Volcanoes of the decade are called mountain peaksthat, according to International Association Wolcanology and Chemistry of Earth's subsoil deserve careful and full-fledged learning. The need to study volcanoes is primarily connected with their proximity to large settlements and a rich history filled with many devastating eruptions. The project "Volcanoes of the Decade" was launched on January 1, 1990 at the UN initiative within the International Decade Reduction to Reduce Natural Disasters.

Criteria for the selection of decades of volcanoes

According to the project, the list may include only the most dangerous volcanoes that correspond to the following criteria:

• pyroclastic flows;
• lava streams;
• lahara;
• loss of Tefra;
• structural volcanic instability;
• recent geological activity;
• high probability of death of dozens or hundreds of thousands of people;
• destruction of the lava dome.

List of volcanoes decade

To date, these include 16 vertices located in different parts of the world:

1. Avachinsk Sopka, Russia. Volcano height of 2741 m is located in the southern part of the Kamchatka and is complicated from slags, andesitic and basalt lava. Over the past three centuries, he everacted 18 times during the last explosion in 1991 in his 400-meter crater formed a large stopper of lava, which can be cut at any time.

2. Colima, Mexico. Located in the Mexican vulcanic Sierra, the top has a height of 3850 m and consists of two peaks of the conical shape, one of which is valid. From 1576, over 40 eruptions were recorded, within the framework of the latter, in 2015, the column of ashes and smoke rose to a height of about 10 km.

3. Galeras, Colombia. The mountain rises near the city of Pasto and is a constant threat to its 400-thousand population. The height of the volcano - 4276 m, the diameter of the crater - 320 m. For 7,000 years, survived at least 6 powerful eruptions and countless small. During the last volcanic activity in 2010, local authorities had to evacuate more than 9,000 people.

4. Mauna Loa, Hawaii, USA. Shield volcano in Hawaii rises at 4169 m above the sea and is considered the largest in terms of all active vertices of our planet. Since the 1830s, 39 eruptions were registered, the latter happened in 1984.

5. Etna, Italy. Lovely is the highest existing volcano in Europe and one of the most active. Once she was the reason for almost complete destruction of skating, and now, on average, every 3 months pours Lava from its many craters.

6. Merapy, Indonesia. The most active Indonesian volcano is located on the island of Java and erupts the interval of about six months. Every seven years has a powerful eruption, and smoke emits almost every day. During the 2010 eruption of 2010, more than 190 residents of the surrounding villages became victims of the volcano.

7. Niiragongo, Congo. Of all the observed eruptions of Africa on this volcano and the neighboring vertex of Nyamlagil accounts for about 40% of the volcanic activity of the continent. It has a large 250-meter crater, from which from time to time emits an incredibly liquid lava. Due to the small content of quartz, this lava can flock over the slopes at a speed of up to 100 kilometers per hour.

8. Reinir, USA. According to the geological service of the United States, over 150 thousand people may suffer from the volcano. Run 88 km from Seattle and on this moment Refers to sleeping, although in the XIX century, at least 6 of its eruptions were recorded.

9. Vesuvius, Italy. The worst event in the history of the volcano happened in 79, when several campan cities were destroyed from pyroclastic and village streams, including Pompeii and Herculane. The last time was erupted in 1944, then 27 people were injured from his activity and the towns of Mass and San Sebastian were destroyed.

10. Undwan, Japan. The eruption of the volcano in 1792 entered the top five most devastating in the history of mankind. During the explosion of the mountain, 55-meter tsunami was formed, destroying over 15 thousand people.

11. Sakuradzima, Japan. The volcano is located on the island of Kyushu and is considered a tourist attraction, but next to it is located the cities of Tarumiz and Kagoshima, so in the case of an eruption, disaster will affect at least 600 thousand people.

12. Santa Maria, Guatemala. One of the worst volcanoes of the country. Until the beginning of the 20th century, he did not erupt over 500 years. In 1902, about 5 cube was thrown as a result of a large explosion. km Tefra and destroyed 6,000 people.

