Who at least once visited the mountains, remembers them for life. This is such an incredible sight, which is just unrealistic to forget. Here, being at the height, you see what you really are a bug. Your soul and body are resting, here you can truly relax, feel cold mountain air, think about something high ...

What are the most popular mountains? Probably the very you are flying down on skis or snowboard. However, over time, you understand what you want to get rising and ask for a question - what is the biggest mountain in the world? It turns out that the answer is simple - this is Everest, which we have repeatedly told at school.

Jomolungma (8852 m)

Everest (or, as it is also called, Jomolungma), which is part of the huge mountain system of Himalayas and is located on the territory of Nepal and China, reaches a height of 8852 above sea level! To get to the top, travelers spend the weeks and months, and hitting there, resort to the help of an oxygen mask - if this is not done, you can stay on top forever, since the air is very much resolved there. For all the time, the peak could conquer only about 4,000 people, and each year it is trying to do about 500 volunteers, and that's not everyone will achieve success.

Everest has a very interesting climate. At the foot of the mountains grow tropical plants, while at the top of an incredible frost (up to -70 at night), and the wind speed reaches several hundred meters per second. Even if with such weather conditions you managed to get to the peak, long you do not hold there. First, a rarefied atmosphere, secondly, the frost, thirdly, it is necessary to go down to go down, while it is still light. By the way, it is not much easier to descend than to rise. Nevertheless, many travelers are absolutely not frightened.

Not so long ago, scientists have discovered mountains on Mars, whose height is as much as 21.2 kilometers, that is, it is two more times higher than Everest. Probably, climbers would gladly climb to her, but we still can't fly to the Red Planet yet, alas.

Chechri (8611 m)

Choir - the second highest mountain peak after Everest. For the first time, it was discovered by the researchers in 1856 and at that time it was decided to call K2 in honor of the second top of the Karakorum. However, after years, Mountain received its current name.

Interestingly, for the first time climbing Chochi tried the British at the beginning of the 20th century, but they did it. The first Mountains conquered the Italians in 1954.

For a long time it was believed that it was Chochi who is the most high mountain On the planet, since many researchers argued that her height could reach 8900 meters. And only in 1987, full measurements were carried out, thanks to which it turned out that the true height of the Chochi is 8611 m.

It is technically very difficult to rise to Chochor, so only about 250 people took to the middle of the 2000s, and another 60 died during the climb. At the same time, successful attempts to rise exclusively in the warm years. Those who tried to conquer the mountain in the winter, killed invariably.

Kanchenjanga (8586 m)

Kanchenzhanga is a mountain range in the Himalayas and is located on the border of India and Nepal. The array consists of five vertices and all of them are incredibly high, but above all Kanchengang home.

When an array was opened, it is definitely unknown, however it was he who has long been considered the highest mountains until the mid-19th century. The first attempts to conquer the vertex began in 1905, when the expedition was managed by Alistair Crowley could only rise to a height of 6,200 meters. The next attempt took place in 1929, however, and it ended unsuccessfully. But the participants of the expedition running Charles Evans were finally able to reach a peak on May 25, 1955. Climbing took place on the side of the Yalung glacier.

Usually with the development of the technique mortality when climbing the mountain falls, but this does not concern Kanchenjangi. The fact is that the number of cases that end up tragically, only increases. Interestingly, almost all women who tried to conquer the mountain died. W. local residents Even there is a legend - they say, the mountain kills all women who are trying to climb it, because of jealousy.

Lhotse (8516 m)

Lhotse is part of the Mahalangur-Himal mountain range, located on the border of China and Nepal. She has three vertices, the height of the main of which reaches 8516 m.

The first successful conquest of the vertex took place in 1956 - then it was possible to make participants in the Swiss expedition. In 1990, Russians under the leadership of A. Shevchenko were able to climb the mountain in the southern wall. At the moment, their record was not conquered, because it is incredibly difficult to get on Lhotse. One of the participants of that expedition says that this happened only due to the fact that the Soviet Union was able to bring together 17 magnificent professionals who could work well with each other.

