjoy molluscs. It is no one to engage in environmental education in Egypt. The country is on the wave of tourist boom and is trying to squeeze the maximum benefit from his marine coasts.
Exodus of anatomically modern people from Africa
According to the hypothesis of the British pediatrician S. Oppenheimer, about 120 thousand years ago (during EEMSKIY (IPSvich) inlebria (eng.)russian) Homo Sapiens made an outcome from Africa through the Sinai Peninsula to the Levant District, but these representatives of anatomically modern people were completely extincting there during the next glacial period, and all non-African peoples occurred from several hundred people who forced the Bab El Mandantra's strait of about 80 thousand years Back, part of which returned about 50 thousand years ago to North Africa through Sinai. According to scientists from Tubingen University (Germany), the first wave of modern type people, which has become ancestral Australian Aboriginal, Papuans and Melanesians, forced the Bab El Mandantry, for about 130 thousand years ago, and other Asian populations are descendants of the second wave of Homo Sapiens, published From Africa north of the Red Sea about 50 thousand years ago.
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Notes
Literature
- Chichagov V. P. Sinai Desert and Ancient Pelusions // Nature. - 2012. - № 11. - P. 35-42.
- Matthew Tig. New Sinai // National Geographic Russia, July 2009, p. 120-137.
Links
- by Haubitz, Zoche Publisher: Fotohof Editions, 2006 (English) ISBN 3-901756-64-7 ISBN 978-3-901756-64-1
Excerpt characterizing the Sinai Peninsula
"I think it is better to turn to this general," said M Lle Bourienne, "and I am sure that you will be given proper respect."Princess Maria read the paper, and dry sobs cast her face.
- Through who did you get it? - she said.
- Probably learned that I am Frenchwoman by name, - Red, said M Lle Bourienne.
Princess Marya with paper in his hand rose from the window and with a pale face came out of the room and went to the former Cabinet of Prince Andrew.
"Dunyasha, call me Alpatycha, drone, somebody," said Princess Marya, "and tell Amal Karlovna, so that she doesn't enter me," she added, hearing the voice of M Lle Bourienne. - Hurry up to go! Riding more! - said Princess Mary, terrible thoughts that she could remain in the power of the French.
"So that Prince Andrei knew that she was in the power of the French! So that she, the daughter of Prince Nikolai Andreich Bolkonsky, asked Mr. General Ramo to give her the patronage and enjoyed his blessings! - This thought brought her horror, forced her to shudder, blush and feel not yet tested her seizures of malice and pride. Everything that was only heavy and, most importantly, offensive in her position, was brought to her. "They, the French, will settle in this house; Mr. General Ramo will take the Cabinet of Prince Andrei; It will be for fun to sort and read his letters and paper. M LLE BOURIENNE LUI FERA LES HONNEURS DE Bogucharovo. [Mademoiselle Bhuli will take it with honors in Bogucharov.] I will give a room from grace; The soldiers will ruin the fresh grave of the Father to remove crosses and stars from him; They will tell me about the victories over the Russians, will preferably express the sympathy of my grief ... - I thought the princess of Mary not with my thoughts, but feeling obliged to think about my father and brother's thoughts. For her, it was personally anyway, wherever to stay and what would be with it; But she felt at the same time the representative of his late father and Prince Andrew. She unwittingly thought their thoughts and felt their feelings. What would they say that they would do now, then she felt necessary to do. She went to the office of Prince Andrei and, trying to penetrate his thoughts, pondered her position.
The requirements of the life that she considered the father destroyed with the death of his father, suddenly with a new, still unknown force arose before Prince Marya and covered it. The agitated, red, she went around the room, demanding that Alpatych, then Mikhail Ivanovich, then Tikhon, then Drone. Dunyasha, nanny and all the girls could not say anything about what extent was that M LLE Bourienne announced. Alpatycha was not at home: he went to the bosses. Called by Mikhail Ivanovich, the architect, who appeared to the princess Marya with his worn eyes, could not tell her. He is accurate with the same smile of the consent with which he was accustomed to continue fifteen years to answer, not expressing his opinion, on the appeal of the old prince, answered the questions of the Princess Marya, so that nothing definite was not to withdraw from his answers. Called Old Bashdiner Tikhon, with the fallen and looked face, who worns the imprint of the incurable grief, answered "I listen to" the princessed Marya and barely restrained from sobbing, looking at her.
Finally, he entered the room of the Old Tron's room and, lowly bowing to the princess, stopped at the pod.
Princess Marya walked around the room and stopped against him.
"Dronushka," said Princess Marya, who seen a certain friend in him, of the very drone, which from his annual trip to the fair to Vyazma brought her every time and with a smile squeezed his special gingerbread. "Drunushka, now, after our unfortunate," she began and silent, unable to speak further.