13. Santorin, Greece. The eruption of the volcano, dating from about 1645 to our era, was the cause of the disappearance of the Minoan culture in Crete and led to the tsunami height of 18 m, washed away all the coastal settlements.

14. Tala, Philippines. An active on the island of Luzon is known for its eruption of 1911, when it was destined to 10 km away from pyroclastic fluxes for 8-10 minutes, including more than 1,300 people.

15. Tadeid Canary Islands, Spain. During the explosion in 1706, the volcano ruined the city of Garachiko and a number of villages. Last volcanic activity dates back to 1909.

16. Wywow, Papua New Guinea . Highest top The Bismarck Archipelago is considered to be the most active in the country and is known for the eruption of 1915, as a result of which the town of Torio located nearby, was covered with a 10-centimeter ash layer.

Each student knows that Mercury is the closest to the sun planet in our solar system. Nevertheless, for several decades in the 19th century, many leading scientists of the world They had good reason to assume that the planet, called the volcano, is somewhere inside the orbit of Mercury. The famous French mathematician first assumed the existence of this phantom planet in 1859, and it remained one of the most wanted celestial objects, while in 1915 the theory of the relativity of Albert Einstein finally did not devour this mystery.

In 1859, the French scientist Urben Jean-Joseph Leverier began working on one of the most mysterious problems in Astronomy: orbit Mercury. For many years, astronomers noted that this small planet solar system seems to be its own course when it revolves around the sun. In particular, its perigelium is a point when the planet is closest to the Sun, - slightly shifts on each orbit. According to the law of Sir Isaac Newton, such a discrepancy can be easily explained by the presence of other celestial objects. Nevertheless, even after the Leverier counted the gravitational attraction of Venus, Earth, Mars and Jupiter, his predictions of the orbit of Mercury were always a bit inaccurate. Planet never found himself where she had to be.

Hypothesis Leverier

After the leather carefully checked and re-made his calculations, he proposed an innovative hypothesis: some other object, unknown and invisible, has a gravitational attraction to the orbit of Mercury. This planet, or a group small planetsFurious in the immediate vicinity of the orbit of Mercury is capable of performing an abnormal impact, which is felt by the last planet. Leverage suggested that the sun glare was prevented to identify this object in the past. Nevertheless, he argued that it can be easily detected under the appropriate conditions.

Dear astronomer

The scientific community welcomed the theory of Leiser, and there was a valid reason, since he had already had the experience of finding new planets. Thirteen years before, he made a similar prediction, trying to explain the gravitational fluctuations in the orbit of the planet Uranus. When astronomers scanned the sky, they discovered the previously unknown planet Neptune. The discovery provided leverage international scientific glory and provided admission to the French order of the Honorary Legion and the post of head of the Paris Observatory. His intellect was described as "practically superhuman".

"Opening" of the new planet

Armed with fresh prediction from Neptune opener, astronomers immediately began hunting a new planet. But it turned out that the breakthrough occurred a few months earlier, and made his amateur named Edmont Modest Dressing. The doctor by profession, the medicine was also a passionate star, which built his own improvised observatory in rural areas. Looking into your telescope on March 26, 1859, he saw a small black point - perhaps the planet - drifting along the surface of the sun. At that time, the doctor did not talk to anyone about his opening, but after reading notes about the hypothetical planet, Leerier sent him a letter with a full report.

Having received a letter, Leverier went to a metabot meeting to explore his equipment and notes. After this meeting, he was even more convinced that there was another planet, located closer to the Sun than Mercury. Leverier announced the opening in early 1860. Objecting the tradition of calling the planet with the names of the mythical gods, he gave her the name of the volcano, in honor of the Roman god of forgesmith.

Unsuccessful attempts by observation

The discovery of the volcano has become a big step forward for science. The zeal was adopted in the Order of the Honorary Legion, and Leverage once again called the genius. There was only one problem: a new planet was depressingly difficult to detect. Disparate information about the observation of the volcano was filled with all globeBut most of them were from amateur astronomers. Leverage continued to be independent confirmation from a respected professional. In the hope of getting this confirmation, supporters of Leverier calculated that the planet can be seen at the end of March - early April 1860. Astronomers tuned their telescopes, but when the appointed time came, the volcano did not seem. Many soon began to wonder if this planet actually exists.