The total number of data from the data in 2003 is about 240, and about 12 killed.

Makalu (8481 m)

Number five in our list of the highest mountains - macal or black Giant. This is a mountain range that is in the Himalayas. It has several vertices, the main of which reaches a height of 8481 m.

Like several other participants in our rating, the mountain is located on the border of China and Nepal, is 22 km from Jomolungma. According to historical data, Macaal is known to Europeans at least since the beginning of the 19th century, but the first attempts to conquer the vertex began to occur only in the middle of the 20th century. Why? Explanation Simple - most experts at that time wanted to conquer the most high mountainswho were Everest and Lhotse, and the rest were interested in much less. However, over time, this situation has changed in the root.

The first successful ascent to the main vertex was completely in 1955 - it was possible to make the French group led by Jean Franco. They rose to the mountain northern route. Later there were successful lifts and other routes. If we talk about the Slavs, the last on Makalu rose Ukrainians from the city of Sumy, the path of which took as many as two months.

Cho-Ohu (8188 m)

Another mountain peak in the Himalayas, located on the border of Nepal and China - Cho-Oyu, whose height reaches 8188 m. It belongs to the Mahalangur Himal mountain range and is part of mountain Massiva Jomolungma.

Not far from Cho-Oyu is the passage of Nangpa La, covered with ice. Its height reaches 5716 m. It is through it a trading trail, in which residents of Nepal fall into Tibet. From the last side, to climb the mountain is very simple, but from the side of Nepal to do it incredibly difficult, as the travelers lumps the sheer wall.

The first successful ascent to the peak occurred in 1952.

Dhaulagiri (8167 m)

Continuing our list, it is impossible not to note Dhaulagiri or White Mountainhow it is sometimes called it. Dhaulagiri is a mountain range in the Himalayas, in which there are many vertices, the highest of which is Dhaulaagiri I - its height reaches 8167 m.

The first ascent to the mountain occurred in the middle of the 20th century, but successful conquest occurred only in 1960, when the national team of the best European climbers decided to climb the top. This happened in May, and the first winter rise was improved by Japanese Akio Koizumi in 1982 together with Sherp Nima Wangchchu.

Manasla (8156 m)

Completes our list of Manasla (Kutang), located in the Himalayas. Mountain enters the Mountain Array of Mansiri-Gimal, which is located in the north of Nepal. Manasl has three vertices: Home, Eastern and North. The first is the highest of them, its height reaches 8156 m.

The first successful ascent to the top was committed in 1956. The number of dead when climbing for all time was about 20 percent, which is very much, although you can't tell this photo.

Today, the mountain and the surrounding territories are part of the Manasla National Park, which was founded 15 years ago.

No wonder in the famous song Better Gor. There may be only mountains. " Snow-covered vertices attract people as a magnet, forcing climbing up, overcoming all the difficulties and adversity. Especially climbers attract the highest mountains in the world, for which they manage to climb only the most prepared, bold, desperate and lucky. Meet the ten highest mountain peaks in the world whose height exceeds eight thousand meters. All of them are in the Himalayas in a small area on the border of China, Nepal, India and Pakistan.

10. Annapurna I, 8.091 meters

The top of Annapurna I, which into Russian from Sanskrit as a "fertility goddess", rises up on 8.091 meters and is part of the Annapurna mountain range of the same name in the Himalayas. For the first time, two French mountaineers Maurice Erzog and Louis Lusenal were able to rise to the mountain in 1950. To date, this is one of the most dangerous mountain peaks in the world, where preparation and experience does not mean anything, it all depends on the successful circumstance. Travelers face lifting difficulties even before approaching basic camp And most of the path have to climb on the slopes with a bias of 40%, constantly risking to get under avalanche. Until this day, only about 150 successful ascents were committed on Annapurna, and mortality is about 40% of the total number of people who tried to rise.