"We go all under God," he said with sigh. They were silent.
"Dronushka, Alpatych left somewhere, I have no one to contact." Do I tell me that it is impossible for me and you can not leave?
"Why don't you go, you can go," said Dron.
- I was told that dangerous from the enemy. Blue, I can't do anything, I do not understand anything, no one with me. I certainly want to go at night or tomorrow early in the morning. - Dron was silent. He looked at the princess to Mary.
"No horses," he said, "I and Jacob Alpatyach said."
- Why not? - said Princess.
"All from God's punishment," said Dron. - What horses were, under the troops disassembled, and what kind of rogue, now what year. Do not feed horses, but no matter how it is with hunger, do not die! And so for three days not Emshi sit. There is nothing, they ruined completely.
Princess Marya listened carefully what he told her.
- Guys are broken? They have no bread? She asked.
- Hungry death is remembered, - said Dron, - not the fact that the windows ...
- Why didn't you say drone? Do not help? I will do everything that I can ... - Princess Marya was strange to think that now, in such a minute, when such a grief filled her soul, there could be people rich and poor and that could not help help poorly. She vaguely knew and heard that there was a Lord's bread and that he was given to men. She also knew that neither brother nor her father would not give up in the need of men; She was only afraid to be mistaken something in words about this distribution of breads of bread, which she wanted to dispose. She was glad that she was pretext of concerns, such for whom she could not be conscientious to forget his grief. She began to ask Drone Details about the needs of the men and that there are the Lord in Boguchars.
- After all, we have the bread of the Lord, the branched? She asked.
"The Lord's bread is all intact," Dron said proudly, "our prince did not order to sell.
"Give it to men, issue everything they need: I allow you to give you a brother," said Princess Marya.
Dron answered nothing and took a deep breath.
- You distribute them this bread, if it will be pretty for them. All distribute. I tell you the name of the brother, and tell them: what, that our, then and their. We will not regret nothing for them. So you say.
Dron stared at the princess, while she said.
"Suspend me, Mother, for God, led the keys from me," he said. - served twenty-three years, did not do thin; Loaf, sake of God.
Princess Marya did not understand what he wanted from her and what he asked to dismiss himself. She answered him that she never doubted his loyalty and that she was all ready to do for him and for men.
An hour after that, the Dunyas came to the princess with the news that Dron came and all the men, according to the orders of the princes, gathered at the barn, wanting to speak with the Mrs..
"Yes, I never called them," said Princess Marya, "I only told Dronushka to distribute her bread."
"Only for God's sake, the Mother Princess, order them to drive and do not go to them." All the deception is one, "Dunyas said," And Jacob Alpatych will come, and go ... And you do not help ...
- What is the deception? - asked the princess surprised
- Yes, I know, just listen to me for God. So the nanny though ask. They say they disagree to leave for your order.
- You are not talking about anything. Yes, I never ordered to leave ... - said Princess Marya. - Call drone.
The arrived Dron confirmed the words of Dunyushi: the men came to ordered princes.
"Yes, I never called them," said Princess. - You, right, not so handed it. I just told you to give them bread.
Dron, without answering, sighed.
"If you order, they will go away," he said.
- No, no, I will go to them, - said Princess Marya
Despite the dissolution of Dunyasha and Nanny, Princess Marya came out on the porch. Dron, Dunyas, Nanny and Mikhail Ivanchich walked for her. "They probably think that I offer them bread so that they remain in their places, and herself will go, throwing them on the Arbitration of the French," said Princess Marya. - I will promise them to the month in the suburban, apartments; I am sure that Andre would even make an even more at my place, "she thought, approaching twilight to the crowd, standing on the pasture from the barn.
The crowd, bored, moved, and quickly starred hats. Princess Marya, lowering his eyes and fastening his feet in the dress, closely approached them. So many diverse old and young eyes were directed at her and there were so many different persons that the Princess Mary did not see a single person and, feeling the need to say suddenly with everyone, did not know how to be. But again the consciousness that she is a representative of the Father and Brother, gave her strength, and she boldly began his speech.
"I am very glad that you came," the beginning of the princess Marya, not raising her eyes and feeling how quickly her heart beat. "Dronushka said me that war ruined you." This is our common grief, and I will not regret anything to help you. I myself go, because it's already dangerous here and the enemy is close ... Because ... I give you all my friends, and I ask you to take everything, our whole bread so that you have no need. And if you were told that I gave you bread so that you stay here, then this is not true. I, on the contrary, I ask you to leave with all your property in our Moscow region, and there I take on myself and promise you that you will not need. You will be given houses and bread. - Princess stopped. In the crowd just heard sighs.