Hunting on volcano

Over the next few years, the volcano has become the subject of international hunting. During the 1860s, many observations were carried out, but for each astronomer who claimed that he saw the planet, there were a lot of those who were trying, but did not find anything. The rows of skeptics continued to grow to 1871, when the team of English astronomers could not find the planet for the third year in a row. The question of the volcano remained open since 1859 - this was written by the author Thomas Leenson in his book "Hunting of the Volcano". Random observations and seemingly consistent calculations, heated this interest.

In 1876, the fate of the volcano seemed to be solved. A skilled astronomer said that he watched the transit of the planet near the Sun, and the newspapers received a new flurry of messages from lovers. Enthusiasm was so high that the "New York Times" even appeared an article in which it was argued that "the existence of a volcano can no longer deny or ignore." According to the article, the Earth should now be called the fourth planet from the Sun, and children in public schools, who study the old-fashioned order of the planets, must be remembered by the volcano and its place in the solar system.

Fall with Olymp

Leverage died in 1877, but the most saturated period in the life of the volcano was still ahead. Only a year later, on July 29, 1878, a complete solar eclipse occurred, which could be observed in Russia and North America. Such an event was very convenient for observing the volcano, and therefore the legions of astronomers set their telescopes and cameras in the hope of seeing it. Most surrendered quickly enough, but two respected astronomers - James Craig Watson and Lewis Swift - argued that they were able to notice the planet. The newspapers began to cut the existence of a volcano again, but this triumph was short-lived. Critics said that scientists actually saw two well-known stars, and most of the scientific community abandoned these observations as from erroneous.

After the observations of Watson and Swift were criticized, the belief of the scientific community in the volcano almost disappeared. This planet has become equivalent to the myth of Eldorado in astronomy, from which most scientists refused, although some still continued to look for her. However, if the volcano does not exist, scientists began to wonder again, which causes a displacement of the orbit of Mercury.

Solving issues

The final answer to this question was finally appeared in 1915, when Einstein threw a scientific bomb, which became his overall theory of relativity. Unlike the theories of Newton's gravity, which could explain the orbit of Mercury only by the existence of an unknown planet, the overall theory of relativity argues that the supermissible object is in this case the Sun is capable of curving space and time and change the path of light. Shortly before the publication of his theory, Einstein applied her to Mercury and found that she perfectly explains the inconsistency of his orbit. Thus, Mercury is not attracted by any object, and we are talking about moving through a distorted temporary space.

As a result of Einstein's breakthrough, the volcano was permanently dropped from an astronomical sky. Astronomers erased the planet from their charts, and the news about past observations explained by the appearance of unidentified stars or solar spots. The volcano at the same time became one of the most famous impasses in scientific history, but his "death" did not put an end to the hunt for new worlds within the solar system. In 1930, a dwarf planet Pluto was opened after long searches. Meanwhile, in recent years, scientists have found enough evidence that the hypothetical "nine planet" can be somewhere on the external edge of the solar system.

Most of the volcanoes of our planet is located in the "Fire Ring", which stretches along the shores of the whole Pacific Ocean. And there are about 1.5 thousand volcanoes on Earth, of which 540 are active.

Here is a list of the most dangerous of them.

1. Niiragongo, height 3470 m, Democratic Republic of the Congo

This is one of the most dangerous volcanoes in Africa. Since 1882, 34 eruptions have been registered here. The main crater is 250 meters deep and 2 km wide, and in it there is a lake of actively burly lava. This lava is extremely fluid and its streams can reach a speed of 100 km / h. In 2002, 147 people were killed as a result of eruptions and 120,000 people were left without housing. The last eruption at the moment happened in 2016.