9. Nangarbat, 8.126 meters

The ninth altitude of the mountain peak on the land of Nangarbat, as well as the "mountain of the gods", in the western part of the Himalayas, rises up at a height of 8.126 meters. For this top, travelers tried to rise many times since 1859, but the Nangarbat was conquered only in 1953. This feat made Austrian Herman Boule, who for the first time in history conquered an eight-year-old alone. Nangarbat enters the top three of the most dangerous gear vertices for climbing, where mortality of climbers is more than 22%.

8. Manasla, 8.163 meters

Mount Manaslo, in the Himalayas, has a height of 8.163 meters. For the first time, the Japanese Tosio Imanisi and Sherp Gyalsen Norbi in 1956 were able to climb. For a long time, the mountain and its surroundings were a closed zone for visiting foreigners because of the proximity to Tibet.

7. Dhaulaagiri, 8.167 meters

Dhaulaagiri is a mountain range with several vertices in the Himalayas, the highest point of which rises above sea level 8.167 meters. For the first time, the top was conquered in 1960 by the team of European climbers and shareholders. This mountain is considered one of the most difficult for climbing, but by her southern route, known as the Wall of Dhaulagiri, so far no one could rise.

6. Cho-Ohu, 8.188 meters

The top of Cho-Oyu is located in the Himalayas, on the border of China with Nepal has a height of 8.188 meters. For the first time, Mountain was conquered in 1954 by the Austrian expedition as part of Herbert Tihi, Josef Yoehler and Sherpa Pasavig Giving Lama. This is one of the most simple peaks with a height of more than eight thousand for the ascent, which has become a real Mecca for lovers climbers.

5. Makalu, 8.485 meters

The fifth highest mountain peak in the world is a macal, so known as "black rider" located in central Himalayas, understood up to a height of 8.485 meters above sea level. For the first time, the French expedition was able to rise to the mountain in 1955 by three groups of three people. This vertex is considered one of the most complex in the world for lifting, only about 30% of expeditions to the top was crowned with success.

4. Lhotz, 8.516 meters

By and large, the fourth highest mountain in the world of Lhotse in the Himalayas, has three vertices with a height of more than eight thousand meters, where the highest peak has a height of 8.516 meters. The first ascent to the mountain was made by the team of Swiss climbers Ernst Reiss and Fritz Luchsinger in 1956. Among other eight thousand students, Lhotse has fewer routes laid to the top, there are only three of them, where one by one, climbers were able to go to peak only once in the 90s

3. Kanchenjanga, 8.586 meters

Mount Kanchenzhanga 8.586 meters high in Himalayas at the border of India and Nepal. For the first time, the top was able to conquer the British expedition as part of Joe Brown, George Benda, and Charles Evans (head) in 1955. For some time, Kanchenzhanga was considered the highest vertex in the world, but after accurate measurements, it was in third place.

2. Choir, 8.611 meters

The second highest mountain in the world, this is Choir in the Himalayas on the border of Pakistan and China has a height of 8.611 meters. For the first time Peaks conquered the team of Italian climbers Lino Lactelli and Akille Companions in 1954. Choir is one of the most difficult to lift vertices in the world, where people mortality raised the rise is 25%. For climbers, much honorable to climb the peak of Chochi than the highest peaks in the Jomolungma world.

1. Jomolungma / Everest, 8.848 meters

The highest peak on the Jomolungma Earth is 8.848 meters high, is in the Himalayas, on the border of Nepal and China. The top was conquered in 1953 by Sherpu Tenzing Northah and New Zealander Edmund Hillary. Every year, peak is trying to conquer more than 500 people and takes about two months. At the beginning of the year, 4042 climbers rose at Jomolungma, of which, 2829 people climbed the mountain twice.

The process of formation of mountains on Earth lasts millions of years. They arise from collisions of huge tectonic plates, of which the earth's crust is.

Today we will get acquainted with the highest mountains on 6 continents and see how they look against the background of the highest mountain peaks of the world - "eight-thousandnants", whose height above sea level exceeds 8,000 meters.

How many continents on earth? Sometimes they believe that Europe and Asia are 2 different continentsAlthough one mainland is of themselves:

Before you start a story about the highest mountains on 6 continents, let's take a look at the overall chart of the highest peaks on the ground.

"Eight-chassis" - This is the common name of the 14 highest mountain peaks of the world, whose height above sea level exceeds 8,000 meters. They are all in Asia. The conquest of all 14 "eight-thousandnesses" of the planet is the conquest of the "crown of the Earth" - is a great achievement in high-altitude mountaineering. For July 2012 it was possible to make only 30 climbers. (Clichabelno, 2010 × 810 px):

North America - Mac-Kinley Mountain, 6 194 m

This highest double-headed mountain North America, named after the 25th president of the United States. Located on Alaska.

Indigenous peoples called this peak "Denali", which means "the Great", and during the period of Russian colonization Alaska was simply called a big mountain.

Mac-Kinley Mountain, View from Denali National Park:

The first ascent to the main vertex of Mac-Kinley took place on June 7, 1913. On the slopes of the mountain are 5 major glaciers.

South America - Akonkagua Mountain, 6,962 m

it the highest point American continent South America, as well as the western and southern hemispheres. Belongs to the longest mountain range of the world - Andam.

The mountain is located in Argentina and in the language of Kechua means "Stone Guard". "Akonkagua" is the biggest extinct volcano on our planet.

Aconcagua is considered technically light mountain, if we climb on the northern slope.

The first registered ascent to the mountain was in 1897.

Europe - Mount Elbrus, 5,642 m

This stratov toll in the Caucasus is the highest peak of Russia. Given that the border between Europe and Asia is ambiguous, often Elbrus is also called the highest European mining vertex. (Clicable, 2500 × 663 px):

Elbrus is a double-headed volcano with a saddle. Western peak has a height of 5,642 m, Eastern - 5,621 m. The last eruption is dated 50 g.

In those times of eruption of Elbrus, probably reminded the eruption of modern Vesuvius, but they differed more power. From the volcanic crater at the beginning of the eruptions climbed a lot of kilometers up the powerful clouds of vapors and gases saturated with black ashes, closing all the sky, turning the day on the night. Earth shuddered from powerful underground jolts.

Nowadays, both tops of Elbrus are covered with eternal snow and ice. On the slopes of Elbrus, there are 23 glacier in different directions. The average speed of movement of glaciers is about 0.5 meters per day.

The first successful climbing one of the vertices of Elbrus was committed in 1829. The average annual number of those who died during the climb on Elbrus is 15-30 people. (Clicable, 1650 × 630 px):

Everest (Jomolungma) is the top of our world! The first height of the eight-thousand and the highest mountain on Earth.

The mountain is located in the Himalayas in the Mahalangur Himal Ridge, and the southern peak (8760 m) lies on the border of Nepal, and the northern (main) vertex (8848 m) is located in China.

Everest has the shape of a trothed pyramid. At the top of Jomolungma there are strongest winds, at the speed of up to 200 km / h, and the air temperature at night falls to -60 Celsius.

The first ascent to the top of Everest took place in 1953. Since the first climb to the top until 2011, more than 200 people died on the slopes of Everest. Now raising the top takes about 2 months - with acclimatization and installation of camps.

View from space:

The rise to Everest is not only extremely dangerous, but also expensive pleasure: the cost of ascents in the composition of specialized groups is up to 65 thousand US dollars, and one is only permission to climb, issued by the Government of Nepal, costs 10 thousand dollars

Australia and Oceania - Punchak-Jaya Mountain, 4884 m

The highest peak of Australia and Oceania, which is located on the island New Guinea. It is located on the Australian Plate and is the highest mountain in the world located on the island.

Mountain was opened in 1623 by the Dutch researcher Jan Kiston, who from afar saw a glacier on top. Therefore, sometimes the Mountain is called the Pyramid of Carsten.

The first ascent on Punchak-Jay occurred only in 1962. The name of the mountain from Indonesian language translates approximately as "victory peak".

These are the highest mountains of Antarctica. On the existence of a mountain range became known only in 1957. Since the mountains were discovered by American aircraft, afterwards they were called Massif Vison, in honor of the famous American policy of Charles Vince.