2. TALA, height 311 m, Philippines


This is one of the smallest active volcanoes on our planet. From 1572, he everacted 34 times. Located on Luzon Island, on Lake Tala. The strongest eruption of this volcano in the 20th century happened in 1911 - 1335 people died in 10 minutes and in general everything is alive at a distance of 10 km. In 1965, 200 people died. Last eruption - 1977

3. Mauna Loa, height 4 169 m, Hawaii (USA)


In Hawaii, many volcanoes, but it is the largest and most dangerous of all. Since 1832, 39 eruptions have been recorded. The last eruption occurred in 1984, the last strong eruption in 1950.

4. Vesuvius, height 1 281 m, Italy


One of the most dangerous volcanoes in the world is located just 15 km east of Naples. The most famous historical eruption occurred in 79 AD. As a result, this casterfields are two cities - Pompeii and Herculaneum - disappeared from the face of the earth. In modern history, the last eruption of Vesuvius happened in 1944.

5. Merapy, height 2 930 m, Indonesia


This most active in Indonesia the current volcano is located on the island of Java not far from the city of Yogyakarta. "Merapy" is translated as "mountain fire". The volcano is young, so he puffs with enviable regularity. Large eruptions occur on average every 7 years. In 1930, about 1,300 people died, in 1974 two villages were destroyed, in 2010 353 people died. Last eruption - 2011

6. Saint Helens, height 2 550 m, USA


Located 154 km from Seattle and 85 km from Portland. The most famous eruption of this active volcano occurred in 1980, when 57 people died. The eruption was rare type - "directional explosion". The process of eruption of the volcano and the spread of the ash cloud was filmed by photographer Robert Landsburg, who died at the same time, but retaining the film. The last activity today has been fixed in 2008.

7. Etna, height 3 350 m, Italy


Etna volcano is located on eastern coast Sicily. This is the highest active volcano in Europe. Throughout its existence, he everacted about 200 times. In 1992, one of the largest eruptions was recorded, during which the town of Dzaffera was barely saved. On December 3, 2015, the central crater of the volcano threw the lava fountain for kilometer height. Last eruption - February 27, 2017.

8. Sakuradzima, height 1 117 m, Japan


The volcano is located on the Peninsula of the Osuma Kyushu Island in the Japanese Kagosima Prefecture. Almost always stands over the volcano cloud of smoke. The eruptions were recorded on August 18, 2013, in March 2009. The last eruption was recorded on July 26, 2016.

9. Galeras, height 4 276 m, Colombia


Over the past 7 thousand years, at least six major eruptions occurred on the gallers and many small ones. In 1993 during research work In the crater, six volcanologists and three tourists were killed (the eruption also began). Latest registered eruptions: January 2008, February 2009, January and August 2010

10. Popochetetet, height 5426 m, Mexico


The name is translated as a "smoking hill". Volcano is located near Mexico City. From 1519 he everacted 20 times. The last eruption was recorded in 2015.

11. Undwan, height 1,500 m, Japan


The volcano is located on the Simabara Peninsula. The eruption of the Uncenn volcano in 1792 is among the five most devastating eruptions in the history of mankind by number human victims. The eruption caused tsunami with a height of 55 meters, the victims of which were more than 15 thousand people. And in 1991, 43 people were killed during the eruption. Since 1996, eruptions have not been observed.

12. Krakataau, height 813 m, Indonesia


This acting volcano is located between the Islands of Java and Sumatra. Until the historical eruption of 1883, the volcano was significantly higher and was one big Island. However, the most powerful eruption of 1883 destroyed the island and volcano. Today Krakatau is still active and small eruptions occur quite regularly. Last Activity - 2014.

13. Santa Maria, height 3 772 m, Guatemala


The first registered eruption of this volcano occurred in October 1902, before that he was "rested" for 500 years. The explosion was heard over 800 km in Costa Rica, and the ash pillar rose 28 km. About 6 thousand people died. Today, the volcano is in active condition. The last eruption is registered in 2011.