View of the Massif Viss Space:

This is the highest point of Africa, a huge sleeping volcano having two well-pronounced peaks in the northeast of Tanzania. The mountain has no documented eruptions, but local legends talk about volcanic activity 150-200 years ago.

Higher - the vertex of cybo, almost the right cone having a powerful glaciation.

The name comes from the Sugili language and allegedly means "a mountain that sparkles."

Snow cap, which covered the peak of the mountain of 11,000 years from the last glacial period, quickly melts. Over the past 100 years, the volume of snow and ice has decreased by more than 80%. It is believed that it is caused by not a change in temperature, but a reduction in the number of snowfall.

The highest peak of Africa was first conquered by the German traveler Hans Meyer in 1889.

Ecology

The highest peaks are at the peak of the highest mountains of seven continents. Alpinists are known as " Seven verthos"That first conquered Richard Babs on April 30, 1985.

Here are several interesting facts about the highest points in all parts of the world.

Highest mountain peaks

The other day program Google Maps.'Street View. He offered everyone to enjoy the top of the highest peaks of the world, offering interactive gallery of the highest mountains on Earth.

Maps include panoramic view of 4 of 7 vertices: Everest in Asia Himalayas, Kilimanjaro in Africa, Elbrus in Europe and Akonkagua in South America.

You can make a vigorous climbing on these peaks, without exposing yourself the dangers of the height and the natural difficulties faced by climbers.

1. The highest peak of peace and Asia - Mount Everest (Jomolungma)

Height of Mount Everest

8848 meters

Geographic coordinates of Mount Everest:

27,9880 degrees of northern latitude and 86.9252 degrees of Eastern longitude (27 ° 59 "17" N, 86 ° 55 "31" E)

Where is Mount Everest?

Mount Everest or Jomolungma is the highest mountain on earthwhich is located in the area Mahalangur Himal In the Himalayas. The international border between China and Nepal takes place on its top. The Everest array includes neighboring vertices of Lhotse (8516 m), Nuppze (7861 m) and Changze (7543 m).

The highest mountain in the world attracts many experienced climbers and lovers from around the world. Although technically climbing under the standard route does not represent big problems, in Everest, the lack of oxygen, disease, weather and wind are considered to be the most greater dangers.

Other facts:

Mount Everest, which else is called Jomolungma From Tibetan translates as "Divine Mother of Snow" and from Nepalese as "Mother of the Universe". The mountain is considered sacred for local residents. The name Everest was assigned to the British George Everest, who first measured the height of the highest mountain peak World.

Mount Everest annually rises by 3-6 mm and shifted to the northeast by 7 cm.

- The first climb on Everest Made New Zelandets Edmund Hilary (Edmund Hillary) and Nepalese Sherp TENDING NORGEY (Tenzing Norgay) as part of the British Expedition on May 29, 1953.

The largest expedition that stacked Everest consisted of 410 people entering the Chinese team of 1975.

- The safest year On Everest became 1993, when 129 people got to the top, and 8 killed. The most tragic year Before 1996, when 98 people conquered the top, and 15 people died (8 of them died on May 11).

Nepalese Sherpa App is a man who rose most often to Everest. He set a record, rising 21 times since 1990 to 2011.

2. The highest peak of South America - Mount Akonkagua

Height of Akonkagua

6,959 meters

Geographic coordinates of Akonkagua

32,6556 degrees of southern latitude and 70,0158 Western longitude (32 ° 39 "12.35" S 70 ° 00 "39.9" W)

Where is the mountain Akonkagua

Akonkagua is the highest mountain on the American continent, located in the Jewel Mountain System in the province Mendoza in Argentina. Also that's the highest peak, both in Western and in the southern hemisphere.

Mountain is part National Park Akonkagua. It consists of a number of glaciers, the most famous of which is the Polish glacier in the north-east - a frequent climbing route.

Other facts:

- Name "Akonkagua" Probably means from the Arakan language "on the other side of the Akonkagua River" or from the Language of Kechua "Stone Guard".

In terms of mountaineering, Akonkagua is mild mountain for climbingIf you are sent along the northern route, which does not require ropes, hooks and other equipment.

- First conquered Akonkagua Britannets Edward Fitzgerald EDWARD FITZGERALD) in 1897.

The youngest climber who reached the top of Akonkagua was the 10-year-old Matthew Monz. (Matthew Moniz) December 16, 2008. The most elderly - 87-year-old Scott Lewis Scott Lewis in 2007.

3. The highest mountain of North America - Mac-Kinley Mountain

Mac-Kinley Height

6194 meters

Geographic coordinates Mac-Kinley

63,0694 degrees of northern latitude, 151.0027 degrees of Western longitude (63 ° 4 "10" N, 151 ° 0 "26" W)

Where is the Mac-Kinley Mountain

Mac-Kinley Mountain is located in Alaska in National Park Denali and is the highest vertex in the US and North America, as well as the third most outstanding vertex in the world After Mount Everest and Akonkagua.

Other facts:

Mac-Kinley Mountain used to be the highest peak of Russiauntil Alaska was sold by the United States.

Locals call her "Denali" (in the Language of Atabaski "Great"), and the Russians inhabited Alaska just "big mountain". She later renamed her "Mac-Kinley" in honor of US President William McKornley.

- The first to conquer McKinley Steel American climbers led by Hudson Stak (Hudson Stuck) and Harry Carstens (Harry Karstens) June 7, 1913.

Best period for climbing - from May to July. Because of the far northern latitude, there is a lower atmospheric pressure, and less oxygen on top than in other high mountains of the world.

4. The highest peak of Africa - Kilimanjaro Mountain

Kilimanjaro height

5895 meters

Kilimanjaro's geographic coordinates

3,066 degrees of southern latitude and 37,3591 degrees of Eastern longitude (3 ° 4 "0" S, 37 ° 21 "33" E)

Where is Kilimanjaro

Kilimanjaro is highest mountain Africa And is B. Kilimanjaro National Park In Tanzania. This volcano consists of three volcanic cones: Kiba, Maventi and Shira. Kilimanjaro is a huge stratov toll, which began to form a million years ago when Lava was erupted in the area of \u200b\u200bthe rift valley.

Two vertices: Mavenyi and Shira are extinct volcanoes, while the highest - cybo is sleeping volcanowhich can spew again. The last major eruption occurred 360,000 years ago, and the activity was fixed only 200 years ago.

Other facts:

There are several versions explaining the origin of "Kilimanjaro". According to one theory, the name happened from the word in the language of Swahili "Kilima" ("Mountain") and the words of the language of Kumagga "Njaro" ("White"). According to another version, Kilimanjaro is the European origin of the phrase of Kumagga, which means "We did not rose to her."

Starting from 1912, Kilimanjaro lost more than 85 percent of snow. According to scientists after 20 years, the whole snow Kilimanjaro melts.

- First climbing was committed by a German explorer Hans Meyer (Hans Meyer) and Austrian Mountaineer Ludwig Purtsseller (Ludwig Purtscheller) with the third attempt on October 6, 1889

- About 40,000 people They are trying to conquer Mount Kilimanjaro every year.

The oldest climber rising to Kilimanjaro was 7-year-old Kitts boyd (Keats Boyd), who climbed on January 21, 2008.

5. The highest peak of Europe (and Russia) - Mount Elbrus

Altitude Mount Elbrus

5642 meters

Geographic coordinates of Mount Elbrus

43,3550 degrees of northern latitude, 42,4392 Eastern longitude (43 ° 21 "11" N, 42 ° 26 "13" E)

Where is Mount Elbrus?

Mount Elbrus is an extinct volcano located in the western part Caucasian Gor. At the border of Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia in Russia. The vertex Elbrus is higher and in Russia, in Europe and the western part of Asia. Western peak reaches 5642 m, and the eastern 5621 m.

Other facts:

- Name "Elbrus" Comes from the Iranian word "alburs", which means "High Mountain". Also called Ming Tau ("Eternal Mountain"), Yalbuz ("Mane Snow") and Oshhamakho ("Mount of Happiness")

Elbrus is covered with permanent glacial cover, which supports 22 glaciers, which in turn feed the Baksan rivers, Kuban and Malka.