14. Klyuchevskaya Natka, height 4835 m, Russia


The volcano is located in the east of Kamchatka 60 km from the coast. This is the largest acting volcano in Russia. Over the past 270 years, more than 50 eruptions have been recorded, the latter - in April 2016.

15. Karamskaya Natka, height 1468 m, Russia


Also located on Kamchatka. Since 1852, more than 20 eruptions have been recorded. Eruption of recent years: 2005, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2014, 2015 Very restless volcano.

Ecology

In 2018, scientists dared to predict the activation of volcanic activities on the planet, the tall catastrophic consequences in the form of global climate change, destroying cities and death of people.

Such bad predictions of experts are not primarily: who has been observed increasing volcanic activity along the region of the Pacific Volcanic Fiery Ring, where more than three hundred acting volcanoes are located.

Alarming behavior and couples-troika of other active volcanoes that have managed for last years Ten-twenty spend your life to a significant number of people on our planet. But the existing volcanoes are only on land - about nine hundred.

Volcanoes are an integral part of the Earth that reminds us how destructive to be the rage of nature. We bring to your attention a list of ten more dangerous current volcanoes of our planet.

Existing volcanoes

Volcano Mauna Loa, Hawaii

While the whole world with a swimming looks at how Kilauea Volcano covers the waves of the hot lava large Island Hawaii, not so far from him peacefully dorm megavulkan Mauna Loawhose height is 4169 meters (that is, almost three thousand meters above Kilauea!).

Mauna Loa, the name of which is translated as a "long mountain", is the most huge operating volcano on the planet Earth. At the moment it is a place for pilgrimage of tourists and a platform for the work of representatives of the scientist.

The formation of this volcano began approximately 700,000 years ago, while its activity is still preserved. The most recent Mauna Loa eruption occurred in 1984. The underwater part of this volcano is the largest on the planet and is 80 thousand cubic kilometers.

The volcano escapes the intensive streams of lava, which threaten not only a huge ecosystem, which has risen in his slopes, but also the closest human settlements. Hawaiians in their mythology allocated Mauna-Loa place of one of the sisters of Pele - the goddess of fire, volcanoes and a strong wind.

Vulcan Eyyafyadlayukyudle, Iceland

For some time, Eyadyadlayukyudl became one of the most famous volcanoes on our planet. And this is despite the fact that without a stick, his name will be able to pronounce very few. This volcano is 1666 meters high (the mysterious combination of the three sixes, is it?) Located in the south of Iceland.

It is part of several small glaciers of this. island state. The volcanic crater itself, the diameter of which ranges from three to four kilometers, was also covered with glaciers. However, the eruption of Eyyafyadlayyukyudla, which began on March 20, 2010, melted its ice.

Despite the fact that Eyadyadlayukyudl is not the most large volcano On the territory of Iceland, his eruption delivered trouble to all of Europe. The height that volcanic ash reached 13 kilometers.And his significant distribution led to the suspension of flights over the entire Northern Europe.

After almost a month, volcanic ash volcano Eyyafyadlayukyudl was registered on a huge part of the territory Russian Federation. As a result of the last eruption on the volcano, a new crack was formed in the direction from the north to the southern part, the length of which was two kilometers.

Vesuviy volcano, Italy

Speaking about the most dangerous acting planet volcanoes, it would be an unforgivable frivolity not to mention the Italian Vesuvius. This volcano, the last eruption of which was recorded in 1944Is the most famous in the world because of the era of the city of Pompeii and Herkulanum era in 79.

The location of this volcano, the only acting in the territory of continental Europe, makes it one of the most dangerous in the world. The reason is the proximity of the densely populated regions. It is enough to say that only fifteen kilometers from Vesuvia is Naples, whose agglomeration exceeds three million people.

Vesuvius is not distinguished by an outstanding height - it has only 1281 meters above sea level. His fairly frequent activity (one eruption of about once every twenty years) Defended by the relative youth of the volcano - it formed about 25,000 years ago.

We most often remember the tragedy of Pompeii, where about two thousand people were buried during the eruption. At the same time, we forget that when an eruption of July 26, 1805 (not the most strong eruption of this volcano!), Vesuviy took the lives of 26 thousand people!

Active volcanoes

Volcano Niiragongo, Congo

If we talk about activity, then the volcano of the nyragongo, whose height is 3469 meters, can be considered one of the most active. It is known that since 1882, 34 eruptions were recorded.. Some of these eruptions continued over long months and even years.

In essence, the "conscience" of Nyraonggo and his neighbor Nyamlagira has forty percent of all the eruptions that continue to watch the African continent to this day. If we talk about the most destructive eruptions of Niiragongo, then the latter occurred on January 10, 1977.

As a result of the cataclysm, about two thousand people died, the tragedy occurred literally during the first half hour from the moment of the beginning of the eruption. The most deadly eruption of Nyraongo In this century, it happened in 2002, when 45 people were cung under the streams of lava.

Nyraongo is also known in that in its main crater is the most big Lake The molten lava, the diameter of which is two kilometers. Lava temperature is 1200 degrees Celsius. Self fire Lakewhich can be seen even from space, according to its size resembles a red cyclopic eye, or, if you want, Saurona Eye.

Volcano Tala, Philippines

Talal volcano, the height of which is just some 311 meters, located on Luzon Island, just 50 kilometers From more than half a and amillion city of Manila, the capital of the Philippines. In essence, it is one of the smallest acting volcanoes on our planet.

Despite its sizes, Tala sent many thousands of people to the light. It is known that from 1572 this volcano eves no less than thirty times. It was due to its activity that the third largest lake of the Philippines was formed, the greatest depth of which is 172 meters. It is called the same - Tala.

One of the most powerful eruptions of Taalian, as a result of which, for a few minutes, all alive at a distance of ten kilometers from the volcano died at a distance of up to ten kilometers from the volcano, occurred on January 30, 1911. Then masses of superheated steam and chopped ashes Destroyed 1335 people. It is noteworthy that Lava Volcano did not throw away.

The huge cloud of ash, as reported by the sources of those years, was visible at a distance of more than four hundred kilometers. Last thing powerful eruption Taaly was also fixed in the last century. It happened in 1965, taking the life of more than two hundred people.

Vulcan Merapy, Indonesia

Some volcanoes destroy settlements and villages as Nyamlagira and Tala. Others like Vesuvius, whole cities. About Volcano Merapy know that he destroyed the whole Yavansko-Indian kingdomwhich was located on the territory of modern Indonesia. It happened in 1006th year.

The highest point of the Merapy is 2968 meters. "Mountain of Fire" (namely, the name of this volcano is translated) does not bother with deadly eruptions. And it is not surprising, since the Merapy is the youngest volcano from the group of its numerous "relatives" located in the south of the island of Java.

The first half of the last century had 13 eruptions of the "Mountain of Fire". It is known for example that in 1930, 1300 people died due to the activity of this volcano. And now in 1974 Merapya erases two settlements from the face of the earthAnd after just a year - another village, applying a huge damage of the infrastructure of the region. Then 29 people died.

The last powerful eruption of the Merapy in 2010 forced to leave the nearby region of more than 350,000 local residents. Some of them, however, dared to return back, for which many of them were paid to life - the volcano sent 353 people to the light.

The most dangerous volcanoes

Volcano Galeras, Colombia

In Colombia, quite not far from the border with the Republic of Ecuador, there is a majestic volcano Galeras. The height of this giant is 4276 meters. Crater depth (about 80 meters) and its diameter (320 meters), turn this volcano into a peculiar gun, which has repeatedly shot.

Volcano Galeras continues to act that can be seen by numerous small eruptions. The truly strong eruptions on the gallers happened not so much. According to scientists, in the last seven thousand years there have happened about six large surges of its activity.

Galeras is very popular Moz For tourists on site South Americawho also come to admire the beauties located at the foot of the mountain national Reserve The area of \u200b\u200bwhich is several thousand hectares.