Elbrus. located in the moving tectonic area, and deep under extluous volcano There is a molten magma.

- First climbing on the eastern vertex Elbrus was committed on July 10, 1829 Hilair Kacharovwho consisted in the expedition of the Russian general G.A. Emmanuel, and on Western (which is above about 40 m) - in 1874 by the English expedition under the leadership F. Crawford Grove. (F. Crauford Grove).

From 1959 to 1976 it was built here cable car which raises visitors to a height of 3750 meters.

Per year on Elbrus about 15-30 people die Basically because of poorly organized attempts to conquer the vertex

In 1997, an SUV Land Rover Defender. He climbed to the top of Elbrus, setting the world record Guinness.

6. The highest peak of Antarctica - Massif Vison

Massive height Wormson

4892 meters

Geographic coordinates of Massiva Vison

78,5254 degrees of southern latitude and 85.6171 degrees of Western longitude (78 ° 31 "31.74" S, 85 ° 37 "1.73" W)

Massif Vison on a map

Massif Winson is the highest mountain of Antarctica, which is located on the Sentinel Ridge in the Alsuort Mountains. An array of about 21 km long and a width of 13 km is located 1200 km from the southern pole.

Other facts

The highest top - Peak Vinson, named after Karl Vyson - Member of the US Congress. For the first time, Vyson's array found out in 1958, and first climbing It was committed in 1966.

In 2001, the first expedition rose to the top through Eastern route And measured the height of the vertex using GPS.

More 1400 people Tried to conquer Peak Vison.

7. The highest peak of Australia and Oceania - Mount Punch-Jay

Punchal Joy Height

4884 meters

Geographic coordinates of Punechak-Jay

4,0833 degrees of southern latitude 137.183 degrees of Eastern longitude (4 ° 5 "0" S, 137 ° 11 "0" E)

Where is Punch-Jay

Punchy Jay or Pyramid Carsten - this highest top Mountains Carsten in the western part of Papua Province in Indonesia.

This mountain is high in Indonesia, on the island of New Guinea, in Oceania (on the Australian Plate), the highest mountain on the island, and the highest point between Himalayas and Andes.

The highest vertex on the Australian continent is the Mountain Kostotsyushkowhose height is 2228 meters.

Other facts:

When Indonesia began to manage the province in 1963, the peak was renamed to the top of Sukarno in honor of the President of Indonesia. Later, she was renamed Punchy Jay. The word "Puncak" from Indonesian means "Mountain or Peak", and "Jaya" is translated as "victory".

Top Punch-Jay for the first time conquered In 1962, Austrian climbers under the guidance Henry Garrera (Heinrich Harrer) and three more expedition members.

Access to the top requires government permission. The mountain was closed for tourists and climbers from 1995 to 2005. Since 2006, access is possible through various travel agencies.

Punchk jaya is considered one of the most difficult rates. He has the highest technical rating, but not the greatest physical requirements.

Mountains take about 24% of all sushi. Most of all the mountains in Asia - 64%, the least in Africa - 3%. 10% of the population lives in the mountains globe. And it is in the mountains that most rivers on our planet originate.

Characteristic Mountains

By geographical position Mountains are combined into various communities that should be distinguished.

. Mountain belts - The largest education, often stretching through several continents. For example, the Alpine-Himalayan belt passes through Europe and Asia or Andijan-Cordillers, stretching through North and South America.
. Mining system - Groups of mountains and ridges similar to structure and age. For example, the Ural Mountains.

. Mountain ridges - A group of mountains stretched into line (Sangre de Cristo in the USA).

. Mountain groups - also a group of mountains, but not elongated in line, but simply located nearby. For example, the Mountains of Ber-in in Montana.

. Single mountains - Not other, often have volcanic origins (dining area in South Africa).

Natural zones Gor.

Natural zones in the mountains are located layers and replace depending on the height. At the foot most often there is a zone of meadows (in highlands) and forests (in medium and lowlands). The higher, the harsh becomes climate.