Galeras constantly holds in a voltage of almost half a million people living near the volcano, which, according to experts, retains its activity at least a million years. Because of the minor eruptions, people are often dying there, and because of the threat of large power, many thousands of residents periodically evacuate.

Volcano Sakuradzima, Japan

The current Japanese volcano Sakuradzim once was an independent island. However, after the eruption of 1914, he became part of the Peninsula Osumi., having connected with it by means of frozen lava flows.

Sakuradyzima shows an indispensable activity since 1955, representing a serious threat to the city of Kagosima with a population of more than six hundred thousand people. However, it did not prevent (and rather helped) residents of the city to benefit from such a dangerous neighborhood, making the volcano tourist attraction.

To Mount Sakuradzima regularly walks steam, and from the city itself to the volcano, the height of which is 1117 meters, outdoor fascinatingly. Given the constant minor eruptions of the volcano, it is not surprising that the inhabitants of this are accustomed. For example, only in 2014 it happened 471 eruptions!

Today there are about 600 existing volcanoes and up to 1000 extinctings on the surface of the Earth. In addition, under water, they are hiding approximately 10 thousand. Most of them are located at the joints of the tectonic plates. About 100 volcanoes are concentrated around Indonesia, in the territory of Western uS states They are numbered about 10, the accumulation of volcanoes is also noted in the area of \u200b\u200bJapan, Kuril Islands And Kamchatka. But all of them are nothing, compared to one megavulkan, whom scientists fear most.

The most dangerous volcanoes

This or that danger represents any of the existing volcanoes, even sleeping. To determine which one is most dangerous, no volcanologist or geomorphologist is not taken, as it is impossible to accurately predict the time and strength of the eruption of any of them. The name "The most dangerous volcano in the world" simultaneously claims Roman Vesuvius and Etna, Mexican Popochettet, Japanese Sakuradyzima, Columbia Galers, located in the Congo Nyraonggo, in Guatemala - Santa Maria, on Hawaii - Manua Loa and others.

If the danger of the volcano is to evaluate the estimated damage that it can apply, it would be reasonable to refer to the history describing what consequences brought the most dangerous eruptions of volcanoes in the world in the past. For example, the well-known Vesuvius took place in 79 n. e. up to 10 thousand lives and erased from the face of the earth two major cities. Krakatau eruption in 1883, which in force 200 thousand times exceeded the atomic bomb, discharged on Hiroshima, echoed throughout the land and took the life of 36 thousand islanders.

The eruption in 1783 the volcano called Lucky led to the fact that a huge part of cattle and grocery reserves were destroyed, because of which 20% of the population of Iceland died of hunger. Next year because of the varnishes has become a lack of town for the whole of Europe. All this shows how large-scale consequences can turn into for people.

Destructive supervulcans

But did you know that all the greatest dangerous is nothing compared to the so-called supervulcans, eruption of each of which thousands of years ago brought truly catastrophic consequences for the whole land and changed the climate on the planet? The eruptions of such volcanoes could have strength in 8 points, and the ashes of at least 1000 m 3 was thrown into a height of at least 25 km. This led to a long sulfur precipitation, the absence of sunlight for months and coating with huge layers of the ashes of the extensive area of \u200b\u200bthe earth's surface.

Superworms are distinguished by the fact that in the site of the eruptions they do not have a crater, and caldera. This circuit-shaped brand with a relatively smooth bottom is formed as a result of the fact that after a series of strongest explosions with emission, ashes and magma, the upper part of the mountain is collapsed.

The most dangerous supervulkan.

Scientists are aware of the existence of approximately 20 supervulkanov. In place of one of these frightening giants, today Lake Taport is today in New Zealand, another supervolkan is hidden under the supervulkanov samples serve Long-Vlyli in California, Wallis in New Mexico and Aira in Japan.

But the most dangerous volcano in the world is the most "ripe" to the eruse of Supervulkan Yellowstone, located in the territory of Western American states. It is he who forces volcanologists and geomorphologists of the United States, and and around the world, to live in a state of increasing fear, forcing forget about all the most dangerous existing volcanoes World.

Location and sizes of Yellowstone

Yellowstone caldera is located in the North-West USA, in Wyoming. It was first noticed from the satellite in 1960. Caldera, the dimensions of which are approximately 55 * 72 km, is part of the world famous Yellowstone national Park. A third of almost 900,000 hectares of a park area is located on the territory of the Calder of the Volcano.

Under the Yellowstone crater, a giant magma bubble is a depth of about 8,000 m. The temperature of the magma inside it is nearing 1000 0 C. Due to this, there are many hot springs on the territory of the Yellowstone Park, the clouds of steam and gas mixtures are rising from cracks in the earth's crust.

Also there are many geysers and mud boilers. The reason for this was heated to a temperature of 1600 0 with a vertical stream of solid rock with a width of 660 km. Under the territory of the park at a depth of 8-16 km, there are two branches of this thread.

Yellowstone eruption in the past

The first eruption of Yellowstone, which happened, according to scientists, more than 2 million years ago, was the most large disaster On Earth in the entire history of its existence. Then, on the assumption of volcanologists, about 2.5 thousand km of 3 rocks were thrown into the atmosphere, and the upper mark, which reached these emissions, was 50 km above the ground.

The biggest and dangerous volcano in the world began a re-eruption of more than 1.2 million years ago. Then the amount of emissions was approximately 10 times less. The third eruption occurred 640 thousand years ago. It was then that the walls of the crater were collapsed and the caldera existing today was formed.

Why today it is worth afraid of the Yellowstone Calder

In the light recent changes On the territory of the Yellowstone National Park, scientists are becoming clearer, what volcano is the most dangerous in the world. What is happening there? Scientists have alarmed the following changes, which were especially intensified in the 2000s:

• For 6 years, preceding 2013, the land covering caldera rose by as much as 2 meters, whereas for the previous 20th anniversary, the rise was only 10 cm.
• From under the ground, new hot geysers scored.
• Increases the frequency and force of earthquakes in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Yellowstone Calder. Only in 2014, scientists recorded them around 2000.
• In some places, underground gases are made through the layers of land on the surface.
• For several degrees, the water temperature in rivers increased.

These awesome news crossed the public, and especially residents of the North American continent. Many scientists agree that the supervulkan eruption will occur in this century.

Consequences of eruptions for America

No wonder, many volcanologists believe that the Yellowstone Caldera is the most dangerous volcano in the world. They suggest that his next eruption will be as powerful as the previous ones. Scientists equate him to the explosion of thousands of atomic bombs. This means that within a radius of 160 km around the epicenter, everything will be completely destroyed. In the "dead zone" will turn the territory covered by ashes, staging by 1600 km around.

Yellowstone eruption may entail eruptions and other volcanoes and the formation of powerful tsunami. Emergency will come for the USA, and martial law will be introduced. Of the various sources, the information is received that America is preparing for a disaster: building shelters, manufactures more than a million plastic coffins, constitutes an evacuation plan, making contracts with countries on other continents. Recently, about the true state of affairs in the Yellowstone Calder of the United States prefers to silence.

Yellowstone caldera and the end of the world

The eruption of the caldera located under the Yellowstone Park will bring trouble not only by America. A picture that can turn around in this case looks sad for the whole world. Scientists were calculated that if the release of 50 km would last for only two days, then the "cloud of death" will take the territory during this time, twice as much as the entire American continent.

After a week, emissions reached India and Australia. The sun rays will be drowned in a thick volcanic smoke and a long one-and-half (at least) winter will come to the ground. average temperature Air on Earth drops to -25 0 s, and in some places it will reach -50 oh. People will die under falling with the sky fragments from the hot lava, from the cold, hunger, thirst and the impossibility of breathing. According to assumptions, only one person from a thousand will remain alive.

Yellowstone Calder eruption is capable of not destroying life on Earth completely, then in the root to change the conditions for the existence of all living things. No one can say for sure whether this eruption will begin with this most dangerous volcano in the world with our lives, but existing fears are really justified.