The belts are influenced by the climate, height, relief of mountains and their geographical position. For example, the continental mountains have no forest belts. From the foot to the top of the natural zones are changing from the desert to the meadows.

Types of Mountains

There are several classifications of mountains on various features: in structure, shape, origin, age, geographical position. Consider the most basic types:

1. By age Stay old and young mountains.

Old Call mining systems, whose age is calculated by hundreds of millions of years. The internal processes in them subsided, and the external (wind, water) continue to destroy, gradually comparing them with the plains. The old mountains include the Urals, Scandinavian, Hibin (on the Kola Peninsula).

2. In height There are lowlands, middle mountains and high mountains.

Low Mountains (up to 800 m) - with round or flat vertices and gentle slopes. There are many rivers in such mountains. Examples: Northern Urals, Hibiny, Tien Shan Snogs.

Middle Mountains (800-3000 m). They are characterized by changing the landscape depending on the height. This is Polar Urals, Appalachi, the Mountains of the Far East.

High Mountains (over 3000 m). These are mainly young mountains with steep slopes, sharp peaks of the vertices. Natural zones are replaced by forests to icy deserts. Examples: Pamir, Caucasus, Andes, Himalayas, Alps, Rocky Mountains.

3. By origin Allocate volcanic (Fuji), tectonic (Altai mountains) and denudation, or erosion (Vilyuyskiy, Ilim).

4. At the form of a vertex Mountains are peek (peak of communism, Kazbek), plain and dining rooms (Ambea in Ethiopia or monument valley in the USA), dome-shaped (Ayu Dag, Mashuk).

Climate in the mountains

The mountain climate has a number characteristic featuresthat appear with a height.

A decrease in temperature - the higher, the colder. It is not by chance that the peaks of the highest mountains are covered with glaciers.

Falls atmospheric pressure. For example, on top of Everest, pressure is twice lower than at sea level. That is why water in the mountains boils faster - at 86-90ºC.

The intensity of solar radiation increases. In the mountains, sunlight contains more ultraviolet.

The amount of precipitation increases.

High mountain ridges Delay precipitation and affect the movement of cyclones. Therefore, the climate on different slopes of the same mountain may differ. With a viewed side, a lot of moisture, the sun, with the leeward is always dry and cool. A bright example is the Alps, where subtropics are presented on one side of the slopes, and a moderate climate dominates from the other.

The highest mountains in the world

(Click on the picture to increase the scheme in full)

Seven highest vertices in the world are distinguished, to conquer that all climbers dream. Those who succeeded, become honorary members of the Semi Verkhin Club. These are such mountains like:

. Jomolungma, or Everest (8848 m). Located on the border of Nepal and Tibet. Refers to the Himalayas mountain system. It has the shape of a triangular pyramid. The first conquest of the mountain took place in 1953.

. Akonkagua (6962 m). This is the highest mountain in the southern hemisphere, located in Argentina. Refers to the Mountain System Andes. The first ascent took place in 1897.

. Mac-Kinley. - the highest peak of North America (6168 m). Located on Alaska. First conquered in 1913. It was considered the highest point of Russia, until Alaska was sold to America.

. Kilimanjaro - The highest age of Africa (5891.8 m). Located in Tanzania. First conquered in 1889. This is the only mountain where all types of land belts are presented.

. Elbrus. - the highest peak of Europe and Russia (5642 m). Located in the Caucasus. The first ascent took place in 1829.

. Massif Vince - The highest mountain of Antarctica (4897 m). Enters the system of Mount Elsuort. It is first conquered in 1966.

. Mont Blanc - The highest point of Europe (many attribute Elbrus to Asia). Height - 4810 m. Located on the border of France and Italy, refers to the Alps mountain system. The first ascent in 1786, and after a century, in 1886, the top of Mont Blancus conquered Theodore Roosevelt.

. Pyramid Carsten - the highest mountain in Australia and Oceania (4884 m). Located on New Guinea Island. First conquest - in 1962